音乐可以敲开封闭的心灵，给人一种精神上的依赖，在我们孤独而无助的时候， 陪着我们走过风雨人生。它是我们心情的见证， 也是我们情绪的发泄。
When you need comfort，what or who do you go to？For some people，it’s a good friend or a familiar place. For me the most comforting thing in the world is music.
You may be thinking you can’t believe in music.This is true but you can believe in the feelings and emotions music gives you.
Every weekday is the same for me. I wake up at 6：00. I work from when I get there to 3：15 on Mondays and Wednesdays and 4：15 on Tuesdays and Thursdays. The only thing that keeps me wise all day is music in any form. On days when either the radio got wet from the hose(水管) or got dropped or stolen, I have my iPod with me. In between my destinations in my truck I plug my iPod into the tape cassette adapter and play it. When I’m at school，none of my
teachers care if we listen to music as long as we don’t let it become a distraction(分散注意力的事)，so I have my iPod there，too.
Slow songs usually tend to calm people down. When people listen to sad songs they are usually depressed.Sometimes when sports teams like hockey(曲棍球)，football teams are getting ready for a game they will play metal or rock music to get them pumped for the game.
Some people say that loud or angry music has a horrible influence on teenagers today. Yes，it can be a bad influence but only if you let it influence you negatively(消极地)．Generally I like to keep an open mind about all types of music.The reason for this is that music is the artists’ way of communicating their thoughts or feelings to anyone who will listen and I think they are worth the respect I can give by listening to their music.
Section Ⅰ Welcome to the unit & Reading—Warming Up
1．cast vt. & vi. 选派角色；投射(光、影)；
向……投以(视线、笑容)
2．stubborn adj. 固执的， 顽固的
3．scold vt. 训斥， 责骂
4．deadline n． 最后期限， 截止日期
5．seize vt. 逮捕， 捉拿；抓住，捉住；夺取，攻占
6．universal adj.共同的， 普遍的， 全体的，全世界的→universally adv.普遍地
7．disturbing adj.令人不安的；引起恐慌的→disturb v．扰乱；妨碍；使……不安→ disturbed adj.有心理疾病的；不安的
8．demand vt.强烈要求；需要 n．要求；需求→ demanding adj.要求多的；吃力的
9．evident adj.清楚的， 显然的→evidential adj.可作证据的→evidently adv.明显地；显著地
10．merciful adj.仁慈的，慈悲的，宽大为怀的→merciless adj.无慈悲心的；无情的；残忍的
fall__in_love 相爱，坠入爱河
take_on 呈现
break_one’s_promise 食言，收回承诺
4．be_condemned_to_something 被处以某种刑罚
ask_for_somebody’s_hand_in_marriage (向女方)求婚
at_first_sight 初次见面；乍一看
instead_of 代替，而不是
depend_on 依靠，依赖；取决于
9．love__triangle 三角恋爱
broken_heart 破碎的心， 哀恸
1．being done 作定语
Last night, I witnessed the first of only eight performances of Giacomo Puccini’s world-famous opera, Turandot, being_performed(演出) in the Forbidden City in Beijing, China.
2．“否定词＋比较级”表最高级含义
Just imagine performing such an opera in the Forbidden City—there_could_not_be_a_more_awesome_setting(不可能有比这更好的场景了)!
3．find＋宾语＋宾补
The emperor finds the_death_disturbing(这种杀戮很令人不安)．
4．动词不定式的省略
However, although he would_like_to(很想), he cannot break his promise and must allow Turandot to do as she wishes.
Scan the text and choose the best answer.
Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A．The story of Turandot happened in the Forbidden City.
B．The story of Turandot is set in old China.
C．Chinese musicians composed the music of Turandot.
D．Only foreign actors and singers performed in the opera.
Who played the part of Turandot?
A．Sharon Sweet.
B．Barbara Hendricks.
C．Kristjan Johannsson.
D．Zubin Mehta.
Why does the writer think highly of Turandot being performed in the Forbidden City?
A．Because Director Zhang Yimou is good at directing operas.
B．Because the historical story happened in China.
C．Because audience can feel the history.
D．Because Chinese audience are the best opera viewers.
What kind of woman is Turandot?
A．She is beautiful and kind.
B．She is a cruel woman who loves power.
C．She is a woman who always puts love above everything else.
D．She is a woman who likes riddles.
答案：1－4.BACB
Analyze the following difficult sentences in the text.
1．Seeing this, Calaf says that if she can guess his name by sunrise, she will not have to marry him, but can have him killed.
Seeing this是现在分词短语作________； that 引导的是________从句。在宾语从句中，if she can guess his name by sunrise是if引导的条件状语从句； she will not have to marry him, but can have him killed是宾语从句的主句。
[尝试翻译] 见此，卡拉夫说______________________猜出他的名字，她不仅可以不嫁给他，还可以杀了他。
答案：状语；宾语；如果她能在太阳升起之前
2．Instead, he tells her his name—just before the dawn deadline—and says that she can kill him if she wishes.
句中and是____________，连接两个分句。在第二个分句中，that she can kill him 是宾语从句；if she wishes是if引导的____________从句。
[尝试翻译] 但是，卡拉夫告诉了图兰朵他的名字——________________________——还说如果图兰朵愿意，她可以杀死他。
答案：并列连词；条件状语；就在黎明的期限来临之前
Turandot in Beijing
by Jane Jones
Last night, I witnessed① the first of only eight performances of Giacomo Puccini’s world－famous opera, Turandot, being performed② in the Forbidden City in Beijing, China. The performance was splendid③. Some of the world’s greatest opera singers were cast④ in this production, and many great Chinese musicians also participated⑤. Puccini, an Italian, wrote Turandot towards the end of his life, between 1920 and 1924. He liked East Asia very much and also wrote Madam Butterfly⑥， which is set in Japan⑦.
Just imagine⑧ performing such an opera in the Forbidden City—there could not be a more⑨ awesome⑩ setting! You could almost feel the history. The weather was also perfect for a performance outdoors. Instead of a stage curtain, there were decorated screens covered with red and gold?， and traditional Chinese drums were used to announce the start of the opera.
Turandot is the story of a stubborn? and cruel Chinese princess?， named Turandot?， who lives in the Forbidden City in Beijing?. In the story, the emperor of China, Turandot’s father, has promised to allow her to choose her own husband. In order to avoid marriage, she says that any potential? husband must solve three riddles? if he wants to marry her. Those who cannot answer all three riddles, however, will be condemned to? death. This means that few men would dare? to ask for her hand in marriage?. The story begins when a prince is killed for failing to solve her riddles. The emperor finds the death disturbing. However, although he would like to, he cannot break his promise and must allow Turandot to do as she wishes.
①witness v. 目击，亲眼看见 n. 目击者，证人
②being performed...是现在分词的被动式作定语，表示现阶段正在进行的动作。
③splendid adj. 壮丽的，华丽的，辉煌的，灿烂的
④cast [kɑ?st] vt. & vi. 选派角色；投射(光、影)
cast sb. in a role/a part/the lead 让某人出演某角色/主角
⑤participate v. 参加，参与。常与介词in连用。
⑥butterfly ['b?t?flaI] n. 蝴蝶
⑦which is set in Japan是which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰 Madam Butterfly。
⑧imagine doing... 想象做……
⑨not...a more... 否定词与比较级连用，表达最高级意义。
⑩awesome ['??s?m] adj. 极好的；令人惊叹的
?过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰screens。
?stubborn ['st?b?n] adj. 固执的，顽固的
?princess [?prIn'ses] n. 公主
?过去分词短语作定语，修饰 princess。
?who 引导非限制性定语从句，修饰 princess。
?potential adj. 潜在的，可能的
?solve riddles 猜谜语
?condemn [k?n'dem] vt. 判刑，宣判；指责，谴责
be condemned to sth. 被处以某种刑罚
?dare [de?(r)] vt. & vi. & aux. 敢于，胆敢
句中dare用作实义动词，后接动词不定式时，to既可以保留，也可以省略(尤其在口语中)。另外，dare也常用作情态动词，后接不带to的动词不定式。
?ask for sb.’s hand in marriage (向女方)求婚
prince [prIns] n. 王子
disturbing [dI'stз?bI?] adj. 令人不安的；引起恐慌的
break one’s promise 食言
《图兰朵》在北京
简·琼斯
昨晚，我看了贾科莫·普契尼闻名世界的歌剧《图兰朵》在中国北京紫禁城的首场演出，该歌剧在北京仅演八场。演出异彩纷呈。几位世界顶级的歌剧演唱家担任角色，许多杰出的中国音乐家也参加了演出。普契尼是意大利人，1920年至1924年期间，在他的生命快要走向终点之际，创作了《图兰朵》。普契尼非常喜欢东亚，还创作了以日本为背景的《蝴蝶夫人》。
想想在紫禁城上演这出歌剧吧——不可能有比这更好的场景了！你几乎可以感受到历史。天气对于户外演出来说也是绝佳的。覆盖着红色和金色的经过装饰的屏风代替了舞台帷幕，传统的中国鼓被用来宣告歌剧的开场。
《图兰朵》讲述的是一位顽固、冷酷的中国公主图兰朵的故事，她住在北京紫禁城里。故事中，中国的皇帝，即图兰朵的父亲，允诺女儿由她自己选择丈夫。为了逃避婚姻，她说任何想成为她丈夫的人要娶她必须猜中三道谜语。然而，那些没能够回答所有这三个谜语的人就会被处死。这意味着几乎没人胆敢向她求婚。故事开始时，一位王子因为猜不中图兰朵的谜语被处死。皇帝对这种杀戮感到很不安。但是，虽然他很想收回这一允诺，但又不能食言，只能让图兰朵按照自己的意愿行事。
Shortly afterwards, another prince, Calaf, falls in love with Turandot at first sightand decides to solve the riddles so that he can marry her. Meanwhile, Liu, a young slave of Calaf’s father, expresses her love for Calaf. The story then takes on a classic love triangle between Calaf, Turandot and Liu.
Calaf goes to Turandot and—without introducing himself or telling her his name—answers the three questions.
Turandot becomes very angry at this turn of events, as she is unwilling to get married. Seeing this, Calaf says that if she can guess his name by sunrise, she will not have to marry him, but can have him killed. Calaf’s father and Liu have been seen accompanying Calaf, so Turandot seizes Calaf’s father and Liu, and demands that they tell her Calaf’s name or they will be beaten. Wanting to protect the father, Liu claims that she alone knows the name, but resists telling Turandot. Then Liu grabs a sword from a guard and kills herself.
fall in love (with) 相爱，坠入爱河
at first sight 初次见面；乍一看
meanwhile adv. 与此同时
还可作名词，用于in the meanwhile。
take on 呈现
triangle n. 三角形
unwilling [?n'wIlI?] adj. 不情愿的；勉强的
be unwilling to do sth.不愿意做某事
as 引导原因状语从句。
现在分词短语作状语，表示时间。
have him killed 是“have＋宾语＋宾补”结构，宾补用过去分词，与宾语之间是被动关系。
seize [si?z] vt. 逮捕，捉拿；抓住，捉住；夺取，攻占
demand [dI'mɑ?nd] vt. 强烈要求，需要 n. 要求
demand后跟宾语从句时，从句要用虚拟语气，即谓语用“should＋动词原形”的形式，should可以省略。
现在分词短语Wanting to protect the father作原因状语，句子的主语和want之间是主动关系。
grab [ɡr?b] vt. (突然或用力)抓住，夺取，攫取
之后不久，另一位王子卡拉夫对图兰朵一见钟情，决定要解开谜底，以便迎娶图兰朵。这时，卡拉夫父亲的一个年轻奴隶柳儿倾诉了她对卡拉夫的爱。故事随后演绎了发生在卡拉夫、图兰朵和柳儿之间的经典三角恋情。
卡拉夫来到图兰朵面前，回答出她的三个问题。他没有自我介绍，也没有告诉图兰朵自己的名字。
对于事情的这一转折图兰朵变得非常恼火，因为她不愿意结婚。见此，卡拉夫说如果她能在太阳升起之前猜出他的名字，她不仅可以不嫁给她，还可以杀了他。有人曾看见卡拉夫的父亲和柳儿陪着卡拉夫，因此图兰朵把卡拉夫的父亲和柳儿抓了起来，命令他们说出卡拉夫的名字，否则就要拷打他们。想要保护卡拉夫的父亲，柳儿宣称只有她知道卡拉夫的名字，但她拒绝告诉图兰朵。然后柳儿从一名卫兵的手中夺过一把剑自刎。
When it becomes evident what happened, Calaf scolds Turandot for not being more merciful. However, though he is angry, he still loves her. Calaf kisses Turandot. Turandot’s heart grows softer, but is still quite hard. She demands that he leave. Instead, he tells her his name—just before the dawn deadline—and says that she can kill him if she wishes. At the end of the story, the prince and princess unite in marriage, and the whole city celebrates their happiness.
Unfortunately, Puccini died of a heart attack before he completed this final scene, and it had to be completed by one of his former students, Franco Alfano. An opera company staged the opera in Beijing in the 1990s, but the performance I saw was the first time Turandot was staged inside the Forbidden City. The production combinded the very best of Western and Chinese talents. The music was conducted by Zubin Mehta, a superb conductor, who was born in India. The opera was directed by Zhang Yimou, a well－known Chinese director. In the Beijing performance I saw, Turandot was played by Sharon Sweet from the USA, Liu was played by another opera singer from the USA, Barbara Hendricks, and Calaf was sung by Kristjan Johannsson from Iceland. They were all excellent.
The Forbidden City was once only accessible to the emperor, his family and senior officials. However, in this wonderful production, it has been transformed into the spot for a beautiful and sad love story. The bringing together of this group of people from many countries, the music, and the grand setting are clearly the key components of this amazing production.
evident ['evId?nt] adj. 清楚的，显然的
It is evident that... 显然……
scold [sk??ld] vt. 训斥，责骂
scold sb. for (doing) sth. 训斥某人(做了)某事
merciful ['mз?sIfl] adj. 仁慈的，慈悲的，宽大为怀的
dawn [d??n] n. 黎明，拂晓；开端，萌芽
deadline ['dedlaIn] n. 最后期限，截止日期
unite [j?'naIt] vi. & vt. 联合，团结；统一
stage v. 组织，筹划 n. 时期，阶段；舞台
be accessible to 可利用的；可到达的；对……易接近的
transform... into... 把……变成……
grand [ɡr?nd] adj. 宏大的，壮丽的，堂皇的，隆重的
key/major/important components 重要组成部分
当所发生的事情真相大白，卡拉夫责备图兰朵不够仁慈。然而，尽管卡拉夫非常愤怒，他依然爱着图兰朵。卡拉夫亲吻了图兰朵。图兰朵的心变得软些了，但仍然相当冷酷。她强令卡拉夫离开。但是，卡拉夫告诉了图兰朵他的名字——就在黎明的期限来临之前——还说如果图兰朵愿意，她可以杀死他。在故事的结尾处，王子和公主喜结良缘，整座城市欢庆他们的幸福。
不幸的是，普契尼还没有完成这最后一幕就因心脏病突发去世了，这一幕只好由他以前的一名学生佛朗哥·阿尔法诺来完成。在20世纪90年代，一家歌剧公司将这出歌剧搬上了北京的舞台，但我观看的这场演出是《图兰朵》第一次在紫禁城里上演。这次演出结合了中西方最优秀的人才。乐队由生于印度的杰出指挥家祖宾·梅塔指挥。歌剧由中国著名导演张艺谋执导。我观看的这场在北京的演出中，图兰朵由美国的莎伦·斯威特扮演，柳儿由美国另一名歌剧演唱家芭芭拉·亨德里克斯扮演，卡拉夫则是由来自冰岛的克里斯蒂安·约翰松扮演。他们都很出色。
紫禁城曾经只允许皇帝、皇室人员和高级官员进入。但是，在这次精彩的演出中，它变成了一个美丽而令人心碎的爱情故事的发生地。来自许多国家的这群人的联袂演出、音乐以及恢弘的场景显然是这场令人惊叹的演出的重要因素。
A卷
阅读理解
A
I started to learn English from the first grade.That year I was six.In class I learned basic phrases for greeting and describing objects.I don’t have much memory for the first year of English learning.The only thing that I still remember is reading vocabulary list.A classmate of mine who was good at English would lead the whole class to read the list.One of the new words that I learned that year was “earth”．“The earth orbits the sun，” he said in Chinese.Every time we came to the word “earth”， he would repeat that sentence.I was secretly admiring him because he knew the earth orbits the sun.
My family moved when I was in my second grade, and I transferred(转学) to a private school.My English class continued.Luckily I could use the same series of text books.
I stayed in the same private school for my junior high school, which is from the 7th to the 9th grade.In junior high school, I hardly felt my English skill improved because the first English class here was still titled “Good Morning” and the content was still basic greetings.
Following was one year of high school life: a_different_school,_the_same_story．
Then my family moved again, and I began to really use English.We came to America.I attended a couple years of high school, and now I’m in college.I learn to write essays and start to read books in English.I can see my progress.However, I still have a lot of space to improve.In writing, the flow between sentences isn’t good and I’m still using basic words.In speaking, maybe because I hang out with Chinese speaking friends too much, it takes me time to think when telling long stories.
【解题导语】 作者讲述了她学习英语的经历。
1．In Grade One, the author admired that classmate because he ________．
A．could speak two languages
B．had a very wide vocabulary
C．often led the whole class to read
D．knew about the earth and the sun
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的“I was secretly admiring him because he knew the earth orbits the sun.”可知，答案应选D项。
2．How did the author most probably feel during the first English class in junior high school?
A．Moved. B．Interested.
C．Disappointed. D．Relaxed.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段的“In junior high school...still basic greetings.”可推断，作者当时很失望。
3．What do we learn about the author now?
A．She is looked down upon by others.
B．She still isn’t very fluent in English.
C．She has no chance to speak Chinese now.
D．She likes practising English through telling long stories.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第五段的However后面的内容可推断，作者现在英语还不是很流利。
4．The underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 means in senior high school the author ________．
A．didn’t live a very difficult life
B．liked her new school very much
C．learned English in a different way
D．had to learn simple English all over again
D 解析：句意理解题。根据第三段的内容可知，作者进入初中后英语又得从头学习，而画线句子的意思是：进入高中后还是这样，故选D项。
B
The Renaissance，considered by modern scholars to have been the time between 1300 and 1600, was a period of European history when many new inventions and beliefs came into being.
The Renaissance is traced back to rich Italian cities such as Florence，Milan，and Venice.In these cities businessmen started to spend their extra money on things like painting and education，and to consider new techniques of banking and systems of government.A new type of scholar, the humanist(人文主义者) arose.Humanism was concerned with humankind and culture.Latin and Greek，literature and philosophy，music and mathematics were among the subjects humanists studied.
The Renaissance gave rise to new forms of painting and sculpture. During the Renaissance, artists were no longer regarded as mere artisans(工匠). Many artists drew on mathematics in order to become more accurate in their measurements(度量) and to make sure an object was presented in realistic proportions. They also studied the way light hits objects and the ways our eyes perceive(注意到) it. A new kind of paint, called oil paint, was invented.
The Renaissance affected all of the society.Many people became interested in politics, and the world outside their towns. They became explorers, businessmen, etc. The effect on religion was especially strong. In the Middle Ages people were primarily concerned with serving the church and getting to heaven. But the increase in arts and education gave people things to look forward to in life, and made them lose interest in the church.
The Renaissance produced many great minds. Leonardo da Vinci was one of the greatest, although he was not regarded that way at the time. Among his many works of art were The Mona Lisa and The Last Supper. He is also regarded as a great inventor, and is credited for coming up with the idea of the helicopter.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了文艺复兴给整个社会所带来的影响。
5．According to the second paragraph，the Renaissance________．
A．occurred all over Europe
B．started in Italy
C．influenced art，finance，and physical education
D．was the most popular in Florence
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The Renaissance is traced back to rich Italian cities such as Florence, Milan, and Venice.”可知，文艺复兴运动始于意大利，所以正确答案为B。
6．Which of the following took place during the Renaissance?
A．People stopped going to church.
B．New forms of painting emerged.
C．Oil paint became very popular.
D．The humanists disappeared.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The Renaissance gave rise to new forms of painting and sculpture.”及“A new kind of paint, called oil paint, was invented.”可知，油画这种新的绘画形式在文艺复兴时期出现了，所以正确答案为B。
7．We can learn from the passage that________．
A．during the Renaissance many explorers and businessmen appeared
B．businessmen started the Renaissance
C．people’s interest in education declined
D．the humanists took power during the Renaissance
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Many people became interested in politics, and the world outside their towns. They became explorers, businessmen, etc.”可知，在文艺复兴时期出现了许多探险家和商人等，所以正确答案为A。
8．What does the author mainly talk about in this passage?
