abuse 13
accumulate 154
adaptation 13
admission 111
apply for 65
as long as 142
at (first) sight/at (the) sight of 53
attraction1 54
be intended to be/do sth. 25
be typical of 100
break one’s promise 53
break up 66
build up 111
calculate 100
cast 52
cloth 112
commit 101
condemn 52
congratulation 153
contradict 142
contradictory 154
cut out (of sth.) 113
dare 52
debt 25
decline 66
demand 54
desire 65
desperate 13
dip 113
disappointment 153
disgusting 112
disturbing 53
expose 142
fall in love 53
finance 141
fortune 14
generous 14
give thought to 155
in defence of 141
in this case 153
lay out 112
live up to 14
overlook 143
parallel1 54
pay attention to 143
put up 65
range from...to 100
rather than 99
recommend 13
refer to 153
regardless of 141
representative 141
reputation 24
rescue 24
resemble 143
resist 24
reward 101
scenery 112
scold 54
seek 66
settle in 99
shadow 101
show off 154
take on 54
take up 111
tend to 25
touch on/upon 25
try out 65
vain 14
worn-out 24
在我们这个诗的国度，几千年来，诗歌一直是文学史的主流。诗歌伴随着人类的起源和发展而进步。让我们欣赏一下两首诗歌。
Prelude To Water Melody Swimming
I have just drunk the waters of Changsha
And come to eat the fish of Wuchang.
Now I am swimming across the great Yangtze，
Looking afar to the open sky of Chu.
Let the wind blow and waves beat，
Better far than idly(空闲地) strolling in courtyard.
Today I am at ease.
It was by a stream that the Master said—
“Thus do things flow away！”
Sails move with the wind.
Tortoise and Snake are still.
Great plans are afoot：
A bridge will fly to span the north and south，
Turning a deep chasm into a thoroughfare；
Walls of stones will stand upstream to the west
To hold back Wushan’s clouds and rain
Till a smooth lake rises in the narrow gorges.
The mountain goddess if she is still there
Will marvel(感到惊讶) at a world so changed.
水调歌头·游泳
才饮长沙水，又食武昌鱼。
万里长江横渡，极目楚天舒。
不管风吹浪打，胜似闲庭信步，今日得宽余。
子在川上曰：逝者如斯夫！
风樯动，龟蛇静，起宏图。
一桥飞架南北，天堑变通途。
更立西江石壁，截断巫山云雨，高峡出平湖。
神女应无恙，当惊世界殊。
Prelude To Water Melody
Su Shi
When will the moon be clear and bright?
With a cup of wine in my hand, I ask the blue sky.
I don’t know what season it would be in the heavens on this night.
I’d like to ride the wind to fly home.
Yet I fear the crystal and jade mansions are much too high and cold for me.
Dancing with my moon－lit shadow(阴影)，
It does not seem like the human world.
The moon rounds the red mansion
Stoops to silk-pad doors，
Shines upon the sleepless
Bearing no grudge，
Why does the moon tend to be full when people are apart?
People may have sorrow or joy, be near or far apart，
The moon may be dim or bright, wax or wane，
This has been going on since the beginning of time.
May we all be blessed with longevity.
Though far apart, we are still able to share the beauty of the moon together.
水调歌头·明月几时有
苏轼
明月几时有，把酒问青天。
不知天上宫阙，今夕是何年。
我欲乘风归去，又恐琼楼玉宇，
高处不胜寒。
起舞弄清影，何似在人间。
转朱阁，低绮户，照无眠。
不应有恨，何事长向别时圆。
人有悲欢离合，月有阴晴圆缺，此事古难全。
但愿人长久，千里共婵娟。
Section Ⅰ Welcome to the unit & Reading—Warming Up
1．fiction n． 小说；虚构的事
2．chapter n． (书的)章，篇， 回；时期， 时代
3．author n．作者
4．abuse vt. 虐待；辱骂；滥用
5．criminal n．罪犯
adj. 犯罪的，犯法的；刑法的，刑事的
6．plot n.故事情节；阴谋，密谋
vt. 密谋；绘制(图表)
7．vain adj. 虚荣的，自负的；徒劳的，无结果的
8．theme n．主题，主题思想；主题音乐
9．poetry n．诗歌→poet n．诗人→poem n．诗；韵文
10．characteristic n．特征，特点 adj.典型的，独特的，特有的→character n．个性；品质；字符；人物
11．novelist n．小说家→novel n．小说
12．desperate adj.铤而走险的，拼命的，绝望的；非常重要，渴望→desperately adv.拼命地；绝望地
13．tension n．紧张气氛；紧张， 烦躁；矛盾，对立→tense adj.紧张的；绷紧的 n．(动词)时态
14．generous adj.慷慨的，大方的；宽厚的，仁慈的→generously adv.宽大地；慷慨地→generosity n．慷慨；大方；宽大
1．recommend_sth.to_sb. 向某人推荐某物
2．have_nothing_to_do_with... 与……无关
3．have_a_place_in... 在……中占一席之地
4．come_out 出现；露面；开花；出版， 发行
5．at__a_time 每次； 依次；在某个时刻， 一度
6．be_set__in... 以……为背景
7．bent_on_(doing)_something 决心做某事(通常指坏事)
8．would__rather_...than... 宁愿……，不愿……
9．on_the__run 躲避；忙碌，不停地奔波
10．live_up_to 达到，符合(期望)
1．so...that... 如此……以至于……
They are novels, plays and poems that were written a long time ago and were so_well_written_that(写得如此好以至于) people still read them nowadays.
2．make＋宾语＋宾补
This makes_them_difficult(使它们困难) for some people to read, so they are often left to gather dust on shelves.
3．would rather do...than do... 宁愿做……而不愿做……
Pip’s sister often abuses him, but Joe is a kind and simple man who would_rather_die_than_see(宁愿死也不愿看到) any harm come to Pip.
4．it作形式宾语
Pip dislikes_it_when(当……的时候不高兴) Joe comes to visit him in London.
Scan the text and choose the best answer.
What’s the author’s attitude towards classic novels?
A．They are boring.
B．They are out of date.
C．They are still read today.
D．They are disappearing.
Why are so many classic novels adapted into films?
A．Because they are hard to understand.
B．Because nowadays few people like to read them.
C．Because the life today has something in common with that in them.
D．Because the films appeal to the audience.
What was usually used to add interest, tension or deeper meaning to the novel?
A．A symbol.
B．A mysterious setting.
C．A complicated plot.
D．Two clues.
When did Pip start a new life?
A．At the age of 18.
B．When he moved to London.
C．When he met Estella.
D．When he became a real gentleman.
答案：1－4.CCAB
Analyze the following difficult sentences in the text.
1．They are novels, plays and poems that were written a long time ago and were so well written that people still read them nowadays.
They are novels, plays and poems是________句；that were written a long time ago 是由that引导的定语从句；and是并列连词，连接并列句that were written a long time ago和 were so well written that people still read them nowadays, 在第二个分句中so...that引导的是____________从句。
[尝试翻译] 它们是________________小说、戏剧和诗歌。这些作品写得________________今天人们仍然在阅读它们。
答案：主干；结果状语；很久以前创作的；如此好以至于
2．Pip, who is seven years old when the story begins, is in a foggy cemetery when a desperate criminal appears and frightens him.
Pip, who is seven years old when the story begins, is in a foggy cemetery 是主干句，在这个主干句中who is seven years old when the story begins 是who引导的________从句；when a desperate criminal appears and frightens him是when引导的____________从句。
[尝试翻译] 故事开始时，七岁的皮普____________________________墓地中，就在这时一个穷凶极恶的罪犯________________________________。
答案：定语；时间状语；正在一个薄雾笼罩的；突然出现了并恐吓他
Appreciating literature①
What is classic② literature? Classics are the antiques③ of the literary world. They are novels, plays and poems that were written a long time ago④ and were so well written that people still read them nowadays. They are examples of great writing and wisdom, and even those written centuries ago⑤ can still be found in bookshops and libraries today.
Because a lot of classics were written so long ago，their language characteristics⑥ are quite different from those of modern works. This makes them difficult for some people to read, so they are often left to gather dust on shelves. Many people do not read them, because they think classics are old and boring and have nothing to do with⑦ life today.
However, if this is true, why do we still find these classics in bookshops and libraries? They have not disappeared and still have a place in⑧ the world. Why else would many films adapted from them⑨ be successful? In 1995, an award-winning⑩ film based on Jane Austen’s novel Emma? came out?. Three years later, in 1998, a modern adaptation? of Charles Dickens’s novel Great Expectations appeared in cinemas. Nobody would bother to? make these classic novels into films if they had nothing to do with contemporary? life.
①literature n. 文学，文学作品 literary adj. 文学的
②classic n．[C]名著，经典作品
还可用作形容词，意为“典型的，经典的”。
③antique [?n'ti?k] n. 古董，文物
④that were written a long time ago是that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词novels, plays and poems。
⑤written centuries ago是过去分词短语作定语，修饰those。
⑥characteristic [?k?r?kt?'rIstIk] n. 特征，特点 adj.典型的，独特的，特有的
⑦have nothing to do with...与……没有关系
⑧have a place in 在……占有一席之地
⑨adapted from them 是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰films。adapted from 意为“由……改编”。
⑩award-winning 获奖的
?based on Jane Austen’s novel Emma是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰film。
?come out 推出，发行，出版
?adaptation n. 改编本(也作adaption)
?bother to do 费心去做，通常用在否定句中，表示“懒得做”。
?contemporary adj.当代的
文学欣赏
什么是经典文学？经典文学作品是文学世界里的古董。它们是很久以前创作的小说、戏剧和诗歌。这些作品写得如此好以至于今天人们仍然在阅读它们。经典文学是杰出的创作及智慧的典范，即使是几世纪前写的那些作品，现在依然可以在书店和图书馆里找到。
因为许多经典文学作品创作如此久远，它们的语言特色与现代文学作品的语言特色有相当大的区别。这使得一些人阅读它们有困难，所以它们常被搁置在书架上落满了灰尘。许多人不读经典文学作品是因为觉得它们太古老，枯燥乏味，与今天的生活没有任何联系。
但是，如果这种观点是正确的，为什么我们今天仍然可以在书店和图书馆里找到这些经典文学作品呢？它们并没有消失，在当今世界仍占有一席之地。还有，为什么许多根据经典文学作品改编的电影可以大获成功呢？1995年，一部根据简·奥斯丁的小说《爱玛》改编的获奖影片问世。三年后，在1998年，一部查尔斯·狄更斯小说《远大前程》的现代改编剧出现在电影院。如果这些经典小说与现代生活没有任何关系的话，没人会花费精力将它们改编成电影。
Charles Dickens: England’s greatest writer
The novelist? Charles Dickens was born in Portsmouth, England in 1812. Olive Twist, David Copperfield and Great Expectations are probably his best-known works?. He first published many novels one chapter? at a time in newspapers, and some were later performed on stage. For people at that time, his stories were like the soap operas? we see on TV today. He died in 1870. His tomb reads, ‘By his death, one of England’s greatest writers is lost to the world.’
?novelist ['n?v?lIst] n．小说家
?work n．[C]著作，(艺术)作品(多用复数)
works of literature 文学作品
Beethoven’s piano works 贝多芬的钢琴曲
?chapter ['t??pt?(r)] n．(书的)章，篇，回；时期，时代
?opera ['?pr?] n. 歌剧；歌剧团；歌剧院
soap opera n. 肥皂剧
查尔斯·狄更斯：“英国最伟大的作家”
小说家查尔斯·狄更斯1812年出生于英国的朴次茅斯。《雾都孤儿》、《大卫·科波菲尔》、《远大前程》可能是他最广为人知的作品。狄更斯最初将许多小说发表在报纸上，每次刊登一章，有一些作品后来被搬上了舞台。对于那时候的人来说，他的小说就如同我们今天在电视上看到的肥皂剧。狄更斯于1870年去世，他的墓碑上写着：“他的辞世使世界失去了一位英国最伟大的作家。”
Great Expectations
Great Expectations is set in? England in the early 1800s. The author uses Pip, the main character, to tell the story. Having lost his parents, Pip lives with his older sister and her husband Joe. Pip’s sister often abuses him, but Joe is a kind and simple man who would rather die than see any harm come to Pip.
Pip, who is seven years old when the story begins, is in a foggy cemetery when a desperate criminal appears and frightens him. Mist is a symbol of danger in Great Expectations. Classic novels often have symbols which add interest, tension or deeper meaning to the text. Readers may not be able to see the danger, so they need a symbol like the mist to make it clearer to them.
There is a twist in the plot when a very generousstranger gives Pip a large fortune. As a condition for receiving this fortune, Pip must move to London and begin the life of a gentleman. Pip is eager to begin his new life. Money and education, however, change him, and before long he becomes vain and ashamed of his background. Pip dislikes it when Joe comes to visit him in London He has rigid ideas of what it means to be civiland to be a gentleman, and is embarrassed by Joe because he does not fit these.
?be set in... (电影、戏剧等)以……为背景
author ['??θ?(r)] n. 作者
Having lost his parents 是现在分词的完成式，表示该动作发生在句子谓语(lives with)表示的动作之前。
abuse [?'bju?z] vt. 虐待；辱骂；滥用
simple adj. 朴实的
cemetery ['sem?trI] n. 墓地，公墓
desperate ['desp?r?t] adj. 铤而走险的，拼命的，绝望的；非常需要，渴望
be desperate for 渴望…… be desperate to do 渴望做
criminal ['krImInl] n. 罪犯 adj. 犯罪的，犯法的
crime n. 犯罪活动
tension['ten?n] n. 紧张气氛；紧张，烦躁；矛盾，对立
which add interest... 是定语从句，修饰 symbols。
twist [twIst] n. 转折，转变；转动；急转弯
vi.& vt. (使)弯曲；转动；蜿蜒
plot [pl?t] n. 故事情节；阴谋 vt. 密谋；绘制(图表)
generous ['d?en?r?s] adj. 慷慨的，大方的；宽厚的，仁慈的
be generous to sb. 对某人慷慨/大方/仁慈
vain [veIn] adj. 虚荣的，自负的；徒劳的，无结果的
in vain 徒劳；无结果；白白地
become ashamed of 对……感到羞愧
it是形式宾语，代替when引导的宾语从句。
rigid ['rId?Id] adj. 死板的，固执的；坚硬的
civil ['sIvl] adj. 有教养的，有礼貌的；平民的
embarrassed adj. 难堪的，尴尬的
《远大前程》
《远大前程》以19世纪初的英格兰为背景。作者用小说的主人公皮普的口吻来讲述整个故事。在他父母去世之后，皮普与姐姐和姐夫乔一起生活。皮普的姐姐经常辱骂他，但乔却是一个善良淳朴的人，他宁愿死也不愿看到皮普受到任何伤害。
故事开始时，七岁的皮普正在一个薄雾笼罩的墓地中，就在这时一个穷凶极恶的罪犯突然出现了并恐吓他。在《远大前程》中雾是危险的象征。经典小说中往往有一些象征，这些象征为小说增添了趣味、紧张的气氛或者更深层次的含义。读者可能看不到危险，因此他们需要一个象征，例如雾，使危险更清楚地呈现在他们面前。
当一位非常慷慨的陌生人赠予了皮普一大笔财富的时候，故事情节发生了转折。作为获得这笔财富的一个条件，皮普必须移居伦敦，开始绅士生活。皮普迫不及待地开始了新生活。但是金钱和教育改变了他，不久他变得爱慕虚荣，而且因他的背景而感到羞愧。当乔来伦敦看他时，皮普并不高兴。皮普对文明和绅士的内涵有着刻板的解释，而乔让他尴尬，因为乔不符合这些观念。
Pip is bent on becoming a gentleman and winning Estella’s love. Estella is a beautiful girl, and for Pip she is a symbol of education and money. What it really means to be a gentleman is an important theme in Great Expectations. Is a person with a lot of money a gentleman? Or，is a gentleman somebody who is kind and good to his friends?
By the end of the novel, Pip has changed a lot. He learns that wealth does not buy happiness and that friends are more important than a fancy education. This change in Pip is called character development, which is an important part of almost any novel. Does Joe forgive Pip? Does Pip get the girl of his dreams? Will Pip ever find out the identity of the person who gave him the money? You will just have to read the book yourself to find out.
bent on (doing) sth. 决心做某事(通常指坏事)
bent [bent] adj. 弯曲的；驼背的；不诚实的 n. 天赋，爱好
What it really means to be a gentleman 是一个主语从句。
theme [θi?m] n．主题，主题思想；主题音乐
theme music /song/ tune 主题音乐
theme park 主题公园
fancy adj. 豪华的，花哨的
皮普一心要成为一名绅士，并赢得埃斯特拉的芳心。埃斯特拉是位漂亮的女孩，对皮普而言，她就是教育和金钱的象征。《远大前程》中一个重要的主题就是：做一名绅士究竟意味着什么。有很多钱的人就是一名绅士吗？或者，那种对朋友很善良、很友好的人才是绅士吗？
小说结尾时，皮普变化很大。他认识到财富买不到幸福，朋友比华而不实的教育更重要。皮普的这种转变被称为人物性格的发展，这是几乎任何一部小说中的一个重要部分。乔有没有原谅皮普呢？皮普有没有得到他的梦中女孩呢？皮普有没有查出给他钱的人的身份？你还得自己读这本书，找到答案。
A卷
阅读理解
A
Australian English began separating from British English shortly after the foundation of the Australian penal colony(罪犯流放地) of New South Wales in 1788. British convicts sent there, including cockneys(伦敦东区的人) from London, came mostly from large English cities. They were joined by free settlers, military personnel and officials, often with their families. However, many of the convicts were Irish, with at least 25% directly from Ireland, and others indirectly via Britain. There were other populations of convicts from non-English speaking areas of Britain, such as the Welsh and Scots. The transportation of convicts to Australia ended in 1868, but immigration of free settlers from Britain, Ireland and elsewhere continued.
The earliest form of Australian English was first spoken by the children of the colonists born into the colony of New South Wales. This very first generation of children created a new dialect that was to become the language of the nation. The Australian-born children in the new colony were exposed to a wide range of different dialects from all over the British Isles, in particular from Ireland and the southeastern part of England.
The native-born children of the colony created the new dialect from factors present in the speech they heard around them, and provided a way for the expression of peer solidarity(一致). Even when new settlers arrived, this new dialect was strong enough to turn away from the influence of other patterns of speech.
Records from the early 19th century indicated the distinctive dialect had appeared in the colony since the first settlement. In 1827 Peter Cunningham, in his book Two Years in New South Wales, described that the native-born colonists spoke with a distinctive accent and vocabulary, with a strong London influence.Anthony Burgess wrote that “Australian English may be thought of as a kind of fossilised(僵化的) cockney(伦敦腔) of the Dickensian era”．
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。介绍澳大利亚英语的形成过程。
1．Who didn’t go to Australia with the convicts?
A．Miners. B．Soldiers.
C．Officials. D．Free settlers.
A 解析：细节理解题。从文章第一段可知，随着囚犯到澳大利亚去的人中没有矿工。
2．Who created the earliest form of Australian English?
A．Convicts sent to Australia.
B．Free settlers into Australia.
C．The native-born children of the colony.
D．People from Ireland and the southeastern part of England.
C 解析：细节理解题。从文章第二段可知，在澳大利亚出生的孩子说话不同于自己的父母，是他们创造了最初的澳大利亚英语。
3．We can learn from the last paragraph that Australian English________．
A．had no identity of its own
B．was formed before the Dickensian era
C．was quite different from British English
D．was greatly influenced by London accent
D 解析：推理判断题。分析文章最后一段可知，两位作者认为澳大利亚英语具有明显的伦敦口音特征。
4．What does the text mainly tell us?
A．Who came to Australia first.
B．How Australia was colonized.
C．How Australian English was formed.
D．What the earliest language in Australia was.
C 解析：主旨大意题。综合全文可知，文章主要说明澳大利亚英语的形成。
B
Experts believe that the best time to teach kids language skills is when they are babies. Most time the task is easily accomplished with parents reading or talking to their babies. However, in some cases that is not possible due to busy work schedules or when kids are born deaf. Now, an adorable blue-eyed robot, a human avatar, and some high-tech neuroscience may be able to assist parents with this important developmental task.
The Robot AVatar thermal-Enhanced system, or RAVE, is the brainchild of a team of researchers led by Laura-Ann Petitto, an educational neuroscientist, at Washington, D．C.’s Gallaudet University. The learning process begins when the robot’s camera, which is focused on the baby’s face, detects tiny changes in his/her body temperature. This, combined with the baby’s facial expression, causes the robot to turn its head and guide the baby’s attention to a computer screen, on which a human avatar starts to communicate with the baby, much like a parent would. For example, if the baby points towards the screen, the avatar might respond，“Are you pointing to me？” and follow that up with a nursery rhyme, fairy tale, or some essential social communication, all in American Sign Language (ASL). The“conversation”continues until the kid loses interest.
The researchers, who have been testing the system for three years, found that babies as young as 6 to 8 months old began to move their hands in a rhythm similar to ASL after interacting with RAVE for just a few minutes. Petitto says natural language, whether communicated through speech or sign, activates the same parts of the brain and believes the rhythmic motions prove the babies are learning the essential elements of communication.
What sets this technique apart from other methods, such as showing educational videos or television shows, is its interactive nature and real-time response to the baby’s actions. The researchers say that while it is too early to determine the system’s long-term influence on baby communication, the initial response has been very encouraging. Next, they plan to introduce an avatar that can both sign and speak to babies.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇科普说明文，主要介绍了一种可以帮助父母教婴儿学习语言的系统，以及该系统的工作原理、效果评价和研究人员对这种技术的展望。
5．What can the RAVE system help parents do?
A．Improve babies’ health condition.
B．Take good care of babies.
C．Develop babies’ language skills.
D．Keep babies company.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“Experts believe that the best time to teach kids language skills is when they are babies.”可知，专家认为教孩子语言技能的最佳时间是孩子的婴儿时期；结合第一段尾句“Now, an adorable blue-eyed robot, a human avatar, and some high-tech neuroscience may be able to assist parents with this important developmental task.”以及第二段中的“The Robot... a team of researchers”可知，RAVE系统可以帮助父母完成教婴儿学习语言的任务，故C项正确。
6．What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about?
A．How babies learn ASL effectively.
B．How parents educate their babies.
C．How robots talk and read to babies.
D．How the RAVE system works.
D 解析：段落大意题。根据第二段第二、三句“The learning...his/her body temperature. This, combined with the baby’s facial expression, causes the robot to turn its head and guide the baby’s attention to a computer screen, on which a human avatar starts to communicate with the baby, much like a parent would.”可知，机器人的摄像头可以检测到婴儿细微的体温变化并与婴儿的面部表情相结合，使机器人转动头部，引导婴儿注意电脑屏幕，在电脑屏幕上，一个人类的形象开始与婴儿交流，就像父母一样；结合全段内容可知，该段主要介绍了RAVE系统的工作原理，故D项正确。
7．What indicates babies are learning with the help of the RAVE system?
A．Interest in videos and TV shows.
B．Changes in their body temperature.
C．Improvement in their natural language.
D．Hand movements in a rhythm like ASL.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“babies as young... a few minutes”可知，在和这种系统交流互动之后，婴儿就会开始以类似于ASL的节奏晃动他们的手，故D项正确。
8．What do the researchers think of the RAVE system?
A．Promising. B．Impractical.
C．Satisfactory. D．Disappointing.
A 解析：观点态度题。根据第四段第二、三句“The researchers say that while it is too early to determine the system’s long-term influence on baby communication, the initial response has been very encouraging. Next, they plan to introduce an avatar that can both sign and speak to babies.”可知，尽管对这种系统培养婴儿交流技能的长期影响进行评价为时过早，但是其初期的表现令人鼓舞，研究人员将在下一步推出可以用手语和口语与婴儿交流的形象。据此可知，研究人员对这种系统的发展是充满着希望的，A项意为“很有前途的，大有希望的”，符合语境，故A项正确。
C
English is an important global language, but that doesn’t mean it’s easy to learn. Many experts have tried to make English easier for students to learn—but they weren’t always successful.
In 1930，Professor C．K.Ogden of Cambridge University invented Basic English. It had only 850 words (and just eighteen verbs) and Ogden said most people could learn it in just thirty hours. The problem was that people who learned Basic English could write and say simple messages, but they couldn’t understand the answers in “real” English. It was also impossible to explain a word if it wasn’t in the Basic English word list.For example，if you wanted a watermelon, you asked for “a large green fruit with the form of an egg, which has a sweet red inside and a good taste”．
R．E. Zachrisson, a university professor in Sweden, decided that the biggest problem for learners of English was spelling, so he invented a language called Anglic. Anglic was similar to English, but with much simpler spelling. “Father” became “faadher”， “new” became “nue” and“years” became “yeerz”. Unfortunately for some students of English, Anglic never became popular.
Even easier is the language which a ship’s captain uses: it’s called “seaspeak”. Seaspeak uses a few simple phrases for every possible situation. In seaspeak, for example you don’t say，“I’m sorry. What did you say？” or “I didn’t understand. Can you repeat that？”It’s just“Say again.” No more grammar.
In the age of international communication through the Internet, a new form of English might appear. A large number of the world’s emails are in English and include examples of“NetLingo”like OIC(Oh, I see) and TTYL (Talk to you later). In another fifty years, English might not exist and we will probably all speak fluent“Internetish”．
【解题导语】 英语是全球性的语言。为了让更多的学生掌握英语，许多专家试图让英语变得更容易学习——但并不是很成功。
9．It will take a person about________ weeks to learn Basic English if he spends two hours learning it every day.
A．six B．four
C．three D．two
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中“...Ogden said most people could learn it in just thirty hours.”可知，每天学习两个小时的话，大约要用两周的时间。
10．According to Professor Zachrisson, what was the biggest problem for learners of English?
A．Grammar. B．Vocabulary.
C．Spelling. D．Speaking.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“R.E.Zachrisson，a university professor in Sweden，decided that the biggest problem for learners of English was spelling...”可知选C项。
11．Which of the following is likely to be Anglic?
A．A graet batl.
B．IOU.
C．Long time no see.
D．Two five, no lights.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中“Anglic was similar to English，but with much simpler spelling.‘Father’ became ‘faadher’，‘new’became‘nue’and‘years’ became ‘yeerz’．”可知选A项。
12．What might happen to English in another fifty years?
A．It might become a global language.
B．It might be replaced by “Internetish”．
C．It might take the place of all other languages.
D．It might become more and more difficult.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据文章最后一句中“In another fifty years，English might not exist and we will probably all speak fluent‘Internetish’．”可知选B项。
七选五
How to Pick a Great Book to Read
The world is full of great books，just waiting to be read. How can you pick one you’ll really like？Here are some tips：
·What makes you happy?
1．________ Are you really into dinosaurs or dogs or a specific person？Are there a few careers you’re interested in？You can find books about almost anything you like，and you’re more likely to enjoy reading a book if you’re already interested in its subject.
·Fact or fiction?
Some books are entirely made up and imagined. Those are called fiction books. Novels，short stories are all examples of fiction. These books can transport you to another world or help you imagine something beyond your own experience.
Non-fiction books give you the who，what，when and why.2.________ Non-fiction books can bring everything to life from the first trip to the moon to what it’s like to explore the deepest oceans.Try both fiction and non-fiction books to see which you like better.
·Find a family favorite.
What was your mother’s favorite book when she was your age？Or your dad’s？3.________ Then you can talk about what they liked about it and share your thoughts.It’s a fun way to get to know your family a little better，and to find a book you’ll enjoy!
·Ask an expert.
4．________ Tell a librarian about your interests—rock stars，sports teams，historical events，whatever you’re into—and the names of some books you already like.Your librarian can help you find other books that you’re sure to love.
·Launch a book swap.
5．________ It’s always fun to see what your friends are reading.Even if they’re not exactly bookworms，you can all encourage each other to read and share books and authors you like.You also can look for book swaps in your area.It’s a great way to build your personal library for free!
A．Ask them and give it a read.
B．Many of them read novels from start to finish.
C．Why not get some friends together and trade favorite books?
D．If you have a favorite hobby，look for books about that activity.
E．They tell stories using facts—but that doesn’t mean they’re boring.
F．Read the passage and decide for yourself whether it seems knowledgeable.
G．Your local library is a great place to find books that you’ll love，and you don’t have to search all by yourself.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了选择课外书的方法，如根据兴趣爱好选择、找到家庭成员的共同爱好等。
1．D 解析：根据本段最后一句和本部分标题“What makes you happy？”可知，本段主要介绍的是要根据自己的兴趣爱好选择喜欢的书；空处为该段总起句，反映该段主题，故D项符合文意。
2．E 解析：根据该部分标题“Fact or fiction？”可知，该部分主要介绍纪实类书籍和虚构类书籍；该部分第一段介绍了虚构类书籍；据此可以判断，第二段将介绍纪实类书籍，故E项符合文意。
3．A 解析：根据空处前两句可知，当你的父母在你的年纪时，他们喜欢哪些书？据此可以判断，空处建议向父母询问并阅读父母喜欢的书，故A项正确。
4．G 解析：根据空处后的“Tell a librarian about your interests”可知，作者建议你告诉图书馆管理员你的兴趣；据此可以判断，空处与图书馆相关，故G项正确。G项的“you don’t have to search all by yourself”与本段的“Your librarian can help you find”相呼应。
5．C 解析：根据空后的“It’s always fun to see what your friends are reading.” “encourage each other to read and share books and authors you like”可知，看朋友正在阅读的书是很有趣的事情，要互相鼓励去阅读和分享你们喜欢的书籍和作者；据此可以判断，C项正确。
B卷
阅读理解
Wild elephants can tell whether a voice comes from a man, a woman or a boy, a new study says. That’s what researchers found when they played recordings of people for elephants in Kenya. Scientists say this is an advanced thinking skill that other animals haven’t shown. It lets elephants figure out who is a threat and who isn’t. The result shows that the clever animals are also studying people, said study author Karen McComb.
“Basically, they have developed this very rich knowledge of the humans that they share their habitat with，”said McComb, a professor at the University of Sussex in England.“Memory is key. They must build up that knowledge somehow.”