A．The Renaissance in Europe.
B．The birthplace of the Renaissance.
C．The effects of the Renaissance.
D．Some famous artists in Europe.
C 解析：主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了文艺复兴给整个社会所带来的影响，以及这个时期社会上所出现的新现象。
C
The idea that you can use humor, laughter, and play to make you healthier probably seems too simple to be true. However, it is really true and simple. The sense of humor, laughter and play plays an important part in keeping you healthy.
Treat the blues with a sense of humor, which is closely tied to laughter. Laughter is infectious. Have you ever heard a big laugh of a young child and been able to keep yourself from smiling? When laughter is shared between people, it makes them closer to each other and increases their happiness. Smiling is the beginning of laughter and a smile is also just as infectious as laughter is. You can experience something by smiling at everyone around you, and you will feel happier just by sharing a smile, even with a stranger.
Play is an important part of making sure that we stay healthy. We are often encouraged to make sure our children play, and are told of the benefits of being out playing. However, what we often forget is that it is just as important for old people to make play be part of their life as it’s for children. Physical play is important for the old and it certainly helps prevent illness. While the studies are still in the early stages, the studies that have been done have shown that physical play certainly plays a part in preventing cognitive(认知的) falling.
Anyway, adding humor, laughter, and play to our life will influence us mentally, physically and socially and bring us many advantages. So we should make full use of humor, laughter and play to make our life more active, more interesting and happier.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了幽默、大笑和玩耍给人们的健康带来的好处。
9．What does the underlined word “infectious” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A．Playing an important role.
B．Keeping people in high spirits.
C．Quickly influencing other people.
D．Preventing illness from spreading.
C 解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段第四句“When laughter is shared between people, it makes them closer to each other and increases their happiness.”可知，当人们分享笑容时，人们的关系更亲密，人们也会更加快乐。故infectious在此处意思为迅速影响其他人。
10．What can laughter increase according to the author?
A．Cognitive ability.
B．Good relationships.
C．A sense of humor.
D．Happiness and trust.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“When laughter is shared between people, it makes them closer to each other and increases their happiness...and you will feel happier just by sharing a smile, even with a stranger.”可知，在作者看来大笑能使人们之间的关系更亲密。
11．What does the author think the old should do?
A．They should have a good rest.
B．They should play like children.
C．They should prevent cognitive falling.
D．They should take part in physical play.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“However, what we often forget is that it is just as important for old people to make play be part of their life as it’s for children. Physical play is important for the old and it certainly helps prevent illness.”可知，作者认为老年人应该参与身体活动。
12．Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
A．Humor, Laughter and Play for Health
B．Always Keep Our Body Healthy
C．Have an Active and Happy Life
D．Let Our Body and Mind Relax
A 解析：标题归纳题。根据最后一段“Anyway, adding humor, laughter, and play to our life will influence us mentally, physically and socially and bring us many advantages. So we should make full use of humor, laughter and play to make our life more active, more interesting and happier.”可知，这篇文章的主旨是幽默、大笑和玩耍有利于健康。
七选五
How to Support Your Friends When They Are Down
One of the greatest things about having friends is that they can be there for you when you’re feeling down. 1.________ Here’s how to be a good friend when you’re needed.
2．________ Therefore, you’ll be able to tell what your friend is upset about, and thus avoid awkwardly sitting with no idea what is going on or what to say. It will also give you an advantage because it’ll make it easier for you to know what are the right and wrong statements to make.
Be an active listener. When your friends pause and look to you for a response, repeat what they just said. 3.________
Give your friend a hug, whether he or she shared anything with you or not. 4.________ You could also pat(轻拍) him or her gently on the shoulder or back.
Don’t use this as an opportunity to talk about yourself and your own problems.5.________ There is nothing worse than one person adding to the woes(悲痛) by trying to out-compete with the other’s own woes. Drop it and be empathetic(同情的) in more constructive ways.
A．This is about your friend!
B．They can cheer you up, or even help you in a way.
C．Know the situation before you attempt to help your friend.
D．Don’t make your friend do anything he or she doesn’t want to.
E．Then tell them about some problems that have made you sad or angry.
F．But do it in your own words to show that you are really listening to him or her.
G．Sometimes, a friend just needs another friend’s touch to make him/her feel better.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了当朋友心情不好的时候，我们应该做些什么。
1．B 解析：第一段主要介绍朋友的作用，B项与空前一句意义衔接。you在句中指接受帮助的一方。
2．C 解析：根据第二段的内容可知C项正确。帮助朋友之前要知道他的具体情况，这样有利于与朋友进行交流。
3．F 解析：F项中“in your own words”和“listening”为关键词。F项与段落标题“Be an active listener.”以及“repeat what they just said”对应。
4．G 解析：G项“touch”为关键词，说明了朋友间拥抱的意义——能够给朋友带来安慰。
5．A 解析：本空前一句内容：不要利用这个机会向朋友诉说你的烦恼。A项说明其原因，强调应把重心放到朋友身上。
B卷
阅读理解
Beethoven famously composed several masterpieces while he was deaf, but surely even he would be impressed with this piece of research.
A group led by BCI expert Gernot Müller－Putz shows that experiences of quite a different tone can be sounded from BCI. Based on an established BCI method which mainly enables disabled people to write, the team has developed a new application by which music can be composed and transferred(转录) onto a musical score(乐谱)，just through the power of thought. All you need is a special cap which measures brain waves, the adapted BCI, a kind of software for composing music, and of course a bit of musical knowledge.
The basic principle of the BCI method used can be briefly described: various options, such as letters or notes, pauses, chords, etc. flash by one after the other in a table. If you’ve received some training and can focus on the desired option while it lights up on a screen in front of you, you cause a minute change in your brain waves. The BCI recognises this change and draws conclusions about the chosen option.
18 test people had to “think” melodies onto a musical score. All test subjects were of sound bodily health during the study and had a certain degree of basic musical and compositional knowledge. Following user－centered design guidelines, researchers investigated(调查) the efficiency, the effectiveness and the subjective criteria. The subjective criteria evaluation revealed that users were highly satisfied with the application. “The results of the BCI compositions can really be heard. And what is more important: the test people enjoyed it. The very positive results of the study with bodily healthy test people are the first step in a possible expansion of the BCI composition to patients，” stresses Müller－Putz.
“20 years ago, the idea of composing a piece of music using the power of the mind was unimaginable. Now we can do it, but we still need a bit more time before BCI is mature enough for daily applications.”
【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了运用BCI谱曲的研究。
1．What do we know about the new application?
A．It consists of four parts.
B．It’s impractical for daily use.
C．It’s based on a new method.
D．It’s hard for users to handle.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“Now we can do it, but we still need a bit more time before BCI is mature enough for daily applications.”可推知，此项应用技术还不足以应用于日常生活中，故选B。
2．What should the test subjects do during the test?
A．Watch a screen attentively.
B．Listen to the composed melodies.
C．Make options by moving their eyes.
D．Record their feelings while composing.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段第二句“If you’ve received some training and can focus on the desired option while it lights up on a screen in front of you, you cause a minute change in your brain waves.”可推知，参与测试的人在测试中应集中注意力看屏幕，故选A。
3．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 4 refer to?
A．The test. B．The musical score.
C．The study. D．The BCI application.
D 解析：代词指代题。根据第四段的整体内容可知，本段主要讲的是这种新的应用的测试及反馈，由此可推知，画线词it指代的是这种新的应用，故选D。
4．Who will benefit most from the new application?
A．BCI experts. B．Disabled musicians.
C．Music studios. D．Learners of music.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段，并结合全文内容可推知，本文所介绍的这种新的应用会使那些像贝多芬一样残疾的音乐人受益，故选B。
完形填空
Sandy Greenberg came from a poor family. He went to Columbia University on a scholarship and there he met his roommate who also was receiving financial 1 ．
Unfortunately, Sandy had a(n) 2 disease during his second year at Columbia University, and finally he became blind. But 3 for Sandy, something else also happened to him—his roommate would 4 his textbooks to him, every night after he lost his sight.
As a result, Sandy went on to 5 with honors. He went off to study at the University of Oxford. He was still quite poor, but he had managed to 6 about five hundred dollars as he went along.
His roommate 7 went on to graduate school. One day, Sandy got a 8 from him. His former roommate said, “Sandy, I’m really 9 ．I really don’t like being in graduate school, and I don’t want to do this.”
“Well, what do you want to do？” Sandy 10 ．
His roommate told him, “Sandy, I really love to 11 . I have a high school friend who plays the guitar. And we would really like to 12 our hand at the music business. But we need to make a promo record(宣传唱片), and in order to 13 that I need $500.”
Sandy took all his life savings without 14 and sent it to his roommate. Well, his roommate was the 15 famous singer, Art Garfunkel, and he 16 up with another musician, Paul Simon. That $500 17 them make a record that finally became The Sound of Silence.
How we are able to deal with 18 in our lives will be influenced by how we deal with others 19 the way. What we get will depend a lot on what we 20 . And that’s the end of the story of doing well by doing good.
【解题导语】 珊迪在哥伦比亚大学上学时得到过室友无私的帮助。后来，室友遇到困难，珊迪毫不犹豫地伸出了援手，帮助室友实现了梦想。这篇文章告诉我们一个人生道理：回报取决于付出，助人者人助之。
1．A．aid B．advice
C．crisis D．pressure
A 解析：根据前面讲的Sandy是靠奖学金上的大学以及句中的also可知，他的室友也很穷，也接受经济“资助”。
2．A．eye B．ear
C．nose D．bone
A 解析：根据下文的“he became blind”可知，此处指Sandy上大二时“眼睛”得了病。
3．A．finally B．luckily
C．sadly D．excitedly
B 解析：虽然Sandy失明了，但他的室友每天晚上都会给他读课本。相对于失明的不幸，这是不幸之中的幸事，故用luckily。
4．A．lend B．offer
C．read D．return
C 解析：Sandy失明了，所以他的室友应该是每天晚上给他“读”课本。
5．A．survive B．research
C．leave D．graduate
D 解析：根据下一句讲的Sandy到牛津大学继续深造可推知，Sandy在室友的帮助下完成了学业并以优异的成绩“毕业”了。
6．A．save B．lend
C．share D．borrow
A 解析：根据下文中的“Sandy took all his life savings”可知，尽管Sandy的生活依然很贫困，他还是设法“积攒”了大约500美元。
7．A．never B．still
C．either D．also
D 解析：根据该段最后的“I really don’t like being in graduate school”可知，Sandy的室友“也”进入了研究生院学习。
8．A．message B．call
C．card D．report
B 解析：根据下文对话的情节可知，此处指Sandy接到了前室友的“电话”。
9．A．unhappy B．unhealthy
C．homesick D．lonely
A 解析：根据该空后的内容可知，他的室友很“不开心”。
10．A．suggested B．answered
C．asked D．laughed
C 解析：根据该空前引号中的问句可知，此处应填asked。
11．A．work B．sing
C．dance D．travel
B 解析：根据下文他的室友说要录制一张宣传唱片可知，他的室友非常喜欢“唱歌”。
12．A．wave B．wash
C．try D．clean
C 解析：此处指他们很想在音乐界一试身手。try one’s hand意为“初试身手，一试身手”。
13．A．win B．do
C．prove D．earn
B 解析：为了去“做”那件事(指录制一张宣传唱片)，他们需要500美元。
14．A．permission B．admission
C．hesitation D．expectation
C 解析：根据上文可知，在Sandy最困难的时候，室友帮助了他，故此处应指Sandy毫不犹豫地拿出自己所有的积蓄，寄给了室友。without hesitation意为“毫不犹豫地”。
15．A．other B．similar
C．former D．later
D 解析：Sandy的室友就是“后来”著名的歌手Art Garfunkel。
16．A．teamed B．came
C．showed D．set
A 解析：上文中，Art Garfunkel在电话中对Sandy说：“我有个高中时的朋友是弹吉他的。我们俩很想在音乐界一试身手。”由此可以看出，此处指他与另一位音乐家成立了一个组合。team up with (sb.)意为“(与某人)合作”。
17．A．saw B．helped
C．hoped D．let
B 解析：那500美元“帮助”他们制作出一张唱片。
18．A．interests B．opportunities
C．difficulties D．feelings
C 解析：联系Art Garfunkel和Sandy的互助经历，作者发表议论。此处指在生活中应对困难的能力与我们如何待人有很大的关系。
19．A．across B．in
C．by D．along
D 解析：此处指一直以来我们如何待人影响着我们在生活中应对困难的能力。along the way意为“在……过程中，在……道路上”，符合语境。
20．A．take B．give
C．like D．learn
B 解析：此空与句中的get相对应。本句意为：我们所得到的在很大程度上取决于我们所付出的。这就是作者要通过这样一个故事来说明的人生道理。
语法填空
Being raised in a family of teachers, I 1.____________(get) plenty of chances to connect myself with literature since a young age.So I have many stories about me and reading.
It was my father who took me on the road to reading and made me appreciate 2.____________(it) beauty.When I was a little girl, he bought me a book 3.____________(name) Romance of the Three Kingdoms.I was too young to read this difficult work, so my father explained it to me 4.____________(patient)．From then on, I started to enjoy reading books.
When I became a middle school student, I began to read some simplified English classics on my own.Sometimes, I would write down my thoughts and 5.____________(feel) and share them with my father.Among all the books that I read during my middle school years, Jane Eyre left the 6.____________(deep) impression on me.I was having some difficulties with my studies at that time, 7.____________ Jane Eyre’s persistence(坚持) and courage inspired me a lot.Thanks to my reading habit, I managed 8.____________(overcome)the difficulties of my studies.
Now, I’m a senior high school student and very busy with my studies.But I still keep on reading in my spare time.My mother told me that I should be absorbed 9.____________my studies, but in my point of view, I regard reading as an oasis(绿洲) that can make me relax.
Recently, I thought about the benefits 10.____________reading could bring us.Reading can clear our minds and motivate us.In addition, we may broaden our horizons and gain more knowledge through reading.I hope that my story can inspire you to start your own reading adventure.
【解题导语】 本文主要讲述了作者和阅读之间的故事，作者以此来鼓励大家多读书。
1．have got/gotten 解析：考查动词时态。since意为“自从”，引导时间状语从句时，主句一般用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。
2．its 解析：考查代词。修饰名词一般用形容词，故用形容词性物主代词its 修饰名词 beauty, 作定语。
3.named 解析：考查非谓语动词。name 和句子谓语 bought 之间没有连词，故用非谓语动词，且和其逻辑主语 a book 构成动宾关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。
4.patiently 解析：考查副词。副词修饰形容词、副词、动词甚至整个句子，作状语。故用副词 patiently 修饰动词 explained。
5.feelings 解析：考查词性转换。根据 and 可知，此处和thoughts 并列，故用feel的名词的复数形式feelings。
6.deepest 解析：考查形容词的最高级。与 Among all the books 和定冠词 the 呼应，此处用形容词的最高级形式，修饰名词 impression。
7.but 解析：考查连词。根据语境可知，上下文表示逻辑上的转折关系，故用连词 but。
8.to overcome 解析：考查非谓语动词。固定搭配 manage to do sth.意为“设法完成某事”，故用不定式作宾语。
9.in 解析：考查介词。固定搭配 be absorbed in sth.意为“专注于某事”，故用介词in。
10．that/which 解析：考查定语从句。that/which 引导定语从句，在从句中作宾语，该从句修饰先行词 the benefits。
课件49张PPT。Unit 2 The universal languageUnit 2 The universal languageUnit 2 The universal languageUnit 2 The universal languageUnit 2 The universal languageSection Ⅰ Welcome to the unit & Reading—Warming UpUnit 2 The universal language本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
A卷
阅读理解
A
I started to learn English from the first grade.That year I was six.In class I learned basic phrases for greeting and describing objects.I don’t have much memory for the first year of English learning.The only thing that I still remember is reading vocabulary list.A classmate of mine who was good at English would lead the whole class to read the list.One of the new words that I learned that year was “earth”．“The earth orbits the sun，” he said in Chinese.Every time we came to the word “earth”， he would repeat that sentence.I was secretly admiring him because he knew the earth orbits the sun.
My family moved when I was in my second grade, and I transferred(转学) to a private school.My English class continued.Luckily I could use the same series of text books.
I stayed in the same private school for my junior high school, which is from the 7th to the 9th grade.In junior high school, I hardly felt my English skill improved because the first English class here was still titled “Good Morning” and the content was still basic greetings.
Following was one year of high school life: a_different_school,_the_same_story．
Then my family moved again, and I began to really use English.We came to America.I attended a couple years of high school, and now I’m in college.I learn to write essays and start to read books in English.I can see my progress.However, I still have a lot of space to improve.In writing, the flow between sentences isn’t good and I’m still using basic words.In speaking, maybe because I hang out with Chinese speaking friends too much, it takes me time to think when telling long stories.
【解题导语】 作者讲述了她学习英语的经历。
1．In Grade One, the author admired that classmate because he ________．
A．could speak two languages
B．had a very wide vocabulary
C．often led the whole class to read
D．knew about the earth and the sun
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的“I was secretly admiring him because he knew the earth orbits the sun.”可知，答案应选D项。
2．How did the author most probably feel during the first English class in junior high school?
A．Moved. B．Interested.
C．Disappointed. D．Relaxed.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段的“In junior high school...still basic greetings.”可推断，作者当时很失望。
3．What do we learn about the author now?
A．She is looked down upon by others.
B．She still isn’t very fluent in English.
C．She has no chance to speak Chinese now.
D．She likes practising English through telling long stories.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第五段的However后面的内容可推断，作者现在英语还不是很流利。
4．The underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 means in senior high school the author ________．
A．didn’t live a very difficult life
B．liked her new school very much
C．learned English in a different way
D．had to learn simple English all over again
D 解析：句意理解题。根据第三段的内容可知，作者进入初中后英语又得从头学习，而画线句子的意思是：进入高中后还是这样，故选D项。
B
The Renaissance，considered by modern scholars to have been the time between 1300 and 1600, was a period of European history when many new inventions and beliefs came into being.
The Renaissance is traced back to rich Italian cities such as Florence，Milan，and Venice.In these cities businessmen started to spend their extra money on things like painting and education，and to consider new techniques of banking and systems of government.A new type of scholar, the humanist(人文主义者) arose.Humanism was concerned with humankind and culture.Latin and Greek，literature and philosophy，music and mathematics were among the subjects humanists studied.
The Renaissance gave rise to new forms of painting and sculpture. During the Renaissance, artists were no longer regarded as mere artisans(工匠). Many artists drew on mathematics in order to become more accurate in their measurements(度量) and to make sure an object was presented in realistic proportions. They also studied the way light hits objects and the ways our eyes perceive(注意到) it. A new kind of paint, called oil paint, was invented.
The Renaissance affected all of the society.Many people became interested in politics, and the world outside their towns. They became explorers, businessmen, etc. The effect on religion was especially strong. In the Middle Ages people were primarily concerned with serving the church and getting to heaven. But the increase in arts and education gave people things to look forward to in life, and made them lose interest in the church.
The Renaissance produced many great minds. Leonardo da Vinci was one of the greatest, although he was not regarded that way at the time. Among his many works of art were The Mona Lisa and The Last Supper. He is also regarded as a great inventor, and is credited for coming up with the idea of the helicopter.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了文艺复兴给整个社会所带来的影响。
5．According to the second paragraph，the Renaissance________．
A．occurred all over Europe
B．started in Italy
C．influenced art，finance，and physical education
D．was the most popular in Florence
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The Renaissance is traced back to rich Italian cities such as Florence, Milan, and Venice.”可知，文艺复兴运动始于意大利，所以正确答案为B。
6．Which of the following took place during the Renaissance?
A．People stopped going to church.
B．New forms of painting emerged.
C．Oil paint became very popular.
D．The humanists disappeared.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The Renaissance gave rise to new forms of painting and sculpture.”及“A new kind of paint, called oil paint, was invented.”可知，油画这种新的绘画形式在文艺复兴时期出现了，所以正确答案为B。
7．We can learn from the passage that________．
A．during the Renaissance many explorers and businessmen appeared
B．businessmen started the Renaissance
C．people’s interest in education declined
D．the humanists took power during the Renaissance
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Many people became interested in politics, and the world outside their towns. They became explorers, businessmen, etc.”可知，在文艺复兴时期出现了许多探险家和商人等，所以正确答案为A。
8．What does the author mainly talk about in this passage?
A．The Renaissance in Europe.
B．The birthplace of the Renaissance.
C．The effects of the Renaissance.
D．Some famous artists in Europe.
C 解析：主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了文艺复兴给整个社会所带来的影响，以及这个时期社会上所出现的新现象。
C
The idea that you can use humor, laughter, and play to make you healthier probably seems too simple to be true. However, it is really true and simple. The sense of humor, laughter and play plays an important part in keeping you healthy.
Treat the blues with a sense of humor, which is closely tied to laughter. Laughter is infectious. Have you ever heard a big laugh of a young child and been able to keep yourself from smiling? When laughter is shared between people, it makes them closer to each other and increases their happiness. Smiling is the beginning of laughter and a smile is also just as infectious as laughter is. You can experience something by smiling at everyone around you, and you will feel happier just by sharing a smile, even with a stranger.
Play is an important part of making sure that we stay healthy. We are often encouraged to make sure our children play, and are told of the benefits of being out playing. However, what we often forget is that it is just as important for old people to make play be part of their life as it’s for children. Physical play is important for the old and it certainly helps prevent illness. While the studies are still in the early stages, the studies that have been done have shown that physical play certainly plays a part in preventing cognitive(认知的) falling.
Anyway, adding humor, laughter, and play to our life will influence us mentally, physically and socially and bring us many advantages. So we should make full use of humor, laughter and play to make our life more active, more interesting and happier.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了幽默、大笑和玩耍给人们的健康带来的好处。
9．What does the underlined word “infectious” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A．Playing an important role.
B．Keeping people in high spirits.
C．Quickly influencing other people.
D．Preventing illness from spreading.
C 解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段第四句“When laughter is shared between people, it makes them closer to each other and increases their happiness.”可知，当人们分享笑容时，人们的关系更亲密，人们也会更加快乐。故infectious在此处意思为迅速影响其他人。
10．What can laughter increase according to the author?
A．Cognitive ability.
B．Good relationships.
C．A sense of humor.
D．Happiness and trust.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“When laughter is shared between people, it makes them closer to each other and increases their happiness...and you will feel happier just by sharing a smile, even with a stranger.”可知，在作者看来大笑能使人们之间的关系更亲密。
11．What does the author think the old should do?
A．They should have a good rest.
B．They should play like children.
C．They should prevent cognitive falling.
D．They should take part in physical play.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“However, what we often forget is that it is just as important for old people to make play be part of their life as it’s for children. Physical play is important for the old and it certainly helps prevent illness.”可知，作者认为老年人应该参与身体活动。
12．Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
A．Humor, Laughter and Play for Health
B．Always Keep Our Body Healthy
C．Have an Active and Happy Life
D．Let Our Body and Mind Relax
A 解析：标题归纳题。根据最后一段“Anyway, adding humor, laughter, and play to our life will influence us mentally, physically and socially and bring us many advantages. So we should make full use of humor, laughter and play to make our life more active, more interesting and happier.”可知，这篇文章的主旨是幽默、大笑和玩耍有利于健康。
七选五
How to Support Your Friends When They Are Down
One of the greatest things about having friends is that they can be there for you when you’re feeling down. 1.________ Here’s how to be a good friend when you’re needed.
2．________ Therefore, you’ll be able to tell what your friend is upset about, and thus avoid awkwardly sitting with no idea what is going on or what to say. It will also give you an advantage because it’ll make it easier for you to know what are the right and wrong statements to make.
Be an active listener. When your friends pause and look to you for a response, repeat what they just said. 3.________
Give your friend a hug, whether he or she shared anything with you or not. 4.________ You could also pat(轻拍) him or her gently on the shoulder or back.
Don’t use this as an opportunity to talk about yourself and your own problems.5.________ There is nothing worse than one person adding to the woes(悲痛) by trying to out-compete with the other’s own woes. Drop it and be empathetic(同情的) in more constructive ways.
A．This is about your friend!
B．They can cheer you up, or even help you in a way.
C．Know the situation before you attempt to help your friend.
D．Don’t make your friend do anything he or she doesn’t want to.
E．Then tell them about some problems that have made you sad or angry.
F．But do it in your own words to show that you are really listening to him or her.
G．Sometimes, a friend just needs another friend’s touch to make him/her feel better.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了当朋友心情不好的时候，我们应该做些什么。
1．B 解析：第一段主要介绍朋友的作用，B项与空前一句意义衔接。you在句中指接受帮助的一方。
2．C 解析：根据第二段的内容可知C项正确。帮助朋友之前要知道他的具体情况，这样有利于与朋友进行交流。
3．F 解析：F项中“in your own words”和“listening”为关键词。F项与段落标题“Be an active listener.”以及“repeat what they just said”对应。
4．G 解析：G项“touch”为关键词，说明了朋友间拥抱的意义——能够给朋友带来安慰。
5．A 解析：本空前一句内容：不要利用这个机会向朋友诉说你的烦恼。A项说明其原因，强调应把重心放到朋友身上。
B卷
阅读理解
Beethoven famously composed several masterpieces while he was deaf, but surely even he would be impressed with this piece of research.
A group led by BCI expert Gernot Müller－Putz shows that experiences of quite a different tone can be sounded from BCI. Based on an established BCI method which mainly enables disabled people to write, the team has developed a new application by which music can be composed and transferred(转录) onto a musical score(乐谱)，just through the power of thought. All you need is a special cap which measures brain waves, the adapted BCI, a kind of software for composing music, and of course a bit of musical knowledge.
The basic principle of the BCI method used can be briefly described: various options, such as letters or notes, pauses, chords, etc. flash by one after the other in a table. If you’ve received some training and can focus on the desired option while it lights up on a screen in front of you, you cause a minute change in your brain waves. The BCI recognises this change and draws conclusions about the chosen option.
18 test people had to “think” melodies onto a musical score. All test subjects were of sound bodily health during the study and had a certain degree of basic musical and compositional knowledge. Following user－centered design guidelines, researchers investigated(调查) the efficiency, the effectiveness and the subjective criteria. The subjective criteria evaluation revealed that users were highly satisfied with the application. “The results of the BCI compositions can really be heard. And what is more important: the test people enjoyed it. The very positive results of the study with bodily healthy test people are the first step in a possible expansion of the BCI composition to patients，” stresses Müller－Putz.
“20 years ago, the idea of composing a piece of music using the power of the mind was unimaginable. Now we can do it, but we still need a bit more time before BCI is mature enough for daily applications.”
【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了运用BCI谱曲的研究。
1．What do we know about the new application?
A．It consists of four parts.
B．It’s impractical for daily use.
C．It’s based on a new method.
D．It’s hard for users to handle.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“Now we can do it, but we still need a bit more time before BCI is mature enough for daily applications.”可推知，此项应用技术还不足以应用于日常生活中，故选B。
2．What should the test subjects do during the test?
A．Watch a screen attentively.
B．Listen to the composed melodies.
C．Make options by moving their eyes.
D．Record their feelings while composing.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段第二句“If you’ve received some training and can focus on the desired option while it lights up on a screen in front of you, you cause a minute change in your brain waves.”可推知，参与测试的人在测试中应集中注意力看屏幕，故选A。
3．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 4 refer to?
A．The test. B．The musical score.
C．The study. D．The BCI application.
D 解析：代词指代题。根据第四段的整体内容可知，本段主要讲的是这种新的应用的测试及反馈，由此可推知，画线词it指代的是这种新的应用，故选D。
4．Who will benefit most from the new application?
A．BCI experts. B．Disabled musicians.
C．Music studios. D．Learners of music.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段，并结合全文内容可推知，本文所介绍的这种新的应用会使那些像贝多芬一样残疾的音乐人受益，故选B。
完形填空
Sandy Greenberg came from a poor family. He went to Columbia University on a scholarship and there he met his roommate who also was receiving financial 1 ．
Unfortunately, Sandy had a(n) 2 disease during his second year at Columbia University, and finally he became blind. But 3 for Sandy, something else also happened to him—his roommate would 4 his textbooks to him, every night after he lost his sight.
As a result, Sandy went on to 5 with honors. He went off to study at the University of Oxford. He was still quite poor, but he had managed to 6 about five hundred dollars as he went along.
His roommate 7 went on to graduate school. One day, Sandy got a 8 from him. His former roommate said, “Sandy, I’m really 9 ．I really don’t like being in graduate school, and I don’t want to do this.”
“Well, what do you want to do？” Sandy 10 ．
His roommate told him, “Sandy, I really love to 11 . I have a high school friend who plays the guitar. And we would really like to 12 our hand at the music business. But we need to make a promo record(宣传唱片), and in order to 13 that I need $500.”
Sandy took all his life savings without 14 and sent it to his roommate. Well, his roommate was the 15 famous singer, Art Garfunkel, and he 16 up with another musician, Paul Simon. That $500 17 them make a record that finally became The Sound of Silence.
How we are able to deal with 18 in our lives will be influenced by how we deal with others 19 the way. What we get will depend a lot on what we 20 . And that’s the end of the story of doing well by doing good.
【解题导语】 珊迪在哥伦比亚大学上学时得到过室友无私的帮助。后来，室友遇到困难，珊迪毫不犹豫地伸出了援手，帮助室友实现了梦想。这篇文章告诉我们一个人生道理：回报取决于付出，助人者人助之。
1．A．aid B．advice
C．crisis D．pressure
A 解析：根据前面讲的Sandy是靠奖学金上的大学以及句中的also可知，他的室友也很穷，也接受经济“资助”。
2．A．eye B．ear
C．nose D．bone
A 解析：根据下文的“he became blind”可知，此处指Sandy上大二时“眼睛”得了病。
3．A．finally B．luckily
C．sadly D．excitedly
B 解析：虽然Sandy失明了，但他的室友每天晚上都会给他读课本。相对于失明的不幸，这是不幸之中的幸事，故用luckily。
4．A．lend B．offer
C．read D．return
C 解析：Sandy失明了，所以他的室友应该是每天晚上给他“读”课本。
5．A．survive B．research
C．leave D．graduate
D 解析：根据下一句讲的Sandy到牛津大学继续深造可推知，Sandy在室友的帮助下完成了学业并以优异的成绩“毕业”了。
6．A．save B．lend
C．share D．borrow
A 解析：根据下文中的“Sandy took all his life savings”可知，尽管Sandy的生活依然很贫困，他还是设法“积攒”了大约500美元。
7．A．never B．still
C．either D．also
D 解析：根据该段最后的“I really don’t like being in graduate school”可知，Sandy的室友“也”进入了研究生院学习。
8．A．message B．call
C．card D．report
B 解析：根据下文对话的情节可知，此处指Sandy接到了前室友的“电话”。
9．A．unhappy B．unhealthy
C．homesick D．lonely
A 解析：根据该空后的内容可知，他的室友很“不开心”。
10．A．suggested B．answered
C．asked D．laughed
C 解析：根据该空前引号中的问句可知，此处应填asked。
11．A．work B．sing
C．dance D．travel
B 解析：根据下文他的室友说要录制一张宣传唱片可知，他的室友非常喜欢“唱歌”。
12．A．wave B．wash
C．try D．clean
C 解析：此处指他们很想在音乐界一试身手。try one’s hand意为“初试身手，一试身手”。
13．A．win B．do
C．prove D．earn
B 解析：为了去“做”那件事(指录制一张宣传唱片)，他们需要500美元。
14．A．permission B．admission
C．hesitation D．expectation
C 解析：根据上文可知，在Sandy最困难的时候，室友帮助了他，故此处应指Sandy毫不犹豫地拿出自己所有的积蓄，寄给了室友。without hesitation意为“毫不犹豫地”。
15．A．other B．similar
C．former D．later
D 解析：Sandy的室友就是“后来”著名的歌手Art Garfunkel。
16．A．teamed B．came
C．showed D．set
A 解析：上文中，Art Garfunkel在电话中对Sandy说：“我有个高中时的朋友是弹吉他的。我们俩很想在音乐界一试身手。”由此可以看出，此处指他与另一位音乐家成立了一个组合。team up with (sb.)意为“(与某人)合作”。
17．A．saw B．helped
C．hoped D．let
B 解析：那500美元“帮助”他们制作出一张唱片。
18．A．interests B．opportunities
C．difficulties D．feelings
C 解析：联系Art Garfunkel和Sandy的互助经历，作者发表议论。此处指在生活中应对困难的能力与我们如何待人有很大的关系。
19．A．across B．in
C．by D．along
D 解析：此处指一直以来我们如何待人影响着我们在生活中应对困难的能力。along the way意为“在……过程中，在……道路上”，符合语境。
20．A．take B．give
C．like D．learn
B 解析：此空与句中的get相对应。本句意为：我们所得到的在很大程度上取决于我们所付出的。这就是作者要通过这样一个故事来说明的人生道理。
语法填空
Being raised in a family of teachers, I 1.____________(get) plenty of chances to connect myself with literature since a young age.So I have many stories about me and reading.
It was my father who took me on the road to reading and made me appreciate 2.____________(it) beauty.When I was a little girl, he bought me a book 3.____________(name) Romance of the Three Kingdoms.I was too young to read this difficult work, so my father explained it to me 4.____________(patient)．From then on, I started to enjoy reading books.
When I became a middle school student, I began to read some simplified English classics on my own.Sometimes, I would write down my thoughts and 5.____________(feel) and share them with my father.Among all the books that I read during my middle school years, Jane Eyre left the 6.____________(deep) impression on me.I was having some difficulties with my studies at that time, 7.____________ Jane Eyre’s persistence(坚持) and courage inspired me a lot.Thanks to my reading habit, I managed 8.____________(overcome)the difficulties of my studies.
Now, I’m a senior high school student and very busy with my studies.But I still keep on reading in my spare time.My mother told me that I should be absorbed 9.____________my studies, but in my point of view, I regard reading as an oasis(绿洲) that can make me relax.
Recently, I thought about the benefits 10.____________reading could bring us.Reading can clear our minds and motivate us.In addition, we may broaden our horizons and gain more knowledge through reading.I hope that my story can inspire you to start your own reading adventure.
【解题导语】 本文主要讲述了作者和阅读之间的故事，作者以此来鼓励大家多读书。
1．have got/gotten 解析：考查动词时态。since意为“自从”，引导时间状语从句时，主句一般用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。
2．its 解析：考查代词。修饰名词一般用形容词，故用形容词性物主代词its 修饰名词 beauty, 作定语。
3.named 解析：考查非谓语动词。name 和句子谓语 bought 之间没有连词，故用非谓语动词，且和其逻辑主语 a book 构成动宾关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。
4.patiently 解析：考查副词。副词修饰形容词、副词、动词甚至整个句子，作状语。故用副词 patiently 修饰动词 explained。
5.feelings 解析：考查词性转换。根据 and 可知，此处和thoughts 并列，故用feel的名词的复数形式feelings。
6.deepest 解析：考查形容词的最高级。与 Among all the books 和定冠词 the 呼应，此处用形容词的最高级形式，修饰名词 impression。
7.but 解析：考查连词。根据语境可知，上下文表示逻辑上的转折关系，故用连词 but。
8.to overcome 解析：考查非谓语动词。固定搭配 manage to do sth.意为“设法完成某事”，故用不定式作宾语。
9.in 解析：考查介词。固定搭配 be absorbed in sth.意为“专注于某事”，故用介词in。
10．that/which 解析：考查定语从句。that/which 引导定语从句，在从句中作宾语，该从句修饰先行词 the benefits。
课件54张PPT。Section Ⅱ Welcome to the unit & Reading—Language PointsUnit 2 The universal language本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
品句填词
The captain was ____________(不愿意) to hand over the command of his ship.
答案：unwilling
The government officials showed no signs of giving in to the kidnappers’ ____________(要求)．
答案：demand
She wanted to do a good deed，only to be ____________(责备) by her teacher.
答案：condemned
The editor of the newspaper was ____________(指责) for lacking integrity.
答案：scolded
She didn’t ____________(参加) in the discussion.
答案：participate
They ____________(占领) the airport in a surprise attack.
答案：seized
We will not pity nor spare, nor have ____________(同情) to the enemy.
答案：mercy
Your report must be finished and submitted to the committee before the ____________(截止日期)．
答案：deadline
9．Such problems are a ____________(普遍的) feature of old age.
答案：universal
10．He was too ____________(顽固) to admit that he was wrong.
答案：stubborn
单句改错
1．The power project constructed now will play an important part in agriculture and industry in the future.
____________________
答案：project后加being
2．The Yangtze River is long than the other rivers in China.____________________
答案：long→longer
3．He was heartened to find the people live better than ever before.____________________
答案：live→living
4．Two of the windows were found breaking.____________________
答案：breaking→broken
5．The boy wanted to swim in the river but his mother told him not.____________________
答案：not后面加to
完成句子
面试后的几天，我收到了这所大学录取我的信。
A few days after the interview I received a letter ________________________________．
答案：offering my admission to the university
2．校长要求你立刻为你的鲁莽向她道歉。
The headmaster demanded that you ____________________________________ your rudeness immediately.
答案：(should) apologize to her for
3．布莱克先生退出政坛不问世事，结果被人遗忘。
Mr. Blake withdrew from the politics; as a consequence he ________________________.
答案：was forgotten by people
4.在我看来，这个计划太实用了。
In my opinion，this plan ____________________________________．
答案：can’t be more practical
5．他认为它有用，就买了它。
He ________________________ and bought it.
答案：thought it useful
课文语法填空
The world-famous opera，Turandot，is the story of a cold-hearted Chinese princess，1.____________(name) Turandot. In order to avoid 2.____________(marry)，she says that any potential husband must solve three riddles 3.____________(correct) or die. A prince，named Calaf，decides that he 4.____________(solve) the riddles and marry her. But a young slave of his father，Liu，begins to love him，then the story takes on a classic love triangle 5.____________(feature) Calaf，Turandot，and Liu，6.____________ love for Calaf is unconditional.7.____________ Calaf recites the answers to the Turandot’s questions correctly，she is greatly upset by this. 8.____________(see) this，Calaf says that 9.____________ she can guess his name by sunrise，she does not have to marry him, but can have him killed. In order to learn his name，she tortures Liu，asking for the name. Unfortunately，Liu kills herself. But at the end of the story，the prince and Turandot unite in marriage, and the whole city celebrates their 10.____________(happy).
答案：1.named 2.marriage 3.correctly 4.will solve 5.featuring 6.whose 7.Although 8.Seeing 9.if 10.happiness
A卷
单句语法填空
1．Who is the woman ____________(operate) on now?
答案：being operated
2．How beautifully she sings! I’ve never heard a ____________(good) voice.
答案：better
3．When we got home, we found mother ____________(wait) for us to have dinner.
答案：waiting
4．His lack of knowledge condemns him ____________(do) the kind of work that needs strength.
答案：to do
5．It’s ____________(disturb) that I can’t get along well with my new neighbor.
答案：disturbing
6．The boss demanded that Mary ____________(finish) it within a week.
答案：(should) finish
7．The campus has taken ____________ a new look.
答案：on
8．What truly made me fall in love ____________ my husband was his character.
答案：with
9．Jim got away with cheating in the Physics test, while Mike ____________(scold)．
答案：was scolded
10．I will let him know when the men come __________ sight again.
答案：in
阅读理解
French cuisine is extremely diverse，with only the Chinese having similar variety in their food.This variety is supported by the French passion for good food in all its forms，France’s extraordinary range of different geographical conditions and climates that support the local production of many types of ingredients(原料), and France’s long and varied history.In many ways，an understanding of the culture of French food is an understanding of France itself.
Meals range from the very basic, such as the traditional baguette(棍子面包), cheese and inexpensive wine, to very elaborate meals that can include a dozen dishes and different wines consumed over several hours.Obviously，the latter type of dining is hardly used by most people.However, it is this dining that is typically found in“French restaurants”outside France，giving many foreigners the mistaken impression that French food is heavy and complicated.In fact，much of the French cuisine is fairly simple, relying on high-quality fresh ingredients and loving preparation.
Almost all the famous French dishes are regional specialties.The French Mediterranean uses olive oil, herbs and tomatoes in many of its dishes.The cuisine of northwest France uses butter, soured cream and apples.The cuisine of northeast France has a strong German influence which includes beer and sauerkraut.Throughout the south in general there tends to be more use of vegetables and fruit(in part due to the favorable climate)．
Any discussion about the influences on French cuisine would be incomplete without recognizing the historical contribution of Italy to the development of French cooking.In 1533，Catherine De Medicis (a Florentine princess) married a French prince.At this point，France was not known for its food.Catherine brought many Italian chefs with her to France, who introduced to France a variety of dishes，food preparation and dining practices.Although France and Italy obviously have evolved very different food cultures, much of France’s current food culture can be traced back to this time.
【解题导语】 法国美食闻名天下，本文向我们介绍了很多关于法国美食的信息。
1．Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A．Chinese cuisine is full of variety.