The study was released on Monday in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
It’s close to but not quite like the Dr. Seuss book, where the elephant Horton hears something that others can’t hear.
McComb and colleagues went to Amboseli National Park in Kenya, where hundreds of wild elephants live among humans, sometimes coming in conflict over scarce water. The scientists used voice recordings of Maasai men, who on occasion kill elephants, and Kamba men，who are less of a threat to the elephants.
As a result, the elephants reacted more defensively—retreating and gathering in a bunch—to the Maasai language recording because it was associated with the more threatening human tribe，said study co-author Graeme Shannon.
They repeated the experiment with recordings of Maasai men and women. Since women almost never spear elephants，the animals reacted less defensively to the women’s voices. The same thing happened when they substituted young boys’ voices.“Making this kind of fine distinctions in human voice patterns is quite remarkable，”said Emory University animal cognition expert Frans de Waal，who was not part of the study.
【解题导语】 研究表明野生大象能够识别男、女和男孩的声音，它们通过思维区分声音并判断谁能对他们产生威胁。
1．Who were the people taking part in the study?
A．Frans de Waal and Karen McComb.
B．Dr.Seuss and Graeme Shannon.
C．Graeme Shannon and Frans de Waal.
D．Karen McComb and Graeme Shannon.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“study author Karen McComb”和第六段中的“study co-author Graeme Shannon”可知，Karen McComb和Graeme Shannon都参加了研究，故选D项。
2．What can wild elephants benefit from their special ability?
A．Identifying and avoiding possible danger.
B．Growing much faster than any other animals.
C．Having a better understanding of humans.
D．Developing their language skills.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“Scientists say this is an advanced thinking skill that other animals haven’t shown. It lets elephants figure out who is a threat and who isn’t.”可知，这种高等的思维方式使野象能够分辨出谁能对他们造成威胁，这样它们可以避免可能的危险，故A项是正确的。
3．Which can replace the underlined word “substituted” in the last paragraph?
A．distinguished B．repeated
C．used D．compared
C 解析：词义猜测题。画线词所在句中的“The same thing happened”指的是前一句中的“the animals reacted less defensively to the women’s voices”，画线词所在句讲的是野象对年轻男孩的声音做出的反应，说明当时研究者在对野象播放年轻男孩的声音，故选C项。
4．What does the passage mainly talk about?
A．Wild elephants can distinguish human languages.
B．The conflict between humans and wild elephants is growing.
C．Wild elephants use language skills to make discrimination.
D．Wild elephants can build up good memory and learn tricks.
A 解析：主旨大意题。根据文章第一句中的“Wild elephants can tell whether a voice comes from a man，a woman or a boy”和全文内容可知，野象能够通过人的声音区分不同人类群体的性别和年龄，故选A项(野象能够区分人类的语言)。
完形填空
It was an unforgettable weekend. I had a great time at the 1 ．However，after I reached home, I noticed my owl necklace was 2 ．I was so anxious that I 3 every room in the house，but my efforts were 4 vain.Then I decided to head back to the beach. My husband thought I was 5 ，as the huge beach was nine miles from our home. How could I 6 one tiny necklace？What if it came off in the ocean？I was 7 to even consider that as a possibility. I knew I had to try.
After searching for several hours at the beach，I 8 an elderly man with a metal detector(探测器) in his hand. I 9 up to him and asked whether he had come across a necklace. He opened his hand and showed me his 10 —some coins. He said if he saw my necklace he would 11 return it to me. I also wanted him to have enough 12 to mail it so I gave him a $5 bill and told him my name and my address. Then I left.
My husband 13 me and said that he would buy me a new one. But I turned down his nice 14 ，as that necklace couldn’t be 15 ．It was my dad who had found a special way to give me that 16 necklace.There had been a yard sale in my community. Among the things that were put on 17 he found the necklace. Unable to 18 it，my dad offered to build a bookshelf for the owner as a(n) 19 ．
Unexpectedly，three days later，I received a package. Inside were a $5 bill and my owl necklace. The moment I saw the necklace，I couldn’t help 20 ．
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在沙滩上把自己的项链丢失了，后又回到沙滩上寻找，但没有找到，最后项链被海滩上带探测器的老人找到并寄给作者的故事。
1．A．campus B．beach
C．library D．museum
B 解析：根据下文的“Then I decided to head back to the beach.”可知，这里应该指的是在沙滩上。
2．A．broken B．stolen
C．lost D．disappearing
C 解析：根据下文作者后来又去沙滩上找项链可知，此处应指项链丢失了。lost“丢失的”，符合语境。
3．A．searched B．cleaned
C．occupied D．measured
A 解析：根据上下文可知，项链丢失了，此处应该是在家里找。searched表示“寻找”，符合语境。cleaned“弄干净”；occupied“占据”；measured“测量”。
4．A．for B．with
C．in D．at
C 解析：根据下文的“Then I decided to head back to the beach.”可知，在家里没有找到。in vain表示“徒劳；白费功夫”，符合语境。
5．A．curious B．anxious
C．careless D．crazy
D 解析：根据下文的“as the huge beach was nine miles from our home”可知，沙滩很大并且离家那么远。故在作者决定去沙滩寻找项链时，丈夫认为作者发疯了(crazy)。curious“好奇的”；anxious“焦虑的；不安的”；careless“粗心的”。
6．A．find out B．locate
C．describe D．observe
B 解析：此处表示在一个沙滩上找一个微小的东西。locate表示“确定……的位置；定位”，符合语境，故选B项。find out“查明”，一般宾语是抽象的东西；describe“描述”；observe“观察”。
7．A．unable B．eager
C．prepared D．unwilling
D 解析：前一句说项链有可能掉进了海里，这样的话，项链就不能找到了。作者显然是不愿意这种情况发生的，所以选D项。
8．A．rescued B．noticed
C．admired D．hired
B 解析：作者寻找了几个小时后，不经意间看到(noticed)一个手里拿着金属探测器的老人。rescued“拯救”；admired“羡慕”；hired“雇用”。
9．A．raced B．walked
C．crawled D．approached
A 解析：根据上下文可知，作者急切地想找到项链，所以跑向了老人。raced“快速移动”；walked“走”；crawled“爬”；approached“接近”。
10．A．achievement B．equipment
C．charge D．priority
A 解析：根据上文提到的老人手里拿着金属探测器可知，他在沙滩上寻找东西；再根据作者问他是否看到一条项链时，他摊开手，手上只有几个硬币，且根据破折号可知， 这里应该用achievement“成就”。equipment“设备”；charge“费用”；priority“优先(权)”。
11．A．randomly B．gratefully
C．gladly D．sincerely
C 解析：根据下文老人把找到的项链还给作者可以推知，老人此时说的应该是如果看见项链他会乐意(gladly)把它归还给作者。randomly“随机地”；gratefully“感激地”；sincerely“真诚地”。
12．A．time B．postage
C．reason D．ability
B 解析：根据空后的“to mail it so I gave him a $5 bill and told him my name and my address”可知，作者给他邮资(postage)让他邮寄项链。
13．A．promised B．reminded
C．blamed D．comforted
D 解析：根据上下文可知，找不到项链的作者非常着急，丈夫要给作者买一条新的，这应该是安慰作者的话，故选D。comforted“安慰”，符合语境。promised“承诺”；reminded“提醒”；blamed“责备”。
14．A．gesture B．invitation
C．assistance D．comment
A 解析：本段第一句是丈夫安慰作者的话，只是丈夫展现的一个姿态(gesture)，nice gesture表示“友好的表示”。gesture“(表明感情或意图的)姿态；表示”；invitation“邀请”；assistance“帮助，援助”；comment“评论”。
15．A．compared B．decorated
C．replaced D．recognized
C 解析：根据上文的“But I turned down his nice______”和下文的“It was my dad who had found a special way to give me that ______necklace.”可知，这条项链是其他项链无法替代的。compared“比较”；decorated“装饰”；recognized“认出”。
16．A．similar B．precious
C．temporary D．expensive
B 解析：根据上下文可知，那条项链很珍贵(precious)。similar“相似的”；temporary“暂时的”；expensive“昂贵的”。
17．A．schedule B．occasion
C．approval D．display
D 解析：根据“There had been a yard sale in my community. Among the things that were put on ______ he found the necklace.”可知，当时社区在进行庭院旧货出售，既然父亲发现那条项链，说明当时那条项链在展出(on display)。on schedule“按计划时间”；on occasion“间或”；on approval“供试用的，包退换的”。
18．A．afford B．devote
C．preserve D．repair
A 解析：根据下文的“my dad offered to build a bookshelf for the owner”可知，当时父亲买不起那条项链，afford“承担得起……的费用”，符合语境。devote“献身”；preserve“保持”；repair“修理”。
19．A．advantage B．decision
C．exchange D．reward
C 解析：既然买不起，父亲提出给项链的主人做一个书架以换取那条项链。advantage“优势”；decision“决定”；reward“奖赏”。
20．A．laughing B．screaming
C．exciting D．crying
D 解析：根据上文内容可知，作者的那条项链意义特殊，对作者来说非常珍贵，老人把它和作者给他的五美元邮寄费一起寄来，作者忍不住哭(crying)了起来。
语法填空
The “Pygmalion effect” is a theory saying that people will act or behave 1.____________ the way that others expect them to. The effect has its origins in a classic Greek story: Pygmalion, a(n) 2.____________ (talent) sculptor, created a statue of a beautiful woman and fell in love with it. He asked the goddess Venus to give life to the statue, and his wish was granted. 3.____________ (create) according to Pygmalion’s idea of a perfect woman, the statue fulfilled his expectations when she 4.____________ (bring) to life. He married her and they had a happy life together.
English playwright George Bernard Shaw expanded on this idea in his popular play Pygmalion, 5.____________ served as the inspiration for the better known My Fair Lady. In these dramas(戏剧), a professor transforms a lower-class flower girl into an upper-class lady by 6.____________ (believe) in her and expecting the best of her.
So far, many studies 7.____________(conduct) on the Pygmalion effect in the classroom. Teachers are given information 8.____________ certain students are more likely to succeed than other members of the class. They often find that those students do perform 9.____________(well), even if they are not advantaged. That’s because the teachers’ words, body language and tone of voice convey positive expectations to those students. That 10.____________(actual) encourages them.
1．in 解析：考查介词。in...way意为“以……的方式”。
2．talented 解析：考查形容词作定语的用法。设空处作定语，意为“有才华的”，故填talented。
3．Created 解析：考查过去分词作状语的用法。设空处作状语，又因create与主语the statue之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，且create所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前，故填Created。
4．was brought 解析：考查一般过去时的被动语态。由主句可知此处用一般过去时，又因主语she与bring之间是被动关系，故填was brought。
5．which 解析：考查关系代词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，补充说明先行词Pygmalion，且在从句中作主语，故填which。
6．believing 解析：考查动词-ing形式作宾语的用法。设空处作介词by的宾语，故填believing。
7．have been conducted 解析：考查现在完成时的被动语态。由So far可知此处用现在完成时，又因主语studies与conduct之间是被动关系，故填have been conducted。
8．that 解析：考查连接词。设空处引导同位语从句解释说明information的具体内容，且从句意义和成分均完整，故填that。
9．better 解析：考查副词比较级。由are more likely to succeed than other members of the class可知，此处指“those students”确实比其他同学表现更好，故填better。
10．actually 解析：考查副词。设空处修饰动词encourages，故填actually。
课件55张PPT。Unit 1 The written wordUnit 1 The written wordUnit 1 The written wordUnit 1 The written wordUnit 1 The written wordUnit 1 The written wordUnit 1 The written wordUnit 1 The written wordUnit 1 The written wordUnit 1 The written word本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
A卷
阅读理解
A
Australian English began separating from British English shortly after the foundation of the Australian penal colony(罪犯流放地) of New South Wales in 1788. British convicts sent there, including cockneys(伦敦东区的人) from London, came mostly from large English cities. They were joined by free settlers, military personnel and officials, often with their families. However, many of the convicts were Irish, with at least 25% directly from Ireland, and others indirectly via Britain. There were other populations of convicts from non-English speaking areas of Britain, such as the Welsh and Scots. The transportation of convicts to Australia ended in 1868, but immigration of free settlers from Britain, Ireland and elsewhere continued.
The earliest form of Australian English was first spoken by the children of the colonists born into the colony of New South Wales. This very first generation of children created a new dialect that was to become the language of the nation. The Australian-born children in the new colony were exposed to a wide range of different dialects from all over the British Isles, in particular from Ireland and the southeastern part of England.
The native-born children of the colony created the new dialect from factors present in the speech they heard around them, and provided a way for the expression of peer solidarity(一致). Even when new settlers arrived, this new dialect was strong enough to turn away from the influence of other patterns of speech.
Records from the early 19th century indicated the distinctive dialect had appeared in the colony since the first settlement. In 1827 Peter Cunningham, in his book Two Years in New South Wales, described that the native-born colonists spoke with a distinctive accent and vocabulary, with a strong London influence.Anthony Burgess wrote that “Australian English may be thought of as a kind of fossilised(僵化的) cockney(伦敦腔) of the Dickensian era”．
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。介绍澳大利亚英语的形成过程。
1．Who didn’t go to Australia with the convicts?
A．Miners. B．Soldiers.
C．Officials. D．Free settlers.
A 解析：细节理解题。从文章第一段可知，随着囚犯到澳大利亚去的人中没有矿工。
2．Who created the earliest form of Australian English?
A．Convicts sent to Australia.
B．Free settlers into Australia.
C．The native-born children of the colony.
D．People from Ireland and the southeastern part of England.
C 解析：细节理解题。从文章第二段可知，在澳大利亚出生的孩子说话不同于自己的父母，是他们创造了最初的澳大利亚英语。
3．We can learn from the last paragraph that Australian English________．
A．had no identity of its own
B．was formed before the Dickensian era
C．was quite different from British English
D．was greatly influenced by London accent
D 解析：推理判断题。分析文章最后一段可知，两位作者认为澳大利亚英语具有明显的伦敦口音特征。
4．What does the text mainly tell us?
A．Who came to Australia first.
B．How Australia was colonized.
C．How Australian English was formed.
D．What the earliest language in Australia was.
C 解析：主旨大意题。综合全文可知，文章主要说明澳大利亚英语的形成。
B
Experts believe that the best time to teach kids language skills is when they are babies. Most time the task is easily accomplished with parents reading or talking to their babies. However, in some cases that is not possible due to busy work schedules or when kids are born deaf. Now, an adorable blue-eyed robot, a human avatar, and some high-tech neuroscience may be able to assist parents with this important developmental task.
The Robot AVatar thermal-Enhanced system, or RAVE, is the brainchild of a team of researchers led by Laura-Ann Petitto, an educational neuroscientist, at Washington, D．C.’s Gallaudet University. The learning process begins when the robot’s camera, which is focused on the baby’s face, detects tiny changes in his/her body temperature. This, combined with the baby’s facial expression, causes the robot to turn its head and guide the baby’s attention to a computer screen, on which a human avatar starts to communicate with the baby, much like a parent would. For example, if the baby points towards the screen, the avatar might respond，“Are you pointing to me？” and follow that up with a nursery rhyme, fairy tale, or some essential social communication, all in American Sign Language (ASL). The“conversation”continues until the kid loses interest.
The researchers, who have been testing the system for three years, found that babies as young as 6 to 8 months old began to move their hands in a rhythm similar to ASL after interacting with RAVE for just a few minutes. Petitto says natural language, whether communicated through speech or sign, activates the same parts of the brain and believes the rhythmic motions prove the babies are learning the essential elements of communication.
What sets this technique apart from other methods, such as showing educational videos or television shows, is its interactive nature and real-time response to the baby’s actions. The researchers say that while it is too early to determine the system’s long-term influence on baby communication, the initial response has been very encouraging. Next, they plan to introduce an avatar that can both sign and speak to babies.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇科普说明文，主要介绍了一种可以帮助父母教婴儿学习语言的系统，以及该系统的工作原理、效果评价和研究人员对这种技术的展望。
5．What can the RAVE system help parents do?
A．Improve babies’ health condition.
B．Take good care of babies.
C．Develop babies’ language skills.
D．Keep babies company.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“Experts believe that the best time to teach kids language skills is when they are babies.”可知，专家认为教孩子语言技能的最佳时间是孩子的婴儿时期；结合第一段尾句“Now, an adorable blue-eyed robot, a human avatar, and some high-tech neuroscience may be able to assist parents with this important developmental task.”以及第二段中的“The Robot... a team of researchers”可知，RAVE系统可以帮助父母完成教婴儿学习语言的任务，故C项正确。
6．What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about?
A．How babies learn ASL effectively.
B．How parents educate their babies.
C．How robots talk and read to babies.
D．How the RAVE system works.
D 解析：段落大意题。根据第二段第二、三句“The learning...his/her body temperature. This, combined with the baby’s facial expression, causes the robot to turn its head and guide the baby’s attention to a computer screen, on which a human avatar starts to communicate with the baby, much like a parent would.”可知，机器人的摄像头可以检测到婴儿细微的体温变化并与婴儿的面部表情相结合，使机器人转动头部，引导婴儿注意电脑屏幕，在电脑屏幕上，一个人类的形象开始与婴儿交流，就像父母一样；结合全段内容可知，该段主要介绍了RAVE系统的工作原理，故D项正确。
7．What indicates babies are learning with the help of the RAVE system?
A．Interest in videos and TV shows.
B．Changes in their body temperature.
C．Improvement in their natural language.
D．Hand movements in a rhythm like ASL.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“babies as young... a few minutes”可知，在和这种系统交流互动之后，婴儿就会开始以类似于ASL的节奏晃动他们的手，故D项正确。
8．What do the researchers think of the RAVE system?
A．Promising. B．Impractical.
C．Satisfactory. D．Disappointing.
A 解析：观点态度题。根据第四段第二、三句“The researchers say that while it is too early to determine the system’s long-term influence on baby communication, the initial response has been very encouraging. Next, they plan to introduce an avatar that can both sign and speak to babies.”可知，尽管对这种系统培养婴儿交流技能的长期影响进行评价为时过早，但是其初期的表现令人鼓舞，研究人员将在下一步推出可以用手语和口语与婴儿交流的形象。据此可知，研究人员对这种系统的发展是充满着希望的，A项意为“很有前途的，大有希望的”，符合语境，故A项正确。
C
English is an important global language, but that doesn’t mean it’s easy to learn. Many experts have tried to make English easier for students to learn—but they weren’t always successful.
In 1930，Professor C．K.Ogden of Cambridge University invented Basic English. It had only 850 words (and just eighteen verbs) and Ogden said most people could learn it in just thirty hours. The problem was that people who learned Basic English could write and say simple messages, but they couldn’t understand the answers in “real” English. It was also impossible to explain a word if it wasn’t in the Basic English word list.For example，if you wanted a watermelon, you asked for “a large green fruit with the form of an egg, which has a sweet red inside and a good taste”．
R．E. Zachrisson, a university professor in Sweden, decided that the biggest problem for learners of English was spelling, so he invented a language called Anglic. Anglic was similar to English, but with much simpler spelling. “Father” became “faadher”， “new” became “nue” and“years” became “yeerz”. Unfortunately for some students of English, Anglic never became popular.
Even easier is the language which a ship’s captain uses: it’s called “seaspeak”. Seaspeak uses a few simple phrases for every possible situation. In seaspeak, for example you don’t say，“I’m sorry. What did you say？” or “I didn’t understand. Can you repeat that？”It’s just“Say again.” No more grammar.
In the age of international communication through the Internet, a new form of English might appear. A large number of the world’s emails are in English and include examples of“NetLingo”like OIC(Oh, I see) and TTYL (Talk to you later). In another fifty years, English might not exist and we will probably all speak fluent“Internetish”．
【解题导语】 英语是全球性的语言。为了让更多的学生掌握英语，许多专家试图让英语变得更容易学习——但并不是很成功。
9．It will take a person about________ weeks to learn Basic English if he spends two hours learning it every day.
A．six B．four
C．three D．two
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中“...Ogden said most people could learn it in just thirty hours.”可知，每天学习两个小时的话，大约要用两周的时间。
10．According to Professor Zachrisson, what was the biggest problem for learners of English?
A．Grammar. B．Vocabulary.
C．Spelling. D．Speaking.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“R.E.Zachrisson，a university professor in Sweden，decided that the biggest problem for learners of English was spelling...”可知选C项。
11．Which of the following is likely to be Anglic?
A．A graet batl.
B．IOU.
C．Long time no see.
D．Two five, no lights.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中“Anglic was similar to English，but with much simpler spelling.‘Father’ became ‘faadher’，‘new’became‘nue’and‘years’ became ‘yeerz’．”可知选A项。
12．What might happen to English in another fifty years?
A．It might become a global language.
B．It might be replaced by “Internetish”．
C．It might take the place of all other languages.
D．It might become more and more difficult.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据文章最后一句中“In another fifty years，English might not exist and we will probably all speak fluent‘Internetish’．”可知选B项。
七选五
How to Pick a Great Book to Read
The world is full of great books，just waiting to be read. How can you pick one you’ll really like？Here are some tips：
·What makes you happy?
1．________ Are you really into dinosaurs or dogs or a specific person？Are there a few careers you’re interested in？You can find books about almost anything you like，and you’re more likely to enjoy reading a book if you’re already interested in its subject.
·Fact or fiction?
Some books are entirely made up and imagined. Those are called fiction books. Novels，short stories are all examples of fiction. These books can transport you to another world or help you imagine something beyond your own experience.
Non-fiction books give you the who，what，when and why.2.________ Non-fiction books can bring everything to life from the first trip to the moon to what it’s like to explore the deepest oceans.Try both fiction and non-fiction books to see which you like better.
·Find a family favorite.
What was your mother’s favorite book when she was your age？Or your dad’s？3.________ Then you can talk about what they liked about it and share your thoughts.It’s a fun way to get to know your family a little better，and to find a book you’ll enjoy!
·Ask an expert.
4．________ Tell a librarian about your interests—rock stars，sports teams，historical events，whatever you’re into—and the names of some books you already like.Your librarian can help you find other books that you’re sure to love.
·Launch a book swap.
5．________ It’s always fun to see what your friends are reading.Even if they’re not exactly bookworms，you can all encourage each other to read and share books and authors you like.You also can look for book swaps in your area.It’s a great way to build your personal library for free!
A．Ask them and give it a read.
B．Many of them read novels from start to finish.
C．Why not get some friends together and trade favorite books?
D．If you have a favorite hobby，look for books about that activity.
E．They tell stories using facts—but that doesn’t mean they’re boring.
F．Read the passage and decide for yourself whether it seems knowledgeable.
G．Your local library is a great place to find books that you’ll love，and you don’t have to search all by yourself.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了选择课外书的方法，如根据兴趣爱好选择、找到家庭成员的共同爱好等。
1．D 解析：根据本段最后一句和本部分标题“What makes you happy？”可知，本段主要介绍的是要根据自己的兴趣爱好选择喜欢的书；空处为该段总起句，反映该段主题，故D项符合文意。
2．E 解析：根据该部分标题“Fact or fiction？”可知，该部分主要介绍纪实类书籍和虚构类书籍；该部分第一段介绍了虚构类书籍；据此可以判断，第二段将介绍纪实类书籍，故E项符合文意。
3．A 解析：根据空处前两句可知，当你的父母在你的年纪时，他们喜欢哪些书？据此可以判断，空处建议向父母询问并阅读父母喜欢的书，故A项正确。
4．G 解析：根据空处后的“Tell a librarian about your interests”可知，作者建议你告诉图书馆管理员你的兴趣；据此可以判断，空处与图书馆相关，故G项正确。G项的“you don’t have to search all by yourself”与本段的“Your librarian can help you find”相呼应。
5．C 解析：根据空后的“It’s always fun to see what your friends are reading.” “encourage each other to read and share books and authors you like”可知，看朋友正在阅读的书是很有趣的事情，要互相鼓励去阅读和分享你们喜欢的书籍和作者；据此可以判断，C项正确。
B卷
阅读理解
Wild elephants can tell whether a voice comes from a man, a woman or a boy, a new study says. That’s what researchers found when they played recordings of people for elephants in Kenya. Scientists say this is an advanced thinking skill that other animals haven’t shown. It lets elephants figure out who is a threat and who isn’t. The result shows that the clever animals are also studying people, said study author Karen McComb.
“Basically, they have developed this very rich knowledge of the humans that they share their habitat with，”said McComb, a professor at the University of Sussex in England.“Memory is key. They must build up that knowledge somehow.”
The study was released on Monday in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
It’s close to but not quite like the Dr. Seuss book, where the elephant Horton hears something that others can’t hear.
McComb and colleagues went to Amboseli National Park in Kenya, where hundreds of wild elephants live among humans, sometimes coming in conflict over scarce water. The scientists used voice recordings of Maasai men, who on occasion kill elephants, and Kamba men，who are less of a threat to the elephants.
As a result, the elephants reacted more defensively—retreating and gathering in a bunch—to the Maasai language recording because it was associated with the more threatening human tribe，said study co-author Graeme Shannon.
They repeated the experiment with recordings of Maasai men and women. Since women almost never spear elephants，the animals reacted less defensively to the women’s voices. The same thing happened when they substituted young boys’ voices.“Making this kind of fine distinctions in human voice patterns is quite remarkable，”said Emory University animal cognition expert Frans de Waal，who was not part of the study.
【解题导语】 研究表明野生大象能够识别男、女和男孩的声音，它们通过思维区分声音并判断谁能对他们产生威胁。
1．Who were the people taking part in the study?
A．Frans de Waal and Karen McComb.
B．Dr.Seuss and Graeme Shannon.
C．Graeme Shannon and Frans de Waal.
D．Karen McComb and Graeme Shannon.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“study author Karen McComb”和第六段中的“study co-author Graeme Shannon”可知，Karen McComb和Graeme Shannon都参加了研究，故选D项。
2．What can wild elephants benefit from their special ability?
A．Identifying and avoiding possible danger.
B．Growing much faster than any other animals.
C．Having a better understanding of humans.
D．Developing their language skills.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“Scientists say this is an advanced thinking skill that other animals haven’t shown. It lets elephants figure out who is a threat and who isn’t.”可知，这种高等的思维方式使野象能够分辨出谁能对他们造成威胁，这样它们可以避免可能的危险，故A项是正确的。
3．Which can replace the underlined word “substituted” in the last paragraph?
A．distinguished B．repeated
C．used D．compared
C 解析：词义猜测题。画线词所在句中的“The same thing happened”指的是前一句中的“the animals reacted less defensively to the women’s voices”，画线词所在句讲的是野象对年轻男孩的声音做出的反应，说明当时研究者在对野象播放年轻男孩的声音，故选C项。
4．What does the passage mainly talk about?
A．Wild elephants can distinguish human languages.
B．The conflict between humans and wild elephants is growing.
C．Wild elephants use language skills to make discrimination.
D．Wild elephants can build up good memory and learn tricks.
A 解析：主旨大意题。根据文章第一句中的“Wild elephants can tell whether a voice comes from a man，a woman or a boy”和全文内容可知，野象能够通过人的声音区分不同人类群体的性别和年龄，故选A项(野象能够区分人类的语言)。
完形填空
It was an unforgettable weekend. I had a great time at the 1 ．However，after I reached home, I noticed my owl necklace was 2 ．I was so anxious that I 3 every room in the house，but my efforts were 4 vain.Then I decided to head back to the beach. My husband thought I was 5 ，as the huge beach was nine miles from our home. How could I 6 one tiny necklace？What if it came off in the ocean？I was 7 to even consider that as a possibility. I knew I had to try.
After searching for several hours at the beach，I 8 an elderly man with a metal detector(探测器) in his hand. I 9 up to him and asked whether he had come across a necklace. He opened his hand and showed me his 10 —some coins. He said if he saw my necklace he would 11 return it to me. I also wanted him to have enough 12 to mail it so I gave him a $5 bill and told him my name and my address. Then I left.