B．France has different climates.
C．France has a long history.
D．French cuisine lacks variety.
D 解析：细节理解题。从第一段中的“French cuisine is extremely diverse，with only the Chinese having similar variety in their food.”可知D项描述错误。
2．In France，a meal that includes a dozen dishes and different wines________．
A．is often consumed by average people
B．can only be found in restaurants
C．is not common among most people
D．is considered to be simple by most people
C 解析：推理判断题。从第二段中的“Obviously，the latter type of dining is hardly used by most people.”可知C项正确。
3．What is the third paragraph mainly about?
A．Features of food in different parts of France.
B．Table manners in different parts of France.
C．What influenced the development of French cuisine.
D．How French cuisine affects local culture.
A 解析：段落大意题。第三段主要讲述了法国不同地区的美食的特点。
4．We can learn from the last paragraph that________．
A．Italian food is more complicated than French food
B．Italian food culture is still influencing French food
C．French food was not as famous around the 1530s as it is now
D．French food is more famous than Italian food
C 解析：推理判断题。从最后一段中的“At this point，France was not known for its food.”可知C项正确。
完形填空
Mr. Jackson was blind from birth. He owned a fruit 1 on a very busy street. 2 he was visually disabled，he ran his business pretty handsomely. He could see nothing and he could only 3 the things within his reach. 4 ，he was able to handle it and was content with everything he had.
One day his son came to him. He told Mr. Jackson in 5 that he read in the newspaper of a 6 who could operate on his eyes and allow him to see. The father and son traveled to the doctor and paid for the 7 .
After the operation，the doctor asked Mr. Jackson, “What is the first thing you are 8 to see when I take the bandages off？”He replied，“I really want to see my beautiful 9 on my stand！”
The doctor and the son 10 Mr. Jackson down to the busy street where his fruit stand had been located for so many years. The doctor 11 unwrapped the bandages 12 he could lay his eyes on the beautiful fruit！Mr. Jackson was so full of 13 that he could finally see his life’s work—taking care of his fruit！After a few hours of 14 his beautiful fruit stand, he looked down the street both ways and saw there were quite a few fruit stands in both directions. He looked 15 the street and saw many other fruit stands.He spent so much time looking at other people’s fruit stands and 16 the competition that soon his own business 17 ．
From Mr. Jackson’s failure，we should know that everyone is a 18 individual with different fingerprints，DNA and thinking. What we need to do is just be ourselves and 19 everyone else to be who they are. Mind our own business and we should never be afraid of 20 ．
【解题导语】 本文通过Mr.Jackson的故事，旨在告诉我们：我们每一个人都是独一无二的个体，我们有不同的思想，不同的遗传基因，所以我们要做最好的自己，但也要学会成就别人；人只有专注于自己的事业，心无旁骛，才有可能在竞争中立于不败之地。
1．A．stand B．company
C．store D．center
A 解析：根据“I really want to see my beautiful ______on my stand！”可判断，Jackson在一个繁华的商业街拥有一个“水果摊”。A项意为“摊；报摊”；B项意为“公司”；C项意为“商店”；D项意为“中心”，故选A项。
2．A．Because B．As
C．Although D．When
C 解析：此处句意是：尽管他双目失明，但是他的水果摊生意经营得还是相当得好；前后是让步关系，故选C项。
3．A．remember B．describe
C．imagine D．feel
D 解析：根据“He could see nothing...”可判断，Jackson眼睛看不见，他只能“触摸，感觉”周围的东西，故选D项。
4．A．Therefore B．However
C．Otherwise D．Besides
B 解析：此处句意是：然而，他却能够把一切处理得井井有条，并对他所拥有的一切感到很满足；前后是转折关系，故选B项。
5．A．pride B．doubt
C．excitement D．surprise
C 解析：此处句意是：儿子“兴奋地”告诉Jackson先生，他在报上读到一则消息，有一位医生能给他做手术，让他的眼睛重见光明。in excitement“兴奋地”，故选C项。
6．A．doctor B．nurse
C．chemist D．volunteer
A 解析：参见上一题解析。
7．A．information B．medicine
C．service D．operation
D 解析：根据“After the operation, the doctor asked...”可判断，Jackson 和儿子去看医生、做手术，支付眼部手术费，故选D项。
8．A．nervous B．lucky
C．eager D．afraid
C 解析：此处句意是：医生问Jackson术后去掉眼部绷带后，他最渴望见到的第一件东西是什么？be eager to do sth.“渴望干某事”，故选C项。
9．A．flowers B．vegetables
C．fruit D．clothing
C 解析：Jackson回答说，他最想见到的是他水果摊上漂亮的水果，故选C项。
10．A．sent B．accompanied
C．followed D．invited
B 解析：医生和儿子“陪同”Jackson先生来到他位于商业街的水果摊前；accompany“伴随，陪同”，故选B项。
11．A．suddenly B．curiously
C．carefully D．firmly
C 解析：此处句意是：医生“小心谨慎地”解开Jackson的眼部绷带，目的是能让他看见水果摊上的水果，故选C项。
12．A．so that B．in case
C．even if D．if only
A 解析：此处是用so that引导目的状语从句，故选A项。
13．A．regret B．joy
C．courage D．relief
B 解析：Jackson终于能看见他的水果摊了，自然是十分“高兴”。A项“遗憾”；B项“高兴”；C项“勇气”；D项“宽慰”。故选B项。
14．A．enjoying B．checking
C．judging D．making
A 解析：此处句意是：欣赏完他漂亮的水果摊后，他看见街道两边上有很多水果摊；根据句意可知应选A项。
15．A．above B．within
C．through D．across
D 解析：此处句意是：他向街对面看去，又看见了很多其他的水果摊。look across“向……对面看去”，故选D项。
16．A．preparing for B．focusing on
C．worrying about D．taking up
C 解析：Jackson花了大量的时间张望别人的水果摊，并对这种竞争充满焦虑，结果他的生意很快开始衰败。A项“为……做准备”；B项“使(眼睛、注意力等)集中于……”；C项“担心……”；D项“占据”；根据句意可知选C项。
17．A．improved B．failed
C．appeared D．expanded
B 解析：根据“From Mr. Jackson’s failure, we should know that...”可判断，此处应选B项“衰退，失败”。
18．A．simple B．reliable
C．unique D．perfect
C 解析：此处句意：我们每一个人都是有着不同的指纹，不同的基因和不同的思想的独特个体。A项“简单的”；B项“可信赖的”；C项“唯一的，独特的”；D项“完美的”。故选C项。
19．A．force B．require
C．persuade D．allow
D 解析：此处句意：我们需要做的就是做最好的自己，也允许别人成为他们想要成为的人。allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”，故选D项。
20．A．competitions B．changes
C．differences D．disabilities
A 解析：此处句意：我们只有做好自己的事情才不会害怕“竞争”。A项“竞争”；B项“改变，变化”；C项“不同”；D项“无能，伤残”。故选A项。
B卷
阅读理解
A
Modern science suggests that a healthy lifestyle matters much to how long you can live and how well you live.Here are some tips for you to form a healthy lifestyle.
Keep a scientific diet.Keep in mind that sugar can be removed(去除) from our diet completely.Over intake(摄入量) of sugar is one of the main reasons for getting fat.Over intake of protein(蛋白质) or fat and low intake of fiber can also lead to getting fat.Only a few grams of protein do we need every day to keep our body in order.Like rain to crops，not the more the better.
Be always in a good mood.There is a relationship between the mood and health.A good mood keeps you in high spirits.Thanks to the Internet, we can enjoy and learn much without going out.Take a look at some online shops and pick up some bargains, enjoy music and movies and chat with good friends.Just keep happy.
Enough sleep.Two studies show the reasons why teens and adults don’t have enough sleep.With teens，a major reason is mobile phone use; with adults, it’s work.Meanwhile, a third study of young children shows that lack of sleep in early life may lead to serious problems in future.Everyone needs at least 8-hour sleep to recover from tiredness and the hurt caused by hard work in the daytime.
Proper exercise.Do exercise to keep away from fatness.Because of the quick pace of the modern life, you don’t have time to do exercise every day, but at least three times a week and 45 minutes each time.
【解题导语】 如今，生活节奏加快。健康的生活方式对人们越来越重要，那么如何养成健康的生活习惯呢？本文为大家提供了几点建议。
1．The author wrote this passage to ________．
A．tell the readers how to take proper exercise every day
B．provide some advice on how to form a healthy lifestyle
C．ask people to care about their health rather than their work
D．make some surveys among those who have health problems
B 解析：写作意图题。根据第一段中的“Here are some tips for you to form a healthy lifestyle.”可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是为人们提一些养成健康生活方式的建议。
2．The main reason why teenagers don’t have enough sleep is that they ________．
A．use mobile phones too much
B．have too much homework
C．eat too much sugar every day
D．don’t have enough exercise
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“With teens，a major reason is mobile phone use”可知答案。
3．How many minutes do you need to do exercise at least every week?
A．45 minutes. B．90 minutes.
C．115 minutes. D．135 minutes.
D 解析：数字计算题。根据文章最后一段可知，作者建议每星期至少锻炼3次，每次45分钟。故每星期锻炼的时间最少应该是135分钟。
4．We can conclude from the passage that ________．
A．we must take in much sugar for our body’s functioning well
B．the Internet leads to more health problems
C．the least sleep time needed for adults is less than that of teens
D．we need do many things to form a healthy lifestyle
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段第二、三句可知A项不正确；文章第三段只说了网络可以让人们保持好心情，并没有说网络的坏处，故B项文中没有信息支持；根据第四段最后一句可知C项错误；文章从饮食、运动、心情和睡眠等多方面来说怎样养成健康的生活习惯，所以我们需要做很多事情才能养成健康的生活习惯，故D项正确。
B
Thousands of years ago people chewed gum in the natural form.The most common ancient chewing gum was tree resin lumps，but people also chewed various sweet grasses, leaves, grains and waxes.Chewing gum has been used in various forms and flavors.
The first commercial chewing gum was made and sold in 1848 by John Bacon Curtis. He called his chewing gum the State of Maine Pure Spruce Gum. John Bacon Curtis and his brother came up with the practical idea of how to make and sell spruce gum as chewing gum.
On July 27, 1869, Amos Tyler received the first patent in the United States for chewing gum.However, Tyler never sold his gum commercially. An Ohio dentist, William Finley Semple was honored for this work using the first patent to manufacture(大量生产) chewing gum since December 1869.
In 1869, Mexican General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna told his idea of chicle(糖胶树胶) to Thomas Adams. Adams tried to make toys, masks, and rain boots out of chicle, but none of his products were commercially successful. Then he simply added flavor to the chicle! That was the first step in creating the world’s first modern chewing gum! The first mass marketed chewing gum was called Adams New York Chewing Gum. In the 1870s, Adams & Sons sold “Sour Orange” flavored gum as an after-dinner candy. In 1871, Thomas Adams patented a machine for the manufacture of gum. However, all these kinds of gum had one big problem: they could not hold flavor.
The problem with holding flavor was not fixed until 1880, when William White combined sugar and corn syrup with chicle. For better taste he added peppermint extract (薄荷精). He found out that peppermint stayed in the gum during chewing much longer than other flavors.He called his first peppermint flavored gum Yucatan gum.
In 1888, Thomas Adams’ chewing gum, Tutti-Frutti, was the first chewing gum that was sold from a vending machine(自动贩卖机)．
【解题导语】 本文介绍了“口香糖”的发明和发展历史。
5．Who first patented chewing gum in the United States?
A．John Bacon Curtis.
B．Amos Tyler.
C．William Finley Semple.
D．Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna.
B 解析：细节理解题。由第三段中的“On July 27，1869，Amos Tyler received the first patent in the United States for chewing gum.”可知，Amos Tyler最先在美国获得了口香糖专利。
6．Before making chewing gum，Thomas Adams________．
A．knew nothing about chicle
B．had failed in several kinds of business
C．had come up with the idea of using chicle
D．had already made some popular products
B 解析：细节理解题。由第四段中的“Adams tried to make toys, masks, and rain boots out of chicle, but none of his products were commercially successful.”可知，在制作口香糖之前，Thomas Adams制造了几种产品，但都不受市场欢迎。
7．What was William White’s contribution to chewing gum?
A．He added flavor to chewing gum.
B．He made a chewing gum machine.
C．He made chewing gum with chicle.
D．He made chewing gum hold flavor.
D 解析：细节理解题。由倒数第二段可知，William White在口香糖中加了糖、玉米糖浆和薄荷，因此使口香糖的味道可以持久。
8．What is the text mainly about?
A．The history of chewing gum.
B．The benefits of chewing gum.
C．Different kinds of chewing gum.
D．The invention of the chewing gum machine.
A 解析：主旨大意题。综观全文可知，文章介绍口香糖的发明和发展历史。
七选五
When it comes to physical activity, the more you do, the more you can do. 1.________．However, most of us don’t get the necessary amount, and we’re paying for that in countless physiological and psychological ways. Many of us are ageing faster than we should because of poor diets and exercise habits.2.________. But we don’t have to accept it. There are many easy and enjoyable ways for those sitting in the office, and the benefits of doing so are enormous. Here are some ways to make exercise your daily habits.
·Start slow
Overdoing it at the beginning is the major reason why people give up.3.________. If it hurts or makes you dizzy, don’t do it.
·Make it a habit
Establish a routine. Keep exercising three to four days a week for a few months. The practice will become second nature—you may even look forward to it.
·Manage expectations
The objective is not to look in the mirror and see the person you were 20 years ago.4.________. You won’t drop 20 kg in a few weeks at the gym—this is a long－term project.
·5.________
Having a little company can be inspiring and make things a lot more fun. There are groups offering almost everything you can imagine, from cycling to hiking and bird watching.
A．Consider working with a personal trainer
B．Team up with others
C．We’re also getting sick more often and for longer periods
D．We knew we need exercise to remain healthy
E．Over time the benefits of running will reveal themselves
F．You need to imagine the best person you can be right now
G．Pay attention to signals your body is sending you
答案：1－5.DCGFB
短文改错
I am in a local hamburger shop today when a couple of teenagers came in order some hamburgers. They each ordered a small hamburger for themselves. On addition, they each ordered three large hamburgers to be delivered to the fire department, that was having a training night. They asked the delivery person to include a note thanking the member of the fire department. They had written the note in person before come to the shop. They all wanted to thank those brave men for helping our friend when he was in a seriously accident. Though actual I didn’t know these teenagers, but I was proud of them.
答案：
I in a local hamburger shop today when a couple of teenagers came in order some hamburgers. They each ordered a small hamburger for themselves. addition, they each ordered three large hamburgers to be delivered to the fire department, was having a training night. They asked the delivery person to include a note thanking the of the fire department. They had written the note in person before to the shop. They all wanted to thank those brave men for helping friend when he was in a accident. Though I didn’t know these teenagers, I was proud of them.
Section Ⅲ Word power, Task & Project
1．scream vi. 尖叫，高声喊；呼啸
n. 尖叫，尖锐刺耳的声音
2．prejudice n. 偏见，成见
vt. 使怀有(或形成)偏见
3．seek vt.&vi. 试图，设法；寻找，寻求
4．trend n. 趋势，动向
5．decline n. 衰落，衰败；减少；下降
vi.&vt. 衰落；下降；婉言谢绝
6．discrimination n．歧视，区别对待；辨别力，鉴赏力→discriminate vt.区分 vi.辨别→discriminating adj.有辨别能力的；有区别的
7．gradual adj.逐渐的，逐步的；平缓的，不陡的→gradually adv.逐渐地
8．tendency n. 倾向，偏好；趋势，趋向→tendentious adj.有目的的；有倾向的；有偏见的
1．try_out 试验，试用
2．apply_for 申请
3．put_up 张贴；举起；建造
4．feel_like__doing_sth. 想干某事
5．leave_out 删除，去掉
6．look_up 向上看；查找
7．take_part_in 参加
8.split_up 分手，分裂
9．break_up__ 破裂，解散；破碎
10．serve_as___ 担任
11．take_a_brief_look_at 简要地看看
12．make_a_fortune_ 发财，赚钱
Scan the text and choose the best answer.
1．Which is the right order of the music mentioned in the text?
A．jazz→rock and roll→the blues→pop music
B．jazz→the blues→rock and roll→pop music
C．jazz→pop music→the blues→rock and roll
D．the blues→jazz→rock and roll→pop music
2．Who is one of the first rock and roll musicians?
A．Louis Armstrong.
B．Sam Philips.
C．Big Joe Turner.
D．Elvis Presley.
3．Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A．After Big Joe Turner released the first rock and roll song, he became very famous in America.
B．Elvis Presley had sixteen number one songs.
C．The Beatles existed for more than 20 years.
D．Sam Philips made Elvis Presley famous in order to make money.
答案：1－3.DCD
From the blues① to pop
Early jazz
Today I will take a brief look at how Western music progressed② from the blues to pop. Modern pop music has its roots③ in the folk songs of black Americans held in slavery④. During the late part of the 19th century, black musicians used these folk songs to create a kind of music called the blues, because it had a tendency⑤ to be very sad. While the blues was popular⑥， as a musical format⑦ it lacked⑧ variety and was too sad and slow to⑨ dance to⑩. Thus, from the blues, there sprung up? a faster, livelier kind of music called jazz.
Louis Armstrong, a black trumpet? player and singer, was one of the fathers of jazz. Unlike most musicians who played the music as it was written, he would change the music as he was playing it to reflect his feelings at the time. Other musicians began to copy his style and the liberty? he brought to his music?. The ability to adapt the music while it is being played? is one of the major characteristics of jazz.
①blues [blu?z] n. 布鲁斯音乐，蓝调
②progress v. 进展，进步，发展
③root [ru?t] n. 起源，起因；根，根茎
have its roots in 起源于
④slavery ['sleIv?rI] n. 奴隶身份；奴隶制
过去分词短语held in slavery作后置定语，修饰black Americans。
⑤tendency ['tend?nsI] n. 倾向，偏好；趋势，趋向
have a tendency to do sth. 有做某事的趋势
⑥While the blues... 是while引导的让步状语从句。
⑦format['f??m?t] n. 形式；格式；版式
⑧lack v. 缺少，缺乏
⑨too...to... 太……而不能……
⑩dance to 伴着……跳舞(to用作介词)
?spring up 突然兴起，迅速出现
?trumpet ['tr?mpIt ] n. 小号；喇叭
?liberty ['lIb?tI] n. 自由
?he brought to his music 是一个定语从句，修饰liberty，在从句中作宾语的关系代词which/that省略了。
?while 引导时间状语从句，while表示“正当……时候”。
从蓝调音乐到流行乐
早期爵士乐
今天我将简要地回顾一下西方音乐是如何从蓝调音乐发展到流行乐的。现代流行音乐起源于奴隶制时期美国黑人的民歌。在19世纪晚期，黑人音乐家们根据这些民歌创造了一种被称作蓝调音乐(又译布鲁斯)的音乐形式，因为这种音乐有忧伤的趋势。尽管蓝调音乐非常受欢迎，但作为一种音乐形式，它缺少变化，而且太伤感、节奏太慢，不适合跳舞时伴奏。于是，从蓝调音乐中发展出一种节奏更轻快、更活泼的音乐形式，叫做爵士乐。
黑人小号手及歌手路易斯·阿姆斯特朗是爵士乐的创始人之一。与其他大部分按照写好的乐谱演奏的音乐家不同，他会在演奏时即兴改变原来的曲子，以反映他演奏时的心情。其他的乐手开始模仿他的风格以及他赋予音乐的自由。在演奏时可以即兴改编音乐成为爵士乐的主要特征之一。
From R & B to rock and roll?
From the early 1930s to the early 1950s, traditional jazz went into a gradual? decline?， and was replaced by a new musical trend? known as rhythm and blues?， or R & B. R & B was then—and now—often thought of as a form of African－American music. It combined the fast pace of many kinds of jazz with the older blues sound. During the early 1950s, one particular style of R & B became popular—rock and roll. One of the first rock and roll musicians was Big Joe Turner. He was a black American singer who had started out performing jazz in the 1920s, and then turned to R & B in the 1940s. In 1954, he recorded one of the very first rock and roll songs, ‘Shake, Rattle and Roll’．
?rock and roll n. 摇滚乐
?gradual['ɡr?d???l] adj. 逐渐的，逐步的；平缓的，不陡的
?decline [dI'klaIn] n. 衰落，衰败；减少；下降
vi. & vt. 衰落；下降；婉言谢绝
go to a decline 走向衰落
?trend [trend] n．趋势，动向
?rhythm ['rIe?m] n. 节奏，韵律；节律，有规则的变化
rhythm and blues n. (abbr.R& B) 节奏布鲁斯；节奏蓝调
rattle ['r?tl] vi. & vt. (使)发出咔嗒咔嗒的声音；使紧张或恐惧
从节奏蓝调到摇滚乐
从20世纪30年代早期到20世纪50年代早期，传统的爵士乐渐渐没落了，被一种叫做节奏蓝调(节奏布鲁斯摇摆乐)或R & B的新音乐趋势所取代。R & B在当时——以及现在——常常被认为是一种美国黑人音乐的形式。它把多种爵士乐的明快节奏与传统的蓝调音乐融合起来。在20世纪50年代早期，一种特定风格的R & B开始流行——摇滚乐。第一代摇滚乐乐手之一就是胖子乔·特纳。他是一名美国黑人歌手，20世纪20年代开始演奏爵士乐，到20世纪40年代转向表演R & B。1954年，他录制了最原始的摇滚乐曲之一《晃动、吵闹和摇滚》。
This became a hit on the R & B charts, and then was recorded by Bill Haley and the Comets, a white band, and became a hit on the pop charts. Bill Haley and the Comets then recorded ‘Rock Around the Clock’， which became the number one hit of 1955. ‘Rock Around the Clock’ caused rock music to be recognized as its own, separate style, and made it popular around the world.
In the early 1950s, a record company owner from Memphis, Tennessee, Sam Philips, sought to bring rock music to white audiences. Because of the prejudice and racial discrimination of the time, he knew that he had to use white singers or the records might not get played on the radio. In 1954, Elvis Presley made his first record for Philips. Within two years, Presley became the most popular music star in the world, and even today he is known as ‘the King of Rock and Roll’. He had seventeen number one songs and ten number one albums. Only one musical act has sold more records.
become a hit 轰动一时
hit 作名词，可表示“风行一时的事物(如电影、戏剧、歌曲等)”。
comet ['k?mIt] n. 彗星
band [b?nd] n. 乐队；一伙人；带子；条纹
seek [si?k](sought, sought) vt. & vi. 试图，设法；寻找，寻求
seek to do sth.试图做某事
prejudice ['pred??dIs] n. 偏见，成见
vt. 使怀有(或形成)偏见
discrimination [dI?skrImI'neI?n] n. 歧视，区别对待；辨别力，鉴赏力
act n. 表演者，表演组合
这首乐曲成了R & B歌曲排行榜的轰动曲目，后来比尔·哈利和白人乐队“彗星”合唱团重新翻唱了这支乐曲，使它成为流行音乐排行榜上的热门歌曲。比尔·哈利和“彗星”合唱团后来又录制了《昼夜摇滚》，这是1955年冠军单曲。《昼夜摇滚》让摇滚乐作为一种特有的、独立的音乐风格为人们所认可，使它在全世界流行起来。
在20世纪50年代早期，一位来自田纳西州孟菲斯城的唱片公司音乐制作人萨姆·菲利普斯，试图将摇滚乐带到白种人观众面前。由于当时的偏见和种族歧视，他知道他必须启用白人歌手，否则唱片就可能无法在广播中播出。1954年，埃尔维斯·普雷斯利为菲利普斯录制了他的第一张唱片。不到两年，普雷斯利成为世界上最闪耀的流行音乐明星，即使今日，他仍被称为“摇滚乐之王”。他有17首冠军单曲和10张冠军专辑。只有一个音乐组合曾卖出更多唱片。
1960s pop music
With sales of more than 1 billion records, the British pop group known as the Beatles was the supreme rock and roll band of the 1960s. The Beatles brought Western pop music to audiences around the world. Wherever the Beatles went, there was a phenomenon called ‘Beatlemania’—thousands of fans would surround them, screaming and going crazy trying to see them. In 1965, the Beatles held a concert at Shea Stadium in New York that was attended by approximately 55，000 people. It was one of the first concerts held in a sports stadium and perhaps the largest concert held up to that time. In many, many ways, the Beatles were pioneers for what was to come: Nowadays, concerts held in sports stadiums are common, and it seems that every few years there is a new boy band trying to bring back the magic of the Beatles. However, even though the Beatles broke up in 1970, no group since has ever come close to being as popular or selling as many records.
scream [skri?m] vi. 尖叫，高声喊；呼啸
n. 尖叫，尖锐刺耳的声音
go crazy 发疯
现在分词短语 screaming and going crazy trying... 作surround的伴随状语。同时trying to see them又作screaming and going crazy的伴随状语。
that was attended by... 是that引导的定语从句，修饰a concert。
过去分词短语held in a sports stadium作后置定语，修饰concerts。
break up 破裂，解散；破碎
20世纪60年代的流行音乐
拥有超过10亿张的唱片销量，英国流行乐队“披头士”(或译“甲壳虫”)是20世纪60年代首屈一指的摇滚乐队。“披头士”将西方的流行音乐带给了全世界的听众。无论“披头士”乐队去哪里，都会出现被称为“披头士狂”的现象——成千上万的歌迷们围着他们，尖叫着，发疯地要见到他们。1965年，“披头士”乐队在纽约谢伊露天体育场举办了一场音乐会，大约有55 000人参加。这是首批在体育场中举办的音乐会中的一场，可能也是截至当时最大规模的音乐会。在许多方面，“披头士”乐队是引领未来的先锋：如今，在体育馆中举办音乐会已经很平常，而且似乎每过几年就会有一个新的男孩乐队出现，试图重现“披头士”乐队的魅力。不过，尽管“披头士”乐队在1970年就解散了，但是自那时以来就没有哪一个乐队这样受欢迎，或者卖出如此多的唱片。
desire n. 欲望，渴望 vt.渴望；要求
(教材P25)It had always been one of my strongest desires to have a part in Turandot.
成为《图兰朵》剧中的一员一直是我的强烈渴望之一。
desire sb.to do sth. 渴望某人做某事
desire to do sth. 渴望做某事
desire that- 从句(动词使用should＋动词原
形，should可省略) 渴望……
①Our students come from different backgrounds but have the same desire to learn online.
我们的学生来自不同的背景，但是有着共同的网上学习的渴望。
②Everyone desires to_live(live) in a world free of worries and pains.
每个人都向往生活在一个无忧无虑的世界里。
③I desire him to_give(give) me more help.
我渴望他能给我更多的帮助。
④The government desired that everyone (should)_pay(pay) attention to the rule.
政府要求大家遵守这条规定。
[巧学活用]——完成句子
另一方面，作为中学生，我们不应该让这样的新闻分散我们日常学习的注意力。与此同时，我渴望你们在报纸上增加职业规划栏目。
For another, as middle school students, we shouldn’t let such news distract us from our routine study.Meanwhile，I_desire_that_you_(should)_add career planning to the newspaper.
put up 举起；建造；张贴；留宿；提出意见
(教材P25)One day，I saw a poster put up by the production company’s Personnel Department，saying they were looking for singers.
有一天，我看到了这家制作公司的人事部张贴的一张海报，上面说他们正在招聘歌手。
put aside 储蓄；撇开；置之不理；
把……放在一边
put away 储存钱；把……收起
put forward 提出意见/建议；推荐，提名，
推举
put in 打断，插嘴
put off 延期，推迟；推托，推诿
put on 伪装；表演；演出；上演(戏剧)；
穿上，戴上
put out 熄灭，关上；扑灭
put up with 忍受，忍耐；容忍
put through 接通；完成
①I wanted to know if she could put me up for a few days.
我想知道她能否让我住几天。
②You are welcome to put forward your views.
诸位有什么意见，欢迎提出来。
③I don’t know how you put_up_with their constant quarrelling.
我不知道你是如何忍受他们无休止的争吵的。
[巧学活用]——用put的相关短语填空
(1)I can put_up_with the house being untidy, but I hate it if it’s not clean.
(2)Encourage children to put_aside some of their pocket money to buy Christmas presents.
(3)He put_forward a good proposal at the meeting，which made us very happy.
(4)A week before Earth Day, posters were_put_up around our school, calling upon us to join in the actions for a greener earth.
apply for 申请； 请示得到
(经典例句)Helen was occupied with her daily routine, so she had no time to apply for the exam qualification.
海伦忙于日常工作， 所以她没有时间申请考试资格。
(1)apply oneself to (doing).... 致力于， 集中精力做……
apply to 适用于； 涂抹
(2)applicant n. 申请人
application n. 应用； 申请； 申请表
①If you want to apply for membership，you are requested to fill in the application form. 如果你想申请成为队员，你需要填申请表。
②What is most important is that we should apply theory to practice.
最重要的是理论应用于实践。
③Over the next few months, the Italian applied himself to writing(write) a novel.
在接下来的几个月里，这个意大利人专心写小说。
④As the wages were low, there were few applicants(apply) for the job.
因为工资低， 没有什么人申请这份工作。
try out 测试；试验
(教材P25)I applied for the job，and they sent me an invitation to try out for a part in the chorus. 我申请了这份工作，他们邀请我在合唱队中试演一个角色。
try for 努力想要获得
try out for... 参加……的选拔
try one’s best to do 尽力做
try on 试穿
①My sister is trying out for the part of Snow White.
我的妹妹正在参加白雪公主这一角色的选拔。
②Mike can’t help trying_out his new car after buying it.
买到车，迈克就迫不及待地试开了。
③The boy student，who tried_out_for the school host last week，is now trying_out the microphone. 正在试话筒的那个男学生上周参加了校园主持人的选拔。
decline n．& v. 衰落，衰败；下降；减少；婉言谢绝
(教材P30)From the early 1930s to the early 1950s，traditional jazz went into a gradual decline...
从20世纪30年代早期到20世纪50年代早期，传统的爵士乐逐渐没落了……
(1) be in decline 处于下降/衰退中
on the decline 在下坡路上；在衰退(减少)
(2)decline to do sth. 拒绝做某事
decline by/to 下降了/到……
①Thankfully the smoking of cigarettes is on the decline.
令人欣慰的是，吸烟量在逐渐下降。
②I must regretfully decline your kind invitation.
我很抱歉必须拒绝你的盛情邀请。
③Even chimp mothers regularly decline to_share(share) food with their children.
甚至黑猩猩母亲经常拒绝与孩子分享食物。
[巧学活用]——用decline的相关用法填空
(1)(山东卷)In spite of many invitations, he would always decline to_visit(visit) Oxford.
(2)The number of people who run the red light has been on the decline since the new traffic regulations came into effect.
(3)The number of tourists to the resort declined by 10% in 2017 to 50 million.
seek(sought, sought) vt.& vi. 试图，设法；寻找，寻求
(教材P31)In the early 1950s, a record company owner from Memphis, Tennessee, Sam Philips, sought to bring rock music to white audiences. 20世纪50年代早期，一位来自田纳西州孟菲斯城的唱片公司音乐制作人萨姆·菲利普斯，试图将摇滚乐带到白种人观众面前。
(1)seek to do sth. 试图/设法做某事
seek for＝look for＝search for 寻找
seek sb.for advice 寻求某人的建议
seek sth.from sb. 向某人寻求某物
(2)seek one’s advice/help/assistance 征求某人的建议/帮助/协助
①(山东卷)A company whose profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.
一家在国内市场利润下降的公司可能会去国外谋求机会。
②(天津卷)The book inspires confidence in students who wish to_seek (seek) their own answers.
这本书使那些想寻求自己的答案的学生产生自信心。
过去式含-aught或-ought的动词：动词原形中有字母a的， 其过去式和过去分词改为-aught; 不含字母a的则常为-ought。
catch→caught→caught buy→bought→bought
teach→taught→taught fight→fought→fought
bring→brought →brought think→thought→thought
[巧学活用]——单句语法填空
(1)(江苏卷)Scientists have been seeking to_understand(understand) the mystery of the “sixth sense” of direction.
(2)Don’t just wait to be informed.You should try to seek for the information you need.
(3)Whenever I am in trouble, I seek help from my teacher.
break up 破裂，解散；破碎
(教材P31)However，even though the Beatles broke up in 1970...
不过，尽管“披头士”乐队1970年就解散了……
[一词多义]——写出下列句中break up的含义
(1)In spring the ice on the lakes breaks up.破裂
(2)(江苏卷)—I’m surprised to hear that Sue and Paul have broken up.
—So am I. They seemed very happy together when I last saw them.分手
(3)They plan to break the company up into several smaller independent companies.分解
(4)When does the school break up for the summer holidays？放假
break in 打断(谈话)；突然闯入
break into 破门而入；打断；突然……起来
break out 突然爆发；突然发生
break through 突破
break down 瓦解，分解；机器坏了；身体垮了
The meeting broke up at eleven o’clock.
会议在十一点散会。
[巧学活用]——完成句子
(1)(湖北卷)第一次世界大战爆发时，他似乎变成了另一个人，变得非常消沉。
When World WarⅠbroke_out，he seemed to have become another man，downhearted.
(2)(江西卷)早上我们来上班时发现有人在夜间破门闯入了办公室。
We arrived at work in the morning and found that somebody had_broken_into the office during the night.
(教材P27)His motherland was Austria，where he was born on 27 January 1756.
他的祖国是奥地利，在那里他于1756年1月27日出生。
该句型是where引导的非限制性定语从句。where 无论引导限制性定语从句，还是非限制性定语从句，都在句中作状语。where 还可用作连词，引导地点状语从句，“在……的地方或方向”。where 还可用作连接副词，引导名词性从句。
①I went to a special school where I got plenty of extra help.
我去了一个特殊的学校，在那里我得到了很多额外的帮助。
②She went to a musical school，where she studied lute and zither.
她上了一所音乐学校，在那里她学琵琶和古筝。
③Where there is no rain，farming is difficult or impossible.
在不下雨的地方农业种植是困难的或根本不可能的。
④This is where the experiment was done.
这就是做实验的地方。
(教材P30)While the blues was popular，as a musical format it lacked variety and was too sad and slow to dance to. 尽管蓝调音乐非常受欢迎，但作为一种音乐形式，它缺少变化，而且太伤感，节奏太慢，不适合跳舞时伴奏。
while在句中用作连词，意为“尽管”，引导让步状语从句。while作连词时的主要用法：
(1)“当……的时候”，引导时间状语从句；
(2)“但是，可是”，表示对比；
(3)“虽然，尽管”，表示转折。
①Most of my classmates wanted to go to a park while I had an idea of going to a nicer place.
我的大多数同学想去公园，然而我想去更好的地方。
②Would you look after the children while I do the shopping？ 我买东西的时候你能不能照看一下孩子？
③While_traveling_can_broaden_your_mind,_I don’t think it’s a good idea to spend too much time and money on it.
尽管旅游能够增长见识，但是我认为你不应该在这方面花费太多时间和金钱。
(教材P31)Wherever the Beatles went, there was a phenomenon called ‘Beatlemania’—thousands of fans would surround them, screaming and going crazy trying to see them. 无论“披头士”乐队去哪里，都会出现被称为“披头士狂”的现象——成千上万的歌迷们围着他们，尖叫着，发疯地要见到他们。
(1)本句中wherever引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter where，主句是there was a phenomenon called ‘Beatlemania’...。
(2)whatever, whoever, whichever, whenever，wherever, however引导让步状语从句时，分别相当于no matter what/who/which/when/where/how引导的从句，意为“无论……”。
①“疑问词＋－ever”构成的疑问代词(whatever，whoever，whomever，whichever等)可以引导让步状语从句，此时可和“no matter＋疑问词”互换；也可引导名词性从句。
②“no matter＋疑问词”，只引导让步状语从句，不可引导名词性从句。
①Wherever/No matter where you go, never do things against the law.
不论你去哪儿，都不能做违法的事。
②Your support is important to our work. Whatever you can do helps.
你的支持对我们的工作很重要。你能做的任何事情都会有所帮助。
③No_matter_what he does，we still love him.
无论他做什么事，我们仍然爱他。
(教材P31)However, even though the Beatles broke up in 1970, no group since has ever come close to being as popular or selling as many records. 不过，尽管“披头士”乐队在1970年就解散了，但是自那时以来就没有哪一个乐队这样受欢迎，或者卖出如此多的唱片。
句中even though意为“即使，尽管，虽然”。引导让步状语从句时，even though可与even if替换。
(1)even though/if引导的让步状语从句，如果主句为一般将来时，从句中的谓语动词用一般现在时表示将来。
(2)even though/if引导的让步状语从句，如果表示一种与现在事实相反或不大可能实现的假设，则句中用虚拟语气。
①Even though we can’t live forever, we are living a longer life than ever before. 尽管我们不能长生不老，但我们现在活得比以前任何时候都长。
②I won’t attend their wedding even_though/if he invites me. 即使他邀请我，我也不参加他们的婚礼。
③I wouldn’t admit I had told a lie, even_though/if the sun were to rise in the west.
即使太阳从西边出来，我也不会承认我说了谎。
品句填词
An increasing number of young people are facing ____________(失业), which is disturbing to many.
答案：unemployment
Mike loved singing, so he joined the school ____________(合唱团)．
答案：chorus
____________(人事部门) is currently reviewing pay scales.
答案：Personnel
He moved to the sales ____________(部，局)．
答案：department
The teacher’s ____________(偏见) in favour of Tom made other students envy Tom.
答案：prejudice
The Titanic sank on its maiden ____________(航行)．
答案：voyage
The company reported a small ____________(减少) in its profits.
答案：decline
He has expressed a ____________(渴望) to see you.
答案：desire
单句改错
1．This is the house in where I lived two years ago.
____________________
答案：去掉in
2．The right thing would be to apply direct pressure on the wound.____________________
答案：on→to
3．I was paging through a magazine while he came in.
____________________
答案：while→when
4．Where you may be，you should contact with your parents.
____________________
答案：Where→Wherever
5．He will come on time as though it rains.____________________
答案：as→even
完成句子
她虽然是一个可爱的姑娘，但很难与她共事。
____________________________________， she can be extremely difficult to work with.
答案：While she is a likeable girl
不管你遇上什么困难，都不要灰心丧气。
Never lose heart __________________ you may meet with.
答案：whatever
3．我买这本书的那个书店离这里不远。
The bookshop ____________ I bought this book is not far from here.
答案：where
4．即使你不喜欢这工作，你也得做。
________________________ you do not like this job, you must do it.
答案：Even though/if
5．人的记忆力随着年龄增长而衰退。
As one grows older, one’s memory will be ________________________．
答案：on the decline
课文语篇改错
During the late part of the 19th century, black musicians used folk song to create a kind of music called the blues. But the blues lacked variety and was very slow that it was not suitable to dance to. There sprung up a faster kind of music calling jazz. Louis Armstrong, one of the fathers of the jazz, made it more popular in his time.
From the early 1930s to the early 1950s, traditional jazz went into a gradually decline, and was replaced by a new musical trend known as rhythm and blues, that was thought of as a form of African-American music.It combined the fast pace of many kinds of jazz to the older blues sound.During early 1950s，one particular style became popular—rock and roll. One of the first rock and roll musicians were Big Joe Turner. He was a black American singer started out performing jazz in the 1920s.
答案：
During the late part of the 19th century, black musicians used folk to create a kind of music called the blues. But the blues lacked variety and was slow that it was not suitable to dance to. There sprung up a faster kind of music jazz. Louis Armstrong, one of the fathers of jazz, made it more popular in his time.
From the early 1930s to the early 1950s, traditional jazz went into a decline, and was replaced by a new musical trend known as rhythm and blues, was thought of as a form of African-American music.It combined the fast pace of many kinds of jazz the older blues sound.During early 1950s，one particular style became popular—rock and roll. One of the first rock and roll musicians Big Joe Turner. He was a black American singer out performing jazz in the 1920s.
A卷
单句语法填空
1．She is going to live in Macau, ____________ she has some close friends.
答案：where
2．Mr. Wang desired that we ____________(wait) a moment.
答案：(should) wait
3．The U．K.gas industry has been ____________ decline in Scotland for several years.
答案：in
4．Antiques are much sought ____________ nowadays.
答案：after
5．It’s time we put ____________ the Christmas decorations in the living room.
答案：up
6．You’ll pass the exams if you apply ____________(you) to your work.
答案：yourself
7．You won’t make the team if you don’t try ____________．
答案：out
8．They tried to break ____________ the strike by firing many of its leaders.
答案：up
9．____________ I like the color of the hat, I do not like its shape.
答案：While/Although
10．____________(where) they went they were warmly welcomed.
答案：Wherever
阅读理解
A
(2019·贵州高二期末)Nowadays many young people are eager to become famous. However, today’s stars, feeling like zoo animals, face pressures that few of us can imagine. They are at the center of much of the world’s attention. Paparazzi(狗仔队) camp outside their homes, cameras ready. Tabloids(小报) publish thrilling stories about their personal lives. Just imagine not being able to do anything without being photographed or interrupted for a signature.