My husband 13 me and said that he would buy me a new one. But I turned down his nice 14 ，as that necklace couldn’t be 15 ．It was my dad who had found a special way to give me that 16 necklace.There had been a yard sale in my community. Among the things that were put on 17 he found the necklace. Unable to 18 it，my dad offered to build a bookshelf for the owner as a(n) 19 ．
Unexpectedly，three days later，I received a package. Inside were a $5 bill and my owl necklace. The moment I saw the necklace，I couldn’t help 20 ．
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在沙滩上把自己的项链丢失了，后又回到沙滩上寻找，但没有找到，最后项链被海滩上带探测器的老人找到并寄给作者的故事。
1．A．campus B．beach
C．library D．museum
B 解析：根据下文的“Then I decided to head back to the beach.”可知，这里应该指的是在沙滩上。
2．A．broken B．stolen
C．lost D．disappearing
C 解析：根据下文作者后来又去沙滩上找项链可知，此处应指项链丢失了。lost“丢失的”，符合语境。
3．A．searched B．cleaned
C．occupied D．measured
A 解析：根据上下文可知，项链丢失了，此处应该是在家里找。searched表示“寻找”，符合语境。cleaned“弄干净”；occupied“占据”；measured“测量”。
4．A．for B．with
C．in D．at
C 解析：根据下文的“Then I decided to head back to the beach.”可知，在家里没有找到。in vain表示“徒劳；白费功夫”，符合语境。
5．A．curious B．anxious
C．careless D．crazy
D 解析：根据下文的“as the huge beach was nine miles from our home”可知，沙滩很大并且离家那么远。故在作者决定去沙滩寻找项链时，丈夫认为作者发疯了(crazy)。curious“好奇的”；anxious“焦虑的；不安的”；careless“粗心的”。
6．A．find out B．locate
C．describe D．observe
B 解析：此处表示在一个沙滩上找一个微小的东西。locate表示“确定……的位置；定位”，符合语境，故选B项。find out“查明”，一般宾语是抽象的东西；describe“描述”；observe“观察”。
7．A．unable B．eager
C．prepared D．unwilling
D 解析：前一句说项链有可能掉进了海里，这样的话，项链就不能找到了。作者显然是不愿意这种情况发生的，所以选D项。
8．A．rescued B．noticed
C．admired D．hired
B 解析：作者寻找了几个小时后，不经意间看到(noticed)一个手里拿着金属探测器的老人。rescued“拯救”；admired“羡慕”；hired“雇用”。
9．A．raced B．walked
C．crawled D．approached
A 解析：根据上下文可知，作者急切地想找到项链，所以跑向了老人。raced“快速移动”；walked“走”；crawled“爬”；approached“接近”。
10．A．achievement B．equipment
C．charge D．priority
A 解析：根据上文提到的老人手里拿着金属探测器可知，他在沙滩上寻找东西；再根据作者问他是否看到一条项链时，他摊开手，手上只有几个硬币，且根据破折号可知， 这里应该用achievement“成就”。equipment“设备”；charge“费用”；priority“优先(权)”。
11．A．randomly B．gratefully
C．gladly D．sincerely
C 解析：根据下文老人把找到的项链还给作者可以推知，老人此时说的应该是如果看见项链他会乐意(gladly)把它归还给作者。randomly“随机地”；gratefully“感激地”；sincerely“真诚地”。
12．A．time B．postage
C．reason D．ability
B 解析：根据空后的“to mail it so I gave him a $5 bill and told him my name and my address”可知，作者给他邮资(postage)让他邮寄项链。
13．A．promised B．reminded
C．blamed D．comforted
D 解析：根据上下文可知，找不到项链的作者非常着急，丈夫要给作者买一条新的，这应该是安慰作者的话，故选D。comforted“安慰”，符合语境。promised“承诺”；reminded“提醒”；blamed“责备”。
14．A．gesture B．invitation
C．assistance D．comment
A 解析：本段第一句是丈夫安慰作者的话，只是丈夫展现的一个姿态(gesture)，nice gesture表示“友好的表示”。gesture“(表明感情或意图的)姿态；表示”；invitation“邀请”；assistance“帮助，援助”；comment“评论”。
15．A．compared B．decorated
C．replaced D．recognized
C 解析：根据上文的“But I turned down his nice______”和下文的“It was my dad who had found a special way to give me that ______necklace.”可知，这条项链是其他项链无法替代的。compared“比较”；decorated“装饰”；recognized“认出”。
16．A．similar B．precious
C．temporary D．expensive
B 解析：根据上下文可知，那条项链很珍贵(precious)。similar“相似的”；temporary“暂时的”；expensive“昂贵的”。
17．A．schedule B．occasion
C．approval D．display
D 解析：根据“There had been a yard sale in my community. Among the things that were put on ______ he found the necklace.”可知，当时社区在进行庭院旧货出售，既然父亲发现那条项链，说明当时那条项链在展出(on display)。on schedule“按计划时间”；on occasion“间或”；on approval“供试用的，包退换的”。
18．A．afford B．devote
C．preserve D．repair
A 解析：根据下文的“my dad offered to build a bookshelf for the owner”可知，当时父亲买不起那条项链，afford“承担得起……的费用”，符合语境。devote“献身”；preserve“保持”；repair“修理”。
19．A．advantage B．decision
C．exchange D．reward
C 解析：既然买不起，父亲提出给项链的主人做一个书架以换取那条项链。advantage“优势”；decision“决定”；reward“奖赏”。
20．A．laughing B．screaming
C．exciting D．crying
D 解析：根据上文内容可知，作者的那条项链意义特殊，对作者来说非常珍贵，老人把它和作者给他的五美元邮寄费一起寄来，作者忍不住哭(crying)了起来。
语法填空
The “Pygmalion effect” is a theory saying that people will act or behave 1.____________ the way that others expect them to. The effect has its origins in a classic Greek story: Pygmalion, a(n) 2.____________ (talent) sculptor, created a statue of a beautiful woman and fell in love with it. He asked the goddess Venus to give life to the statue, and his wish was granted. 3.____________ (create) according to Pygmalion’s idea of a perfect woman, the statue fulfilled his expectations when she 4.____________ (bring) to life. He married her and they had a happy life together.
English playwright George Bernard Shaw expanded on this idea in his popular play Pygmalion, 5.____________ served as the inspiration for the better known My Fair Lady. In these dramas(戏剧), a professor transforms a lower-class flower girl into an upper-class lady by 6.____________ (believe) in her and expecting the best of her.
So far, many studies 7.____________(conduct) on the Pygmalion effect in the classroom. Teachers are given information 8.____________ certain students are more likely to succeed than other members of the class. They often find that those students do perform 9.____________(well), even if they are not advantaged. That’s because the teachers’ words, body language and tone of voice convey positive expectations to those students. That 10.____________(actual) encourages them.
1．in 解析：考查介词。in...way意为“以……的方式”。
2．talented 解析：考查形容词作定语的用法。设空处作定语，意为“有才华的”，故填talented。
3．Created 解析：考查过去分词作状语的用法。设空处作状语，又因create与主语the statue之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，且create所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前，故填Created。
4．was brought 解析：考查一般过去时的被动语态。由主句可知此处用一般过去时，又因主语she与bring之间是被动关系，故填was brought。
5．which 解析：考查关系代词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，补充说明先行词Pygmalion，且在从句中作主语，故填which。
6．believing 解析：考查动词-ing形式作宾语的用法。设空处作介词by的宾语，故填believing。
7．have been conducted 解析：考查现在完成时的被动语态。由So far可知此处用现在完成时，又因主语studies与conduct之间是被动关系，故填have been conducted。
8．that 解析：考查连接词。设空处引导同位语从句解释说明information的具体内容，且从句意义和成分均完整，故填that。
9．better 解析：考查副词比较级。由are more likely to succeed than other members of the class可知，此处指“those students”确实比其他同学表现更好，故填better。
10．actually 解析：考查副词。设空处修饰动词encourages，故填actually。
Section Ⅱ Welcome to the unit & Reading—Language Points
recommend vt.推荐，推举，介绍；劝告；夸奖，称赞
(教材P1)If you were asked to recommend a book to a friend, what book would you choose?
如果要求你向朋友推荐一本书，你将会选择什么书？
(1)recommend sb./sth.to sb. 向某人推荐某人/某物
recommend sb.to do sth 劝说某人做某事
recommend that...(should) do sth 劝说某人做某事
recommend sb.for sth 推荐某人担任……
recommend doing sth 建议做某事
(2)recommendation n 正式建议；提议
①It was really annoying; I couldn’t get access to the data bank you had recommended.
这真的很让人恼火，我无法使用你推荐的那个数据库。
②The doctor strongly recommended limiting(limit) the amount of fat in my diet.
医生强烈建议我限制饮食中脂肪的含量。
③The doctor recommended_me_to_have a good rest.
医生劝我好好休息。
adaptation n. 改编，改写；适应，改变
(教材P2)Three years later, in 1998, a modern adaptation of Charles Dickens’s novel Great Expectations appeared in cinemas.
三年后，在1998年，一部查尔斯·狄更斯小说《远大前程》的现代改编剧出现在电影院。
(1)make an adaptation to 适应……
(2)adapt vi. (使)适应；(使)适合
vt. 改编；修改
adapt (oneself) to... 使(某人)适应……
adapt sth. for... 把……改编成……
adapt sth. from... 由……改编……
①We believe that he can make a quick adaptation to the new environment.
＝We believe that he can adapt_to the new environment soon.
我们相信他能很快适应新环境。
②The author set out to adapt his play for a TV series.
作者着手把他的剧本改编成电视剧。
abuse vt.滥用；虐待；辱骂
n．滥用；虐待；辱骂；恶习
(教材P3)Pip’s sister often abuses him，but Joe is a kind and simple man who would rather die than see any harm come to Pip.
皮普的姐姐经常辱骂他，但乔却是一个善良淳朴的人，他宁愿死也不愿看到皮普受到任何伤害。
(1)abuse a privilege 滥用特权
abuse one’s power 滥用权力
abuse one’s confidence 辜负了某人的信任
(2)alcohol abuse 酗酒
drug abuse 嗜毒
child abuse 虐待儿童
an abuse of... 滥用……
(3)abuser n. 滥用者
①The famous star was arrested for abusing drugs.
这位著名的明星因为滥用毒品被逮捕。
②Some government officials abused_their_power and wound up in prison.
一些政府官员滥用职权， 最终进入监狱。
③What she did was an abuse(abuser) of her position as manager.
她的所作所为是在滥用经理职权。
desperate adj.铤而走险的，拼命的，绝望的；非常需要，渴望
(教材P3)Pip, who is seven years old when the story begins, is in a foggy cemetery when a desperate criminal appears and frightens him.
故事开始时，七岁的皮普正在一个薄雾笼罩的墓地中，就在这时一个穷凶极恶的罪犯突然出现了并恐吓他。
(1)be desperate for sth. 非常需要/渴望某事
be desperate to do sth. 渴望做某事
(2)desperately adv. 拼命地，绝望地
①I was absolutely desperate to see her. 我极想见她。
②He was so desperate for a job that he would have done anything.
他当时太想找份工作了，什么事情都愿意干。
③A birdwatcher，armed with a telescope，found the pet sitting desperately(desperate) on a rock.
一名带有望远镜的观鸟人士发现这只宠物绝望地坐在岩石上。
④He was desperate when he lost all his money.
当丢了所有的钱时他绝望了。
[巧学活用]——用desperate的适当形式填空
(1)When she saw a car coming，she tried desperately to push the boy away.
(2)The situation was desperate but not hopeless.
(3) She becomes more and more desperate in the days of desperation，but she still saves the situation desperately．
generous adj. 慷慨的，大方的；宽宏大量的；宽厚的，仁慈的
(教材P3)There is a twist in the plot when a very generous stranger gives Pip a large fortune.
当一位非常慷慨的陌生人赠予了皮普一大笔财富的时候，故事情节发生了转折。
(1)be generous with 对于……很慷慨
be generous in 在……慷慨
be generous to 对……大方
be generous of 对……宽宏大量
(2)generously adv. 慷慨地，大方地
generosity n. 慷慨
①Your uncle is very generous to pay your tuition to learn driving.
你叔叔真慷慨，为你付学车的学费。
②He is generous with his money. 他花钱大方。
③It was very generous of you, I think, to forgive what she had done to you.
我认为你非常宽宏大量，原谅了她对你做过的事情。
④Buffett and Bill Gates are the world’s most generous philanthropists.
巴菲特和比尔·盖茨是世界上最慷慨的慈善家。
[巧学活用]——完成句子
(1)没有你的慷慨帮助，我不可能熬过那段痛苦的日子。
I couldn’t have gone through that bitter period without your_generous_help．
(2)他毫不吝啬自己的时间，主动为我们提供帮助，所以我们都对他感激不尽。
He_is_generous_with_his_time in offering help to us, for which we feel grateful.
(3)你如此善良和慷慨地帮助我，我不胜感激。
It’s kind and generous_of_you to do this for me and I do appreciate it more than I can say.
fortune n．财产；机会；运气；大笔的钱
(经典例句)Mr.Parker worked in a small company for two years and then he went abroad to seek his fortune.
帕克先生在一家小公司里工作了两年，然后就出国碰运气了。
(1)seek/try one’s fortune 找出路；碰运气
make a fortune 发财
(2)fortunate adj. 幸运的；侥幸的(＝lucky)
be fortunate to do sth. 有幸做某事
(3)fortunately adv. 幸运地(＝luckily)
①Nowadays many young people dream of making a fortune in big cities. 现在许多年轻人梦想在大城市里发财。
②She was fortunate(fortune) enough to find a job as soon as she graduated from the university.
她大学一毕业就找到了工作，真是幸运。
[巧学活用]——词汇升级
现在在我们社会里，有很多年轻人梦想不通过努力工作就可发大财。
低频词汇：
Now there are many young men in our society dreaming of make a lot of money without hard work.
高频词汇：
Now there are many young men in our society dreaming of making_a_fortune without hard work.
vain adj. 自负的， 虚荣的；徒劳的，无结果的
(教材P3)...and before long he becomes vain and ashamed of his background.
……不久他变得爱慕虚荣， 而且因他的背景而感到羞愧。
in vain 枉费心机；白费力气
in a vain attempt to do 无法……
①He is vain of his learning. 他对自己的学问很自负。
②She is a_vain_woman． 她是个爱慕虚荣的女人。
③This is a_vain_attempt． 这是一次徒劳的尝试。
④As an inexperienced teacher, I tried every means to get them to be quiet, but in_vain.
作为一名经验不足的老师，我试了各种方法使他们安静，但都是徒劳的。
live up to 达到，符合(期望)；履行(诺言)
(教材P5)However, if you liked the book, you should probably not be too eager to see the film, as it is not likely to live up to your great expectations.
然而，如果你喜欢这本书，你可能不会非常急切地想要看到这个电影，因为它不太可能达到你的期望。
live on 以……为主食；靠……为生；继续存在
live with 忍受，容忍；与……生活在一起
live through 经历过，度过
①You must live up to your promise.
你必须践行自己的诺言。
②We are too young to have lived through the war.
我们太年轻，没经历过那场战争。
③I just had to learn to live with the pain.
我不得不学会忍受痛苦。
(教材P2)They are novels, plays and poems that were written a long time ago and were so well written that people still read them nowadays.
它们是很久以前创作的小说、戏剧和诗歌。这些作品写得如此好以至于今天人们仍然在阅读它们。
(1)本句是一个复合句。第一个that引导的是定语从句，修饰先行词novels, plays and poems。而so...that...引导结果状语从句，意为“如此……以至于……”。
(2)so/such...that...引导结果状语从句的句型结构为：
so＋adj./adv.＋that
so＋adj.＋a(n)＋单数可数名词＋that
so＋many/few＋复数可数名词＋that
so＋much/little(少)＋不可数名词＋that
such＋a(n)＋adj.＋单数可数名词＋that
such＋adj.＋复数可数名词/不可数名词＋that
①As a consequence, children become so reliant on their parents that they have no independent thoughts or creative ideas.
结果，孩子们变得如此依赖他们的父母，以至于他们没有独立的想法或创意。
②It was so hot a day that nobody wanted to do anything.
＝It was such_a_hot_day_that nobody wanted to do anything. 天气如此热， 谁也不想干活。
③I made so many mistakes in the composition that the teacher criticized me.
我的作文中出了太多错误， 老师批评了我。
[巧学活用]——一句多译
我们做得那么好以至于被邀请与全校同学分享观点和经验。
(1)We did so_well_that we were invited to share our idea and experience with all the students of our school.
(2)So_well_did_we_do_that we were invited to share our idea and experience with all the students of our school.(倒装)
(教材P2)This makes them difficult for some people to read, so they are often left to gather dust on shelves.
这使得一些人阅读它们有困难，所以它们常被搁置在书架上落满了灰尘。
(1)该句使用了“make ＋ n．/pron.＋ adj.”复合结构句型，形容词在此结构中作宾语补足语，该结构相当于make it ＋ adj.＋ for sb.＋ to do sth.。
(2)make＋宾语＋宾补
(1)当宾语是不定式短语或从句时，多用it作形式宾语。
(2)在被动语态中，此类结构中省略的动词不定式中的to要还原。
(3)宾语补足语是表示官衔、职务的名词时，名词前不加冠词。
①What you have done makes it possible for you to get the position.
你的所作所为使你得到这个职位成为可能。
②Like floor wax, the oil made the floors shiny(shine) and helped protect the wood.
像地板蜡一样，这种油能使地板发亮，有助于保护木料。
③There was so much noise in the classroom that I couldn’t make myself heard(hear)．
教室里如此吵闹，我无法使别人听到我说话的声音。
④The teacher made him do(do) the cleaning for a week as punishment.
老师罚他打扫卫生一周。
⑤He was made to_clean(clean) the room again.
他被迫再打扫一次房间。
(教材P3)Pip’s sister often abuses him，but Joe is a kind and simple man who would rather die than see any harm come to Pip.
皮普的姐姐经常辱骂他，但乔却是一个善良淳朴的人，他宁愿死也不愿看到皮普受到任何伤害。
(1)本句是一个并列复合句。but连接并列句；who为关系代词，引导定语从句，修饰先行词man；would rather do...than do...宁愿……而不愿……，用以表达主语的意愿，强调经过选择后做其中一件事，而不愿做另一件事。
(2)“宁愿做……而不愿做……”其他表达方式有：
would do...rather than do...
prefer to do...rather than do...
prefer doing...to doing...
(3)would rather后面跟动词原形，其否定形式为：
would rather not do...宁愿不做……；would rather后面跟从句时，从句要用虚拟语气。如果与现在事实或将来事实相反，从句的谓语动词用过去式；如果与过去事实相反， 从句的谓语动词用过去完成式。
①I would rather solve the problem myself than turn to my classmates for help.
我宁愿自己解决问题而不愿向同学求助。
②David prefers to_play(play) computer games at home rather than go out for a picnic.
戴维宁愿待在家里打游戏而不愿出去野餐。
③I would rather you attended(attend) his birthday party tomorrow.
我宁愿你明天参加他的生日晚会。
④I would rather I had_not_said(not say) that yesterday.
我宁愿昨天没说那些话。
(教材P3)Pip dislikes it when Joe comes to visit him in London. 当乔来伦敦看他时，皮普并不高兴。
(1)这是it作形式宾语的句子，真正的宾语是后面的从句。
(2)it作形式宾语：
①当主句谓语动词是表示喜恶的动词，如like, dislike, hate, appreciate, prefer, 且后面有when或if引导的从句时，一般把it放在主句谓语动词后面，后面再接从句。
②see to, depend on, lie in等由动词和介词构成的动词短语后接that宾语从句时，先加it作形式宾语，再接that从句。
①I’d appreciate it if you could do me a favor.
如果你能帮我忙的话，我将不胜感激。
②I like it when she sings a song for me.
我喜欢她为我唱歌。
③You must see to it that all the goods measure up to the specifications.
你们得保证所有商品都符合规格。
④You may depend on it that he will help you.
你可以指望他来帮助你。
品句填词
The author is going to ____________(改编) his script for television.
答案：adapt
His political reputation was tainted because he ____________(滥用) his power.
答案：abused
We had no food left at all and were getting ____________(绝望的)．
答案：desperate
I had the operation on the ____________(建议) of my doctor.
答案：recommendation
The car followed the ____________(急转弯) and turns of the mountain road.
答案：twists
Everybody likes Jack very much because he is ____________(慷慨的) in giving help.
答案：generous
Men can be just as ____________(虚荣的) as women.
答案：vain
Betty finds it hard to keep to the school’s ____________(严格的) rules.
答案：rigid
9．Genes determine the ____________(特征) of every living things.
答案：characteristics
10．Is it possible to separate truth from ____________(虚构)？
答案：fiction
单句改错
1．I recommend that he sees a lawyer for advice.____________________
答案：sees→see
2．Can you adapt yourself for a new job？____________________
答案：for→to
3．We promise that their efforts and sacrifice will not have been for vain.____________________
答案：for→in
4．You should make a rule to leave things where you can find them again.____________________
答案：在make后加it
5．I prefer to study English at home rather than to watch the match.____________________
答案：去掉第二个to
完成句子
我为了一个约会而被迫等了两个小时。
I was made ____________ two hours for an appointment.
答案：to wait
她不喜欢别人和她谈话的时候眼睛朝别的地方看。
She ____________ when people talk with her with their eyes looking aside.
答案：dislikes it
3．她宁愿自己死去，也不愿失去孩子们。
She ________________________ the children.
→She ____________________________________ the children.
→She ________________________ the children.
答案：would rather die than lose；prefers to die rather than lose；prefers dying to losing
4．我真希望看过这部电影。
I’d rather I ____________ the film.
答案：had seen
课文语法填空
As we all know, classics are the antiques of the literary world. They are examples of great writing and wisdom, and even those 1.____________(write) centuries ago can still 2.____________(find) in bookshops and libraries today. Even some films are 3.____________(base) on them. Charles Dickens is one of England’s 4.____________(great) writers. Great Expectations is one of his famous 5.____________(novel). The story begins when Pip is seven.There is a twist in the plot 6.____________ a very generous stranger gives Pip a large fortune. Pip moves to London. Money and 7.____________(educate) have changed him. He becomes vain and ashamed of his background and even dislikes 8.____________ when Joe comes to visit him because Joe isn’t a gentleman. He wins Estella’s love.9.____________ later Pip changes a lot. He learns 10.____________(happy) and friends are more important than wealth.
答案：1.written 2.be found 3.based 4.greatest 5.novels 6.when 7.education 8.it 9.But 10.happiness
A卷
单句语法填空
1．Because of the bad weather，I recommended ____________(put) off the sport meet.
答案：putting
2．I prefer ____________(stay) at home rather than go to see a film.
答案：to stay
3．The teacher raised his voice so that he could make himself ____________(hear)．
答案：heard
4．The weather was so cold ____________ they had to stay at home.
答案：that
5．My aunt lived ____________ the worst years of the depression.
答案：through
6．We tried many ways to argue him into following our advice, but ____________ vain.
答案：in
7．What I shall never forget is your ____________(generous)．
答案：generosity
8．The man lost in the desert was desperate ____________ water.
答案：for
9．This movie is an ____________(adapt) from a real story.
答案：adaptation
10．The doctor strongly recommended that he ____________(take) a holiday.
答案：(should) take
阅读理解
A home science experiment recently took the world by storm. Two teens from Toronto, in Canada, sent a Lego man rising above the Earth and captured their tiny astronaut’s trip on film.
Mathew Ho and Asad Muhammad, both 17, used a weather balloon to launch their plastic lego model 16 miles above the Earth. This is inside a part of Earth’s atmosphere.
The two teens were inspired by a similar project performed by students at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT). The MIT students had launched a weather balloon with a camera into near space and taken many unusual images of the Earth. Mathew and Asad then spent four months figuring out how to launch their own spacecraft into the space.
Traveling to space is expensive for NASA, but Mathew and Asad worked hard to keep their costs down. They bought much of their equipment used and even sewed the Lego man’s parachute(降落伞) by hand. In total, the project cost only $400.
“We had a lot of anxiety on launch day because there were high winds when we were going up，” Mathew told reporters. They had to pump extra helium(氦) into the balloon so that it would rise quickly and avoid being blown too far off course by the strong winds.
The toy astronaut’s journey lasted 97 minutes before the balloon broke and he fell back to Earth. Mathew and Asad then spent two weekends looking for their spacecraft. It had landed 76 miles away from the launch site.
The student scientists are currently finishing up their final year of high school and applying for colleges. They are also looking into more do-it-yourself space projects.
“I guess the sky is not really the limit anymore，” Mathew told reporters. “We never knew we’d get this far. It’s been a lesson for us that hard work pays off.”
【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了两个青少年利用气象气球把他们的玩具乐高人送到太空的过程和结果。
1．By saying “took the world by storm” in the first paragraph, the writer meant the experiment ________．
A．destroyed the world
B．flooded the world
C．fascinated the world
D．managed the world
C 解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段的第二句话可知两个青少年把一个玩具乐高人送入了太空，并把过程拍了下来，因此作者想要表达的是这个试验吸引了世人的目光。
2．Which of the following about the students at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is RIGHT?
A．They were examples for Mathew Ho and Asad Muhammad.
B．They helped Mathew Ho and Asad Muhammad to achieve dream.
C．They launched weather balloon together with Mathew Ho and Asad Muhammad.
D．They studied with Mathew Ho and Asad Muhammad in the same school.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第三段的第一句话可知选A。
3．How did Mathew and Asad keep their costs down?
A．By sewing the weather balloon themselves.
B．By borrowing spacecraft from the MIT students.
C．By making their spacecraft by hand.
D．By using second-hand equipment.
D 解析：细节理解题。结合文章第四段的第二句话可知他们使用二手的设备来节省费用。
4．What problems did Mathew and Asad have on launch day?
A．They ran out of helium.
B．The wind was too strong.
C．The balloon suddenly broke.
D．Their spacecraft was blown away.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第五段中的“We had a lot of anxiety on launch day because there were high winds when we were going up”可知，在他们进行发射的那天遇到的问题是风比较大。
完形填空
In February of 2005, Phil Belfiore was teaching one of Robert Frost’s poems “Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening”. He liked it that he recorded it on his home answering machine, which would lead to one of the most unusual 1 of his life.
When Phil returned from Easter vacation, he listened to his voice 2 . One gentleman caller 3 for dialing the wrong number. But, he added, he’d really 4 the poem. Phil laughed and thought nothing more of it— 5 the phone rang a few days later.
Phil 6 John’s hollow voice immediately, who said sorry to 7 ， but he was calling to hear the 8 again. The two men talked. It turned out that his brother’s phone number was 9 from Phil’s by one digit(数字), thus the wrong number. Before hanging up, Phil told John to 10 anytime, whether to hear the poem or just to have a chat.
That was 11 years ago. They’ve spoken on the phone a few times a month ever since. It is John who is 11 the starter of most calls. However, Phil will ring if a long while has passed. Not 12 ， John has been in poor health. His special voice is just the 13 of some heart trouble. They seem to always 14 when there’s been a big sports event. The men like to discuss 15 most. John will also 16 Phil about his life. Slowly, their conversations have grown much more 17 . When asked what drew them together, Phil 18 that they were told friends. They planned to meet twice, but circumstances went 19 them. Their friendship is based on the simple act of picking up the phone. “My best friend is someone I’ve not yet met 20 ，” says John. It’s as simple as that.
【解题导语】 文章介绍Phil和John通过一首诗歌结识，只是通过电话交流的特殊友谊。
1．A．receptions B．considerations
C．conversations D．friendships
D 解析：根据下文“My best friend”可知，Phil Belfiore将最喜欢的诗句录在电话留言上，这导致他一生最不寻常的友谊。friendships友谊。故选D。
2．A．news B．messages
C．information D．reports
B 解析：根据上文“He liked it that he recorded it on his home answering machine，”可知，Phil复活节假期回来的时候，他听留言信息。messages信息。故选B。
3．A．apologized B．complained
C．greeted D．asked
A 解析：根据下文“dialing the wrong number”可知，一个绅士留言为打错电话道歉。apologized道歉。故选A。
4．A．preferred B．noticed
C．enjoyed D．heard
C 解析：句意：但是他补充说他真地喜欢这首诗。enjoyed喜欢，享受。故选C。
5．A．when B．before
C．after D．until
D 解析：句意：Phil笑了，没有多想这件事——直到几天后电话再次响起。否定词和until搭配，意为：直到……才……故选D。
6．A．heard B．knew
C．answered D．recognized
D 解析：Phil立刻就认出John的空洞的声音。recognized识别出，故选D。
7．A．phone B．bother
C．come D．express
B 解析：根据“sorry”可知，John为打扰Phil道歉。bother打扰。故选B。
8．A．voice B．song
C．poem D．ring
C 解析：根据上文“But, he added, he’d really ... the poem.”可知，John是来听这首诗的。poem诗歌。故选C。
9．A．broken away B．different
C．kept away D．far
B 解析：根据下文“thus the wrong number”可知，John哥哥的电话和Phil的电话不同，差了一个号码。different不同。故选B。
10．A．call back B．call off
C．call on D．call for
A 解析：根据下文“whether to hear the poem or just to have a chat”可知，Phil让John随时都可以打电话来。call back回电话。故选A。
11．A．still B．even
C．ever D．never
A 解析：句意：John仍然是开始打大部分电话的人。still仍然。故选A。
12．A．angrily B．surprisingly
C．excitedly D．proudly
B 解析：根据下文“John has been in poor health.”可知，John身体状况差一点不令人惊讶。surprisingly令人惊讶。故选B。
13．A．contribution B．expectation
C．instruction D．situation
A 解析：句意：他的特殊声音是因为一些心脏问题导致的。contribution贡献，导致的原因。故选A。
14．A．arrive B．get together
C．connect D．come around
C 解析：根据下文“when there’s been a big sports event”可知，当有重大的体育赛事的时候，他们还会联系。connect联系。故选C。
15．A．changes B．friends
C．interest D．football
D 解析：根据上文“when there’s been a big sports event”可知，他们最喜欢谈论足球(football)。故选D。
16．A．teach B．update
C．visit D．interview
B 解析：John也给Phil提供他生活的最新信息。update提供最新信息。故选B。
17．A．formal B．special
C．unusual D．personal
D 解析：根据上文“...Phil about his life”可知，他们的对话越来越私密了。personal私密的。故选D。
18．A．said B．informed
C．decided D．announced
A 解析：根据下文“they were told friends”可知，这是Phil说的话。say说。故选A。
19．A．with B．for
C．against D．on
C 解析：根据上文“They planned to meet twice，”和but可知，情况对他们不利。go against对……不利。故选C。
20．A．by accident B．on business
C．in person D．for convenience
C 解析：根据上文“update”可知，Phil和John只是通过电话联系，还没有亲自见过面。in person亲自。故选C。
B卷
阅读理解
A
(2019·成都高二期末)Isabel has turned down two job offers in the past year. The first job she considered was the director of HR for a company in Utah. After the initial interviews，she felt the job fit her except for the location. Still，she flew west to meet the hiring manager. The hiring manager explained that Isabel was the top candidate for the job but that，before she continued with the process，she should better understand the firm’s culture. She directed Isabel to several videos of the company’s CEO，who regularly appeared in front of the company in costume as part of morale building exercises and expected his senior leaders to do the same.“Even though I was desperate for a job，I knew I couldn’t do that，” Isabel says. She called the company to turn down the job and explained that she didn’t feel there was a cultural fit.
A few months later，she had an interview for another job：a director of employee relations at a local university. After several interviews，the hiring manager told her the job was hers if she wanted it. The job had many positives：it provided a low stress environment，it offered great benefits，and the university was an employee friendly place. But the job was relatively junior despite the title and Isabel worried it wouldn’t be challenging enough. Finally，she turned it down.“It would be great to have a pay check and great benefits but I would definitely have trouble sleeping at night，” she says.
In both cases，she was frank with the hiring managers about why she wasn’t taking the jobs.“In the past，it felt like dating，and I was worried about hurting people’s feelings，”she says. However，they appreciated her frankness and thanked her for her honesty. She says it was hard to turn down the jobs and it was a risk for her financially but she felt she had to.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述了Isabel拒绝两份工作的经历和感想。
1．Which factor made Isabel turn down the first job finally?
A．The company’s location.
B．The initial interviews.
C．The firm’s culture.
D．The hiring manager.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“She called the company to turn down the job and explained that she didn’t feel there was a cultural fit.”可知，Isabel认为这种企业文化不适合自己，所以拒绝了这份工作，故C项正确。
2．What does the underlined word “junior” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A．Challenging. B．Easy.