According to psychologist Christina Villarreal, celebrities—famous people—worry constantly about their public appearance. Eventually, they start to lose track of who they really are, seeing themselves the way their fans imagine them, not as the people they were before everyone knew their names. “Over time，” Villarreal says, “they feel separated and alone.”
The phenomenon of tracking celebrities has been around for ages. In the 4th century B．C., painters followed Alexander the Great into battle, hoping to picture his victories for his admirers. When Charles Dickens visited America in the 19th century, his sold－out readings attracted thousands of fans, leading him to complain about his lack of privacy. Tabloids of the 1920s and 1930s ran articles about film－stars in much the same way that modern tabloids and websites do.
Being a public figure today, however, is a lot more difficult than it used to be. Superstars cannot move about without worrying about photographers with modern cameras. When they say something silly or do something ridiculous, there is always the Internet to spread the news in minutes and keep their “story” alive forever.
If fame is so troublesome, why aren’t all celebrities running away from it? The answer is that there are still ways to deal with it. Some stars stay calm by surrounding themselves with trusted friends and family or by escaping to remote places away from big cities. They focus not on how famous they are but on what they love to do or whatever made them famous in the first place.
Sometimes a few celebrities can get a little justice. Still, even stars who enjoy full justice often complain about how hard their lives are. They are tired of being famous already.
【解题导语】 现代社会，随着媒体的飞速发展，社会名流们想要保护隐私变得更加困难，作者对他们的处境表示同情。
1. It can be learned from the passage that stars today ________．
A．can no longer have their privacy protected
B．are often misunderstood by the public
C．spend too much on their public appearance
D．care little about how they have come into fame
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Paparazzi(狗仔队) camp outside their homes, cameras ready. Tabloids(小报) publish thrilling stories about their personal lives. Just imagine not being able to do anything without being photographed or interrupted for a signature.”可知，现在明星们的隐私不再是秘密，故A项正确。
2．What is the main idea of Paragraph 3?
A．Great heroes of the past were generally admired.
B．The problem faced by celebrities has a long history.
C．Works of popular writers often have a lot of readers.
D．Well－known actors are usually targets of tabloids.
B 解析：段落大意题。通读第三段内容，特别是根据第一句话“The phenomenon of tracking celebrities has been around for ages.”可知，本段主要讲的是名流们面对的问题由来已久，故B项正确。
3．What makes it much harder to be a celebrity today?
A．Huge population of fans.
B．Inadequate social recognition.
C．Lack of favorable chances.
D．Availability of modern media.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Being a public figure today, however, is a lot more difficult than it used to be. Superstars cannot move about without worrying about photographers with modern cameras. ”可知，现代化的摄像技术使名流们的隐私保护变得更加困难，故D项正确。
4．What is author’s attitude toward modern celebrity?
A．Sincere.
B．Sympathetic.
C．Skeptical.
D．Disapproving.
B 解析：观点态度题。根据后两段内容，特别是最后一段中的“Still, even stars who enjoy full justice often complain about how hard their lives are. They are tired of being famous already.”可知，作者对名流的遭遇表示同情，故B项正确。
B
The modern pizza was originally invented in Naples，Italy，but the word pizza is Greek in origin，derived from the Greek word pēktos meaning solid or clotted. The ancient Greeks covered their bread with oils，herbs and cheese. The first major innovation that led to flatbread pizza was the use of tomato as a topping. It was common for the poor of the area around Naples to add tomatoes to their yeast-based flatbread，and so the pizza began.
While it is difficult to say for sure who invented the pizza，it is however believed that modern pizza was first made by baker Raffaele Esposito of Naples. In fact，a popular urban legend holds that the archetypal(原型的) pizza，Pizza Margherita，was invented in 1890，when the Royal Palace of Capodimonte asked the Neapolitan pizzaiolo Raffaele Esposito to create a pizza in honor of the visiting Queen Margherita. Of the three different pizzas he created，the Queen strongly preferred a pie wrapped in the colors of the Italian flag：red(tomato), green(basil)，and white(mozzarella)．Supposedly, this kind of pizza was then named after the Queen as Pizza Margherita.
Later, the dish has become popular in many parts of the world：
·The first pizzeria，Antica Pizzeria Port’Alba，was opened in 1830 in Naples.
·In North America，the first pizzeria was opened in 1905 by Gennaro Lombardi at 53 Spring Street in New York City.
·The first Pizza Hut，the chain of pizza restaurants appeared in the United States in 1958.
·Nowadays, many varieties of pizza exist worldwide，along with several dish variants based upon pizza.
【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了比萨的历史起源。
5．What’s mainly talked about in the text?
A．Ways of making pizza. B．The history of pizza.
C．Varieties of pizza. D．Stories about pizza.
B 解析：主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“The modern pizza was originally invented in Naples，Italy，but the word pizza is Greek in origin”以及文章的整体内容可知，本文主要介绍了比萨的历史起源。
6．Which can replace the underlined word“derived”in Paragraph 1?
A．Separated. B．Adapted.
C．Originated. D．Transformed.
C 解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“but the word pizza...or clotted”可知，此处说的是比萨起源于希腊单词“pēktos”，故画线词意为“发源，开始”，故选C。
7．How was pizza first started?
A．Ancient Greeks covered their bread with oils，herbs and cheese.
B．People in Naples added tomatoes to their bread as a topping.
C．Raffaele Esposito wrapped a pie in the colors of the Italian flag.
D．Queen Margherita awarded her name to pizza in the Royal Palace.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句可知，那不勒斯人先在面包上用西红柿作为配料，由此开创了比萨这种食品，故选B。
8．What can be learned from the text?
A．Pizza remains popular around the world.
B．The first Pizza Hut was opened in Naples.
C．The taste of pizza stays the same over time.
D．Gennaro Lombardi was the first to make pizza.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据文中的“Later, the dish has become popular in many parts of the world”和“Nowadays，many varieties of pizza exist worldwide，along with several dish variants based upon pizza.”可知，比萨现在在全世界依然很受欢迎，故选A。
语法填空
Every year the Dragon Boat Festival attracts teams of rowers from around the world. The origin of Dragon Boat racing dates back to 1.____________ third century B．C. At that time there was a minister 2.____________ (call) Qu Yuan. Although he was much loved by the people, the King dismissed him from his high position.
Unhappy and lonely, he wandered around the countryside, 3.____________ (write) poems about his love of the country and its people.Finally, 4.____________ (able) to put up with life any more, he committed suicide by drowning himself in the Miluo River.
It is said 5.____________ although local fishermen raced out in their boats, they tried 6.____________ vain to save him. So, 7.____________ (prevent) his body from being eaten by fish，they beat the surface of the water with their oars and threw rice in the river.
In China today the 8.____________ (die) of Qu Yuan is still remembered by people. They honor the day by eating zongzi and watching or competing in Dragon Boat races, through 9.____________ the scene of the fishermen racing out to save Qu Yuan 10.____________ (repeat)．
1．the 解析： 考查定冠词。序数词前需用定冠词，故填the。
2．called 解析： 考查过去分词作定语的用法。minister后跟定语，又因call与minister之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故填called。
3．writing 解析： 考查动词-ing形式作状语的用法。句子主语he与write之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，且write所表示的动作与谓语动作同时发生，故填writing。
4．unable 解析： 考查形容词作状语的用法。由语境可知，设空处表示“不能的”，故填unable。
5．that 解析： 考查连接词。It是形式主语，设空处引导的从句是真正的主语，且从句意义和成分均完整，故填that。
6．in 解析： 考查介词。in vain意为“白费力气”。
7．to prevent 解析： 考查不定式作状语的用法。“阻止屈原的尸体被鱼吃掉”是人们“用桨击打水面和往水里抛大米”的目的，故填to prevent。
8．death 解析： 考查名词。设空处作主语，表示“死亡”，故填death。
9．which 解析： 考查关系代词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句补充说明先行词Dragon Boat races，且在从句中作介词through的宾语，故填which。
10．is repeated 解析： 考查一般现在时的被动语态。由语境可知此处用一般现在时，又因主语scene与repeat之间是被动关系，故填is repeated。
B卷
阅读理解
In the dead of winter, we don’t typically think about spending time outdoors, but according to many physicians we should. The sun is our greatest source of a vitamin that is essential for good health—Vitamin D.
This important vitamin strengthens bones and teeth and is linked to the prevention of heart disease, cancer and many other life-threatening diseases.The recommended daily requirement is 400－600 International Units (IU). In summer, people with dark brown eyes and darker skin turn sunlight from just 15 minutes outside without sunscreen into adequate amounts of Vitamin D.
Even during winter, just a 10-minute walk at midday can keep the body’s Vitamin D at healthy levels. During brief winter walks, we receive the greatest benefits when we wear no sunscreen and expose as much skin to the sun as possible.
Vitamin D can be also obtained from foods. Salmon is one of the best sources of the Vitamin. Egg yolks(蛋黄)，cheese, mushrooms and some animal organs contain smaller quantities of it.
To attract consumers, food companies add Vitamin D to some of their milk products. The practice of putting the Vitamin into milk began in the 1930s. At that time, many children were suffering from rickets, an illness that is caused by a deficiency(缺乏) of Vitamin D．It made the children’s bones soft and weak.Adding Vitamin D to milk helped to solve the problem, and it has been available ever since.
For people who still need more Vitamin D, there is another option: Take Vitamin D supplements(补充物)．These products are widely sold in stores.However, anyone considering taking supplements should consult a physician first.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了维生素D的一些情况。
1．During the winter months, people ________．
A．aren’t able to meet their deadlines
B．often don’t dress warmly enough
C．generally like to remain indoors
D．leave lots of work for others to do
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“In the dead of winter，we don’t typically think about spending time outdoors，but according to many physicians we should.”可知，在冬天人们愿意待在室内。
2．According to the text, Vitamin D ________．
A．can be obtained by being exposed to the sun
B．can be used to cure life-threatening diseases
C．can be mainly found in some milk products
D．can make the children’s bones soft and weak
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段第二句以及第三段第一句可知，维生素D可以通过晒太阳获得，故选A。
3．Why is salmon mentioned in this article?
A．It’s seldom prepared in the correct way.
B．It’s a useful addition to a person’s diet.
C．It has a huge impact on the environment.
D．Its advantages have been exaggerated.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段可知，三文鱼是补充维生素D的食物，因此对我们的饮食是有用的补充物，故选B。
4．The main purpose of this article is ________．
A．to introduce a valuable nutrient
B．to advertise Vitamin D supplements
C．to note risks associated with a nutrient
D．to explain how a nutrient was discovered
A 解析：写作意图题。根据全文可知，本文主要介绍一种营养成分——维生素D。
完形填空
Imagine what your life would be like if all of the things that most of us take for granted(理所当然的) were not there. Then imagine that you were a young child living in that environment with no hope and no end of 1 ．
Liz Murray spent her childhood living in such a(n) 2 . Her parents were drug addicts and AIDS patients.
Liz 3 ， from a very young age, that she was not only going to take care of herself but also her parents. Her parents’ income was always spent on drugs.
When Liz was six, her mother died from AIDS. When she was 15, Liz became 4 and spent the next several years living on the street, or sleeping in subways all night in order to stay 5 ．
Living in such an environment made it impossible for Liz to 6 school at all.
7 she got turned down by many high schools, Liz continued to 8 for an education and was finally 9 into the Humanities Preparatory Academy in Manhattan where she was befriended by two 10 teachers.
When it was time for Liz to 11 college, a teacher suggested that she consider Harvard. He told her, “Sure it would be a 12 ， but it’s not impossible.” What happened next was not fiction but 13 . Liz was accepted by Harvard.
Liz stopped her education at Harvard in 2001 to 14 for her father who was sick with AIDS until he died. Liz later 15 to Harvard and graduated in 2009.
She now travels internationally and is a highly sought-after 16 speaker. She is the founder and director of a company that inspires adults to achieve 17 things in their lives, as Liz has.
Her life story was 18 for an original film, Homeless to Harvard: The Liz Murray Story.
She is an inspiration to everyone who is 19 enough to cross paths with her. The next time you doubt your 20 to accomplish something that is very important to you, think again. Think of Liz.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。Liz Murray童年饱尝苦难，一度流落街头，然而她勇敢而博爱，一直照顾着自己患病的父母，经过不懈努力考上了哈佛大学。她的故事被改编成电影《风雨哈佛路》，激励着全世界的人们砥砺前行。
1．A．sickness B．hardness
C．happiness D．loneliness
B 解析：根据第一段中all of the things that most of us take for granted(理所当然的) were not there以及与此空并列的no hope可知，此处为无尽的“苦难(hardness)”。
2．A．background B．emotion
C．environment D．area
C 解析：根据第一段中environment可知，Liz正处在上文所述的恶劣的“环境(environment)”里。
3．A．insisted B．learned
C．required D．suggested
B 解析：根据第二、三段可知，Liz的父母为瘾君子，从小她就“知道(learned)”她不仅要照顾自己还要照顾父母。
4．A．worthless B．hopeless
C．homeless D．independent
C
5．A．warm B．clear
C．alone D．awake
A 解析：根据第四段可知，15岁的时候，Liz“无家可归(homeless)”，常常流落街头，在地下人行道里过夜来“取暖(warm)”。
6．A．graduate from B．know about
C．leave D．attend
D 解析：根据上下文可知，Liz的生活环境如此窘迫，几乎不可能“上(attend)”学。
7．A．Because B．Although
C．Until D．Since
B 解析：根据下文可知，Liz经过努力继续学业。因此，“尽管(Although)”很多学校拒绝接收她，她依然没有放弃。
8．A．struggle B．make
C．stand D．wait
A
9．A．attracted B．invited
C．accepted D．appointed
C 解析：根据第六段可知，Liz经过不断的“努力(struggle)”，最终被一所高中“接受(accepted)”。
10．A．curious B．inspiring
C．satisfying D．serious
B
11．A．access B．apply to
C．appeal to D．visit
B
12．A．reach B．secret
C．difficulty D．puzzle
A 解析：根据第七段可知，老师建议她在“申请(apply to)”大学的时候选择哈佛大学，告诉她虽然这所学校对她来说有些“距离(reach)”，但这不是不可能，由此可知，这里的老师“启发(inspiring)”了她。
13．A．belief B．relief
C．reality D．challenge
C 解析：根据最后她被哈佛大学录取可知，申请学校之后所发生的事不是小说故事，而是“事实(reality)”。
14．A．act B．care
C．look D．allow
B
15．A．returned B．preferred
C．took D．stuck
A 解析：根据上文可知，Liz很有孝心和爱心。在哈佛大学上学期间，她中途休学去“照顾(care for)”患病的父亲，直到他去世后才“返回(returned)”哈佛大学继续学业。
16．A．practical B．motivational
C．political D．technical
B
17．A．effective B．different
C．basic D．uncommon
D 解析：根据倒数第三段可知，Liz毕业后到世界各地去演讲，成为备受人们推崇的“励志(motivational)”演说家，而且创办了公司，旨在激励人们创造“非凡的(uncommon)”成就。
18．A．admitted B．devoted
C．adapted D．used
C
19．A．suitable B．fortunate
C．interesting D．energetic
B
20．A．quality B．safety
C．ability D．identity
C 解析：根据最后两段可知，Liz的故事被“改编(adapted)”成了电影，对每个“有幸(fortunate)”遇见她的人来说都是一种鼓励。下次当你怀疑自己“能力(ability)”的时候，想想Liz的奋斗历程吧。
短文改错
Music, in my opinion, is one of the most beautiful thing in the world.They brings us pleasure and makes us happy. Beside, it can help us improve our working efficiency. I was fond of listening to music, but my favorite English song is Far Away From Home.The lyrics bring me into a world in that I am loved by my mother and can heal my heart when I feel alone. What’s more, the song makes me think of my childhood was spent in my hometown and I can still remember the game played with my young fellows. In word, once enjoying, the song will never be forgotten.
答案：
Music, in my opinion, is one of the most beautiful in the world. brings us pleasure and makes us happy. ， it can help us improve our working efficiency. I fond of listening to music, my favorite English song is Far Away From Home.The lyrics bring me into a world in I am loved by my mother and can heal my heart when I feel . What’s more, the song makes me think of my childhood spent in my hometown and I can still remember the game played with my young fellows. In word, once ， the song will never be forgotten.
课件77张PPT。Section Ⅲ Word power, Task & ProjectUnit 2 The universal language本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
品句填词
An increasing number of young people are facing ____________(失业), which is disturbing to many.
答案：unemployment
Mike loved singing, so he joined the school ____________(合唱团)．
答案：chorus
____________(人事部门) is currently reviewing pay scales.
答案：Personnel
He moved to the sales ____________(部，局)．
答案：department
The teacher’s ____________(偏见) in favour of Tom made other students envy Tom.
答案：prejudice
The Titanic sank on its maiden ____________(航行)．
答案：voyage
The company reported a small ____________(减少) in its profits.
答案：decline
He has expressed a ____________(渴望) to see you.
答案：desire
单句改错
1．This is the house in where I lived two years ago.
____________________
答案：去掉in
2．The right thing would be to apply direct pressure on the wound.____________________
答案：on→to
3．I was paging through a magazine while he came in.
____________________
答案：while→when
4．Where you may be，you should contact with your parents.
____________________
答案：Where→Wherever
5．He will come on time as though it rains.____________________
答案：as→even
完成句子
她虽然是一个可爱的姑娘，但很难与她共事。
____________________________________， she can be extremely difficult to work with.
答案：While she is a likeable girl
不管你遇上什么困难，都不要灰心丧气。
Never lose heart __________________ you may meet with.
答案：whatever
3．我买这本书的那个书店离这里不远。
The bookshop ____________ I bought this book is not far from here.
答案：where
4．即使你不喜欢这工作，你也得做。
________________________ you do not like this job, you must do it.
答案：Even though/if
5．人的记忆力随着年龄增长而衰退。
As one grows older, one’s memory will be ________________________．
答案：on the decline
课文语篇改错
During the late part of the 19th century, black musicians used folk song to create a kind of music called the blues. But the blues lacked variety and was very slow that it was not suitable to dance to. There sprung up a faster kind of music calling jazz. Louis Armstrong, one of the fathers of the jazz, made it more popular in his time.
From the early 1930s to the early 1950s, traditional jazz went into a gradually decline, and was replaced by a new musical trend known as rhythm and blues, that was thought of as a form of African-American music.It combined the fast pace of many kinds of jazz to the older blues sound.During early 1950s，one particular style became popular—rock and roll. One of the first rock and roll musicians were Big Joe Turner. He was a black American singer started out performing jazz in the 1920s.
答案：
During the late part of the 19th century, black musicians used folk to create a kind of music called the blues. But the blues lacked variety and was slow that it was not suitable to dance to. There sprung up a faster kind of music jazz. Louis Armstrong, one of the fathers of jazz, made it more popular in his time.
From the early 1930s to the early 1950s, traditional jazz went into a decline, and was replaced by a new musical trend known as rhythm and blues, was thought of as a form of African-American music.It combined the fast pace of many kinds of jazz the older blues sound.During early 1950s，one particular style became popular—rock and roll. One of the first rock and roll musicians Big Joe Turner. He was a black American singer out performing jazz in the 1920s.
A卷
单句语法填空
1．She is going to live in Macau, ____________ she has some close friends.
答案：where
2．Mr. Wang desired that we ____________(wait) a moment.
答案：(should) wait
3．The U．K.gas industry has been ____________ decline in Scotland for several years.
答案：in
4．Antiques are much sought ____________ nowadays.
答案：after
5．It’s time we put ____________ the Christmas decorations in the living room.
答案：up
6．You’ll pass the exams if you apply ____________(you) to your work.
答案：yourself
7．You won’t make the team if you don’t try ____________．
答案：out
8．They tried to break ____________ the strike by firing many of its leaders.
答案：up
9．____________ I like the color of the hat, I do not like its shape.
答案：While/Although
10．____________(where) they went they were warmly welcomed.
答案：Wherever
阅读理解
A
(2019·贵州高二期末)Nowadays many young people are eager to become famous. However, today’s stars, feeling like zoo animals, face pressures that few of us can imagine. They are at the center of much of the world’s attention. Paparazzi(狗仔队) camp outside their homes, cameras ready. Tabloids(小报) publish thrilling stories about their personal lives. Just imagine not being able to do anything without being photographed or interrupted for a signature.
According to psychologist Christina Villarreal, celebrities—famous people—worry constantly about their public appearance. Eventually, they start to lose track of who they really are, seeing themselves the way their fans imagine them, not as the people they were before everyone knew their names. “Over time，” Villarreal says, “they feel separated and alone.”
The phenomenon of tracking celebrities has been around for ages. In the 4th century B．C., painters followed Alexander the Great into battle, hoping to picture his victories for his admirers. When Charles Dickens visited America in the 19th century, his sold－out readings attracted thousands of fans, leading him to complain about his lack of privacy. Tabloids of the 1920s and 1930s ran articles about film－stars in much the same way that modern tabloids and websites do.
Being a public figure today, however, is a lot more difficult than it used to be. Superstars cannot move about without worrying about photographers with modern cameras. When they say something silly or do something ridiculous, there is always the Internet to spread the news in minutes and keep their “story” alive forever.
If fame is so troublesome, why aren’t all celebrities running away from it? The answer is that there are still ways to deal with it. Some stars stay calm by surrounding themselves with trusted friends and family or by escaping to remote places away from big cities. They focus not on how famous they are but on what they love to do or whatever made them famous in the first place.
Sometimes a few celebrities can get a little justice. Still, even stars who enjoy full justice often complain about how hard their lives are. They are tired of being famous already.
【解题导语】 现代社会，随着媒体的飞速发展，社会名流们想要保护隐私变得更加困难，作者对他们的处境表示同情。
1. It can be learned from the passage that stars today ________．
A．can no longer have their privacy protected
B．are often misunderstood by the public
C．spend too much on their public appearance
D．care little about how they have come into fame
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Paparazzi(狗仔队) camp outside their homes, cameras ready. Tabloids(小报) publish thrilling stories about their personal lives. Just imagine not being able to do anything without being photographed or interrupted for a signature.”可知，现在明星们的隐私不再是秘密，故A项正确。
2．What is the main idea of Paragraph 3?
A．Great heroes of the past were generally admired.
B．The problem faced by celebrities has a long history.
C．Works of popular writers often have a lot of readers.
D．Well－known actors are usually targets of tabloids.
B 解析：段落大意题。通读第三段内容，特别是根据第一句话“The phenomenon of tracking celebrities has been around for ages.”可知，本段主要讲的是名流们面对的问题由来已久，故B项正确。
3．What makes it much harder to be a celebrity today?
A．Huge population of fans.
B．Inadequate social recognition.
C．Lack of favorable chances.
D．Availability of modern media.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Being a public figure today, however, is a lot more difficult than it used to be. Superstars cannot move about without worrying about photographers with modern cameras. ”可知，现代化的摄像技术使名流们的隐私保护变得更加困难，故D项正确。
4．What is author’s attitude toward modern celebrity?
A．Sincere.
B．Sympathetic.
C．Skeptical.
D．Disapproving.
B 解析：观点态度题。根据后两段内容，特别是最后一段中的“Still, even stars who enjoy full justice often complain about how hard their lives are. They are tired of being famous already.”可知，作者对名流的遭遇表示同情，故B项正确。
B
The modern pizza was originally invented in Naples，Italy，but the word pizza is Greek in origin，derived from the Greek word pēktos meaning solid or clotted. The ancient Greeks covered their bread with oils，herbs and cheese. The first major innovation that led to flatbread pizza was the use of tomato as a topping. It was common for the poor of the area around Naples to add tomatoes to their yeast-based flatbread，and so the pizza began.
While it is difficult to say for sure who invented the pizza，it is however believed that modern pizza was first made by baker Raffaele Esposito of Naples. In fact，a popular urban legend holds that the archetypal(原型的) pizza，Pizza Margherita，was invented in 1890，when the Royal Palace of Capodimonte asked the Neapolitan pizzaiolo Raffaele Esposito to create a pizza in honor of the visiting Queen Margherita. Of the three different pizzas he created，the Queen strongly preferred a pie wrapped in the colors of the Italian flag：red(tomato), green(basil)，and white(mozzarella)．Supposedly, this kind of pizza was then named after the Queen as Pizza Margherita.
Later, the dish has become popular in many parts of the world：
·The first pizzeria，Antica Pizzeria Port’Alba，was opened in 1830 in Naples.
·In North America，the first pizzeria was opened in 1905 by Gennaro Lombardi at 53 Spring Street in New York City.
·The first Pizza Hut，the chain of pizza restaurants appeared in the United States in 1958.
·Nowadays, many varieties of pizza exist worldwide，along with several dish variants based upon pizza.
【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了比萨的历史起源。
5．What’s mainly talked about in the text?
A．Ways of making pizza. B．The history of pizza.
C．Varieties of pizza. D．Stories about pizza.
B 解析：主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“The modern pizza was originally invented in Naples，Italy，but the word pizza is Greek in origin”以及文章的整体内容可知，本文主要介绍了比萨的历史起源。
6．Which can replace the underlined word“derived”in Paragraph 1?
A．Separated. B．Adapted.
C．Originated. D．Transformed.
C 解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“but the word pizza...or clotted”可知，此处说的是比萨起源于希腊单词“pēktos”，故画线词意为“发源，开始”，故选C。
7．How was pizza first started?
A．Ancient Greeks covered their bread with oils，herbs and cheese.
B．People in Naples added tomatoes to their bread as a topping.
C．Raffaele Esposito wrapped a pie in the colors of the Italian flag.
D．Queen Margherita awarded her name to pizza in the Royal Palace.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句可知，那不勒斯人先在面包上用西红柿作为配料，由此开创了比萨这种食品，故选B。
8．What can be learned from the text?
A．Pizza remains popular around the world.
B．The first Pizza Hut was opened in Naples.
C．The taste of pizza stays the same over time.
D．Gennaro Lombardi was the first to make pizza.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据文中的“Later, the dish has become popular in many parts of the world”和“Nowadays，many varieties of pizza exist worldwide，along with several dish variants based upon pizza.”可知，比萨现在在全世界依然很受欢迎，故选A。
语法填空
Every year the Dragon Boat Festival attracts teams of rowers from around the world. The origin of Dragon Boat racing dates back to 1.____________ third century B．C. At that time there was a minister 2.____________ (call) Qu Yuan. Although he was much loved by the people, the King dismissed him from his high position.
Unhappy and lonely, he wandered around the countryside, 3.____________ (write) poems about his love of the country and its people.Finally, 4.____________ (able) to put up with life any more, he committed suicide by drowning himself in the Miluo River.
It is said 5.____________ although local fishermen raced out in their boats, they tried 6.____________ vain to save him. So, 7.____________ (prevent) his body from being eaten by fish，they beat the surface of the water with their oars and threw rice in the river.
In China today the 8.____________ (die) of Qu Yuan is still remembered by people. They honor the day by eating zongzi and watching or competing in Dragon Boat races, through 9.____________ the scene of the fishermen racing out to save Qu Yuan 10.____________ (repeat)．
1．the 解析： 考查定冠词。序数词前需用定冠词，故填the。
2．called 解析： 考查过去分词作定语的用法。minister后跟定语，又因call与minister之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故填called。
3．writing 解析： 考查动词-ing形式作状语的用法。句子主语he与write之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，且write所表示的动作与谓语动作同时发生，故填writing。
4．unable 解析： 考查形容词作状语的用法。由语境可知，设空处表示“不能的”，故填unable。
5．that 解析： 考查连接词。It是形式主语，设空处引导的从句是真正的主语，且从句意义和成分均完整，故填that。
6．in 解析： 考查介词。in vain意为“白费力气”。
7．to prevent 解析： 考查不定式作状语的用法。“阻止屈原的尸体被鱼吃掉”是人们“用桨击打水面和往水里抛大米”的目的，故填to prevent。
8．death 解析： 考查名词。设空处作主语，表示“死亡”，故填death。
9．which 解析： 考查关系代词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句补充说明先行词Dragon Boat races，且在从句中作介词through的宾语，故填which。
10．is repeated 解析： 考查一般现在时的被动语态。由语境可知此处用一般现在时，又因主语scene与repeat之间是被动关系，故填is repeated。
B卷
阅读理解
In the dead of winter, we don’t typically think about spending time outdoors, but according to many physicians we should. The sun is our greatest source of a vitamin that is essential for good health—Vitamin D.
This important vitamin strengthens bones and teeth and is linked to the prevention of heart disease, cancer and many other life-threatening diseases.The recommended daily requirement is 400－600 International Units (IU). In summer, people with dark brown eyes and darker skin turn sunlight from just 15 minutes outside without sunscreen into adequate amounts of Vitamin D.
Even during winter, just a 10-minute walk at midday can keep the body’s Vitamin D at healthy levels. During brief winter walks, we receive the greatest benefits when we wear no sunscreen and expose as much skin to the sun as possible.
Vitamin D can be also obtained from foods. Salmon is one of the best sources of the Vitamin. Egg yolks(蛋黄)，cheese, mushrooms and some animal organs contain smaller quantities of it.
To attract consumers, food companies add Vitamin D to some of their milk products. The practice of putting the Vitamin into milk began in the 1930s. At that time, many children were suffering from rickets, an illness that is caused by a deficiency(缺乏) of Vitamin D．It made the children’s bones soft and weak.Adding Vitamin D to milk helped to solve the problem, and it has been available ever since.
For people who still need more Vitamin D, there is another option: Take Vitamin D supplements(补充物)．These products are widely sold in stores.However, anyone considering taking supplements should consult a physician first.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了维生素D的一些情况。
1．During the winter months, people ________．
A．aren’t able to meet their deadlines
B．often don’t dress warmly enough
C．generally like to remain indoors
D．leave lots of work for others to do
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“In the dead of winter，we don’t typically think about spending time outdoors，but according to many physicians we should.”可知，在冬天人们愿意待在室内。
2．According to the text, Vitamin D ________．
A．can be obtained by being exposed to the sun
B．can be used to cure life-threatening diseases
C．can be mainly found in some milk products
D．can make the children’s bones soft and weak
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段第二句以及第三段第一句可知，维生素D可以通过晒太阳获得，故选A。
3．Why is salmon mentioned in this article?
A．It’s seldom prepared in the correct way.
B．It’s a useful addition to a person’s diet.
C．It has a huge impact on the environment.
D．Its advantages have been exaggerated.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段可知，三文鱼是补充维生素D的食物，因此对我们的饮食是有用的补充物，故选B。
4．The main purpose of this article is ________．
A．to introduce a valuable nutrient
B．to advertise Vitamin D supplements
C．to note risks associated with a nutrient
D．to explain how a nutrient was discovered
A 解析：写作意图题。根据全文可知，本文主要介绍一种营养成分——维生素D。
完形填空
Imagine what your life would be like if all of the things that most of us take for granted(理所当然的) were not there. Then imagine that you were a young child living in that environment with no hope and no end of 1 ．
Liz Murray spent her childhood living in such a(n) 2 . Her parents were drug addicts and AIDS patients.
Liz 3 ， from a very young age, that she was not only going to take care of herself but also her parents. Her parents’ income was always spent on drugs.
When Liz was six, her mother died from AIDS. When she was 15, Liz became 4 and spent the next several years living on the street, or sleeping in subways all night in order to stay 5 ．
Living in such an environment made it impossible for Liz to 6 school at all.
7 she got turned down by many high schools, Liz continued to 8 for an education and was finally 9 into the Humanities Preparatory Academy in Manhattan where she was befriended by two 10 teachers.
When it was time for Liz to 11 college, a teacher suggested that she consider Harvard. He told her, “Sure it would be a 12 ， but it’s not impossible.” What happened next was not fiction but 13 . Liz was accepted by Harvard.
Liz stopped her education at Harvard in 2001 to 14 for her father who was sick with AIDS until he died. Liz later 15 to Harvard and graduated in 2009.
She now travels internationally and is a highly sought-after 16 speaker. She is the founder and director of a company that inspires adults to achieve 17 things in their lives, as Liz has.
Her life story was 18 for an original film, Homeless to Harvard: The Liz Murray Story.
She is an inspiration to everyone who is 19 enough to cross paths with her. The next time you doubt your 20 to accomplish something that is very important to you, think again. Think of Liz.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。Liz Murray童年饱尝苦难，一度流落街头，然而她勇敢而博爱，一直照顾着自己患病的父母，经过不懈努力考上了哈佛大学。她的故事被改编成电影《风雨哈佛路》，激励着全世界的人们砥砺前行。
1．A．sickness B．hardness
C．happiness D．loneliness
B 解析：根据第一段中all of the things that most of us take for granted(理所当然的) were not there以及与此空并列的no hope可知，此处为无尽的“苦难(hardness)”。
2．A．background B．emotion
C．environment D．area
C 解析：根据第一段中environment可知，Liz正处在上文所述的恶劣的“环境(environment)”里。
3．A．insisted B．learned
C．required D．suggested
B 解析：根据第二、三段可知，Liz的父母为瘾君子，从小她就“知道(learned)”她不仅要照顾自己还要照顾父母。
4．A．worthless B．hopeless
C．homeless D．independent
C
5．A．warm B．clear
C．alone D．awake
A 解析：根据第四段可知，15岁的时候，Liz“无家可归(homeless)”，常常流落街头，在地下人行道里过夜来“取暖(warm)”。
6．A．graduate from B．know about
C．leave D．attend
D 解析：根据上下文可知，Liz的生活环境如此窘迫，几乎不可能“上(attend)”学。
7．A．Because B．Although
C．Until D．Since
B 解析：根据下文可知，Liz经过努力继续学业。因此，“尽管(Although)”很多学校拒绝接收她，她依然没有放弃。
8．A．struggle B．make
C．stand D．wait
A
9．A．attracted B．invited
C．accepted D．appointed
C 解析：根据第六段可知，Liz经过不断的“努力(struggle)”，最终被一所高中“接受(accepted)”。
10．A．curious B．inspiring
C．satisfying D．serious
B
11．A．access B．apply to
C．appeal to D．visit
B
12．A．reach B．secret
C．difficulty D．puzzle
A 解析：根据第七段可知，老师建议她在“申请(apply to)”大学的时候选择哈佛大学，告诉她虽然这所学校对她来说有些“距离(reach)”，但这不是不可能，由此可知，这里的老师“启发(inspiring)”了她。
13．A．belief B．relief
C．reality D．challenge
C 解析：根据最后她被哈佛大学录取可知，申请学校之后所发生的事不是小说故事，而是“事实(reality)”。
14．A．act B．care
C．look D．allow
B
15．A．returned B．preferred
C．took D．stuck
A 解析：根据上文可知，Liz很有孝心和爱心。在哈佛大学上学期间，她中途休学去“照顾(care for)”患病的父亲，直到他去世后才“返回(returned)”哈佛大学继续学业。
16．A．practical B．motivational
C．political D．technical
B
17．A．effective B．different
C．basic D．uncommon
D 解析：根据倒数第三段可知，Liz毕业后到世界各地去演讲，成为备受人们推崇的“励志(motivational)”演说家，而且创办了公司，旨在激励人们创造“非凡的(uncommon)”成就。
18．A．admitted B．devoted
C．adapted D．used
C
19．A．suitable B．fortunate
C．interesting D．energetic
B
20．A．quality B．safety
C．ability D．identity
C 解析：根据最后两段可知，Liz的故事被“改编(adapted)”成了电影，对每个“有幸(fortunate)”遇见她的人来说都是一种鼓励。下次当你怀疑自己“能力(ability)”的时候，想想Liz的奋斗历程吧。
短文改错
Music, in my opinion, is one of the most beautiful thing in the world.They brings us pleasure and makes us happy. Beside, it can help us improve our working efficiency. I was fond of listening to music, but my favorite English song is Far Away From Home.The lyrics bring me into a world in that I am loved by my mother and can heal my heart when I feel alone. What’s more, the song makes me think of my childhood was spent in my hometown and I can still remember the game played with my young fellows. In word, once enjoying, the song will never be forgotten.
答案：
Music, in my opinion, is one of the most beautiful in the world. brings us pleasure and makes us happy. ， it can help us improve our working efficiency. I fond of listening to music, my favorite English song is Far Away From Home.The lyrics bring me into a world in I am loved by my mother and can heal my heart when I feel . What’s more, the song makes me think of my childhood spent in my hometown and I can still remember the game played with my young fellows. In word, once ， the song will never be forgotten.
Section Ⅳ Grammar & Writing
省略句
一、简单句中的省略
1．在口语中的省略
—How is your mother today?
——你妈妈今天怎么样？
—Much better. ——好多了。
Anything wrong？ 有什么问题吗？
2．在祈使句中的省略
Open the door, please. 请开门。
3．在感叹句中的省略
What a boy！ 多好的男孩子啊！
How they are working！ 他们工作得多起劲啊！
4．某些名词的省略
名词所有格修饰的名词若表示店铺、住宅、教堂或上下文已暗示或明确指出过的事物时经常被省略。
I met him at the doctor’s. 我在医生那里见过他。
5．动词不定式的省略
(1)为避免重复， 常省略上文已提到的动词原形，只保留不定式符号to。这类动词(短语)有：expect, forget, hope, intend, mean, prefer, refuse, try, want, wish, would like, like和love等。
She asked me to dance with her, but I didn’t want to.
她要我和她跳舞， 但是我不想跳。
—Will you go with me？ ——你愿意和我去吗？
—Well, I’d like to. ——嗯， 我愿意。
(2)在have to, need, ought to, be going to, used to等后省略动词。
I really didn’t want to go there with him, but I had to.
我确实不想和他去那儿， 可是我不得不去。
(3)在某些形容词delighted, glad, happy, pleased等后面时省略to后面的动词。
—Will you join in our discussion?
——你愿意加入我们的讨论吗？
—I’ll be glad to.
——我愿意。
(4)若不定式中带有be, have等时， 通常保留它们。
—Are you a teacher？ ——你是一位老师吗？
—No, but I used to be. ——不是，但我过去是。
二、并列句中的省略
1．在并列句中的后面的分句中与前面相同的部分常被省略。
She was poor but honest. 她贫穷但是诚实。
2．有时并列句的省略部分出现在前面的分句中，看完最后一个分句才能掌握全句的完整意义。
Mary can and ought to speak English.
玛丽会也应该说英语。
Bob works, and Peter lives in London.
鲍勃(在伦敦)工作，彼得住在伦敦。
三、复合句中的省略
1．主句的省略
(1)主句的省略多见于句首， 多用于口语中。
Pity you couldn’t come. 可惜你不能来。
(2)在对话中，答句省去整个主句，只用从句。
—Shall I go to play？ ——我可以去玩吗？
—If you like. ——如果你想来的话(就来玩吧)。
2．宾语从句中的省略
在以I’m afraid, I think, I believe, I hope, I guess, I expect, I suppose, I imagine等开头的答句中，后面接so与not, 用于代替名词性从句，以避免重复前面所说的内容。
—Do you believe our team will win?
——你相信我们队会赢吗？
—I guess so./I guess not./I don’t guess so.
——我想会。/我想不会。
—Will we be late？ ——我们会晚吗？
—I’m afraid so/not. ——恐怕是这样/不会。
—Do you think it will rain？ ——你认为会下雨吗？
—I hope so/not. ——我希望如此/不要。
I hope so.的否定式只能用I hope not.不可用I don’t hope so.。
3．状语从句中的省略
(1)在某些状语从句中，如果从句的主语是it, 其后的be动词及其主语可一起省略。这种结构通常为：if(it is)possible, when (it is) necessary等。
Please try to finish your homework by yourself if possible.
如有可能请尽量自己完成你的家庭作业。
We’ll have the old house pulled down when necessary.
当有必要的时候我们将拆除这所旧房子。
(2)在虚拟语气结构中，当谓语含有were, had, should等时，连词if可省略， 但were, had和should需要放在句首。
Were I you, I would do more exercise.
如果我是你，我就做更多的运动。
(3)以as, than引导的比较状语从句可以全部或部分省略。
He got up early as usual. 他像往常那样起得早。
He studies as hard as you. 他学习和你一样努力。
对接高考
____________(have)the governments and scientists not worked together，AIDS-related deaths would not have fallen since their highest in 2005.
如果政府和科学家不共同努力，与艾滋病相关的死亡就不会从2005年的最高点下降。
Had 解析：这是一个省略了从属连词if的虚拟语气句，使用了倒装句式。根据主句的would not have fallen可知，这里是表示过去的虚拟语气，所以用had。
(4)如果状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致，并且从句的谓语部分有be动词，则可以将从句中的主语及be动词一起省略。引导这类状语从句的连词有：when, while, though, if和unless。
Unless invited, I will not go.
除非邀请我去， 否则我不去。
4．定语从句中的省略
在限制性定语从句中可以省略作宾语的关系代词that, which, whom；在the same...as和such...as引导的定语从句中，可以省略与主句相同的部分；先行词是the way, 在后面的定语从句中，可以省略that或in which。
He is one of the men I can trust.