C．Beneficial. D．Stressful.
B 解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句“But the job was relatively junior despite the title and Isabel worried it wouldn’t be challenging enough.”可知，尽管这份工作的头衔不错，但是Isabel担心这份工作没有足够的挑战性，即这份工作相对容易；据此可以判断，画线词意为“容易的”，故B项正确。
3．What is the most important thing for Isabel in job hunting?
A．Being truthful to others.
B．A job with a stable income.
C．A relaxing working atmosphere.
D．Avoiding hurting people’s feelings.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段倒数第二句“However，they appreciated her frankness and thanked her for her honesty.”可知，虽然Isabel拒绝了这两份工作，但是人事部经理仍然欣赏她的坦率，并感谢她的诚实；据此可知，Isabel在寻找工作时诚实待人是她最重要的品质，故A项正确。
4．The above text is most likely intended for the________．
A．director of HR B．librarian
C．doctor D．artist
A 解析：推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了Isabel拒绝人力资源总监和大学员工关系主管这两份工作的经历和感想；据此可以判断，人力资源总监会从她的经历中得到启示，故A项正确。
B
Teens want to be with people their own age—their peers. Teens spend more time with their peers. With peers, teens can be both connected and independent and develop identities of their own. While families may help teens in feeling proud and confident, peers are often more accepting of their feelings and thoughts.
The influence of peers is of great importance in your teen’s life. Whether you like it or not, the opinions of your teen’s peers often carry more weight than yours.
At its best, peers can act as positive role models. Peer pressure can arouse your teen’s enthusiasm, mobilize your teen’s energy, and encourage your teen to follow healthy behavior.
The need for acceptance and belonging is vital during the teen years. Teens who feel isolated or rejected by their peers are more likely to engage in risky behavior in order to fit in with a group. In such situations, peer pressure can weaken a teen’s judgment and contribute to unhealthy behavior. If your teen associates with people who are using drugs or displaying self-destructive behavior, then your teen is probably doing the same.
We all want our children to be with peers who will have a positive influence, and stay away from peers who will engage in harmful or illegal activities.
Parents can support positive peer relationships by giving their teenagers their love and time. First of all, you should have a positive relationship with your teen. When parent-teen interactions are characterized by warmth, kindness, respect, and love, the relationship will flourish, so will the teen’s self-esteem, mental health and social skills. Second, you should be interested in your teen’s activities. This allows parents to know their teen’s friends and to monitor their behavior, which is important in keeping teens out of trouble. Last but not the least, you should urge your teens to think for himself or herself. In this way, teens can develop a healthy sense of self and an ability to resist unhealthy peer pressure.
【解题导语】 本文阐述了同龄人对青少年的影响，并给父母提出了三条建议以帮助孩子建立积极的同龄人友谊。
5．The underlined word “peers” in Paragraph 1 refers to people who ________．
A．are of the same age B．are equal in rank
C．are more powerful D．are of the opposite sex
A 解析：词义猜测题。根据破折号前面的解释“people their own age”可知，peers指“同龄人”。
6．The passage is intended for ________．
A．teachers B．teens
C．parents D．friends
C 解析：推理判断题。文章多处提到your teen，再根据第五段第一句中的“We all want our children to”可推知，这篇文章是写给父母的。
7．What is mainly talked about in the third paragraph?
A．Peer pressure can arouse your teen’s enthusiasm.
B．Peers can have a good effect on your teen.
C．What effect do peers have on your teen?
D．You can become a role model of your teen.
B 解析：段落大意题。根据本段的主题句“At its best, peers can act as positive role models.”可知，本段主要讲同龄人对青少年的积极影响。
8．According to the passage, parents can support positive peer relationships by the following EXCEPT ________．
A．encouraging your teen to think creatively
B．involving yourself in your teen’s activities
C．encouraging your teen to think independently
D．cultivating a positive relationship with your teen
A 解析：细节理解题。作者在最后一段给父母提了三个方面的建议：与子女建立良好的关系；积极参与子女的活动；培养子女独立思考的能力，只有A项没有提到。
七选五
When your children become teenagers, it’s time to start considering an after－school job.1.________， so why shouldn’t our children? When your child has a job, he/she is responsible for getting to work on time and doing his/her job correctly. An after－school job is a good way to teach your teenager about responsibility.
By allowing your teenagers to have an after－school job you allow them to learn about money management. 2.________， they will have to manage how much money they can spend. They will realize that they can’t spend every dollar they make if they want to reach their goal.
You are probably saying, “Teens will get into trouble whether they have a job or not.” 3.________. Depending on the distance from work to home, you could allow your children some extra time to get home after work. This will ensure that they don’t feel rushed but can still get home on time.
It’s a good idea to show your teenagers that hard work is what it takes to finish everything in their lives. 4.________. What will they expect when they are out on their own if they have never had to work hard for what they want?
5．________. All teenagers, no matter what their parents’ financial situation is, should have a job. They will need the experience before they do get out in the real world.
A．If they are saving up for their first car
B．When they refuse to have an after－school job
C．It is a good idea for all teenagers to have an after－school job
D．The majority of adults in the U．S.had a job during their teenage years
E．They can’t learn the meaning of hard work if everything is handed to them
F．Having an after－school job will help your teenagers know their direction
G．But it is less likely that your children will get into trouble if they are working five evenings a week
答案：1－5.DAGEC
短文改错
Three years ago，I went to the Sunshine Coast in Thailand and take my first adventure to an underwater world.Pattaya，fascinating place，attracts many tourist from around the world every year.On arriving，I was filling with excitement because this was my first trip to the seaside.The sea was as blue as the sky and bathed in the sunshine on the beach was really an enjoyably thing.Then I started my underwater trip.At the beginning，and I had a hard time adapt my eyes to the water pressure，but after a while，I was in a paradise(天堂)！I was amazed with the brightness of the
tropical fish，the beauty of the sea horses as good as the power of the sharks.
答案：
Three years ago，I went to the Sunshine Coast in Thailand and my first adventure to an underwater world.Pattaya， fascinating place，attracts many from around the world every year.On arriving，I was with excitement because this was my first trip to the seaside.The sea was as blue as the sky and in the sunshine on the beach was really an thing.Then I started my underwater trip.At the beginning， I had a hard time my eyes to the water pressure，but after a while，I was in a paradise(天堂)！I was amazed the brightness of the tropical fish，the beauty of the sea horses as as the power of the sharks.
课件45张PPT。Section Ⅱ Welcome to the unit & Reading—Language PointsUnit 1 The written word本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
品句填词
The author is going to ____________(改编) his script for television.
答案：adapt
His political reputation was tainted because he ____________(滥用) his power.
答案：abused
We had no food left at all and were getting ____________(绝望的)．
答案：desperate
I had the operation on the ____________(建议) of my doctor.
答案：recommendation
The car followed the ____________(急转弯) and turns of the mountain road.
答案：twists
Everybody likes Jack very much because he is ____________(慷慨的) in giving help.
答案：generous
Men can be just as ____________(虚荣的) as women.
答案：vain
Betty finds it hard to keep to the school’s ____________(严格的) rules.
答案：rigid
9．Genes determine the ____________(特征) of every living things.
答案：characteristics
10．Is it possible to separate truth from ____________(虚构)？
答案：fiction
单句改错
1．I recommend that he sees a lawyer for advice.____________________
答案：sees→see
2．Can you adapt yourself for a new job？____________________
答案：for→to
3．We promise that their efforts and sacrifice will not have been for vain.____________________
答案：for→in
4．You should make a rule to leave things where you can find them again.____________________
答案：在make后加it
5．I prefer to study English at home rather than to watch the match.____________________
答案：去掉第二个to
完成句子
我为了一个约会而被迫等了两个小时。
I was made ____________ two hours for an appointment.
答案：to wait
她不喜欢别人和她谈话的时候眼睛朝别的地方看。
She ____________ when people talk with her with their eyes looking aside.
答案：dislikes it
3．她宁愿自己死去，也不愿失去孩子们。
She ________________________ the children.
→She ____________________________________ the children.
→She ________________________ the children.
答案：would rather die than lose；prefers to die rather than lose；prefers dying to losing
4．我真希望看过这部电影。
I’d rather I ____________ the film.
答案：had seen
课文语法填空
As we all know, classics are the antiques of the literary world. They are examples of great writing and wisdom, and even those 1.____________(write) centuries ago can still 2.____________(find) in bookshops and libraries today. Even some films are 3.____________(base) on them. Charles Dickens is one of England’s 4.____________(great) writers. Great Expectations is one of his famous 5.____________(novel). The story begins when Pip is seven.There is a twist in the plot 6.____________ a very generous stranger gives Pip a large fortune. Pip moves to London. Money and 7.____________(educate) have changed him. He becomes vain and ashamed of his background and even dislikes 8.____________ when Joe comes to visit him because Joe isn’t a gentleman. He wins Estella’s love.9.____________ later Pip changes a lot. He learns 10.____________(happy) and friends are more important than wealth.
答案：1.written 2.be found 3.based 4.greatest 5.novels 6.when 7.education 8.it 9.But 10.happiness
A卷
单句语法填空
1．Because of the bad weather，I recommended ____________(put) off the sport meet.
答案：putting
2．I prefer ____________(stay) at home rather than go to see a film.
答案：to stay
3．The teacher raised his voice so that he could make himself ____________(hear)．
答案：heard
4．The weather was so cold ____________ they had to stay at home.
答案：that
5．My aunt lived ____________ the worst years of the depression.
答案：through
6．We tried many ways to argue him into following our advice, but ____________ vain.
答案：in
7．What I shall never forget is your ____________(generous)．
答案：generosity
8．The man lost in the desert was desperate ____________ water.
答案：for
9．This movie is an ____________(adapt) from a real story.
答案：adaptation
10．The doctor strongly recommended that he ____________(take) a holiday.
答案：(should) take
阅读理解
A home science experiment recently took the world by storm. Two teens from Toronto, in Canada, sent a Lego man rising above the Earth and captured their tiny astronaut’s trip on film.
Mathew Ho and Asad Muhammad, both 17, used a weather balloon to launch their plastic lego model 16 miles above the Earth. This is inside a part of Earth’s atmosphere.
The two teens were inspired by a similar project performed by students at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT). The MIT students had launched a weather balloon with a camera into near space and taken many unusual images of the Earth. Mathew and Asad then spent four months figuring out how to launch their own spacecraft into the space.
Traveling to space is expensive for NASA, but Mathew and Asad worked hard to keep their costs down. They bought much of their equipment used and even sewed the Lego man’s parachute(降落伞) by hand. In total, the project cost only $400.
“We had a lot of anxiety on launch day because there were high winds when we were going up，” Mathew told reporters. They had to pump extra helium(氦) into the balloon so that it would rise quickly and avoid being blown too far off course by the strong winds.
The toy astronaut’s journey lasted 97 minutes before the balloon broke and he fell back to Earth. Mathew and Asad then spent two weekends looking for their spacecraft. It had landed 76 miles away from the launch site.
The student scientists are currently finishing up their final year of high school and applying for colleges. They are also looking into more do-it-yourself space projects.
“I guess the sky is not really the limit anymore，” Mathew told reporters. “We never knew we’d get this far. It’s been a lesson for us that hard work pays off.”
【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了两个青少年利用气象气球把他们的玩具乐高人送到太空的过程和结果。
1．By saying “took the world by storm” in the first paragraph, the writer meant the experiment ________．
A．destroyed the world
B．flooded the world
C．fascinated the world
D．managed the world
C 解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段的第二句话可知两个青少年把一个玩具乐高人送入了太空，并把过程拍了下来，因此作者想要表达的是这个试验吸引了世人的目光。
2．Which of the following about the students at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is RIGHT?
A．They were examples for Mathew Ho and Asad Muhammad.
B．They helped Mathew Ho and Asad Muhammad to achieve dream.
C．They launched weather balloon together with Mathew Ho and Asad Muhammad.
D．They studied with Mathew Ho and Asad Muhammad in the same school.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第三段的第一句话可知选A。
3．How did Mathew and Asad keep their costs down?
A．By sewing the weather balloon themselves.
B．By borrowing spacecraft from the MIT students.
C．By making their spacecraft by hand.
D．By using second-hand equipment.
D 解析：细节理解题。结合文章第四段的第二句话可知他们使用二手的设备来节省费用。
4．What problems did Mathew and Asad have on launch day?
A．They ran out of helium.
B．The wind was too strong.
C．The balloon suddenly broke.
D．Their spacecraft was blown away.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第五段中的“We had a lot of anxiety on launch day because there were high winds when we were going up”可知，在他们进行发射的那天遇到的问题是风比较大。
完形填空
In February of 2005, Phil Belfiore was teaching one of Robert Frost’s poems “Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening”. He liked it that he recorded it on his home answering machine, which would lead to one of the most unusual 1 of his life.
When Phil returned from Easter vacation, he listened to his voice 2 . One gentleman caller 3 for dialing the wrong number. But, he added, he’d really 4 the poem. Phil laughed and thought nothing more of it— 5 the phone rang a few days later.
Phil 6 John’s hollow voice immediately, who said sorry to 7 ， but he was calling to hear the 8 again. The two men talked. It turned out that his brother’s phone number was 9 from Phil’s by one digit(数字), thus the wrong number. Before hanging up, Phil told John to 10 anytime, whether to hear the poem or just to have a chat.
That was 11 years ago. They’ve spoken on the phone a few times a month ever since. It is John who is 11 the starter of most calls. However, Phil will ring if a long while has passed. Not 12 ， John has been in poor health. His special voice is just the 13 of some heart trouble. They seem to always 14 when there’s been a big sports event. The men like to discuss 15 most. John will also 16 Phil about his life. Slowly, their conversations have grown much more 17 . When asked what drew them together, Phil 18 that they were told friends. They planned to meet twice, but circumstances went 19 them. Their friendship is based on the simple act of picking up the phone. “My best friend is someone I’ve not yet met 20 ，” says John. It’s as simple as that.
【解题导语】 文章介绍Phil和John通过一首诗歌结识，只是通过电话交流的特殊友谊。
1．A．receptions B．considerations
C．conversations D．friendships
D 解析：根据下文“My best friend”可知，Phil Belfiore将最喜欢的诗句录在电话留言上，这导致他一生最不寻常的友谊。friendships友谊。故选D。
2．A．news B．messages
C．information D．reports
B 解析：根据上文“He liked it that he recorded it on his home answering machine，”可知，Phil复活节假期回来的时候，他听留言信息。messages信息。故选B。
3．A．apologized B．complained
C．greeted D．asked
A 解析：根据下文“dialing the wrong number”可知，一个绅士留言为打错电话道歉。apologized道歉。故选A。
4．A．preferred B．noticed
C．enjoyed D．heard
C 解析：句意：但是他补充说他真地喜欢这首诗。enjoyed喜欢，享受。故选C。
5．A．when B．before
C．after D．until
D 解析：句意：Phil笑了，没有多想这件事——直到几天后电话再次响起。否定词和until搭配，意为：直到……才……故选D。
6．A．heard B．knew
C．answered D．recognized
D 解析：Phil立刻就认出John的空洞的声音。recognized识别出，故选D。
7．A．phone B．bother
C．come D．express
B 解析：根据“sorry”可知，John为打扰Phil道歉。bother打扰。故选B。
8．A．voice B．song
C．poem D．ring
C 解析：根据上文“But, he added, he’d really ... the poem.”可知，John是来听这首诗的。poem诗歌。故选C。
9．A．broken away B．different
C．kept away D．far
B 解析：根据下文“thus the wrong number”可知，John哥哥的电话和Phil的电话不同，差了一个号码。different不同。故选B。
10．A．call back B．call off
C．call on D．call for
A 解析：根据下文“whether to hear the poem or just to have a chat”可知，Phil让John随时都可以打电话来。call back回电话。故选A。
11．A．still B．even
C．ever D．never
A 解析：句意：John仍然是开始打大部分电话的人。still仍然。故选A。
12．A．angrily B．surprisingly
C．excitedly D．proudly
B 解析：根据下文“John has been in poor health.”可知，John身体状况差一点不令人惊讶。surprisingly令人惊讶。故选B。
13．A．contribution B．expectation
C．instruction D．situation
A 解析：句意：他的特殊声音是因为一些心脏问题导致的。contribution贡献，导致的原因。故选A。
14．A．arrive B．get together
C．connect D．come around
C 解析：根据下文“when there’s been a big sports event”可知，当有重大的体育赛事的时候，他们还会联系。connect联系。故选C。
15．A．changes B．friends
C．interest D．football
D 解析：根据上文“when there’s been a big sports event”可知，他们最喜欢谈论足球(football)。故选D。
16．A．teach B．update
C．visit D．interview
B 解析：John也给Phil提供他生活的最新信息。update提供最新信息。故选B。
17．A．formal B．special
C．unusual D．personal
D 解析：根据上文“...Phil about his life”可知，他们的对话越来越私密了。personal私密的。故选D。
18．A．said B．informed
C．decided D．announced
A 解析：根据下文“they were told friends”可知，这是Phil说的话。say说。故选A。
19．A．with B．for
C．against D．on
C 解析：根据上文“They planned to meet twice，”和but可知，情况对他们不利。go against对……不利。故选C。
20．A．by accident B．on business
C．in person D．for convenience
C 解析：根据上文“update”可知，Phil和John只是通过电话联系，还没有亲自见过面。in person亲自。故选C。
B卷
阅读理解
A
(2019·成都高二期末)Isabel has turned down two job offers in the past year. The first job she considered was the director of HR for a company in Utah. After the initial interviews，she felt the job fit her except for the location. Still，she flew west to meet the hiring manager. The hiring manager explained that Isabel was the top candidate for the job but that，before she continued with the process，she should better understand the firm’s culture. She directed Isabel to several videos of the company’s CEO，who regularly appeared in front of the company in costume as part of morale building exercises and expected his senior leaders to do the same.“Even though I was desperate for a job，I knew I couldn’t do that，” Isabel says. She called the company to turn down the job and explained that she didn’t feel there was a cultural fit.
A few months later，she had an interview for another job：a director of employee relations at a local university. After several interviews，the hiring manager told her the job was hers if she wanted it. The job had many positives：it provided a low stress environment，it offered great benefits，and the university was an employee friendly place. But the job was relatively junior despite the title and Isabel worried it wouldn’t be challenging enough. Finally，she turned it down.“It would be great to have a pay check and great benefits but I would definitely have trouble sleeping at night，” she says.
In both cases，she was frank with the hiring managers about why she wasn’t taking the jobs.“In the past，it felt like dating，and I was worried about hurting people’s feelings，”she says. However，they appreciated her frankness and thanked her for her honesty. She says it was hard to turn down the jobs and it was a risk for her financially but she felt she had to.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述了Isabel拒绝两份工作的经历和感想。
1．Which factor made Isabel turn down the first job finally?
A．The company’s location.
B．The initial interviews.
C．The firm’s culture.
D．The hiring manager.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“She called the company to turn down the job and explained that she didn’t feel there was a cultural fit.”可知，Isabel认为这种企业文化不适合自己，所以拒绝了这份工作，故C项正确。
2．What does the underlined word “junior” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A．Challenging. B．Easy.
C．Beneficial. D．Stressful.
B 解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句“But the job was relatively junior despite the title and Isabel worried it wouldn’t be challenging enough.”可知，尽管这份工作的头衔不错，但是Isabel担心这份工作没有足够的挑战性，即这份工作相对容易；据此可以判断，画线词意为“容易的”，故B项正确。
3．What is the most important thing for Isabel in job hunting?
A．Being truthful to others.
B．A job with a stable income.
C．A relaxing working atmosphere.
D．Avoiding hurting people’s feelings.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段倒数第二句“However，they appreciated her frankness and thanked her for her honesty.”可知，虽然Isabel拒绝了这两份工作，但是人事部经理仍然欣赏她的坦率，并感谢她的诚实；据此可知，Isabel在寻找工作时诚实待人是她最重要的品质，故A项正确。
4．The above text is most likely intended for the________．
A．director of HR B．librarian
C．doctor D．artist
A 解析：推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了Isabel拒绝人力资源总监和大学员工关系主管这两份工作的经历和感想；据此可以判断，人力资源总监会从她的经历中得到启示，故A项正确。
B
Teens want to be with people their own age—their peers. Teens spend more time with their peers. With peers, teens can be both connected and independent and develop identities of their own. While families may help teens in feeling proud and confident, peers are often more accepting of their feelings and thoughts.
The influence of peers is of great importance in your teen’s life. Whether you like it or not, the opinions of your teen’s peers often carry more weight than yours.
At its best, peers can act as positive role models. Peer pressure can arouse your teen’s enthusiasm, mobilize your teen’s energy, and encourage your teen to follow healthy behavior.
The need for acceptance and belonging is vital during the teen years. Teens who feel isolated or rejected by their peers are more likely to engage in risky behavior in order to fit in with a group. In such situations, peer pressure can weaken a teen’s judgment and contribute to unhealthy behavior. If your teen associates with people who are using drugs or displaying self-destructive behavior, then your teen is probably doing the same.
We all want our children to be with peers who will have a positive influence, and stay away from peers who will engage in harmful or illegal activities.
Parents can support positive peer relationships by giving their teenagers their love and time. First of all, you should have a positive relationship with your teen. When parent-teen interactions are characterized by warmth, kindness, respect, and love, the relationship will flourish, so will the teen’s self-esteem, mental health and social skills. Second, you should be interested in your teen’s activities. This allows parents to know their teen’s friends and to monitor their behavior, which is important in keeping teens out of trouble. Last but not the least, you should urge your teens to think for himself or herself. In this way, teens can develop a healthy sense of self and an ability to resist unhealthy peer pressure.
【解题导语】 本文阐述了同龄人对青少年的影响，并给父母提出了三条建议以帮助孩子建立积极的同龄人友谊。
5．The underlined word “peers” in Paragraph 1 refers to people who ________．
A．are of the same age B．are equal in rank
C．are more powerful D．are of the opposite sex
A 解析：词义猜测题。根据破折号前面的解释“people their own age”可知，peers指“同龄人”。
6．The passage is intended for ________．
A．teachers B．teens
C．parents D．friends
C 解析：推理判断题。文章多处提到your teen，再根据第五段第一句中的“We all want our children to”可推知，这篇文章是写给父母的。
7．What is mainly talked about in the third paragraph?
A．Peer pressure can arouse your teen’s enthusiasm.
B．Peers can have a good effect on your teen.
C．What effect do peers have on your teen?
D．You can become a role model of your teen.
B 解析：段落大意题。根据本段的主题句“At its best, peers can act as positive role models.”可知，本段主要讲同龄人对青少年的积极影响。
8．According to the passage, parents can support positive peer relationships by the following EXCEPT ________．
A．encouraging your teen to think creatively
B．involving yourself in your teen’s activities
C．encouraging your teen to think independently
D．cultivating a positive relationship with your teen
A 解析：细节理解题。作者在最后一段给父母提了三个方面的建议：与子女建立良好的关系；积极参与子女的活动；培养子女独立思考的能力，只有A项没有提到。
七选五
When your children become teenagers, it’s time to start considering an after－school job.1.________， so why shouldn’t our children? When your child has a job, he/she is responsible for getting to work on time and doing his/her job correctly. An after－school job is a good way to teach your teenager about responsibility.
By allowing your teenagers to have an after－school job you allow them to learn about money management. 2.________， they will have to manage how much money they can spend. They will realize that they can’t spend every dollar they make if they want to reach their goal.
You are probably saying, “Teens will get into trouble whether they have a job or not.” 3.________. Depending on the distance from work to home, you could allow your children some extra time to get home after work. This will ensure that they don’t feel rushed but can still get home on time.
It’s a good idea to show your teenagers that hard work is what it takes to finish everything in their lives. 4.________. What will they expect when they are out on their own if they have never had to work hard for what they want?
5．________. All teenagers, no matter what their parents’ financial situation is, should have a job. They will need the experience before they do get out in the real world.
A．If they are saving up for their first car
B．When they refuse to have an after－school job
C．It is a good idea for all teenagers to have an after－school job
D．The majority of adults in the U．S.had a job during their teenage years
E．They can’t learn the meaning of hard work if everything is handed to them
F．Having an after－school job will help your teenagers know their direction
G．But it is less likely that your children will get into trouble if they are working five evenings a week
答案：1－5.DAGEC
短文改错
Three years ago，I went to the Sunshine Coast in Thailand and take my first adventure to an underwater world.Pattaya，fascinating place，attracts many tourist from around the world every year.On arriving，I was filling with excitement because this was my first trip to the seaside.The sea was as blue as the sky and bathed in the sunshine on the beach was really an enjoyably thing.Then I started my underwater trip.At the beginning，and I had a hard time adapt my eyes to the water pressure，but after a while，I was in a paradise(天堂)！I was amazed with the brightness of the
tropical fish，the beauty of the sea horses as good as the power of the sharks.
答案：
Three years ago，I went to the Sunshine Coast in Thailand and my first adventure to an underwater world.Pattaya， fascinating place，attracts many from around the world every year.On arriving，I was with excitement because this was my first trip to the seaside.The sea was as blue as the sky and in the sunshine on the beach was really an thing.Then I started my underwater trip.At the beginning， I had a hard time my eyes to the water pressure，but after a while，I was in a paradise(天堂)！I was amazed the brightness of the tropical fish，the beauty of the sea horses as as the power of the sharks.
Section Ⅲ Word power, Task & Project
1．reform vt. & vi. & n． (使)改过自新，改造；改革，改良
2．reunite vt. & vi. (使)重逢，再相聚；(使)再结合，再联合
3．envelope n. 信封
4．wrap vt. 包，裹；围，缠绕
5．reputation n. 名誉，名声
6．debt n. 债务，欠款
7．violence n．暴力，暴行→violent adj.猛烈的；强烈的；暴力的；粗暴的→ violently adv.猛烈地；强烈地；暴力地
8．resist vi.& vt.反抗，抵制，抵挡→resistance n．抵抗，反抗
9．adore vt.热爱，喜爱，爱慕→adoration n．热爱；爱慕→adorable adj.可爱的
10．intend vt.& vi. 打算，计划，想要→intention n．打算；目的；意图
1．focus_on 集中(注意力、精力等)于；注视
2．be_divided_into... 被分成……
3．pressure_sb.with... 用……向某人施压
4．take_sb.to_court 把某人送上法庭
5．be_reunited_with... 与……重新团聚
6．far_from_ 远非，绝非，完全不
7．pick_up 拾起，捡起；偶然学会；接送某人
8．let_out 发出(声音)；大声(强烈地)表达
9．at_the_sight_of 一看到，看到
10．worn_out_ 破烂不堪的，废旧的；精疲力尽的
11．come_to_one’s__rescue 救援某人，帮助某人
12．have_a_reputation__for_doing... 因……而得到……声誉
13．touch_on 谈及，涉及
14．be_intended_to_be/do_something 目的是作为某物，目的是做某事
15．in__tune 音调准确；演奏合调
16．spring_up 涌现，突然出现
Scan the text and choose the best answer.
1．What made Burns full of inspiration to write poems?
A．Making a fortune.
B．Love.
C．Staying at home without work.
D．Intending to become famous.
2．Why did Burns die at an early age?
A．Because he lost his hope for life.
B．Because he was so sad to lose his first love.
C．Because he lived a hard life and his health was poor as well.
D．Because he was killed by others.
3．What is the main theme in romantic poetry?
A．Love. B．Friendship.
C．Person. D．Nature.
答案：1－3.BCD
Robert Burns and his poetry
Robert Burns, Scotland’s① supreme② literary hero, was born in Alloway, Scotland in 1759. Burns had a reputation③ for being funny and pleasant to be around. However, he came from a poor family with many debts④， and did not ever make a lot of money.
People say that Burns’s first love, Nelly Kirkpatrick, encouraged⑤ him to write poetry. ‘To a Mouse’and ‘The Holy⑥ Fair’， two of his most popular poems, both appeared in his first book of poetry. After it was published, he became famous nationwide⑦. Then he moved to Edinburgh, the capital and largest urban centre of Scotland. Burns was by then a famous poet, but was not any richer and had to earn his income by farming.
A hard life and weak health made Robert Burns’s life short. He died at the age of 37 in 1796. All of Scotland mourned⑧ Burns’s death, and afterwards many people donated money⑨ to support his widow⑩ and children.
①Scotland ['sk?tl?nd] n. 苏格兰
②supreme [su?'pri?m] adj. 最高的，至高无上的
③reputation [?repj?'teI?n] n. 名誉，名声
have a reputation for 有……的名声
④debt [det] n. 债务，欠款
pay off debts 还清债务
⑤encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事
⑥holy ['h??lI] adj. 神圣的，圣洁的
⑦nationwide adj.& adv. 全国性的(地)
⑧mourn v. 悼念
⑨donate money 捐款
⑩widow ['wId??] n. 遗孀，寡妇
罗伯特·彭斯和他的诗歌
苏格兰文学巨匠罗伯特·彭斯于1759年出生在苏格兰的阿洛韦。彭斯以风趣和友善而闻名。然而，他出生在一个负债累累的贫困家庭，而且他从来没有挣到过很多钱。
人们说彭斯的第一位恋人内莉·柯克帕特里克鼓励他创作诗歌。他最受欢迎的诗歌中的两首《致小鼠》和《圣集》都出现在他的第一本诗集中。在他的第一本诗集出版后，他闻名全国。然后，他搬到了既是苏格兰首府又是苏格兰最大城市的爱丁堡。彭斯是当时有名的诗人，但他并没有比以前富裕多少，不得不靠做农活维持生计。
艰辛的生活和虚弱的体质缩短了彭斯的生命。他于1796年去世，享年37岁。整个苏格兰都哀悼他的逝世，随后许多人捐款资助他的遗孀和孩子们。
There is a statue of Burns in George Square in Glasgow, Scotland. When this monument? in honour of? him was first shown to the public in 1877, the day was declared a holiday and about 30，000 people came out to watch. From this we can see how much the Scottish? people adored? Burns. The house in Alloway where Burns was born is now a museum of his life and work.
Burns belonged to? a group of poets (including John Keats and William Wordsworth) called the Romantic? poets?. The Romantic Movement started around 1780 and lasted until about 1830. The poetry of this period often focuses on? concepts? like freedom and beauty, and tends to? use imagination and touch on strong feelings.
?monument ['m?nj?m?nt] n. 纪念碑，纪念馆，纪念塑像；古迹
?in honour of 为纪念……，为了……的荣誉
?Scottish adj. 苏格兰的
?adore [?'d??(r)] vt. 热爱，喜爱，爱慕
?belong to “属于”，无被动语态，无进行时态。
?romantic [r??'m?ntIk] adj. 浪漫主义的；浪漫的
?called the Romantic poets 是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰 a group of poets。
?focus on集中
?concept n. 概念，观念
?tend to do 趋向于做
touch on 谈及，涉及
在苏格兰格拉斯哥的乔治广场有一尊彭斯的塑像。这座纪念彭斯的塑像于1877年首次对公众展出，那一天被定为假日，约有三万人出来观看。由此，我们可以看出苏格兰人是多么地崇拜彭斯。位于阿洛韦彭斯出生的房子，现在是展示他生平和作品的博物馆。
彭斯属于一个被称为“浪漫主义诗人”的诗人团体(包括约翰·济慈和威廉·华兹华斯)。浪漫主义运动始于1780年左右，大约持续至1830年。这个时期的诗歌常关注比如自由和美这样的观念，倾向于运用想象和探讨强烈的情感。
The Romantic poets were very interested in nature, and often used it as a theme in their poetry. This is probably why Burns talked about a rose in his famous poem, ‘A Red, Red Rose’. He wrote in the same way the Scottish people spoke back then, which explains why the spelling looks rather strange. Note how ‘love’ is spelt ‘luve’，how ‘well’ is spelt ‘weel’and how ‘go’ is spelt ‘gang’. The poem was published in 1794 and, like many of Burns’s poems, it was intended to be a song. Burns divided this poem into four short sections consisting of four lines each. These sections in a poem are like paragraphs in an article. The second and fourth lines of each section rhyme.
Poetry is usually full of symbols, and ‘A Red, Red Rose’ is no different. With the line ‘O my Luve’s like a red, red rose’， he compares the girl he loves to a red rose. He goes on to compare her to a song in the lines ‘O my Luve’s like the melodie/That’s sweetly play’d in tune！’ When he mentions ‘the sands o’ life’ in the third section, he is swearing that his love will never fade as long as he lives. ‘Fare thee weel’ in the last section of the poem means ‘farewell’， or ‘goodbye’. Yet, though he is saying goodbye to his love, he promises to come to see her again, even if he has to travel ten thousand miles.
the Scottish people spoke back then 属于定语从句，省略了在从句中作方式状语的that或in which; which引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句的内容；其中why引导宾语从句，作explains的宾语。
intend [In'tend] vt. & vi. 打算，计划，想要
be intended to be/do something 目的是作为某物，目的是做某事
consisting...在句中作后置定语，修饰sections。
paragraph ['p?r?ɡrɑ?f] n. 段落
rhyme [raIm] vi. & vt. (使)押韵 n. 押韵；押韵词；押韵短诗
compare...to... 把……比作……
melodie ['mel?dI] n. 〈旧〉乐曲，歌曲
in tune 音调准确；演奏合调
tune [tju?n] n. 曲调，曲子 vt. 调音，校音；调频道；调节
swear v. 发誓
fade v. 逐渐消失，褪色
as long as 与……一样长；只要
thee[ei?] pron. 〈旧〉(第二人称单数的宾格)你
farewell [?fe?'wel] int. & n. 再见，再会
promise to do sth. 答应做某事
浪漫主义诗人对自然有浓厚的兴趣，经常以自然作为他们诗歌的主题。这可能就是彭斯在他的著名诗歌《一朵红红的玫瑰》里写了玫瑰的原因。他用当时苏格兰人民口语的形式写作诗歌，这也解释了为什么这首诗的拼写看起来相当奇怪。注意“love”拼成了“luve”，“well”拼成了“weel”，“go”拼成了“gang”。这首诗歌发表于1794年，和许多彭斯的诗歌一样，这首诗原是为歌咏而作。彭斯将这首诗分为四个小节，每节由四行组成。诗歌中的节就像文章里的段落。每一节的第二行和第四行押韵。
诗歌通常充满意象，《一朵红红的玫瑰》也不例外。在“啊，我的爱人像一朵红红的玫瑰”中，他把他所爱的姑娘比作一朵红玫瑰。在“啊，我的爱人像一首乐曲/演奏得甜美而合拍！”中，他继而又将他的爱人比作一首歌曲。彭斯在第三节里提到了“生命的流沙”，他这是在立下誓言，只要生命不停歇，他的爱就永远不会褪去。诗歌最后一节中的“Fare thee weel”意思是“别了”或“再见”。虽然他是在向他的爱人说再见，但他许诺一定会再来看她，即使他要远行万里。
resist vt.抵抗；对抗
(经典例句)I know it is time for me to set out to do my homework, but I just can’t resist playing computer games.
我知道是开始做作业的时候了，但我就是忍不住地玩电脑游戏。
(1)resist (doing) sth. 反对(干)某事
can’t resist (doing) sth. 无法抗拒(做)某事；
忍不住(做)某事
(2)resistant adj. 对……有抵抗力的， 抵制的， 反抗的， 抗拒的
be resistant to 对……有抵抗力
(3)resistance n. 抵抗；反对
①A balanced diet will increase your ability to resist infection.
均衡的饮食可以增强你抗感染的能力。
②Some government officials weren’t resistant to the temptation of money, and were punished by law in the end.
一些政府官员抵制不住金钱的诱惑，最后受到了法律的制裁。
resist表示“忍住”时，常与表示否定意义的can’t/can hardly连用，resist 后接v.-ing形式作宾语，不接不定式。
[巧学活用]——单句语法填空
(1)I couldn’t resist chatting(chat) with my friends online at the beginning of my vacation.
(2)Peasants need some plants that are resistant(resist) to disease.
(3)Vitamins can build up your resistance(resist) to colds and flu.
worn-out adj.破烂不堪的，废旧的；筋疲力尽的
(教材P11)“Look at you two with your stupid ball and worn-out sneakers，” Steven laughed and said.
“看看你们两个，还有你们愚蠢的球和破烂不堪的运动鞋，”斯蒂芬边笑边说道。
wear out 用坏，(使)磨损
wear sb.out 使某人极度疲乏
wear down 使衰弱；使意志薄弱
wear off 渐渐消逝；磨损
wear away 消磨，打发，虚度；(时光等)流逝
①Better to wear out than rust out.
[谚]与其锈坏，不如用坏。
②Playing with little children really wore_me_out．
跟小孩子玩累得我精疲力尽。
③The brightness of the paint has worn_off a little.
油漆的光泽有些磨损了。
④The softer rock wears_away．
硬度较低的石头磨光滑了。
rescue n. & vi. & vt. 救援，营救
(教材P12)My favourite character in ‘The Attic’ is Stuart, who comes to her rescue and adds some comedy to this otherwise dark tale.
在《阁楼》中，我最喜欢的角色是斯图尔特，他救了她，并给这个本来黑暗的故事增加了些喜剧色彩。
(1)go/come to one’s rescue 去援救某人
rescue operation 援救行动
rescue team 救援队
(2)rescue sb./sth. from 从……拯救……
(3)rescuer n. 救援人员
①The rescue operation began on Friday afternoon.
救援行动是于星期五下午开始的。
②The child who fell into the river would have died if the young man hadn’t come_to_his_rescue.
要不是那个年轻人相救，落水的孩子早就没命了。
③You rescued me from an embarrassing situation.
我正感到尴尬，是你给我解了围。
④Hundreds of people are still in the water, waiting to_be_rescued(rescue)．
好几百人仍在水中等待救援。
⑤Now, electric shock training and medical treatment are helping to rescue(rescuer) these big birds.
现在，电击训练和医疗措施正在帮助拯救这些大鸟。
reputation n. 名誉，名声，名望
(教材P14)Burns had a reputation for being funny and pleasant to be around.
彭斯以风趣和友善而闻名。
have a good/bad reputation 有好/坏名声
have a reputation for... 因……有名
earn/build/establish/achieve a reputation 赢得/确立/树立/获得声誉
live up to one’s reputation 不负盛名，名不虚传
damage/ruin sb.’s reputation 有损/毁坏某人的名声
①A piece of bad news has been spread that the rich man has been accused of doing good things only to achieve a good reputation.
一条不好的消息已经传播开来： 那位富人被指责做好事只是为了沽名钓誉。
②In our company, Mr.Smith has_a_good_reputation_for being diligent. 在我们公司史密斯先生以勤勉而出名。
③Although he is known to only a few people here, his reputation abroad is very great.
虽然这里只有几个人知道他，但他在国外的名气却很大。
④Martin lived_up_to_his_reputation and his performance was very interesting.
马丁果然不负盛名，他的表演非常有趣。
fame
n.声誉，名声， 名誉。着重指好的名声
reputation
n.名誉，名声。通常指公众对某人的看法，这种看法可能是好的，也可能是坏的
honour
n.& v．荣誉，敬意，崇敬。作为动词时，意思是“给……以荣誉，赏光；使感到荣幸”
[巧学活用]——用上述词汇完成下列句子
(1)She went to Hollywood in search of fame and fortune.
(2)It was a great honour to be invited here today.
(3)She soon acquired a reputation as a first-class cook.
debt n．债务，欠款
(教材P14)However, he came from a poor family with many debts, and did not ever make a lot of money.
然而，他出生在一个负债累累的贫困家庭，而且他从来没有挣到过很多钱。
in debt 欠债，负债
out of debt 不欠债
in sb.’s debt/in debt to sb. 欠某人的债
get/run/fall into debt 借债，负债
pay off debts/get out of debt 还清债务
①I don’t like being in debt to anyone.
我不喜欢欠任何人的钱。
②I’ll be out_of_debt next year. 我明年就没有欠债了。
③It’s much easier to get/run/fall_into_debt than to get out of debt. 借债容易还债难。
④What made him happy was that after all these years he at last paid_off_all_his_debts．
使他高兴的是几年之后他终于还清了所有的债务。
tend to 往往会，常常就，趋向，趋于；照料，照顾
(教材P14)The poetry of this period often focuses on concepts like freedom and beauty, and tends to use imagination and touch on strong feelings.
这个时期的诗歌常关注比如自由和美这样的观念，倾向于运用想象和探讨强烈的情感。
(1)tend vt. 照料，照管
(2)tendency n． 倾向，趋势；癖好
have a tendency to/towards sth. 有……趋向
have a tendency to do sth. 倾向于做某事
①If you are not careful，children tend to neglect their homework. 如果你不注意的话，孩子们往往会不重视他们的家庭作业。
②When I’m tired, I tend to_make(make) mistakes.
我累了就容易出错。
③Mother being ill, he had to tend(tendency) her at home.
母亲病了， 他得在家照料她。
④She has a strong natural tendency(tend) towards caution.
她天生喜欢小心谨慎。
⑤Some think that a woman’s body cells have_a_tendency_to age more slowly than a man’s.
一些人认为女性的身体细胞有比男性老化得慢的倾向。
touch on/upon 谈及， 涉及
(教材P14)The poetry of this period often focuses on concepts like freedom and beauty, and tends to use imagination and touch on strong feelings.
这个时期的诗歌常关注比如自由和美这样的观念，倾向于运用想象和探讨强烈的情感。
(1)touch down 底线得分；降落
touch off 触发；使爆炸；使着火
touch up 修改，润色
(2)get in touch with 和……取得联系
①In his speech he was only able to touch on a few aspects of the problem.
他在演讲中只能涉及这个问题的几个方面。
②Their flight is scheduled to touch_down at 4 p．m.
他们的航班预计在下午4点降落。
③Some slight incident may touch_off a major war.
某个小事件可能会引发一场大战。
④She was busy touching_up her make?up in the mirror.
她正忙于对着镜子描眉画眼。
be intended to be/do sth. 目的是作为某物，目的是做某事
(教材P14)The poem was published in 1794 and, like many of Burns’s poems, it was intended to be a song.
这首诗歌发表于1794年，和许多彭斯的诗歌一样，这首诗原是为歌咏而作。
(1)intend v． 打算；想要；意指
intend doing/to do sth. 打算做某事
intend sb. to do sth. 打算让某人做某事
had intended to do sth. 本来打算做某事
intend that...(should) do sth. 打算……；主张……
(2)intended adj. 意欲达到的，打算的，计划的
be intended for... 为……打算的，为……设计的
(3)intention n. 意图；计划；目的
①To improve our English level and get more students interested in English, I intend to organize some activities at school.
为了提高我们的英语水平，让更多的学生对英语感兴趣，我打算在学校组织一些活动。
②The book is intended for young kids.
这本书是专为儿童设计的。
had intended to do/that...和intended to have done sth.表示本来打算干某事，但实际上未做成。类似用法的词还有hope, mean, wish, want, expect等。
③I had intended to see you, but I was too busy.
我本来打算去看你，但是我太忙了。
④I intended to have invited him, but I forgot to do so.
我本想/打算邀请他的，可是我忘了。
[巧学活用]——完成句子
我写信是想告诉你我暑假令人兴奋的计划。 我打算参加龙舟训练营。
I’m writing to tell you my exciting plan for the summer holiday.I intend_to_join_a Dragon Boat Training Camp.
(教材P7)English literature, especially English fiction, is of great significance in the literary world.
英国文学，特别是英国小说，在文学界具有重大意义。
be of great significance是“be＋of＋抽象名词”结构。“be＋of＋抽象名词”相当于“be＋该抽象名词的形容词”，主要用来表示主语的性质。这一结构中的抽象名词前可用great，little，no，some等修饰，此类抽象名词有importance，value，use，help等。
①As far as I’m concerned，sports and games are very important.
＝As far as I’m concerned，sports and games are_of_great_importance．
就我个人来看，运动和游戏都很重要。
②What you are saying is not interesting to me.
＝What you are saying is_of_no_interest to me.
你说的话让我提不起兴趣。
③What he said at the meeting was of great value(valuable)．
他在会议上说的非常有价值。
(教材P9)Oliver does not want to steal from anyone, but in order to survive Oliver is forced to become a criminal. 奥利弗不想做贼，但为了生存，他被迫犯罪。
本句为并列句，在第二个分句中，句首有in order to do sth.作目的状语。目的状语从句常用引导词有that, so that, in order that, to, so as to, in order to等。
①I went to live there in order to be near him.
我去住在那儿是为了靠近他。
②We started early in_order_to arrive before dark.
为了在天黑前到达，我们很早就动身了。
③The little boy saved every coin so_that he could buy his mother a present on Mother’s Day. 小男孩节省每一个硬币是为了他能在母亲节给他妈妈买一份礼物。
④I’ve decided to learn photography in order that I may better appreciate the beauty of nature.
我决定学摄影以便更好地欣赏自然的美。
(教材P11)Later that day, a pair of brand new sneakers lay next to his chair, and in the corner was a new soccer ball.
那天晚些的时候，一双崭新的运动鞋摆在他的椅子旁边。角落里还有个新足球。
(1)句中in the corner放于句首采用了完全倒装结构。
(2)here，there，away，out等方位副词及now，then等时间副词位于句首，句子谓语为be，come，go，lie，run等动词，且句子的主语不是人称代词时，句子完全倒装。
①Then came the disturbing news that the missing plane crashed into the ocean.
然后传来了那架失踪的飞机坠入海洋的坏消息。
②Then_came_the_exciting_news_that an American athlete got the first medal in the Olympic games.
然后传来了一位美国的运动员在奥运会中夺得首金的令人振奋的消息。
③Now comes_the_hour we have been looking forward to.
我们盼望已久的时刻终于到来了。
④The door opened and in came_the_teacher with some books in his hand.
门开了，老师进来了，手里拿着几本书。
⑤In the middle of the mountain lies_a_temple dating from Tang Dynasty.
半山腰有座始建于唐朝的庙。
(教材P11)Up it flew, higher and higher, until it was a small dot in the sky. 它朝上飞，越飞越高，直到最后成为天空中的一个小黑点。
(1)本句为主从复合句，until“直到……为止”，引导时间状语从句。主句的主语是it，副词提前，本句的正常语序为：It flew up, higher and higher, until it was a small dot in the sky.。
(2)until prep.& conj.
①prep.用于肯定句，与延续性动词连用，意为“直到……为止”；用于否定句，与非延续性动词连用，not...until...“直到……才……”。
②conj.从属连词，引导时间状语从句。主句为肯定句时，主句中的谓语动词为延续性动词，意为“直到……为止”；主句为否定句时，主句中的谓语动词常用非延续性动词，意为“直到……才……”。
(3)until的四种句型：
①主句(肯定式)＋until(till)时间状语或状语从句(注：此句型中谓语动词一般是延续性的，表示“直到……为止”)
②主句(否定式)＋until(till)时间状语或状语从句(注：此句型中谓语动词一般是非延续性的，表示“直到……才……”)
③Not ＋ until时间状语＋助动词(常用did)＋主语＋动词原形(注：not放在句首，主句用部分倒装)
④It was not ＋ until时间状语＋that＋主句
(注：此句型不用倒装)
①I waited until he came back.
我一直等到他回来。
②I didn’t_leave_until/till he came back.
直到他回来我才走。
③It was_not_until he came back that I left.
直到他回来我才走。
(教材P14)This is probably why Burns talked about a rose in his famous poem, ‘A Red, Red Rose’．
这可能就是彭斯在他的著名诗歌《一朵红红的玫瑰》里写了玫瑰的原因。
(1)This/That is why...为表语从句的常用句型结构，意为“这/那就是……的原因”，用来表示原因。
(2)That’s because...“那是因为……”，because从句表示原因。
(3)The reason why...is/was that...“……的原因是……”，表语从句常用that 引导，而不用because。
①Tom was very lazy. That was why he never achieved anything in his life.
汤姆很懒，那就是他一生碌碌无为的原因。
②(安徽卷)From space，the earth looks blue. This_is_because_about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water.
从太空中看，地球是蓝色的。这是因为它表面约71%都被水覆盖着。
③The_reason_why_the students favor the first one is_that_they can carry it with them wherever they go.
学生们喜欢第一个的原因是他们无论去哪都可以随身携带(它)。
品句填词
It was in 1978 that China began to adopt the policy of ____________(改革) and opening-up.
答案：reform
The dance is full of ____________(旋转)．
答案：spins
The restaurant has a good ____________(声望)．
答案：reputation
He worked day and night to pay off ____________(债务)．
答案：debts
She ____________(崇拜) her teacher.
答案：adores
6．At the meeting Jack whistled a popular ____________(曲调)．
答案：tune
7．A ____________(纪念碑) was built in honour of those who had helped them.
答案：monument
8．Devotion is the ____________(最高的) symbol of love.
答案：supreme
9．I forgot to write the address on the ____________(信封)．
答案：envelope
10．He turned off the alarm and ____________(跳) out of bed.
答案：sprang
单句改错
1．His patience worn out by all these troubles.
____________________
答案：patience后加was
2．Charles did what he could rescue the drowning girl, although he himself was in danger.____________________
答案：rescue前加to
3．That is because I’m here to meet you this afternoon.____________________
答案：because→why
4．It was not until midnight it stopped raining.____________________
答案：midnight后加that
5．The question is of great important that it cannot be neglected.____________________
答案：important→importance
完成句子
从窗户里飘出美妙的音乐。
Through the window ________________ the sweet music.
答案：came out
他俩长得差不多一样高。
They both are almost ____________ height.
→They both are almost ________________ height.
→They both are almost ________________ height.
答案：of a；of the same；the same in
他并不富有，但为了帮助这些贫困的孩子，他每月都要捐出一定的钱给他们。
He is not rich, but ____________________________________ he gives away a certain sum of money to them every month.
答案：in order to help these poor children
直到他妈妈找到他， 他才回来。
________________________________________________________________________
→________________________________________________________________________
→________________________________________________________________________
答案：He didn’t come back until his mother found him.；
It was not until his mother found him that he came back.；Not until his mother found him did he come back.
他以前看过这个电影，这就是他昨天晚上不去看的原因。
He had seen the film before.________________ he did not see it last night.
答案：That is why
课文语篇改错
Robert Burns was born in Alloway, Scotland in 1759. He had a reputation for being fun and pleasant to be around. His the first love, Nelly Kirkpatrick, encouraged him to write poetry. He became famous nationwide after he published his firstly book of poetry.
The poetry of the Romantic Movement often focuses in concepts like freedom and beauty, and tends to use imagine and touch on strong feelings. Burn died at the age of 37 in 1796 because a hard life and weak health. All of Scotland mourned his death, and afterwards many people donate money to support his widow and children. The monument in honour to him was first displayed to the public in 1877. The day that it was first shown was declared a holiday and about 30, 000 people came out to watch. The house in Alloway which Burns was born is now a museum of his life and work.
答案：
Robert Burns was born in Alloway, Scotland in 1759. He had a reputation for being and pleasant to be around. His first love, Nelly Kirkpatrick, encouraged him to write poetry. He became famous nationwide after he published his book of poetry.
The poetry of the Romantic Movement often focuses concepts like freedom and beauty, and tends to use and touch on strong feelings. Burn died at the age of 37 in 1796 because a hard life and weak health. All of Scotland mourned his death, and afterwards many people money to support his widow and children. The monument in honour him was first displayed to the public in 1877. The day it was first shown was declared a holiday and about 30, 000 people came out to watch. The house in Alloway Burns was born is now a museum of his life and work.
A卷
单句语法填空
1．His invention is of great ____________(valuable) to the whole society.
答案：value
2．The boy couldn’t resist ____________(show) off his being praised by the teacher on arriving home.
答案：showing
3．The book ____________(wear) out and had ink stains on its cover.
答案：was worn
4．The mother, along with her two children, ____________(rescue) from the sinking boat by a passing ship.
答案：was rescued
5．Mr. Smith was ____________ debt because he was out of job.
答案：in
6．Children tend ____________(react) against their parents by going against their wishes.
答案：to react
7．The dictionary ____________(intend) for the beginners.
答案：is intended
8．That is ____________ we decided to cancel the discussion.
答案：why
9．It was not until quite recently ____________ I noticed it.
答案：that
10．There are many reasons, but I will touch ____________ three.
答案：on
阅读理解
A
It is quite apparent that competition surrounds every aspect of human life whether in the United States or the Amazon rain forest. Without it we would not have grown into primates(灵长目动物)．Or we would probably still be struggling to sharpen a bronze tool while crawling around on four legs in search of meat. Without competition, Columbus wouldn’t have discovered America and Edison would never have invented the light bulb.
The friendship，like all relationships between two people，involves competition. It isn’t competition in a traditional sense because there are no goals to be scored and no prizes. Perhaps the ecological definition—the simultaneous(同时的) demand by two or more organisms for limited environmental resources, such as nutrients, living space, or light—better explains it.
As in nature, high school life is governed by a set of laws, similar to a shortened version of Darwin’s theory of evolution, overpopulation, and competition. There is an abundance of high school students and to distinguish them, ranking and categorizing(分类) take place. In high school, friendship coexists with competition even though at times the relationship is rough. In fact, in some circumstances, competition is too much of a burden for friendship to bear, causing it to fall apart. College admission is the final high school objective. Four years of hard work is to achieve good grades, and a student’s fate is determined not only by these achievements, but by the records of thousands of other seniors trying to achieve similar recognition.
Nevertheless, by necessity, competition between students exists in all aspects of high school life.It sets and improves the standards in everything from sports to schoolwork. Healthy, friendly competition can have only benefits, but when it becomes too fierce, jealousy(妒忌) can tear friendship apart. Yet, despite all this, without competition, we would be lost.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文，主要论述了友谊和竞争之间的关系，健康的竞争促进友谊，而恶性的竞争则破坏友谊。
1．What does the ecological definition mainly explain?
A．How friends compete with each other.
B．How to win the competition.
C．What the result of competition is.
D．What competition exactly is.
D 解析：细节理解题。分析第二段最后一句“Perhaps the ecological definition—the simultaneous(同时的) demand by two or more organisms for limited environmental resources, such as nutrients, living space，or light—better explains it.”可知，该句的主干是Perhaps the ecological definition better explains it，其中“it”指代的是前一句中的“competition”。两个破折号之间的内容解释“the ecological definition”。句意：两个或更多的生物体同时对有限的生态环境资源有需求，如营养物质、生存空间、光——这一生态学定义更好地解释了竞争(的含义)。故选D项。
2．According to the author，what causes the high school students to compete?
A．The number of them is too large.
B．Friendship is a burden for them.
C．They know the laws of nature well.
D．They are divided into different groups.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，高中生活与自然界一样有一系列的规则，这与达尔文关于进化、人口过多和竞争的理论相似。也正是因为学生人数众多，为了区分，所以对学生进行了排名、分类。再加上考大学这一高中生活的最终目标的压力，高中生之间的竞争就不可避免地产生了。故选A项。
3．Which best describes the relationship of friendship and competition?
A．Friendship is always based on competition.
B．The degree of competition is vital to friendship.
C．Competition is terribly harmful to friendship.
D．Competition is a result of lost friendship.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Healthy，friendly competition can have only benefits，but when it becomes too fierce，jealousy(妒忌) can tear friendship apart.”可知，健康的、友好的竞争对友谊有好处，而过于激烈的、存在妒忌的竞争会使友谊破裂。因此竞争的度对友谊是至关重要的。故选B项。
4．What does the author think of “competition”？
A．The results of competition are out of control.
B．Competition becomes fiercer in high school.
C．Competition is certain to happen in high school.
D．Friendship is not as important as competition in high schools.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“Nevertheless，by necessity，competition between students exists in all aspects of high school life.”可知，作者认为高中生活的各个方面存在竞争是必然的。故选C项。
B
The Chinese Tang Dynasty poet Du Fu is often called the sage(圣人) of poetry.Unlike Li Bai, this poet wrote in various styles, and his works were often innovative(创新的) in language and subject matter.His poems were also filled with meaning.
His innovation was not at all welcome.The readers of his time rarely showed much appreciation for his original and innovative works.The masses in fact hated and scolded them.Like many artists, Du Fu was only recognized for his genius long after his death.
Du Fu was born in Luoyang of Henan.Although he came from an influential literary family, his early attempts to gain a position in the government by way of the exam system failed repeatedly.He was 43 years old when he finally managed to hold an official position.This was the time when Emperor Xuanzong was attracted to the beautiful Yang Yuhuan and made her his concubine(妃子), which Du Fu severely criticized in his Song of the Beautiful Ladies.
As the emperor got distracted(分心) from important government affairs, some military leaders were becoming too powerful.Du Fu took office in 755, and in the same year a rebel leader An Lushan led his army into the capital of Tang Dynasty.The emperor fled to the west and left the governing of the state to his son.Du Fu and his family took the road north to escape the rebels.
The poet left his family and tried to get to the headquarters of the new emperor, but he was caught and held prisoner by the rebels in Chang’an.After order was restored again, Du Fu got back his position in the capital.However, he did not enjoy the favor of the new emperor and was given a minor provincial post.In 759 he finally left this disgraceful position and spent the rest of his life wandering around the country.
【解题导语】 本文介绍了唐朝诗人杜甫的生平。
5．What do we know about Li Bai’s poems?
A．They were consistent in style.
B．They were like the poems of Du Fu.
C．They used more complex language.
D．They were written in various styles.
A 解析：推理判断题。第一段说明，杜甫的诗歌风格多样，这点跟李白的诗歌不同。由此推断，李白的诗歌风格一致。
6．What can we infer from the third paragraph?
A．Du Fu didn’t like to be an official.
B．Du Fu was not loyal to the emperor.
C．Du Fu became an official in his 30s.
D．Du Fu was concerned about government affairs.
D 解析：推理判断题。对于唐玄宗和杨贵妃的事情，杜甫在诗歌中加以猛烈抨击，说明他关心政务。
7．What happened in the late years of Du Fu’s life?
A．He changed his writing style.
B．He wandered around the country.
C．He was called back by the emperor.
D．He enjoyed his minor provincial post.
B 解析：细节理解题。从文章最后一段最后一句可知，杜甫的余生是在全国到处漂泊。
8．What is the text mainly about?
A．Du Fu’s life.
B．Du Fu’s poetry.
C．The rule of Emperor Xuanzong.
D．Du Fu’s political career.
A 解析：主旨大意题。综览全文，文章前面对杜甫的诗歌略做介绍，后面又重点介绍了他的生平。
语法填空
Last summer，I began the biggest adventure of my life.I moved from a tiny city in England to one of the largest 1.____________(city) in the world.
As the plane touched down in Beijing, I 2.____________(feel) excited—I finally arrived after months of planning.One of the first things I did was to visit the city’s hutongs.With the warm air filled with the smell of delicious food，I was 3.____________(happy) working my way through the restaurants, 4.____________were located in the hutongs.
I am slowly getting used to the different ways of life, 5.____________I still find some habits here quite strange and 6.____________(humor)．British people are raised not to make any sort of bodily noise at the dinner table or in public，so it was 7.____________funny culture shock at first to hear the sharp voice of Chinese dinners or the throat-clearing sounds of colleagues.Something else I have discovered is the attention that being a foreigner brings. Sometimes，some people stare and try to take secret photos of me.
My dream is 8.____________(buy) a motorbike and travel from one end to the other of this beautiful country, 9.____________(take) photos and meeting new people along the way.My adventure in China is only just beginning, and I can’t wait to see 10.____________it turns out.
【解题导语】 本文主要讲述了一个外国人的中国之旅。
1．cities 解析：考查名词的数。city是可数名词，且one of后加可数名词的复数，表示“……之一”，故此处用city的复数形式 cities。
2．felt 解析：考查动词时态。根据语境可知，事情发生在过去，故用一般过去时。
3．happily 解析：考查副词。此处应用副词happily修饰动词working。
4．which 解析：考查定语从句。which引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰先行词the restaurants。
5．but 解析：考查连词。根据语境可知，上下文表示逻辑上的转折关系，故用连词but。
6．humorous 解析：考查词性转换。空前and连接两个并列成分，strange是形容词，故此处用humor的形容词形式humorous。
7．a 解析：考查冠词。空后中心词是culture shock，需填一个不定冠词，此处表示“一种有趣的文化冲击”，故填a。
8．to buy 解析：考查非谓语动词。此处不定式表示将来的概念，在句子中作表语，表示“我的梦想是买一辆摩托车”。
9．taking 解析：考查非谓语动词。由空后的and meeting可知，空处应用现在分词作伴随状语。
10．how 解析：考查连词。how引导宾语从句，在从句中作方式状语。
B卷
阅读理解
I was blind, but I was ashamed of it if it was known. I refused to use a white stick and hated asking for help. After all, I was a teenage girl, and I couldn’t bear people to look at me and think I was not like them. I must have been a terrible danger on the roads. Coming across me wandering through the traffic, motorists probably would have to step rapidly on their brakes. Apart from that, there were all sorts of disasters that used to occur on the way to and from work.
One evening, I got off the bus about halfway home where I had to change buses, and as usual I ran into something. “I’m awfully sorry，” I said and stepped forward only to run into it again. When it happened a third time, I realized I had been apologizing to a lamppost(路灯杆). This was just one of the stupid things that constantly happened to me. So I carried on and found the bus stop, which was a request stop, where the bus wouldn’t stop unless passengers wanted to get on or off. No one else was there and I had to try to guess if the bus had arrived.
Generally in this situation, because I hated showing I was blind by asking for help, I tried to guess at the sound. Sometimes I would stop a big lorry and stand there feeling stupid as it drew away. In the end, I usually managed to swallow my pride and ask someone at the stop for help.
But on this particular evening no one joined me at the stop; it seemed that everyone had suddenly decided not to travel by bus. Of course I heard plenty of buses pass, or I thought I did. But because I had given up stopping them for fear of making a fool of myself, I let them all go by. I stood there alone for half an hour without stopping one. Then I gave up. I decided to walk on to the next stop.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章记述了作者身为盲人，而不愿意让别人知道，也不愿意向别人求助的事情。通过作者等公共汽车的事情，她体会到了有的时候还是需要别人的帮助。
1．The girl refused to ask for help because she thought ________．
A．she might be recognized
B．asking for help looked silly
C．she was normal and independent
D．being found blind was embarrassing
D 解析：细节理解题。根据本文第一句“I was blind, but I was ashamed of it if it was known.”可知答案。
2．After the girl got off the bus that evening, she ________．
A．began to run
B．hit a person as usual
C．hit a lamppost by accident
D．was caught by something
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段前三句，特别是第三句“When it happened a third time, I realized I had been apologizing to a lamppost(路灯杆)．”可知选C。
3．At the request stop that evening, the girl ________．
A．stopped a big lorry
B．stopped the wrong bus
C．made no attempt to stop the bus
D．was not noticed by other people
C 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，作者害怕拦错车使自己难堪，所以放弃拦车。故选C。
4．What was the problem with guessing at the sound to stop a bus?
A．Other vehicles also stopped there.
B．It was unreliable for making judgements.
C．More lorries than buses responded to the girl.
D．It took too much time for the girl to catch the bus.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段“I tried to guess ... as it drew away.”和第四段的“But because I had...all go by.”看出根据声音来判断车辆是不可靠的。故选B。
完形填空
Have you ever traveled around by bike? This spring my older brother and I 1 the busy city and spent a long weekend 2 in the countryside. Our speed was only around 1 kph, but we didn’t 3 . We hadn’t come to break any speed records, 4 . All we wanted was some 5 air and a break from schoolwork.
We really 6 ourselves while cycling along traffic-free country paths. There was plenty of sunshine, 7 it was quite cold, 8 in the mornings. The good news was that soon we 9 as we rode along. Our only 10 was when my brakes(刹车) started making a terrible noise. But I didn’t care as it gave us an 11 to visit a café while a bike mechanic(机修工) had a look at it.
Every few kilometers there was a 12 where we could talk with local people. One of the women was very 13 and showed us the way when we got lost. On Saturday night we were 14 at 2 a．m. by some young people. They kept singing loudly in the next room, which made us 15 all night. We felt very 16 when we got up the next morning. Soon we 17 . We were more cheerful on the way when the sun came out. 18 ， things like that happened only once. Anyway I still like traveling around by bike—it’s 19 and it’s fun. If you’re looking for a short break that’s active and cheap, then cycling is a great 20 ！
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者和哥哥在周末骑自行车去乡下游玩的经历。
1．A．left B．visited
C．found D．reached
A 解析：由该空后的“spent a long weekend ______ in the countryside”可知，哥哥和“我”“离开(left)”繁忙的城市去了乡下。
2．A．painting B．studying
C．teaching D．cycling
D 解析：下段的“cycling along traffic-free country paths”是提示。
3．A．regret B．mind
C．fail D．realize
B 解析：由该空后的“We hadn’t come to break any speed records”可知，我们的车速只有14公里每小时，但是我们并不“介意(mind)”。
4．A．at last B．as well
C．after all D．at most
C 解析：“毕竟(after all)”，我们不是来打破速度纪录的。
5．A．fresh B．thin
C．cool D．dry
A 解析：从城市来到乡下应该是想呼吸一下“新鲜的(fresh)”空气。
6．A．hurt B．hated
C．changed D．enjoyed
D 解析：由该空后的“cycling along traffic-free country paths”可知，在没有汽车的乡间小路上，我们无忧无虑地骑着自行车，十分享受。enjoy oneself“玩得愉快”。
7．A．but B．so
C．or D．unless
A 解析：该空前后为转折关系，故填but。
8．A．probably B．especially
C．specially D．immediately
B 解析：“特别(especially)”是在早上非常冷。
9．A．came back B．gave up
C．warmed up D．calmed down
C 解析：由上文的“it was quite cold”和“The good news”可知，我们骑了一会自行车“暖和(warmed up)多了”。
10．A．wish B．problem
C．decision D．memory
B 解析：由该空后的“my brakes(刹车) started making a terrible noise”可知，这里是说“问题(problem)”。
11．A．order B．opinion
C．excuse D．explanation
C 解析：由该空后的“visit a café while a bike mechanic (机修工) had a look at it ”可知，趁着机修工帮我们修自行车，我们就有“借口(excuse)”去餐馆逛一逛了。
12．A．city B．lake
C．school D．village
D 解析：由第一段的“the countryside”和该空后的“we could talk with local people”可知，这里是说每隔几公里就有一个“村庄(village)”。
13．A．friendly B．honest
C．stupid D．nervous
A 解析：由该空后的“showed us the way when we got lost”可知，这位妇女是非常“友好的(friendly)”。
14．A．saved B．paid
C．woken D．greeted
C 解析：由下文的“They kept singing loudly in the next room”可知，我们被隔壁的一些年轻人“吵醒(woken)”了。
15．A．excited B．sleepless
C．speechless D．frightened
B 解析：他们唱歌的声音让我们彻夜“未眠(sleepless)”。
16．A．shy B．busy
C．bored D．tired
D 解析：一晚上没有休息好，所以早上起来后应该是感觉很“累(tired)”。
17．A．set off B．called back
C．settled down D．broke down
A 解析：由该空后的“We were more cheerful on the way”可知，很快我们就“出发(set off)”了。
18．A．Strangely B．Doubtfully
C．Luckily D．Naturally
C 解析：由该空后的“things like that happened only once”可知，像那样的事情只发生了一次，所以非常“幸运(Luckily)”。
19．A．true B．simple
C．difficult D．dangerous
B 解析：骑着自行车游玩“简单(simple)”又快乐。
20．A．goal B．dream
C．result D．choice
D 解析：总览全文可知，作者认为骑自行车游玩是一个很好的“选择(choice)”。
短文改错
Students should wear school uniforms. First, it was school uniforms that can create unity and pride between students. Second, avoid wasting money, students should form the habit of wearing school uniforms. If a student cannot afforded nice clothing, he does not have to worry about if he is poorly dressed or not. Finally, the gap between the wealthy or the poor is closed because they all look a same. Other may argue that uniforms are likely to prevent students from think freely. However, it is clear that when there are more advantages than disadvantages.
答案：
Students should wear school uniforms. First, it school uniforms that can create unity and pride students. Second, avoid wasting money, students should form the habit of wearing school uniforms. If a student cannot nice clothing, he does not have to worry about he is poorly dressed or not. Finally, the gap between the wealthy the poor is closed because they all look same. may argue that uniforms are likely to prevent students from freely. However, it is clear that there are more advantages than disadvantages.
课件78张PPT。Section Ⅲ Word power, Task & ProjectUnit 1 The written word本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
品句填词
It was in 1978 that China began to adopt the policy of ____________(改革) and opening-up.
答案：reform
The dance is full of ____________(旋转)．
答案：spins
The restaurant has a good ____________(声望)．
答案：reputation
He worked day and night to pay off ____________(债务)．
答案：debts
She ____________(崇拜) her teacher.
答案：adores
6．At the meeting Jack whistled a popular ____________(曲调)．
答案：tune
7．A ____________(纪念碑) was built in honour of those who had helped them.
答案：monument
8．Devotion is the ____________(最高的) symbol of love.
答案：supreme
9．I forgot to write the address on the ____________(信封)．
答案：envelope
10．He turned off the alarm and ____________(跳) out of bed.
答案：sprang
单句改错
1．His patience worn out by all these troubles.
____________________
答案：patience后加was
2．Charles did what he could rescue the drowning girl, although he himself was in danger.____________________
答案：rescue前加to
3．That is because I’m here to meet you this afternoon.____________________
答案：because→why
4．It was not until midnight it stopped raining.____________________
答案：midnight后加that
5．The question is of great important that it cannot be neglected.____________________
答案：important→importance
完成句子
从窗户里飘出美妙的音乐。
Through the window ________________ the sweet music.
答案：came out
他俩长得差不多一样高。
They both are almost ____________ height.
→They both are almost ________________ height.
→They both are almost ________________ height.
答案：of a；of the same；the same in
他并不富有，但为了帮助这些贫困的孩子，他每月都要捐出一定的钱给他们。
He is not rich, but ____________________________________ he gives away a certain sum of money to them every month.
答案：in order to help these poor children
直到他妈妈找到他， 他才回来。
________________________________________________________________________
→________________________________________________________________________
→________________________________________________________________________
答案：He didn’t come back until his mother found him.；
It was not until his mother found him that he came back.；Not until his mother found him did he come back.
他以前看过这个电影，这就是他昨天晚上不去看的原因。
He had seen the film before.________________ he did not see it last night.
答案：That is why
课文语篇改错
Robert Burns was born in Alloway, Scotland in 1759. He had a reputation for being fun and pleasant to be around. His the first love, Nelly Kirkpatrick, encouraged him to write poetry. He became famous nationwide after he published his firstly book of poetry.
The poetry of the Romantic Movement often focuses in concepts like freedom and beauty, and tends to use imagine and touch on strong feelings. Burn died at the age of 37 in 1796 because a hard life and weak health. All of Scotland mourned his death, and afterwards many people donate money to support his widow and children. The monument in honour to him was first displayed to the public in 1877. The day that it was first shown was declared a holiday and about 30, 000 people came out to watch. The house in Alloway which Burns was born is now a museum of his life and work.
答案：
Robert Burns was born in Alloway, Scotland in 1759. He had a reputation for being and pleasant to be around. His first love, Nelly Kirkpatrick, encouraged him to write poetry. He became famous nationwide after he published his book of poetry.
The poetry of the Romantic Movement often focuses concepts like freedom and beauty, and tends to use and touch on strong feelings. Burn died at the age of 37 in 1796 because a hard life and weak health. All of Scotland mourned his death, and afterwards many people money to support his widow and children. The monument in honour him was first displayed to the public in 1877. The day it was first shown was declared a holiday and about 30, 000 people came out to watch. The house in Alloway Burns was born is now a museum of his life and work.
A卷
单句语法填空
1．His invention is of great ____________(valuable) to the whole society.
答案：value
2．The boy couldn’t resist ____________(show) off his being praised by the teacher on arriving home.
答案：showing
3．The book ____________(wear) out and had ink stains on its cover.
答案：was worn
4．The mother, along with her two children, ____________(rescue) from the sinking boat by a passing ship.
答案：was rescued
5．Mr. Smith was ____________ debt because he was out of job.
答案：in
6．Children tend ____________(react) against their parents by going against their wishes.
答案：to react
7．The dictionary ____________(intend) for the beginners.
答案：is intended
8．That is ____________ we decided to cancel the discussion.
答案：why
9．It was not until quite recently ____________ I noticed it.
答案：that
10．There are many reasons, but I will touch ____________ three.
答案：on
阅读理解
A
It is quite apparent that competition surrounds every aspect of human life whether in the United States or the Amazon rain forest. Without it we would not have grown into primates(灵长目动物)．Or we would probably still be struggling to sharpen a bronze tool while crawling around on four legs in search of meat. Without competition, Columbus wouldn’t have discovered America and Edison would never have invented the light bulb.
The friendship，like all relationships between two people，involves competition. It isn’t competition in a traditional sense because there are no goals to be scored and no prizes. Perhaps the ecological definition—the simultaneous(同时的) demand by two or more organisms for limited environmental resources, such as nutrients, living space, or light—better explains it.
As in nature, high school life is governed by a set of laws, similar to a shortened version of Darwin’s theory of evolution, overpopulation, and competition. There is an abundance of high school students and to distinguish them, ranking and categorizing(分类) take place. In high school, friendship coexists with competition even though at times the relationship is rough. In fact, in some circumstances, competition is too much of a burden for friendship to bear, causing it to fall apart. College admission is the final high school objective. Four years of hard work is to achieve good grades, and a student’s fate is determined not only by these achievements, but by the records of thousands of other seniors trying to achieve similar recognition.
Nevertheless, by necessity, competition between students exists in all aspects of high school life.It sets and improves the standards in everything from sports to schoolwork. Healthy, friendly competition can have only benefits, but when it becomes too fierce, jealousy(妒忌) can tear friendship apart. Yet, despite all this, without competition, we would be lost.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文，主要论述了友谊和竞争之间的关系，健康的竞争促进友谊，而恶性的竞争则破坏友谊。
1．What does the ecological definition mainly explain?
A．How friends compete with each other.
B．How to win the competition.
C．What the result of competition is.
D．What competition exactly is.
D 解析：细节理解题。分析第二段最后一句“Perhaps the ecological definition—the simultaneous(同时的) demand by two or more organisms for limited environmental resources, such as nutrients, living space，or light—better explains it.”可知，该句的主干是Perhaps the ecological definition better explains it，其中“it”指代的是前一句中的“competition”。两个破折号之间的内容解释“the ecological definition”。句意：两个或更多的生物体同时对有限的生态环境资源有需求，如营养物质、生存空间、光——这一生态学定义更好地解释了竞争(的含义)。故选D项。
2．According to the author，what causes the high school students to compete?
A．The number of them is too large.
B．Friendship is a burden for them.
C．They know the laws of nature well.
D．They are divided into different groups.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，高中生活与自然界一样有一系列的规则，这与达尔文关于进化、人口过多和竞争的理论相似。也正是因为学生人数众多，为了区分，所以对学生进行了排名、分类。再加上考大学这一高中生活的最终目标的压力，高中生之间的竞争就不可避免地产生了。故选A项。
3．Which best describes the relationship of friendship and competition?
A．Friendship is always based on competition.
B．The degree of competition is vital to friendship.
C．Competition is terribly harmful to friendship.
D．Competition is a result of lost friendship.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Healthy，friendly competition can have only benefits，but when it becomes too fierce，jealousy(妒忌) can tear friendship apart.”可知，健康的、友好的竞争对友谊有好处，而过于激烈的、存在妒忌的竞争会使友谊破裂。因此竞争的度对友谊是至关重要的。故选B项。
4．What does the author think of “competition”？
A．The results of competition are out of control.
B．Competition becomes fiercer in high school.
C．Competition is certain to happen in high school.
D．Friendship is not as important as competition in high schools.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“Nevertheless，by necessity，competition between students exists in all aspects of high school life.”可知，作者认为高中生活的各个方面存在竞争是必然的。故选C项。
B
The Chinese Tang Dynasty poet Du Fu is often called the sage(圣人) of poetry.Unlike Li Bai, this poet wrote in various styles, and his works were often innovative(创新的) in language and subject matter.His poems were also filled with meaning.
His innovation was not at all welcome.The readers of his time rarely showed much appreciation for his original and innovative works.The masses in fact hated and scolded them.Like many artists, Du Fu was only recognized for his genius long after his death.
Du Fu was born in Luoyang of Henan.Although he came from an influential literary family, his early attempts to gain a position in the government by way of the exam system failed repeatedly.He was 43 years old when he finally managed to hold an official position.This was the time when Emperor Xuanzong was attracted to the beautiful Yang Yuhuan and made her his concubine(妃子), which Du Fu severely criticized in his Song of the Beautiful Ladies.
As the emperor got distracted(分心) from important government affairs, some military leaders were becoming too powerful.Du Fu took office in 755, and in the same year a rebel leader An Lushan led his army into the capital of Tang Dynasty.The emperor fled to the west and left the governing of the state to his son.Du Fu and his family took the road north to escape the rebels.
The poet left his family and tried to get to the headquarters of the new emperor, but he was caught and held prisoner by the rebels in Chang’an.After order was restored again, Du Fu got back his position in the capital.However, he did not enjoy the favor of the new emperor and was given a minor provincial post.In 759 he finally left this disgraceful position and spent the rest of his life wandering around the country.
【解题导语】 本文介绍了唐朝诗人杜甫的生平。
5．What do we know about Li Bai’s poems?
A．They were consistent in style.
B．They were like the poems of Du Fu.
C．They used more complex language.
D．They were written in various styles.
A 解析：推理判断题。第一段说明，杜甫的诗歌风格多样，这点跟李白的诗歌不同。由此推断，李白的诗歌风格一致。
6．What can we infer from the third paragraph?
A．Du Fu didn’t like to be an official.
B．Du Fu was not loyal to the emperor.
C．Du Fu became an official in his 30s.
D．Du Fu was concerned about government affairs.
D 解析：推理判断题。对于唐玄宗和杨贵妃的事情，杜甫在诗歌中加以猛烈抨击，说明他关心政务。
7．What happened in the late years of Du Fu’s life?
A．He changed his writing style.
B．He wandered around the country.
C．He was called back by the emperor.
D．He enjoyed his minor provincial post.
B 解析：细节理解题。从文章最后一段最后一句可知，杜甫的余生是在全国到处漂泊。
8．What is the text mainly about?
A．Du Fu’s life.
B．Du Fu’s poetry.
C．The rule of Emperor Xuanzong.
D．Du Fu’s political career.
A 解析：主旨大意题。综览全文，文章前面对杜甫的诗歌略做介绍，后面又重点介绍了他的生平。
语法填空
Last summer，I began the biggest adventure of my life.I moved from a tiny city in England to one of the largest 1.____________(city) in the world.
As the plane touched down in Beijing, I 2.____________(feel) excited—I finally arrived after months of planning.One of the first things I did was to visit the city’s hutongs.With the warm air filled with the smell of delicious food，I was 3.____________(happy) working my way through the restaurants, 4.____________were located in the hutongs.
I am slowly getting used to the different ways of life, 5.____________I still find some habits here quite strange and 6.____________(humor)．British people are raised not to make any sort of bodily noise at the dinner table or in public，so it was 7.____________funny culture shock at first to hear the sharp voice of Chinese dinners or the throat-clearing sounds of colleagues.Something else I have discovered is the attention that being a foreigner brings. Sometimes，some people stare and try to take secret photos of me.
My dream is 8.____________(buy) a motorbike and travel from one end to the other of this beautiful country, 9.____________(take) photos and meeting new people along the way.My adventure in China is only just beginning, and I can’t wait to see 10.____________it turns out.
【解题导语】 本文主要讲述了一个外国人的中国之旅。
1．cities 解析：考查名词的数。city是可数名词，且one of后加可数名词的复数，表示“……之一”，故此处用city的复数形式 cities。
2．felt 解析：考查动词时态。根据语境可知，事情发生在过去，故用一般过去时。
3．happily 解析：考查副词。此处应用副词happily修饰动词working。
4．which 解析：考查定语从句。which引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰先行词the restaurants。
5．but 解析：考查连词。根据语境可知，上下文表示逻辑上的转折关系，故用连词but。
6．humorous 解析：考查词性转换。空前and连接两个并列成分，strange是形容词，故此处用humor的形容词形式humorous。
7．a 解析：考查冠词。空后中心词是culture shock，需填一个不定冠词，此处表示“一种有趣的文化冲击”，故填a。
8．to buy 解析：考查非谓语动词。此处不定式表示将来的概念，在句子中作表语，表示“我的梦想是买一辆摩托车”。
9．taking 解析：考查非谓语动词。由空后的and meeting可知，空处应用现在分词作伴随状语。
10．how 解析：考查连词。how引导宾语从句，在从句中作方式状语。
B卷
阅读理解
I was blind, but I was ashamed of it if it was known. I refused to use a white stick and hated asking for help. After all, I was a teenage girl, and I couldn’t bear people to look at me and think I was not like them. I must have been a terrible danger on the roads. Coming across me wandering through the traffic, motorists probably would have to step rapidly on their brakes. Apart from that, there were all sorts of disasters that used to occur on the way to and from work.
One evening, I got off the bus about halfway home where I had to change buses, and as usual I ran into something. “I’m awfully sorry，” I said and stepped forward only to run into it again. When it happened a third time, I realized I had been apologizing to a lamppost(路灯杆). This was just one of the stupid things that constantly happened to me. So I carried on and found the bus stop, which was a request stop, where the bus wouldn’t stop unless passengers wanted to get on or off. No one else was there and I had to try to guess if the bus had arrived.
Generally in this situation, because I hated showing I was blind by asking for help, I tried to guess at the sound. Sometimes I would stop a big lorry and stand there feeling stupid as it drew away. In the end, I usually managed to swallow my pride and ask someone at the stop for help.
But on this particular evening no one joined me at the stop; it seemed that everyone had suddenly decided not to travel by bus. Of course I heard plenty of buses pass, or I thought I did. But because I had given up stopping them for fear of making a fool of myself, I let them all go by. I stood there alone for half an hour without stopping one. Then I gave up. I decided to walk on to the next stop.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章记述了作者身为盲人，而不愿意让别人知道，也不愿意向别人求助的事情。通过作者等公共汽车的事情，她体会到了有的时候还是需要别人的帮助。
1．The girl refused to ask for help because she thought ________．
A．she might be recognized
B．asking for help looked silly
C．she was normal and independent
D．being found blind was embarrassing
D 解析：细节理解题。根据本文第一句“I was blind, but I was ashamed of it if it was known.”可知答案。
2．After the girl got off the bus that evening, she ________．
A．began to run
B．hit a person as usual
C．hit a lamppost by accident
D．was caught by something
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段前三句，特别是第三句“When it happened a third time, I realized I had been apologizing to a lamppost(路灯杆)．”可知选C。
3．At the request stop that evening, the girl ________．
A．stopped a big lorry
B．stopped the wrong bus
C．made no attempt to stop the bus
D．was not noticed by other people
C 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，作者害怕拦错车使自己难堪，所以放弃拦车。故选C。
4．What was the problem with guessing at the sound to stop a bus?
A．Other vehicles also stopped there.
B．It was unreliable for making judgements.
C．More lorries than buses responded to the girl.
D．It took too much time for the girl to catch the bus.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段“I tried to guess ... as it drew away.”和第四段的“But because I had...all go by.”看出根据声音来判断车辆是不可靠的。故选B。
完形填空
Have you ever traveled around by bike? This spring my older brother and I 1 the busy city and spent a long weekend 2 in the countryside. Our speed was only around 1 kph, but we didn’t 3 . We hadn’t come to break any speed records, 4 . All we wanted was some 5 air and a break from schoolwork.
We really 6 ourselves while cycling along traffic-free country paths. There was plenty of sunshine, 7 it was quite cold, 8 in the mornings. The good news was that soon we 9 as we rode along. Our only 10 was when my brakes(刹车) started making a terrible noise. But I didn’t care as it gave us an 11 to visit a café while a bike mechanic(机修工) had a look at it.
Every few kilometers there was a 12 where we could talk with local people. One of the women was very 13 and showed us the way when we got lost. On Saturday night we were 14 at 2 a．m. by some young people. They kept singing loudly in the next room, which made us 15 all night. We felt very 16 when we got up the next morning. Soon we 17 . We were more cheerful on the way when the sun came out. 18 ， things like that happened only once. Anyway I still like traveling around by bike—it’s 19 and it’s fun. If you’re looking for a short break that’s active and cheap, then cycling is a great 20 ！
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者和哥哥在周末骑自行车去乡下游玩的经历。
1．A．left B．visited
C．found D．reached
A 解析：由该空后的“spent a long weekend ______ in the countryside”可知，哥哥和“我”“离开(left)”繁忙的城市去了乡下。
2．A．painting B．studying
C．teaching D．cycling
D 解析：下段的“cycling along traffic-free country paths”是提示。
3．A．regret B．mind
C．fail D．realize
B 解析：由该空后的“We hadn’t come to break any speed records”可知，我们的车速只有14公里每小时，但是我们并不“介意(mind)”。
4．A．at last B．as well
C．after all D．at most
C 解析：“毕竟(after all)”，我们不是来打破速度纪录的。
5．A．fresh B．thin
C．cool D．dry
A 解析：从城市来到乡下应该是想呼吸一下“新鲜的(fresh)”空气。
6．A．hurt B．hated
C．changed D．enjoyed
D 解析：由该空后的“cycling along traffic-free country paths”可知，在没有汽车的乡间小路上，我们无忧无虑地骑着自行车，十分享受。enjoy oneself“玩得愉快”。
7．A．but B．so
C．or D．unless
A 解析：该空前后为转折关系，故填but。
8．A．probably B．especially
C．specially D．immediately
B 解析：“特别(especially)”是在早上非常冷。
9．A．came back B．gave up
C．warmed up D．calmed down
C 解析：由上文的“it was quite cold”和“The good news”可知，我们骑了一会自行车“暖和(warmed up)多了”。
10．A．wish B．problem
C．decision D．memory
B 解析：由该空后的“my brakes(刹车) started making a terrible noise”可知，这里是说“问题(problem)”。
11．A．order B．opinion
C．excuse D．explanation
C 解析：由该空后的“visit a café while a bike mechanic (机修工) had a look at it ”可知，趁着机修工帮我们修自行车，我们就有“借口(excuse)”去餐馆逛一逛了。
12．A．city B．lake
C．school D．village
D 解析：由第一段的“the countryside”和该空后的“we could talk with local people”可知，这里是说每隔几公里就有一个“村庄(village)”。
13．A．friendly B．honest
C．stupid D．nervous
A 解析：由该空后的“showed us the way when we got lost”可知，这位妇女是非常“友好的(friendly)”。
14．A．saved B．paid
C．woken D．greeted
C 解析：由下文的“They kept singing loudly in the next room”可知，我们被隔壁的一些年轻人“吵醒(woken)”了。
15．A．excited B．sleepless
C．speechless D．frightened
B 解析：他们唱歌的声音让我们彻夜“未眠(sleepless)”。
16．A．shy B．busy
C．bored D．tired
D 解析：一晚上没有休息好，所以早上起来后应该是感觉很“累(tired)”。
17．A．set off B．called back
C．settled down D．broke down
A 解析：由该空后的“We were more cheerful on the way”可知，很快我们就“出发(set off)”了。
18．A．Strangely B．Doubtfully
C．Luckily D．Naturally
C 解析：由该空后的“things like that happened only once”可知，像那样的事情只发生了一次，所以非常“幸运(Luckily)”。
19．A．true B．simple
C．difficult D．dangerous
B 解析：骑着自行车游玩“简单(simple)”又快乐。
20．A．goal B．dream
C．result D．choice
D 解析：总览全文可知，作者认为骑自行车游玩是一个很好的“选择(choice)”。
短文改错
Students should wear school uniforms. First, it was school uniforms that can create unity and pride between students. Second, avoid wasting money, students should form the habit of wearing school uniforms. If a student cannot afforded nice clothing, he does not have to worry about if he is poorly dressed or not. Finally, the gap between the wealthy or the poor is closed because they all look a same. Other may argue that uniforms are likely to prevent students from think freely. However, it is clear that when there are more advantages than disadvantages.
答案：
Students should wear school uniforms. First, it school uniforms that can create unity and pride students. Second, avoid wasting money, students should form the habit of wearing school uniforms. If a student cannot nice clothing, he does not have to worry about he is poorly dressed or not. Finally, the gap between the wealthy the poor is closed because they all look same. may argue that uniforms are likely to prevent students from freely. However, it is clear that there are more advantages than disadvantages.
Section Ⅳ Grammar & Writing
否定词与否定句
否定的基本类型有：全部否定，部分否定，双重否定。
英语中常见的否定词有：
(1)副词：not(不)，never(从来不，绝不)，hardly/scarcely(几乎不)，seldom(很少)，rarely(很少)，nowhere(没有地方)，neither(也不)。
(2)代词：little(没多少)，few(没几个)，none(没有)，nothing(一无所有)，no one/nobody(没有人)，neither(两者都不)。
(3)形容词：否定形容词多以否定前缀 un?， in?， im?， dis?， ir?， ab?及否定后缀?less构成。unable(不能的), unfit(不合适的), uncommon(不常见的), incomplete(不完全的), inaccurate(不准确的), incapable(不能的), impossible(不可能的), impolite(不礼貌的), dissatisfactory(令人不满意的), irregular(不规则的), abnormal(不正常的), helpless(无助的), hopeless(绝望的)。
(4)否定动词：dislike(不喜欢), disobey(不服从), displease(使不高兴)。
(5)其他否定词：without prep.(没有), unless conj.(除非), before prep.& conj.(还没)。
(6)含否定意义的短语：free from(没有), far from(远非), in no case(任何情况下都不， 决不), at no time(任何时候都不， 决不)等。
3．常见否定句：否定副词not, seldom, never, hardly, rarely, nowhere等与谓语动词连用。
I can hardly understand what he said just now.
我几乎不能理解他刚才所说的话。
这些否定副词用于句首时， 主句要使用倒装语序。
Seldom does he go to work late. 他很少上班迟到。
Never in my life have I heard such nonsense!
我这辈子从来没有听过这种废话！
4．否定祈使句：由“Don’t或Never＋动词原形”构成。
Don’t let negativity ruin your motivation.
不要让消极情绪破坏了你的动力。
Never judge people by their appearance.
不可以貌取人。
全部否定：由“否定主语(否定代词或no＋名词)＋肯定谓语”构成。
Nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it.
世上无难事， 只怕有心人。
No man is born wise. 人非生而知之。
常用“neither/nor＋助动词/情态动词＋主语”来表达“某人也不……”。
If you don’t accept his invitation, neither shall I.
如果你不接受他的邀请，我也不接受。
否定转移：常见的否定转移有两种情况：
(1)含有原因状语从句的主从复合句，形式上虽然是否定主句的谓语，然而意义上是否定该原因状语，译为“并不因为……而……”。
The mountain is not valuable because it is high.
山不在高。
(2)当主语是第一人称，而且think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine等动词引导否定意义的宾语从句时，通常把从句中的not 提前，把主句变成否定句，从句用肯定形式。
We don’t believe that the news is true.
我们相信这个消息不是真的。
(1)把这些发生否定转移的句子变为反意疑问句时，疑问部分应与宾语从句主谓部分构成反意疑问句。
I don’t think that he is honest, is he?
我认为他不诚实，是吗？
(2)not常用在I think, I believe, I expect, I suppose, I guess, I’m afraid 之后，构成省略句。
—Do you think it will be a fine day tomorrow?
——你认为明天天气会好吗？
—I’m afraid not.
——恐怕不会。
—Do you believe that Rocket will win the game?
——你相信火箭队会赢吗？
—I believe not.(＝I don’t believe so.)
——我看不会。
否定疑问句：常用来表示反问、惊讶、建议、赞叹等语气。
Don’t you know these traffic rules?
难道你不知道这些交通规则吗？
Isn’t it a lovely day？ 天气多好啊！
在回答否定疑问句时， 要根据具体事实作答。若事实是肯定的，就用Yes, ＋肯定形式；反之，就用No, ＋否定形式。
8．非谓语动词的否定式：通常把 not 或 never 放在非谓语动词 to do, doing 的前面。
I advised him not to smoke but he wouldn’t listen.
我劝他别抽烟，可他不愿意听。
Not having received a reply, she wrote him another letter. 由于没有收到他的回信，她又给他写了一封信。
双重否定句：由两个否定词搭配构成，表示一个较强的肯定语气。
Without air or water, man can not live on the earth.
没有空气和水，人类是无法在地球上生存的。
He will not do it for nothing.
他不会无缘无故做这件事。
There is no success without hardships.
不经历风雨，哪有彩虹。
He was nothing if not clever.
他很聪明。(“nothing if not”表示“极其”)
10．部分否定：通常由 not 与表示整体意义的词(如：everyone, everything, all, each, always, entirely等)连用来表达。
Everything on the Internet is not reliable.
网络上的东西并非都是可信的。
I’m not always at home on Sundays.
我星期天不一定总在家。
含蓄否定：英语中有些句子虽然并不使用否定词，但也能表达否定意思。
That is more than I can do. 我干不了那件事。
This is the last thing I would ever want to do.
这是我最不愿意做的事。
It is three years since he was a teacher.
他不当教师已经三年了。(在“It is ＋时间段＋since...”结构中，从句谓语是延续性动词时表示否定意义)
否定形式表达肯定意义：英语中有些句子形式否定但却表达肯定意义，对其理解切不可望文生义。
Isn’t this film moving？ 这部电影难道不感人吗？(否定疑问句常表示肯定意义)
English is not too difficult to learn. 英语并不太难学。(双重否定句表示肯定意义)
He is too ready to help others. 他总是乐于助人。(too 修饰ready, glad, anxious, eager 等词时相当于very)
You cannot be too careful to do your homework.(或者：You can never be careful enough to do your homework.) 你做作业越仔细越好。(或者：你做作业无论怎样仔细也不过分。)
He is too careful not to have noticed it. 他那么小心，一定会注意到这一点的。(too...not to do...表示“太……不会不……”)
There is nothing but sands left after the forest was destroyed. 森林被毁之后，只剩下沙地。(nothing but 相当于only)
Jack didn’t understand why his mother was angry with him until she told him everything. 直到杰克的母亲把一切和盘托出，他才明白母亲为什么跟他生气。(not...until 表示“直到……才”)
—Mr.Li is a good teacher. ——李老师是个好老师。
—I can’t agree more. ——我完全赞同。(否定词与比较级连用，强调所修饰词的肯定意义)
Why don’t you come and join us in the game?
(或者：Why not come and join us in the game？)
你为什么不和我们一起玩游戏呢？(Why don’t you...？或Why not...？表示邀请、建议等肯定意义)
对接高考
The research group produced two reports based on the survey, but ____________ contained any useful suggestions.
以这个调查为基础，研究团队做了两个报告，但是没有一个包含任何有用的建议。
neither 解析：句意：以这个调查为基础，研究团队做了两个报告，但是________包含任何有用的建议。根据空前的but可知本题前后两部分为转折关系，前半部分说“以这个调查为基础，研究团队做了两个报告”，故后半部分意思应为“两个报告都不包含任何有用的建议”。neither两者都不。故填neither。
用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空
Neither ____________ I ____________(know) him nor I ____________(hear) of him.
答案：have；known；have heard
Sandy could do nothing but ____________(admit)to his teacher that he was wrong.
答案：admit
Neither of the two machines is good and that is to say“The machine is ____________(not) better than that one.”
答案：no
There is_____________(no)more tiring than not succeeding.
答案：nothing
My brother ____________(not) study very hard，but he always gets excellent grades.
答案：doesn’t
You ____________(not see)Tom at the meeting yesterday.He has been on holiday in Paris for a week.
答案：can’t have seen
He always goes there by train, but why not ____________(go) by boat for a change?
答案：go
John dare ____________(not tell) his father about his failure in the exam.
答案：not tell
When we got to the cinema, the film hasn’t started yet, so we needn’t ____________(hurry)．
答案：have hurried
Not once ____________ he ____________(talk) to me last year.
答案：did；talk
句型转换
将否定词放在句首，改写下列各句。
I have never heard a speech as exciting as this one.
→____________________________________
答案：Never have I heard a speech as exciting as this one.
I had hardly turned off the light when my mother came in.
→____________________________________
答案：Hardly had I turned off the light when my mother came in.
It has at no time been more difficult for us to pass the exam.
→____________________________________
答案：At no time has it been more difficult for us to pass the exam.
He did not speak a word at the meeting.
→____________________________________
答案：Not a word did he speak at the meeting.
Mary not only complained about the food, but also she refused to pay for it.
→____________________________________
答案：Not only did Mary complain about the food, but also she refused to pay for it.
She had no sooner begun to speak than I sensed that something was wrong.
→____________________________________
答案：No sooner had she begun to speak than I sensed that something was wrong.
语法与写作
—Would you like to join us in the party?
—________________________(我恐怕不行), for I have something important to do.
答案：I’m afraid not
________________________(不要承诺任何事情) unless you are one hundred percent sure.
答案：Don’t promise anything
You ________________________(不可能饿) yet—you had lunch only two hours ago!
答案：can’t be hungry
I think this is the first time that we have met; ______________________________(我们不可能见过面) each other before.
答案：never have we seen/we have never seen
—The old man wouldn’t stay at home for a rest even if it rained.
—________________________(我奶奶也不)．She would feel sick if she stayed at home for one day.
答案：Neither/Nor would my grandma
By no means ________________(她将同意) to our plan for the trip.
答案：will she agree
Nothing but two ancient Chinese coins ________________(他们发现) in it after they took out the jar.
答案：did they find
—Few of the books are of great use to my report.
—________________(我不这么认为)．
答案：I don’t think so
Not until the fire was under control ________________________(居民被允许) to return home.
答案：were the residents allowed
Have you heard the famous saying that “________________________(不劳无获)．”
答案：No pains, no gains
如何写英文文学评论
文体感知
本单元的写作项目是写英文文学评论。要注意以下几点：
1．定时态：对故事的描述用一般现在时。
2．定框架：根据文学评论的写作要求， 第一段介绍作者、文章的标题和写作背景， 第二段介绍故事梗概及主要人物，第三段写故事的重要主题，讨论故事中的象征意义，第四段发表作者自身的看法及评价。
3．定要点：把表格中的小标题和细节要点中的短语有机地结合， 表述成句、成篇。
4．书写英文文学评论的要求：
(1)要注意评论的科学性。
(2)要注意见解的独创性。
(3)采用叙议结合、叙评结合的写法。
(4)要注意评论语言的生动性。
写作要求
根据下面表格中提供的信息，写一篇关于The home-made ball的文学评论。词数：100左右(开头已给出，不计入总词数)。
作者
Jerry Johnson
背景
现代美国
人物描述
·主角Kevin和好朋友Mike每天踢自制的足球
·Kevin得到新的运动鞋和足球后， 友情突变
主题讨论
·重要主题：友谊
·新旧象征：
旧的东西象征友谊， 如旧自制足球、旧长椅；
新的东西象征挑战， 如新运动鞋、新足球
个人观点(两点或两点以上)
The home-made ball is a short story written by Jerry Johnson.The story is set in modern-day America.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
审题谋篇
项目
结论
体裁
书评
话题
关于The home-made ball的文学评论
时态
一般现在时
人称
第三人称和第一人称
词句推敲
1．词汇
①以……为背景________________
②象征________________
③依我来看________________
④对……有教育意义________________
答案：①be set in ②symbolize ③in my opinion ④be educational to
2．句式
(1)一句多译
①主人公是一个叫Kevin的男孩。
The main character is a boy who is called Kevin.
→________________________________________________________________________
②依我来看， 这个故事很好，很值得读，它对我们很有教育意义。
In my opinion, this story is really good and worth reading, because it is educational to us.
→________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
(2)不同层次句式表达法
也就是说， 友谊是最重要的。
一般表达：That is, friendship is the most important.
高级表达：
________________________________________________________________________
(3)改写句子或合并句子
The old things symbolize friendship.
Friendship is the most valuable thing and it needs to be valued.(用定语从句合并句子)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
答案：(1)①The main character is a boy called Kevin.
②From my point of view, this story is really good and worth reading, which is educational to us.
(2)That is, nothing is more important than friendship.
(3)The old things symbolize the most valuable thing—friendship, which needs to be valued.
妙笔成篇
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
The_home-made_ball__is_a_short_story_written_by_Jerry_Johnson.The_story_is_set_in_
modern-day_America.
The main character is a boy called Kevin.Kevin and Mike are good friends who play football with their home-made ball every day, but when Kevin gets new sneakers and a new football, things change.Friendship is an important theme in this short story.The author, Jerry Johnson, uses the old and new things, like the old home-made ball and the new football, the old bench and new sneakers as symbols.The old things symbolize the most valuable thing—friendship, which needs to be valued.The new things symbolize the challenges that the most valuable thing meets.
From my point of view, this story is really good and worth reading, which is educational to us. That is, nothing is more important than friendship.
A卷
单句语法填空
1．He has two friends. ____________ of them works as a teacher.
答案：Neither
2．The work is ____________ but easy.
答案：nothing
3．It was not ____________ midday that they reached the mountain top.
答案：until
4．He kept the secret in order not ____________(lose) his job in the company.
答案：to lose
5．You cannot be careful ____________ in driving a car.
答案：enough
6．It’s ____________(no) clear who will be chosen to do the job.
答案：not
7．Li Hua needn’t ____________(call) me yesterday because I knew it.
答案：have called
8．A school lies not far from here, so they ____________(not allow) us to park here.
答案：do not allow
9．Vitamins do not provide energy, ____________ do they construct or build up any part of the body.
答案：nor
10．But ____________ the rain, we would have gone to see the exhibition.
答案：for
阅读理解
Don’t have plenty of time for reading？If you are interested in non－fiction books, here are good choices for you.
A Room of One’s Own
This essay by English writer Virginia Woolf is based on her several lectures given to two women’s colleges at Cambridge University in 1928. In it, Woolf describes that it’s circumstance not talent alone that allows men to be more successful at writing. Women, in other words, spend so much time cooking, cleaning, and tending to their children that they have no time left for art. To write well, therefore, a woman must have “a room of her own”. While on its surface, this essay appears to be only about writing, it is actually about wealth and class, freedom and imprisonment, and the power struggle between sexes.
The Art of War
Written by ancient Chinese military strategist Sun Zi, The Art of War is widely considered to be one of the best books about military strategy(军事战略) in human history. Consisting of 13 chapters, each dealing with a separate aspect about how to fight a war, the book has been translated into many languages and has thousands of editions. For centuries, it has been used to train military leaders for its detailed study of military strategy and effective leadership.
Letter to My Daughter
This book of essays and poems by Maya Angelou, a respectable American poet, is written for “the daughter she never had”—the millions of women, both young and old, who she considers to be her “family”. From the viewpoint of a caring, older relative, this book contains lessons selected from her own life experiences, including the birth of her only child, a son, as well as the development and loss of friendship.
A Brief History of Time
If you’re short on time, then why not read about, well, the creation of time？This book, first published in 1998 from brilliant scientist and mathematician Stephen Hawking, explores mindbending questions about the creation of the universe, including if and when it will end, and if so, how. Despite its heavy subject matter, Hawking addresses these questions in a way that’s easy to understand, even for those who know little about physics.
【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了四本文学作品。
1．What can we learn about the four books?
A．A Brief History of Time mainly focuses on the matter of time.
B．Letter to My Daughter is actually a common family letter.
C．The Art of War gives advice on how to be military leaders.
D．A Room of One’s Own is more than about writing.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“While on its surface, this essay appears to be only about writing, it is actually about wealth and class, freedom and imprisonment, and the power struggle between sexes.”可知，虽然表面上这篇文章只跟写作有关，但是实际上它是有关财富和社会等级，自由和监禁以及两性之间的权力之争的，所以D项正确。
2．What can be inferred from the passage?
A．As a physicist, Hawking is equally famous for writing.
B．Maya devotes herself to fighting for women’s rights.
C．The book by Sun Zi is helpful in policymaking.
D．Woolf looks down upon men in writing.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The Art of War is widely considered to be one of the best books about military strategy(军事战略)”和“each dealing with a separate aspect about how to fight a war”可知，The Art of War对政策的制定有帮助。所以选项C正确。
3．What is the purpose of the passage?
A．To make comparisons between the four books.
B．To recommend the four books to readers.
C．To make comments on the four books.
D．To promote sales of the four books.
B 解析：写作意图题。根据第一段“Don’t have plenty of time for reading？If you are interested in non－fiction books, here are good choices for you.”可知，写作本文的目的是向读者介绍文中提到的四本作品。所以选项B正确。
完形填空
I have forgotten the name of the old lady, who was a customer on my newspaper route.Yet it
1 in my memory that she taught me a lesson in 2 that I shall never forget.
On a winter afternoon, a friend and I were 3 stones onto the roof of the old lady’s house near her garden.The 4 was to observe how the stones changed to missiles as they 5 to the roof’s edge and fell into the yard like comets (彗星) falling from the 6 ．I found myself a perfectly smooth rock and threw it.The stone was too 7 ， however, so it slipped from my hand as I let it go and headed straight for a small 8 ．At the sound of broken glass, we knew we were in 9 ．We ran faster than any of our stones flying off her roof.
I was too 10 about getting caught that first night to be 11 about the old lady with the broken window in winter. 12 ， a few days later, when I was sure that I hadn’t been discovered, I started to feel 13 for her trouble.She still greeted me with a smile each day when I gave her the newspaper, but I was no longer able to act 14 when seeing her.
I decided that I would save my paper delivery money, and in three weeks I had the seven dollars that I thought would 15 the cost of her window and sent it to her in an envelope.
The next day, I 16 the old lady her paper.She thanked me for the paper and gave me a bag of biscuits she had made herself.I thanked her and ate the biscuits 17 I continued my route.
After several cookies, I felt an envelope and pulled it out of the 18 ．When I opened the envelope, I was 19 ．Inside were the seven dollars and a short note that 20 ， “I’m proud of you.”
1．A．fails B．fades
C．impresses D．remains
D 解析：根据后文内容可知那个老妇人做的事情始终留在了作者的脑海中， 故选D。
2．A．forgiveness B．value
C．honesty D．gratefulness
A 解析：forgiveness “宽恕， 原谅”； value “价值”； honesty “诚实”； gratefulness “感激”。根据后文可知老太太并没有责怪作者和作者朋友的行为， 也原谅了他们把玻璃打碎的事情， 故选A。
3．A．collecting B．putting
C．throwing D．placing
C 解析：根据句意可知作者和朋友是在向那个老太太的屋顶投掷石头， 故选C。
4．A．subject B．theme
C．topic D．object
D 解析：subject“主题， 学科”； theme “主题， 话题”； topic “主题”； object “目标”。根据句意可知作者和朋友扔石子的目的是想要观察石头在空中运动的轨迹， 故选D。
5．A．shot B．rolled
C．got D．dropped
B 解析：根据句意可知作者是想要观察石头从屋顶上滚落下来到院子中的那个过程， 故选B。
6．A．earth B．ocean
C．sky D．universe
C 解析：根据前文可知作者他们觉得石头从屋顶滚落的样子就像是彗星从空中坠落一样， 故选C。
7．A．smooth B．square
C．heavy D．beautiful
A 解析：根据上一句“perfectly smooth rock”可知， 这块石头十分光滑， 故选A。
8．A．ceiling B．door
C．chimney D．window
D 解析：根据下文可知因为石头非常光滑， 在作者脱手之后径直飞向了一扇小的窗户， 故选D。
9．A．danger B．trouble
C．surprise D．comfort
B 解析：根据句意可知因为打碎了别人家的玻璃， 作者和朋友们意识到遇到了麻烦， 故选B。
10．A．scared B．excited
C．disappointed D．confused
A 解析：scared “害怕的”； excited “兴奋的”； disappointed “沮丧的， 失望的”； confused “困惑的”。根据句意可知作者十分害怕因为打碎了人家的窗户而被抓到， 故选A。
11．A．frightened B．depressed
C．puzzled D．concerned
D 解析：frightened “害怕的”； depressed “沮丧的， 抑郁的”； puzzled “困惑的”； concerned “担忧的”。根据句意可知作者当晚十分害怕， 根本就没有担心在寒冷的冬天窗户被打破的老太太， 故选D。
12．A．However B．Therefore
C．Besides D．Furthermore
A 解析：根据句意和语境可以推断过了几天都没事， 作者以为自己没被发现， 这里表转折， 故选A。
13．A．honored B．guilty
C．pleased D．pressed
B 解析：honored “光荣的， 荣幸的”； guilty “内疚的”； pleased “愉快的”； pressed “(时间、资金等)紧缺的， 短缺的； 压平的”。根据句意可知因为没被发现，作者现在看到这个老人就会感到很愧疚， 故选B。
14．A．proud B．active
C．comfortable D．energetic
C 解析：proud “自豪的”； active “积极的”； comfortable “舒服的， 自然的”； energetic “有活力的”。根据句意可知作者因为心怀愧疚所以面对那位老太太时会觉得心里不舒服， 故选C。
15．A．include B．increase
C．cover D．mend
C 解析：include “包括”； increase “增加”； cover “足以支付”； mend “修理”。根据句意可知作者积攒了一点钱想要交给那个老太太来赔偿自己打破窗户造成的损失， 故选C。
16．A．handed B．turned
C．passed D．sent
A 解析：hand “递给”； turn “旋转”； pass “通过”； send “寄送”。根据句意可知是作者递给老妇人她的报纸， 故选A。
17．A．because B．where
C．since D．as
D 解析：根据句意可知作者谢谢老妇人给了自己饼干， 在继续去送报纸的路上吃了几块， 故选D。
18．A．paper B．pocket
C．bag D．wallet
C 解析：根据前文可知饼干是装在一个袋子里的， 此时作者在其中摸到了一个信封， 故选C。
19．A．annoyed B．surprised
C．amused D．delighted
B 解析：annoyed “烦恼的”； surprised “惊讶的”； amused “愉快的”； delighted “高兴的”。根据前后文可以知道作者此时看到信封里的东西是感到很惊讶的， 故选B。
20．A．attached B．said
C．told D．wrote
B 解析：便签条上或信上写着什么一般用say来表达， 故选B。
B卷
阅读理解
A
A Song of Ice and Fire is a seven－part series of fantasy written for adults. George R．R. Martin writes each chapter from the perspective of a specific character, providing a limited point of view for each section. The reader is able to understand the inner workings of the individual, but the reader is barred from a whole understanding of the text. The world he has created has magic, but there is much more than that. While magic exists, it exists on the edge, and the inner unrest of the characters is much more important.
His work also has a level of realness that is astonishing in a work of fantasy. Characters are imperfect，and many make questionable moral choices. In the end，however，Martin shows that both good and bad happen to both the people of high moral standard and the corrupt. He has made it clear that any character can die at any point，which has led to a lot of heartbreak from readers.
In 2011, A Song of Ice and Fire became a television series titled Game of Thrones. Martin has been closely involved with the production. It has currently run for seven seasons，and viewers anxiously await the eighth season to answer their questions from the season seven finale.
His fans are also waiting for The Winds of Winter and A Dream of Spring, the next books in the series，to answer the questions Martin and the television show have not yet addressed. Martin，however，has no plans to rush. He has made it clear that he will continue to write the books while working on the television show and writing other novels.
But how will the story continue? What is going to happen in Westeros，and more importantly: When are we going to find out? Martin’s skill as a writer has kept readers and viewers spellbound. Many hope he will finish the next book before the next season of the show begins，but no one knows with Martin. He always keeps his readers guessing.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了George R. R. Martin的《冰与火之歌》的创作风格与写作手法，该书被拍成电视剧后，备受观众追捧；此外，Martin还将要写该系列的另外两本书《凛冬的寒风》和《春晓之梦》，这被观众翘首以待。
1．One of the characteristics of A Song of Ice and Fire is ________．
A．each chapter is written from a limited point of view
B．magic is the center of the story
C．Martin has made imperfect characters die at any point
D．many characters make astonishing choices
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的George R. R. Martin writes each chapter from the perspective of a specific character，providing a limited point of view for each section.可知，Martin从某个特定人物的视角来写每一章节，为每一部分提供有限的视角。故A项正确。
2．What is George R. R. Martin’s A Song of Ice and Fire considered to be?
A．One of his masterworks of fantasy.
B．An unsuccessful screen adaptation.
C．An artistic creation for the TV.
D．One of the best TV programmes.
A 解析：细节理解题。由文章的第三段可知，《冰与火之歌》被改编成了电视剧，目前已经有七季。观众们正在焦急地等待第八季的上映。由此可知，George R. R. Martin的A Song of Ice and Fire很受人们欢迎。故可推知，该作品是Martin的经典之作。故A项正确。
3．What does the word “address” in the fourth paragraph mean?
A．Written. B．Spoken.
C．Solved. D．Directed.
C 解析：词义猜测题。根据第四段第一句可知，粉丝们正在等着该小说系列里的《凛冬的寒风》和《春晓之梦》两本书来解答Martin和电视剧未解决的疑问。因此，address的意思是“解决”。由此可知C项正确。
4．How will the ending of the story be?
A．Interesting. B．Confusing.
C．Novel. D．Unknown.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的He always keeps his readers guessing.可知，这个故事的结尾将是未知的。故D项正确。
B
With the ever-increasing popularity of online shopping, users’ reviews are becoming more and more important. Given that you can’t actually touch, see, smell or hear the product you’re buying online, these reviews will provide you with valuable information on the product itself. But how far can you trust them?
Barnaby Bicken had an unpleasant experience.“I took some friends to a restaurant in Manchester that had excellent reviews on a food website. However, the service was awful and we were ignored most of the time. Later, I wrote a review on the same site only to be told that the review site owner would not accept any bad reviews—only the good ones.”
So, how can you get a useful review? Web expert Hilary Saunders has a few top tips.“If there are only a few reviews of a place, there is a good chance that they have been planted by friends or enemies. If there are many reviews, start by dropping the most extreme comments. Also, watch out for similarities in style between reviews from people with different usernames, particularly if those reviews were placed about the same time. The best thing is to look for reviewers who show some relevant knowledge of the product they are reviewing.”
Some companies seem to be contributing to the problem. A publishing house offered gift vouchers(购物礼券) to anyone who would give their textbook a five-star review. But not all online companies operate like this.“Amazon works hard to keep the completeness of its customer reviews，”said a spokesperson for the company.“We have very clear guidelines, and when a customer reports a review that he feels is inappropriate，we check, and may take it down.”
So, next time you see that five-star review for something you want to buy, be aware—it could be the work of a false reviewer!
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了随着网上购物越来越受欢迎，使用者的评价变得越来越重要。但是，这些评价的可信度到底有多高呢？
5．What does “them” in Para. 1 refer to?
A．Products. B．Users.
C．Reviews. D．Buyers.
C 解析：代词指代题。them指代上文中的名词复数形式，上文的复数名词有reviews和users，再根据下文的关于网上评价未必都和事实相符的例子可知，这里应选C项。
6．What does Barnaby Bicken’s story imply?
A．The food served was awful.
B．Not all reviews are believable.
C．Many people are easily cheated.
D．He likes to write bad reviews.
B 解析：推理判断题。Barnaby Bicken选择了一家网评很好的饭店吃饭，结果发现饭店的服务质量非常糟糕，自己想如实写一个评论发表，但又不被接受。该例子是对第一段最后一句“这些评论可信度有多高？”的回应，故该例子是说明网上评价未必都和事实相符，因此选B项。
7．What reviews of products are useful?
A．Those by competitors.
B．Those by different users.
C．Those with good comments.
D．Those with related information.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The best thing is to look for reviewers who show some relevant knowledge of the product they are reviewing.”可知，最好是寻找那些对评论的产品有相关知识的网评者，故有相关信息的那些评论是有用的，因此D选项符合题意。
8．How does Amazon deal with the customer reviews?
A．It helps to finish the reviews.
B．It pays attention to the bad reviews.
C．It offers gifts for the good reviews.
D．It tries to make the reviews objective.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Amazon works hard to keep the completeness of its customer reviews”和“We have very clear guidelines，and when a customer reports a review that he feels is inappropriate, we check，and may take it down.”可知，亚马逊公司努力保持顾客评论的完整性，处理顾客所反映的不恰当的评论，因此可以说该公司尽量保持评论的客观性，因此答案为D选项。
C
Following the crowd may not always be in a person’s best interest.But new research suggests that teens who get along with their friends may end up healthier as adults.
Scientists have known that close friendships help boost health. That’s true for both teens and adults. The finding inspired Joseph Allen, a psychologist at the University of Virginia, and his team was to study whether experiences during teen years would influence adult health.
So they followed 171 teens, starting when the kids were just 13.They interviewed each one every year for five years, and also spoke to these teens’ closest friends，who provided additional information about the quality of their friendships. The same 171 people were interviewed again at ages 25, 26 and 27. This time, the questions surveyed each person’s overall health. When the researchers analyzed the data, they found a strong connection between a teen’s behavior and adult health. Teens who had close friends grew up to be the healthier adults. Whether teens held back their feelings or expressed them to close friends also influenced later health. Those who held back their feelings were more likely to be sick as adults. The connection held up even after the scientists accounted for other possible influences on health.Weight，family income and drug use were all examined. So were mental health issues，such as anxiety and depression. And in these people，such other factors did not explain adult health as well as teen friendships did.
“Getting along with the crowd may have benefits，” says Allen, “but there are also drawbacks. Teens who are more independent tend to do better at school and work. And peer pressure may lead some kids to engage in risky behavior, such as smoking, drinking or using drugs.” “Dealing with it is an ongoing challenge，” Allen acknowledges.“Finding the right balance is the key. Teens shouldn’t lose heart for not finding this easy.”And, he adds，“Parents need to be understanding about the pressures teens face.”
【解题导语】 研究表明，与朋友较少或者没有朋友的青少年相比，有朋友的青少年在长大后更健康。当然，与朋友相处也有坏处。
9．Where can you probably read this passage?
A．Science fiction.
B．Health column.
C．Fashion magazine.
D．Entertainment newspaper.
B 解析：文章出处题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍青少年时的友谊对青少年成年后健康的影响。据此可知，本文属于健康知识类文章，故可判断，本文可能选自“健康专栏”。故B项正确。
10．We can learn from Allen’s study that ________．
A．many other factors have a greater influence on adult health than teen friendships
B．mental health issues have nothing to do with adult health
C．the same 171 teens were interviewed each year from 13 to 27
D．the teens who couldn’t express themselves grew up to be unhealthier
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Whether teens held back...sick as adults.”可知，青少年是否向他们的好朋友表达情感也会影响到其成年后的健康，那些压抑情感的青少年成年后很可能不健康。故D项正确。
11．According to what Allen said, we can know that ________．
A．in order to do better at school, teens should not follow the crowd
B．though it’s challenging for teens to deal with peer pressure, they should not give up
C．teens will engage in smoking, drinking or using drugs when facing peer pressure
D．parents should understand their teens and stop them going with friends
B 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知，与朋友相处使得青少年在成年后更加健康的同时也会带来不利影响，即周围同龄人带来的压力，这些压力会导致许多问题。分析Allen的话“Finding the right balance is the key.Teens shouldn’t lose heart for not finding this easy.”可以判断，青少年要应对这些压力，找到正确的平衡点是关键，不能因为很难找到平衡点就灰心丧气。故选B。
12．What can be inferred from the passage?
A．There is nothing bad for teens to follow the crowd.
B．Close friendships are the most important for people’s health.
C．Teen friendships may help teens become healthier adults.
D．Adult health is only influenced by teen friendships.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据文章第一段第二句“But new research suggests that teens who get along with their friends may end up healthier as adults.”可知，与朋友相处的青少年在成年后会更加健康。C项意为“青少年时期的友谊会帮助青少年成为更加健康的成年人”，符合文章意思。故C项正确。
语法填空
If you’re like most teenagers, you will probably love to listen to music. Some teenagers like to listen to music when they are studying. But can music help them think 1.____________ improve their memory?
Some scientific studies show that 2.____________(baby) respond to music even before they’re born. Bringing classical music 3.____________ children’s life at an early age can help their brains develop and make them 4.____________(smart) than those who don’t listen to music.
Scientists who 5.____________(study) the phenomenon over the years come to different conclusions. Some scientists believe it may 6.____________(part) depend upon what you’re studying and what type of music you are listening to. Music can help with reading and speaking skills by 7.____________(improve) the listener’s ability to recognize the difference between sounds and better understand language patterns. So music might help you with language arts. But what should you listen to? Some scientists say classical music might be a good choice, as it can tend 8.____________(calm) the nerves(神经) and help you focus. On 9.____________ other hand, listening to loud music that is distracting(分散精力的) can negatively affect you because your mind may 10.____________(occupy) by the music rather than the matter at hand.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了音乐对于思维或者记忆的影响。
1．or 解析：考查连词。用在疑问句中，表示选择，用并列连词or。
2．babies 解析：考查名词。根据谓语动词形式可判断，主语为复数形式。
3．into 解析：考查介词。根据语境可知，指将音乐引入孩子的生活中。
4．smarter 解析：考查形容词的比较级。根据后面的than those who don’t listen to music可判断，用形容词的比较级。
5．have studied 解析：考查动词的时态。over the years意为“这些年来”，表示从现在算起的过去几年，通常与现在完成时连用。
6．partly 解析：考查副词。修饰后面的动词depend，用副词形式。
7．improving 解析：考查非谓语动词。跟在介词by后面，用动名词形式。
8．to calm 解析：考查非谓语动词。tend to do sth.意为“倾向于做某事”。
9．the 解析：考查冠词。固定搭配on the other hand意为“另一方面”。
10．be occupied 解析：考查动词的语态。这里表示被动关系，大脑被音乐所占据，情态动词的被动语态：情态动词＋be done。
书面表达
《鲁滨逊漂流记》是英国小说家丹尼尔·笛福(Daniel Defoe)写的一部著名小说。请根据下列要点写一篇100词左右的书评：
1．该书出版于1719年，它是一本最流行的历险小说。
2．简述小说故事的主要情节。
3．该书部分是根据18世纪苏格兰水手Alexander Selkirk的事迹写的。
4．小说描写细致实际，引人入胜。
参考词汇：自给自足的 self-sufficient；食人肉的野人 cannibal
注意：开头已给出，不计入总词数。
A Review of Robinson Crusoe
This is a novel by the English author Daniel Defoe，published in 1719._______________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
A Review of Robinson Crusoe
This_is_a_novel_by_the_English_author_Daniel_Defoe，published_in_1719. It is one of the most popular adventure novels. It is the story of Robinson Crusoe who is shipwrecked in a lonely tropical island. He builds himself a hut，grows his own food, and becomes self-sufficient. After 23 years he meets with a group of cannibals and rescues one of their prisoners, a young native whom he calls Friday. Crusoe and his “man” Friday become close friends，and when they are finally rescued four years later, both return to England.
Robinson Crusoe was partly based on the actual deeds of Alexander Selkirk，an 18th-century Scottish sailor.This novel is famous for its lovely details and its expressions of belief in man’s ability when left alone in nature.
课件50张PPT。Section Ⅳ Grammar & WritingUnit 1 The written word本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
A卷
单句语法填空
1．He has two friends. ____________ of them works as a teacher.
答案：Neither
2．The work is ____________ but easy.
答案：nothing
3．It was not ____________ midday that they reached the mountain top.
答案：until
4．He kept the secret in order not ____________(lose) his job in the company.
答案：to lose
5．You cannot be careful ____________ in driving a car.
答案：enough
6．It’s ____________(no) clear who will be chosen to do the job.
答案：not
7．Li Hua needn’t ____________(call) me yesterday because I knew it.
答案：have called
8．A school lies not far from here, so they ____________(not allow) us to park here.
答案：do not allow
9．Vitamins do not provide energy, ____________ do they construct or build up any part of the body.
答案：nor
10．But ____________ the rain, we would have gone to see the exhibition.
答案：for
阅读理解
Don’t have plenty of time for reading？If you are interested in non－fiction books, here are good choices for you.
A Room of One’s Own
This essay by English writer Virginia Woolf is based on her several lectures given to two women’s colleges at Cambridge University in 1928. In it, Woolf describes that it’s circumstance not talent alone that allows men to be more successful at writing. Women, in other words, spend so much time cooking, cleaning, and tending to their children that they have no time left for art. To write well, therefore, a woman must have “a room of her own”. While on its surface, this essay appears to be only about writing, it is actually about wealth and class, freedom and imprisonment, and the power struggle between sexes.
The Art of War
Written by ancient Chinese military strategist Sun Zi, The Art of War is widely considered to be one of the best books about military strategy(军事战略) in human history. Consisting of 13 chapters, each dealing with a separate aspect about how to fight a war, the book has been translated into many languages and has thousands of editions. For centuries, it has been used to train military leaders for its detailed study of military strategy and effective leadership.
Letter to My Daughter
This book of essays and poems by Maya Angelou, a respectable American poet, is written for “the daughter she never had”—the millions of women, both young and old, who she considers to be her “family”. From the viewpoint of a caring, older relative, this book contains lessons selected from her own life experiences, including the birth of her only child, a son, as well as the development and loss of friendship.
A Brief History of Time
If you’re short on time, then why not read about, well, the creation of time？This book, first published in 1998 from brilliant scientist and mathematician Stephen Hawking, explores mindbending questions about the creation of the universe, including if and when it will end, and if so, how. Despite its heavy subject matter, Hawking addresses these questions in a way that’s easy to understand, even for those who know little about physics.
【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了四本文学作品。
1．What can we learn about the four books?
A．A Brief History of Time mainly focuses on the matter of time.
B．Letter to My Daughter is actually a common family letter.
C．The Art of War gives advice on how to be military leaders.
D．A Room of One’s Own is more than about writing.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“While on its surface, this essay appears to be only about writing, it is actually about wealth and class, freedom and imprisonment, and the power struggle between sexes.”可知，虽然表面上这篇文章只跟写作有关，但是实际上它是有关财富和社会等级，自由和监禁以及两性之间的权力之争的，所以D项正确。
2．What can be inferred from the passage?
A．As a physicist, Hawking is equally famous for writing.
B．Maya devotes herself to fighting for women’s rights.
C．The book by Sun Zi is helpful in policymaking.
D．Woolf looks down upon men in writing.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The Art of War is widely considered to be one of the best books about military strategy(军事战略)”和“each dealing with a separate aspect about how to fight a war”可知，The Art of War对政策的制定有帮助。所以选项C正确。
3．What is the purpose of the passage?
A．To make comparisons between the four books.
B．To recommend the four books to readers.
C．To make comments on the four books.
D．To promote sales of the four books.
B 解析：写作意图题。根据第一段“Don’t have plenty of time for reading？If you are interested in non－fiction books, here are good choices for you.”可知，写作本文的目的是向读者介绍文中提到的四本作品。所以选项B正确。
完形填空
I have forgotten the name of the old lady, who was a customer on my newspaper route.Yet it
1 in my memory that she taught me a lesson in 2 that I shall never forget.
On a winter afternoon, a friend and I were 3 stones onto the roof of the old lady’s house near her garden.The 4 was to observe how the stones changed to missiles as they 5 to the roof’s edge and fell into the yard like comets (彗星) falling from the 6 ．I found myself a perfectly smooth rock and threw it.The stone was too 7 ， however, so it slipped from my hand as I let it go and headed straight for a small 8 ．At the sound of broken glass, we knew we were in 9 ．We ran faster than any of our stones flying off her roof.
I was too 10 about getting caught that first night to be 11 about the old lady with the broken window in winter. 12 ， a few days later, when I was sure that I hadn’t been discovered, I started to feel 13 for her trouble.She still greeted me with a smile each day when I gave her the newspaper, but I was no longer able to act 14 when seeing her.
I decided that I would save my paper delivery money, and in three weeks I had the seven dollars that I thought would 15 the cost of her window and sent it to her in an envelope.
The next day, I 16 the old lady her paper.She thanked me for the paper and gave me a bag of biscuits she had made herself.I thanked her and ate the biscuits 17 I continued my route.
After several cookies, I felt an envelope and pulled it out of the 18 ．When I opened the envelope, I was 19 ．Inside were the seven dollars and a short note that 20 ， “I’m proud of you.”
1．A．fails B．fades
C．impresses D．remains
D 解析：根据后文内容可知那个老妇人做的事情始终留在了作者的脑海中， 故选D。
2．A．forgiveness B．value
C．honesty D．gratefulness
A 解析：forgiveness “宽恕， 原谅”； value “价值”； honesty “诚实”； gratefulness “感激”。根据后文可知老太太并没有责怪作者和作者朋友的行为， 也原谅了他们把玻璃打碎的事情， 故选A。
3．A．collecting B．putting
C．throwing D．placing
C 解析：根据句意可知作者和朋友是在向那个老太太的屋顶投掷石头， 故选C。
4．A．subject B．theme
C．topic D．object
D 解析：subject“主题， 学科”； theme “主题， 话题”； topic “主题”； object “目标”。根据句意可知作者和朋友扔石子的目的是想要观察石头在空中运动的轨迹， 故选D。
5．A．shot B．rolled
C．got D．dropped
B 解析：根据句意可知作者是想要观察石头从屋顶上滚落下来到院子中的那个过程， 故选B。
6．A．earth B．ocean
C．sky D．universe
C 解析：根据前文可知作者他们觉得石头从屋顶滚落的样子就像是彗星从空中坠落一样， 故选C。
7．A．smooth B．square
C．heavy D．beautiful
A 解析：根据上一句“perfectly smooth rock”可知， 这块石头十分光滑， 故选A。
8．A．ceiling B．door
C．chimney D．window
D 解析：根据下文可知因为石头非常光滑， 在作者脱手之后径直飞向了一扇小的窗户， 故选D。
9．A．danger B．trouble
C．surprise D．comfort
B 解析：根据句意可知因为打碎了别人家的玻璃， 作者和朋友们意识到遇到了麻烦， 故选B。
10．A．scared B．excited
C．disappointed D．confused
A 解析：scared “害怕的”； excited “兴奋的”； disappointed “沮丧的， 失望的”； confused “困惑的”。根据句意可知作者十分害怕因为打碎了人家的窗户而被抓到， 故选A。
11．A．frightened B．depressed
C．puzzled D．concerned
D 解析：frightened “害怕的”； depressed “沮丧的， 抑郁的”； puzzled “困惑的”； concerned “担忧的”。根据句意可知作者当晚十分害怕， 根本就没有担心在寒冷的冬天窗户被打破的老太太， 故选D。
12．A．However B．Therefore
C．Besides D．Furthermore
A 解析：根据句意和语境可以推断过了几天都没事， 作者以为自己没被发现， 这里表转折， 故选A。
13．A．honored B．guilty
C．pleased D．pressed
B 解析：honored “光荣的， 荣幸的”； guilty “内疚的”； pleased “愉快的”； pressed “(时间、资金等)紧缺的， 短缺的； 压平的”。根据句意可知因为没被发现，作者现在看到这个老人就会感到很愧疚， 故选B。
14．A．proud B．active
C．comfortable D．energetic
C 解析：proud “自豪的”； active “积极的”； comfortable “舒服的， 自然的”； energetic “有活力的”。根据句意可知作者因为心怀愧疚所以面对那位老太太时会觉得心里不舒服， 故选C。
15．A．include B．increase
C．cover D．mend
C 解析：include “包括”； increase “增加”； cover “足以支付”； mend “修理”。根据句意可知作者积攒了一点钱想要交给那个老太太来赔偿自己打破窗户造成的损失， 故选C。
16．A．handed B．turned
C．passed D．sent
A 解析：hand “递给”； turn “旋转”； pass “通过”； send “寄送”。根据句意可知是作者递给老妇人她的报纸， 故选A。
17．A．because B．where
C．since D．as
D 解析：根据句意可知作者谢谢老妇人给了自己饼干， 在继续去送报纸的路上吃了几块， 故选D。
18．A．paper B．pocket
C．bag D．wallet
C 解析：根据前文可知饼干是装在一个袋子里的， 此时作者在其中摸到了一个信封， 故选C。
19．A．annoyed B．surprised
C．amused D．delighted
B 解析：annoyed “烦恼的”； surprised “惊讶的”； amused “愉快的”； delighted “高兴的”。根据前后文可以知道作者此时看到信封里的东西是感到很惊讶的， 故选B。
20．A．attached B．said
C．told D．wrote
B 解析：便签条上或信上写着什么一般用say来表达， 故选B。
B卷
阅读理解
A
A Song of Ice and Fire is a seven－part series of fantasy written for adults. George R．R. Martin writes each chapter from the perspective of a specific character, providing a limited point of view for each section. The reader is able to understand the inner workings of the individual, but the reader is barred from a whole understanding of the text. The world he has created has magic, but there is much more than that. While magic exists, it exists on the edge, and the inner unrest of the characters is much more important.
His work also has a level of realness that is astonishing in a work of fantasy. Characters are imperfect，and many make questionable moral choices. In the end，however，Martin shows that both good and bad happen to both the people of high moral standard and the corrupt. He has made it clear that any character can die at any point，which has led to a lot of heartbreak from readers.
In 2011, A Song of Ice and Fire became a television series titled Game of Thrones. Martin has been closely involved with the production. It has currently run for seven seasons，and viewers anxiously await the eighth season to answer their questions from the season seven finale.
His fans are also waiting for The Winds of Winter and A Dream of Spring, the next books in the series，to answer the questions Martin and the television show have not yet addressed. Martin，however，has no plans to rush. He has made it clear that he will continue to write the books while working on the television show and writing other novels.
But how will the story continue? What is going to happen in Westeros，and more importantly: When are we going to find out? Martin’s skill as a writer has kept readers and viewers spellbound. Many hope he will finish the next book before the next season of the show begins，but no one knows with Martin. He always keeps his readers guessing.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了George R. R. Martin的《冰与火之歌》的创作风格与写作手法，该书被拍成电视剧后，备受观众追捧；此外，Martin还将要写该系列的另外两本书《凛冬的寒风》和《春晓之梦》，这被观众翘首以待。
1．One of the characteristics of A Song of Ice and Fire is ________．
A．each chapter is written from a limited point of view
B．magic is the center of the story
C．Martin has made imperfect characters die at any point
D．many characters make astonishing choices
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的George R. R. Martin writes each chapter from the perspective of a specific character，providing a limited point of view for each section.可知，Martin从某个特定人物的视角来写每一章节，为每一部分提供有限的视角。故A项正确。
2．What is George R. R. Martin’s A Song of Ice and Fire considered to be?
A．One of his masterworks of fantasy.
B．An unsuccessful screen adaptation.
C．An artistic creation for the TV.
D．One of the best TV programmes.
A 解析：细节理解题。由文章的第三段可知，《冰与火之歌》被改编成了电视剧，目前已经有七季。观众们正在焦急地等待第八季的上映。由此可知，George R. R. Martin的A Song of Ice and Fire很受人们欢迎。故可推知，该作品是Martin的经典之作。故A项正确。
3．What does the word “address” in the fourth paragraph mean?
A．Written. B．Spoken.
C．Solved. D．Directed.
C 解析：词义猜测题。根据第四段第一句可知，粉丝们正在等着该小说系列里的《凛冬的寒风》和《春晓之梦》两本书来解答Martin和电视剧未解决的疑问。因此，address的意思是“解决”。由此可知C项正确。
4．How will the ending of the story be?
A．Interesting. B．Confusing.
C．Novel. D．Unknown.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的He always keeps his readers guessing.可知，这个故事的结尾将是未知的。故D项正确。
B
With the ever-increasing popularity of online shopping, users’ reviews are becoming more and more important. Given that you can’t actually touch, see, smell or hear the product you’re buying online, these reviews will provide you with valuable information on the product itself. But how far can you trust them?
Barnaby Bicken had an unpleasant experience.“I took some friends to a restaurant in Manchester that had excellent reviews on a food website. However, the service was awful and we were ignored most of the time. Later, I wrote a review on the same site only to be told that the review site owner would not accept any bad reviews—only the good ones.”
So, how can you get a useful review? Web expert Hilary Saunders has a few top tips.“If there are only a few reviews of a place, there is a good chance that they have been planted by friends or enemies. If there are many reviews, start by dropping the most extreme comments. Also, watch out for similarities in style between reviews from people with different usernames, particularly if those reviews were placed about the same time. The best thing is to look for reviewers who show some relevant knowledge of the product they are reviewing.”
Some companies seem to be contributing to the problem. A publishing house offered gift vouchers(购物礼券) to anyone who would give their textbook a five-star review. But not all online companies operate like this.“Amazon works hard to keep the completeness of its customer reviews，”said a spokesperson for the company.“We have very clear guidelines, and when a customer reports a review that he feels is inappropriate，we check, and may take it down.”
So, next time you see that five-star review for something you want to buy, be aware—it could be the work of a false reviewer!
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了随着网上购物越来越受欢迎，使用者的评价变得越来越重要。但是，这些评价的可信度到底有多高呢？
5．What does “them” in Para. 1 refer to?
A．Products. B．Users.
C．Reviews. D．Buyers.
C 解析：代词指代题。them指代上文中的名词复数形式，上文的复数名词有reviews和users，再根据下文的关于网上评价未必都和事实相符的例子可知，这里应选C项。
6．What does Barnaby Bicken’s story imply?
A．The food served was awful.
B．Not all reviews are believable.
C．Many people are easily cheated.
D．He likes to write bad reviews.
B 解析：推理判断题。Barnaby Bicken选择了一家网评很好的饭店吃饭，结果发现饭店的服务质量非常糟糕，自己想如实写一个评论发表，但又不被接受。该例子是对第一段最后一句“这些评论可信度有多高？”的回应，故该例子是说明网上评价未必都和事实相符，因此选B项。
7．What reviews of products are useful?
A．Those by competitors.
B．Those by different users.
C．Those with good comments.
D．Those with related information.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The best thing is to look for reviewers who show some relevant knowledge of the product they are reviewing.”可知，最好是寻找那些对评论的产品有相关知识的网评者，故有相关信息的那些评论是有用的，因此D选项符合题意。
8．How does Amazon deal with the customer reviews?
A．It helps to finish the reviews.
B．It pays attention to the bad reviews.
C．It offers gifts for the good reviews.
D．It tries to make the reviews objective.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Amazon works hard to keep the completeness of its customer reviews”和“We have very clear guidelines，and when a customer reports a review that he feels is inappropriate, we check，and may take it down.”可知，亚马逊公司努力保持顾客评论的完整性，处理顾客所反映的不恰当的评论，因此可以说该公司尽量保持评论的客观性，因此答案为D选项。
C
Following the crowd may not always be in a person’s best interest.But new research suggests that teens who get along with their friends may end up healthier as adults.
Scientists have known that close friendships help boost health. That’s true for both teens and adults. The finding inspired Joseph Allen, a psychologist at the University of Virginia, and his team was to study whether experiences during teen years would influence adult health.
So they followed 171 teens, starting when the kids were just 13.They interviewed each one every year for five years, and also spoke to these teens’ closest friends，who provided additional information about the quality of their friendships. The same 171 people were interviewed again at ages 25, 26 and 27. This time, the questions surveyed each person’s overall health. When the researchers analyzed the data, they found a strong connection between a teen’s behavior and adult health. Teens who had close friends grew up to be the healthier adults. Whether teens held back their feelings or expressed them to close friends also influenced later health. Those who held back their feelings were more likely to be sick as adults. The connection held up even after the scientists accounted for other possible influences on health.Weight，family income and drug use were all examined. So were mental health issues，such as anxiety and depression. And in these people，such other factors did not explain adult health as well as teen friendships did.
“Getting along with the crowd may have benefits，” says Allen, “but there are also drawbacks. Teens who are more independent tend to do better at school and work. And peer pressure may lead some kids to engage in risky behavior, such as smoking, drinking or using drugs.” “Dealing with it is an ongoing challenge，” Allen acknowledges.“Finding the right balance is the key. Teens shouldn’t lose heart for not finding this easy.”And, he adds，“Parents need to be understanding about the pressures teens face.”
【解题导语】 研究表明，与朋友较少或者没有朋友的青少年相比，有朋友的青少年在长大后更健康。当然，与朋友相处也有坏处。
9．Where can you probably read this passage?
A．Science fiction.
B．Health column.
C．Fashion magazine.
D．Entertainment newspaper.
B 解析：文章出处题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍青少年时的友谊对青少年成年后健康的影响。据此可知，本文属于健康知识类文章，故可判断，本文可能选自“健康专栏”。故B项正确。
10．We can learn from Allen’s study that ________．
A．many other factors have a greater influence on adult health than teen friendships
B．mental health issues have nothing to do with adult health
C．the same 171 teens were interviewed each year from 13 to 27
D．the teens who couldn’t express themselves grew up to be unhealthier
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Whether teens held back...sick as adults.”可知，青少年是否向他们的好朋友表达情感也会影响到其成年后的健康，那些压抑情感的青少年成年后很可能不健康。故D项正确。
11．According to what Allen said, we can know that ________．
A．in order to do better at school, teens should not follow the crowd
B．though it’s challenging for teens to deal with peer pressure, they should not give up
C．teens will engage in smoking, drinking or using drugs when facing peer pressure
D．parents should understand their teens and stop them going with friends
B 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知，与朋友相处使得青少年在成年后更加健康的同时也会带来不利影响，即周围同龄人带来的压力，这些压力会导致许多问题。分析Allen的话“Finding the right balance is the key.Teens shouldn’t lose heart for not finding this easy.”可以判断，青少年要应对这些压力，找到正确的平衡点是关键，不能因为很难找到平衡点就灰心丧气。故选B。
12．What can be inferred from the passage?
A．There is nothing bad for teens to follow the crowd.
B．Close friendships are the most important for people’s health.
C．Teen friendships may help teens become healthier adults.
D．Adult health is only influenced by teen friendships.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据文章第一段第二句“But new research suggests that teens who get along with their friends may end up healthier as adults.”可知，与朋友相处的青少年在成年后会更加健康。C项意为“青少年时期的友谊会帮助青少年成为更加健康的成年人”，符合文章意思。故C项正确。
语法填空
If you’re like most teenagers, you will probably love to listen to music. Some teenagers like to listen to music when they are studying. But can music help them think 1.____________ improve their memory?
Some scientific studies show that 2.____________(baby) respond to music even before they’re born. Bringing classical music 3.____________ children’s life at an early age can help their brains develop and make them 4.____________(smart) than those who don’t listen to music.
Scientists who 5.____________(study) the phenomenon over the years come to different conclusions. Some scientists believe it may 6.____________(part) depend upon what you’re studying and what type of music you are listening to. Music can help with reading and speaking skills by 7.____________(improve) the listener’s ability to recognize the difference between sounds and better understand language patterns. So music might help you with language arts. But what should you listen to? Some scientists say classical music might be a good choice, as it can tend 8.____________(calm) the nerves(神经) and help you focus. On 9.____________ other hand, listening to loud music that is distracting(分散精力的) can negatively affect you because your mind may 10.____________(occupy) by the music rather than the matter at hand.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了音乐对于思维或者记忆的影响。
1．or 解析：考查连词。用在疑问句中，表示选择，用并列连词or。
2．babies 解析：考查名词。根据谓语动词形式可判断，主语为复数形式。
3．into 解析：考查介词。根据语境可知，指将音乐引入孩子的生活中。
4．smarter 解析：考查形容词的比较级。根据后面的than those who don’t listen to music可判断，用形容词的比较级。
5．have studied 解析：考查动词的时态。over the years意为“这些年来”，表示从现在算起的过去几年，通常与现在完成时连用。
6．partly 解析：考查副词。修饰后面的动词depend，用副词形式。
7．improving 解析：考查非谓语动词。跟在介词by后面，用动名词形式。
8．to calm 解析：考查非谓语动词。tend to do sth.意为“倾向于做某事”。
9．the 解析：考查冠词。固定搭配on the other hand意为“另一方面”。
10．be occupied 解析：考查动词的语态。这里表示被动关系，大脑被音乐所占据，情态动词的被动语态：情态动词＋be done。
书面表达
《鲁滨逊漂流记》是英国小说家丹尼尔·笛福(Daniel Defoe)写的一部著名小说。请根据下列要点写一篇100词左右的书评：
1．该书出版于1719年，它是一本最流行的历险小说。
2．简述小说故事的主要情节。
3．该书部分是根据18世纪苏格兰水手Alexander Selkirk的事迹写的。
4．小说描写细致实际，引人入胜。
参考词汇：自给自足的 self-sufficient；食人肉的野人 cannibal
注意：开头已给出，不计入总词数。
A Review of Robinson Crusoe
This is a novel by the English author Daniel Defoe，published in 1719._______________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
A Review of Robinson Crusoe
This_is_a_novel_by_the_English_author_Daniel_Defoe，published_in_1719. It is one of the most popular adventure novels. It is the story of Robinson Crusoe who is shipwrecked in a lonely tropical island. He builds himself a hut，grows his own food, and becomes self-sufficient. After 23 years he meets with a group of cannibals and rescues one of their prisoners, a young native whom he calls Friday. Crusoe and his “man” Friday become close friends，and when they are finally rescued four years later, both return to England.
Robinson Crusoe was partly based on the actual deeds of Alexander Selkirk，an 18th-century Scottish sailor.This novel is famous for its lovely details and its expressions of belief in man’s ability when left alone in nature.
重点单词
1．abuse vt. 虐待； 辱骂； 滥用
(1)abuse a privilege 滥用特权
abuse one’s power 滥用权力
abuse one’s confidence 辜负了某人的信任
(2)alcohol abuse 酗酒
drug abuse 嗜毒
child abuse 虐待儿童
an abuse of... 滥用……
(3)abuser n. 滥用者
2．desperate adj. 铤而走险的， 拼命的， 绝望的；
非常需要， 渴望
3．generous adj. 慷慨的， 大方的； 宽厚的，
仁慈的
4．vain adj. 虚荣的， 自负的； 徒劳的，
无结果的
5．bent adj. 弯曲的； 驼背的； 不诚实的
n. 天赋， 爱好
6．reform vt.& vi.& n. (使)改过自新， 改造； 改革，
改良
7．rescue n．& vt. 救援， 营救
(1)rescue sb./sth. from 从……拯救……
(2)come to one’s rescue 去援救某人
(3)rescuer n. 救援人员
8．reputation n. 名誉， 名声
9．debt n. 债务， 欠款
10．monument n. 纪念碑， 纪念馆， 纪念塑像；
古迹
11．adore vt. 热爱， 喜爱， 爱慕
adorable adj. 可爱的
12．characteristic n. 特征， 特点
adj. 典型的， 独特的， 特有的
13．violent adj. 暴力的， 粗暴的； 猛烈的，
强烈的
14．reunite vt.& vi. (使)重逢， 再相聚；(使)再结合，
再联合
15．intend vt.& vi. 打算， 计划， 想要
(1)intend doing/to do sth. 打算做某事
intend sb.to_do sth. 打算让某人做某事
(2)be intended to do sth.＝be intended for sb./sth. 为某人或某物而计划或设计
had intended to_do sth. 本来打算做某事
intend that...(should) do sth. 打算……； 主张……
(3)intention n. 目的； 意图；计划
with the intention of 抱有……的目的；打算
16．poetry n. 诗歌
poem n. 诗
poet n. 诗人
17. novelist n. 小说家
novel n. 小说
18．tension n. 紧张气氛；紧张， 烦躁； 矛盾，
对立
tense adj. 令人紧张的； 神经紧张的；
绷紧的，不松弛的
19．painter n. 画家
paint v. 画
painting n. 绘画
20．resist vi.& vt. 反抗， 抵制，抵挡
resistant adj. 抵抗的， 反抗的
resistance n. 抵抗， 反抗
重点短语
1．have_nothing_to_do_with 与……无关
2．come_out 出现；露面；开花；出版， 发行
3．at_a_time 每次；依次；在某个时刻，一度
4．bent_on_(doing)_something 决心做某事(通常指坏事)
5．live_up_to 达到， 符合(期望)
6．have_a_talent_for 有……天赋
7．intend_to_do/doing_sth. 打算做某事
8．compare...to..._ 把……比作……
9．as_long_as 只要
10．touch_on 谈及， 涉及
11．consist_of 由……组成
12．belong_to 属于
重点句型
1．those用作替代词替代前面的复数名词
Because a lot of classics were written so long ago, their language characteristics are quite different from those of modern works.
【仿写】 他的想法和他朋友的想法没什么两样。
His ideas are little different_from_those of his friends.
2．would rather do...than do... 宁愿做……而不愿……
Pip’s sister often abuses him, but Joe is a kind and simple man who would rather die than see any harm come to Pip.
【仿写】 他宁愿挨饿也不要饭吃。
He would_rather_starve than beg for food.
3．it作形式宾语
Pip dislikes it when Joe comes to visit him in London.
【仿写】 他讨厌她在他朋友面前举止不当。
He disliked_it_when she behaved badly in front of his friends.
4．can’t...too... 无论怎样……都不过分
A student can’t read too many books.
【仿写】 这本书值得大加赞扬。
You can’t_praise the book too much.
5．any＋比较级
Burns was by then a famous poet, but was not any richer and had to earn his income by farming.
【仿写】 你如果明天还感觉不到好一点， 最好还是去看医生。
If you do not feel any_better tomorrow, you’d better see a doctor.
话题写作
根据要求运用本单元所学知识完成下面小作文，并背诵成文。
1．我读过大量的书， 但只有一本给我留下了深刻印象。(a large number of；make a(n)...impression on)
2．它就是著名小说家Ostrovsky(奥斯特洛夫斯基)创作的《钢铁是怎样炼成的》。(written by)
3．小说的主角叫保尔， 出身于贫苦家庭。(the leading role)
4．他投身革命。(apply oneself to)
5．尽管困难重重， 但他勇敢面对。
6．因此他最终渡过难关， 成就了辉煌的人生。(live through；glorious)
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One possible version：
I have read a large number of books, but only one of them made a deep impression on me.It is The Making of Steel written by the famous writer Ostrovsky.Pauer, who was born in a poor family, was the leading role.He applied himself to the revolution.Although there were many difficulties, he was so brave to face them.So he finally lived through all these hard times and had a glorious lifetime.
课件17张PPT。Unit 1 Laughter is good for you本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