他是我所能信任的人之一。
We will do the same work as they.
我们将做和他们一样的工作。
I don’t like the way you speak to your mother.
我不喜欢你和你妈妈说话的方式。
四、惯用的省略结构及固定短语中某些介词的省略
1．How/What about＋名词/代词/动名词？
What about some more milk？ 再来些牛奶怎么样？
What about him？ 他怎么样？
How about going out for a walk?
出去散散步怎么样？
2．Why not＋省略to的动词不定式？
Why not go at once？ 为什么不马上就走呢？
3．固定短语中介词的省略
have trouble (in) doing sth.做某事有困难
be busy (in) doing sth.忙于做某事
句型转换
He won’t come to Jane’s party unless he is invited.
→He won’t come to Jane’s party ________________________．
答案：unless invited
When they were first introduced to the market，these products enjoyed great success.
→____________________________ to the market，these products enjoyed great success.
答案：When first introduced
I’m looking forward as much to her return as she herself is looking forward to seeing me.
→I’m looking forward as much to her return as she herself ________________________．
答案：to seeing me
Who can you turn to in time of danger，if you do not turn to us?
→Who can you turn to in time of danger, ____________？
答案：if not us
—Did you visit the museum last week?
—No，we could have visited it last week, but we spent too much time shopping.
→—Did you visit the museum last week?
—No, __________________________，but we spent too much time shopping.
答案：we could have
She hurriedly left the room as if she was angry.
→She hurriedly left the room ______________________．
答案：as if angry
If it is possible，I will help you with your work.
→______________，I will help you with your work.
答案：If possible
There will be only a few knowing it，if there are any knowing it.
→There will be only a few knowing it, ____________．
答案：if any
语法与写作
我要去老师办公室。
I’m going to ________________________．
答案：the teacher’s
——你愿意来参加聚会吗？
——愿意。
—Would you like to come to the party?
—(Yes, ) I’d ____________．
答案：like to
3.——她还没有完成家庭作业。
——噢，她本来应该完成的。
—She hasn’t finished her homework.
—Well, she ________________．
答案：ought to have
她不能来，但是我想知道为什么。
She can’t come, but I wonder ____________．
答案：why
横穿大街的时候要小心汽车。
Look out for cars ____________________ the street.
答案：when crossing
我比他更爱你。
I love you better than ____________．
答案：he
你和我一样恨他。
You hate him ____________________．
答案：as much as I
除了在那儿坐着他们什么事情也没干。
They did nothing ____________ there.
答案：but sit
我们所能做的就是等待。
All we can do now is ____________．
答案：(to) wait
如果有必要，我会借给你一个。
I’ll lend you one __________________．
答案：if necessary
如何介绍人物
文体感知
1．人物介绍包括他人介绍和自我介绍。本单元的写作项目是介绍人物生平事迹，要用第三人称来写。
2．介绍人物生平的文章时态一般使用过去的时态，如：He worked in the factory for only eight months.(他在那个工厂仅仅工作了八个月。)
She got a doctor degree three years ago in America.
(三年前她在美国取得了博士学位。)
3．(1)介绍人物生平事迹的文章要注意句式丰富多变，整合与把握不同类型的句子，尽量避免简单罗列句子。我们可以在简单句的基础上进行整合扩充。如：She is a shy girl.(她是一位害羞的女孩。)Her name is Mary.(她的名字叫玛丽。)She studies in No.3 Middle School.(她在第三中学学习。)这三个句子都是简单句，如果在文章中只是简单地罗列出来， 会给人啰嗦拖沓的感觉，我们可以对句子进行整合， 如：She is a shy girl named Mary, studying in No.3 Middle School.(她是一位害羞的女孩， 名叫玛丽， 在第三中学学习。)
(2)有时为了句式连贯合理，我们也可以把一些简单句通过加连接词的方式进行合并整合，如：She worked very hard in the factory.She could become one of the major leaders.→She worked so hard in the factory that she could become one of the major leaders.(她在这家工厂里工作如此努力， 以至于她能成为主要领导之一。)
(3)为了句式丰富多变，不给人枯燥乏味的感觉， 我们可以多使用一些含有各种从句的复合句。如He wrote some science fiction novels in his thirties, which made him famous in the world.(在三十几岁时，他写了几本科幻小说，这让他闻名全世界。)
(4)另外，英文人物介绍一般要求能用简洁明了的英语把介绍的情况按逻辑顺序一一讲明即可，最常采用的是按时间顺序和空间顺序， 有时也会采用倒叙或者插叙的方法进行。
写作要求
请根据下面的提示，写一篇介绍美国著名游泳运动员迈克尔·菲尔普斯的英语短文。
姓名：Michael Phelps
出生地：Maryland, the U．S．A．
出生年份：1985
简历：5岁开始游泳， 从小就热爱游泳；15岁入选为美国奥运游泳队最年轻的选手；2001年， 打破200米蝶泳世界纪录；2008年北京奥运会，勇夺8金， 6次破世界纪录， 被载入史册。2012年8月6日宣布退役，后又复出。截至2016年里约奥运会，菲尔普斯共获得23块奥运金牌。
成绩：多次打破世界纪录， 成为当今泳坛最出色的全能型游泳选手之一。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：蝶泳butterfly stroke
审题谋篇
项目
结论
体裁
记叙文
话题
介绍人物
时态
以一般过去时为主
人称
第三人称
词句推敲
1．词汇
①打破世界纪录________________
②金牌________________
③被认为是________________
答案：①break the world record ②gold medal ③be considered (to be)
2．句式
①Michael Phelps于1985年出生于Maryland, the U．S.A．, 5岁开始游泳，从小就热爱游泳。
一般表达：Michael Phelps was born in Maryland, the U．S.A．in 1985 and he began swimming at the age of five and he likes swimming very much.(用非谓语动词改写句子)
高级表达：______________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
②2008年北京奥运会，他勇夺8金，6次破世界纪录，被载入史册。
一般表达：In the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, he broke six world records and won eight gold medals.Both of them have gone down in history.(用定语从句合并句子)
高级表达：______________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
答案：①Born in Maryland, the U．S.A．in 1985, Michael Phelps has had a strong passion for swimming since he took it up at the age of five.
②In the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, he broke six world records and won eight gold medals, both of which have gone down in history.
妙笔成篇
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Born in Maryland, the U．S.A．in 1985, Michael Phelps has had a strong passion for swimming since he took it up at the age of five.When he was 15, he became the youngest American Olympic swimmer of all time.In 2001, he broke the world record in the 200-meter butterfly stroke.In the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, he broke six world records and won eight gold medals, both of which have gone down in history.On August 6, 2012, he announced his retirement from swimming, later he came back. During the 32th Olympics, he won 23 gold medals. He has broken many world records and is considered one of the most outstanding all-round swimmers in the world swimming circles.
A卷
单句语法填空
1．When ____________(cross) the road，you’d better look at both sides.
答案：crossing
2．The little girl began to cry when ____________(ask) by the police.
答案：asked
3．____________(have) I had time，I would have gone shopping with you.
答案：Had
4．____________(be) she here, she would agree with us.
答案：Were
5．Bob has done his homework，but Tom ____________(not have)．
答案：hasn’t
6．That’s why I help brighten people’s days. If you ____________(not do), who’s to say that another person will?
答案：don’t
7．—I will be away on a business trip.Could you mind looking after my cat?
—Not at all.I would be happy ____________．
答案：to
8．Once ____________(catch) stealing in a supermarket, you will be punished.
答案：caught
9．—You look happy today, Mary.
—I like my new dress and Mother ____________(do), too.
答案：does
10．—How are you getting on with your work?
—Oh, I’m sorry. Things aren’t going so well as ____________(plan)．
答案：planned
阅读理解
The hit movie NottingHill(《诺丁山》) begins with a famous scene. Hugh Grant bumps into Julia Roberts and spills orange juice all over her. After the collision, Grant repeatedly says，“I’m so sorry. I’m so sorry.”
His actions in this scene are very British. If Roberts were from Britain, then she would probably apologize repeatedly as well—even if the crash were not her fault. But this doesn’t happen in the movie, as Roberts is from the U．S．
A report in The Telegraph once said that three quarters of British people apologize when they bump into someone in the street—regardless of whether they are responsible or not. In fact, Britons use “sorry” in many situations. For example, if they mishear someone, they say“Sorry？” The person they are talking to will also apologize by replying，“No, I am sorry！” This can go on for up to five minutes as they compete for who is the most sorry.
Why are Britons so sorry? Mark Tyrrell, a psychology writer in the U．K., thinks that their apologetic tendencies are rooted in the British class system.“We say sorry because historically the new middle class in Britain had to apologize for not being the working class, but also for not really being the upper class.”Another theory is that they apologize to avoid conflicts. For example, if they bump into someone, he might get angry. To avoid this, they instantly say“Sorry！”
True manners are about being considerate, and today’s constant use of apologizing shows that we are perhaps not as thoughtful as we once were. The word “sorry” has lost some of its meaning. Do you see my point? Sorry, it might just be a British thing.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了英国人的道歉文化及其原因：一是因为历史上英国的新中产阶级；二是为了避免冲突。
1．Why does the author mention a scene in the movie NottingHill at the beginning?
A．To give an example of British modesty.
B．To introduce different ways of saying sorry.
C．To show what kind of men are considered gentlemen in the U．K．
D．To draw our attention to when and how British people say sorry.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段的描述可知，文章开头用电影举例，描述了英国人道歉的场景，引出文章的主题——英国的道歉文化。
2．Which of the following statements might Mark Tyrrell agree with?
A．People should not apologize if they are not responsible.
B．Americans care less about manners than British people do.
C．That British people apologize so much is linked to the class system.
D．British people care too much about which social class they are from.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Mark Tyrrell...thinks that their apologetic tendencies are rooted in the British class system.”可知，Mark Tyrrell认为英国人的道歉根源是其阶级制度。由此可推断，C项正确。
3．What can be inferred from the passage?
A．It’s unnecessary for British people to be so polite.
B．The overuse of apologizing shows Britons are truly sincere.
C．People should not stick to the traditional use of the word “sorry”．
D．Using “sorry” more doesn’t necessarily mean people are more polite.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段的内容以及最后一段中的“today’s constant use of apologizing shows that we are perhaps not as thoughtful as we once were”可知，英国人道歉或是与他们的阶级制度有关，或是为了避免冲突，今天的多次道歉也并不意味着人们更有礼貌。
4．What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage?
A．To explore the best way of saying sorry.
B．To explain why Britons overuse the word “sorry”．
C．To show how saying sorry has changed over time.
D．To suggest many British people lack traditional manners.
B 解析：写作意图题。根据全文内容可知，本文由电影场景引入主题，介绍了英国的道歉文化，并介绍了英国人道歉的原因及今天道歉的意义，主要目的是介绍英国人过量使用“sorry”这个词的原因。
完形填空
“Paul must have been trying to carry his waste paper to the garbage can and dropped a few pieces.”I 1 ， picking them up. 2 later I found more pieces.No quiet sighing this time.I 3 ， “Who is throwing garbage？” No answer.Instead, I saw more bits of paper silently floating 4 from upstairs.Looking up, I saw my seven-year-old son, Paul.“Stop making a mess.”“It’s not a mess.They’re 5 ．”“Sorry, what did you say？” I hadn’t heard him clearly.
He didn’t answer me.Paul has autism(自闭症) and 6 answers a question, especially when he’s 7 attentively on something else.He ran down the stairs.“Where are my other butterflies？” he asked, 8 around.Every time Paul 9 five or more words together, my heart says a 10 of thanks.But lately he seems to 11 that the benefits of forming complete sentences when communicating are 12 of the effort.
Butterflies.Of course.I rushed to 13 them from the garbage, 14 them off and handed them to my young artist.“Want to see them 15 again？” he asked with a shy smile.“Oh yes! They’re beautiful.”I whispered.He ran back upstairs to float his 16 down again.They really did look like beautiful butterflies.
That day Paul 17 me to look up at 18 instead of down at garbage.How many other masterpieces do I miss because I’m too caught up in my 19 to take time to appreciate what’s right in front of me? Life is not what happens to us.It’s 20 we look at it.Now, I look up.
1．A．laughed B．sighed
C．amazed D．shouted
B 解析：laugh “笑”； sigh “叹了口气”； amaze “使惊奇”； shout “大喊”。根据后文的 “No quiet sighing this time.”可知， 此处指作者 “叹气”。句意：我叹口气， 把掉在地上的几张废纸捡起来。故选B项。
2．A．Days B．Years
C．Moments D．Weeks
C 解析：days “数日”； years “数年”； moments “片刻”； weeks “数周”。根据语境可知一开始只是几张， 作者边走边拾， 同时发现更多的废纸。所以时间应该很短。故选C项。
3．A．called out B．turned up
C．got in D．added to
A 解析：call out “大声叫喊”； turn up “出现”； get in “进入”； add to “添加到”。前面说不再静静地叹息， 所以这里应该是大声喊：是谁在扔垃圾？故选A项。
4．A．up B．down
C．away D．off
B 解析：up “向上”； down “向下”； away “离开”； off “切断， 走开”。根据后面 “from upstairs” 可知， 纸是从楼上飘下来的。下文有 “He ran back upstairs to float his ______ down again.”的提示。故选B项。
5．A．planes B．papers
C．leaves D．butterflies
D 解析：plane “飞机”； paper “纸”； leaf “树叶”； butterfly “蝴蝶”。根据下文的 “Where are my other butterflies？” 可知， 作者七岁的儿子认为是蝴蝶。故选D项。
6．A．rarely B．frequently
C．willingly D．eagerly
A 解析：rarely “很少地”； frequently “经常地”； willingly “愿意”； eagerly “渴望地”。根据上文可知作者的儿子有自闭症， 没有回答作者的问题， 所以他很少回答问题。故选A项。
7．A．devoted B．depended
C．focused D．addicted
C 解析：devote “献身于”， 跟to搭配； depend “依靠”， 与on连用； focus “专注”， 与on连用； addict “上瘾”， 与to连用。句意：尤其当Paul专注于别的事情时， 他就很少回答问题。故选C项。
8．A．showing B．looking
C．playing D．drawing
B 解析：show...around “领……四处参观”； look around “环顾四周”； play around “玩耍， 鬼混”； draw around “围在四周”。他一边问一边四处看。故选B项。
9．A．spells B．puts
C．pushes D．accumulates
B 解析：spell “拼写”； put “放”； push “推”； accumulate “积累”。每当患有自闭症的儿子Paul把5个以上的词放在一起时，“我”很激动。故选B项。
10．A．sound B．remark
C．report D．prayer
D 解析：sound “声音”； remark “注意， 评论”； report “报告”； prayer “祈祷”。孩子能说更多的话， “我” 就会发出感谢的祈祷。故选D项。
11．A．refuse B．hear
C．mind D．realize
D 解析：refuse “拒绝”； hear “听到”； mind “在意”； realize “认识到”。最近他似乎认识到交流时说完整的句子的好处， 所以问出了他的问题：Where are my other butterflies？故选D项。
12．A．worthy B．aware
C．fond D．typical
A 解析：worthy “值得”； aware “知道”； fond “喜欢”； typical “典型的”。句意：意识到交流时说完整的话有益处， 值得努力。故选A项。
13．A．hide B．destroy
C．rescue D．remove
C 解析：hide “躲藏”； destroy “毁坏”； rescue “拯救”； remove “移动”。 “我” 跑过去把它们从垃圾堆里救出来。故选C项。
14．A．tore B．dusted
C．cut D．seized
B 解析：tear “撕开”； dust “除去灰尘”； cut “切”； seize “抓住”。垃圾里应该很脏， 所以应该是去掉灰尘。故选B项。
15．A．throw B．flow
C．land D．fly
D 解析：throw “扔”； flow “流动”； land “着陆”； fly “飞”。从后面可知这里Paul 在问：还想看它们飞吗？故选D项。
16．A．masterpieces B．schoolwork
C．inventions D．imagination
A 解析：masterpiece “杰作”； schoolwork “功课”； invention “发明”；imagination “想象”。既然说很漂亮， 所以应该是跑回去再让它们从楼上飘下来。这里妈妈认为是儿子的杰作。故选A项。
17．A．reminded B．forced
C．intended D．permitted
A 解析：remind “提醒”； force “强迫”； intend “打算”； permit “准许”。根据孩子的提醒 “我” 看到， 飘着的纸的确看起来像美丽的蝴蝶。那一天， Paul提醒了 “我” 抬头看美的东西而不是低头看垃圾。故选A项。
18．A．mistakes B．weaknesses
C．beauty D．scenery
C 解析：mistake “错误”； weakness “弱点”； beauty “美”； scenery “风景”。“我”抬起头看到了美。后面的 “instead of down at garbage” 和前面对比， 故选C项。
19．A．amusement B．housework
C．communication D．homework
B 解析：amusement “娱乐”； housework “家务”； communication “交流”； homework “作业”。 “我” 太忙于家务活而没有时间去欣赏眼前的东西。根据前面的叙述说 “我” 拾起地上的废纸可知， “我” 总是做家务活让家干净而没有考虑其他。故选B项。
20．A．when B．whether
C．where D．how
D 解析：when “当……的时候”； whether “是否”； where “哪里”； how “如何”。生活不是我们发生了什么， 而是我们如何看待它。故选D项。
B卷
阅读理解
A
Pollution’s serious effects on the environment have become more obvious in recent years. Most scientists agree that efforts are necessary to protect our environment from further harm.
As we know，the construction industry consumes a large quantity of energy and resources and creates a huge amount of pollution. So green buildings are in great need.
The environmental benefits of green buildings include the protection of ecosystems and biodiversity(生物多样性)，improved air and water quality，less waste flowing into streams and the protection of natural resources. Green buildings can also result in lower operating costs because they typically use less energy and fewer materials and improve indoor air quality，improving the health of people who live there.
The process of building green houses includes technical and artistic planning with nature protection in mind. Building designs often reflect the surrounding environment and natural resources and use renewable building materials such as bamboo and straw. In addition，recycled resources found locally are used for green buildings，reducing the cost and air pollution associated with transporting materials long distances.
Careful site selection is important to minimize(使减少到最低限度) human effects on the surrounding environment. For example，placing a structure in an area that allows it to take advantage of cool breezes(微风) and sunlight can reduce energy use and expenses. More energy and expenses are needed for larger buildings as well，so it is important to build the small ones.
Green roofs are another feature of green houses that reduce energy use and costs. These roofs are partially or completely covered with plants，which helps to keep heating and cooling costs low，prevent water running off and deal with pollutants.
Other features of green buildings often include energy and water protection，recycling and waste reduction. In addition，renewable energy sources such as solar power，waterpower and wind power are used for heat and electricity，which greatly reduces costs and decreases the influence on the environment.
【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了绿色建筑的优势和特色。
1．What can we know about green buildings?
A．Producing no waste.
B．Only using clean energy.
C．Being made of new materials.
D．Being environment friendly.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据对全文的整体理解特别是第三段的内容可推知，绿色建筑整体上是环保的，故选D。
2．What is a green building probably like according to the fifth paragraph?
A．Large. B．Small.
C．Green. D．Low.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句“More energy and expenses are needed for larger buildings as well，so it is important to build the small ones.”可推知，绿色建筑应该倾向于小型建筑，而非高楼大厦，故选B。
3．What is the purpose of using green roofs?
A．To fit the environment.
B．To keep warm.
C．To collect nature water.
D．To reduce costs.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Green roofs are another feature of green houses that reduce energy use and costs.”可知，绿色屋顶可以降低能源使用和成本，故选D。
4．What is the text mainly about?
A．Promoting energy efficiency.
B．Environmental benefits.
C．Green buildings.
D．Ecosystems and biodiversity.
C 解析：主旨大意题。根据文章的关键词“green buildings”和对全文的整体理解可推知，本文主要讲的是绿色建筑，故选C。
B
I’ve never been the kind of person to say, “It’s the thought that counts” when it comes to gifts. That was until a couple of weeks ago, when my kids gave me a present that blew_me_away．
For years now, I’ve been wanting to sell our home, the place where my husband and I raised our kids. But to me, this house is much more than just a building.
In the front room, there’s a wall that has hundreds of pencil lines, marking the progress of my children’s growth.
Every growth stage is marked in grey, with each child’s name and the date when they were measured. Of all the objects and all the memories, it’s this one thing in a home that’s the hardest to leave behind. Friends I know have returned home after work only to discover their wall of heights has been freshly painted over. A new paint job wouldn’t normally be greeted by tears, but erasing that evidence of motherhood hurts more than it should. Our kids grow in so many ways, but the wall is physical evidence of their progress, right there for everyone to see.
Over the years, I’ve talked about how much I would hate leaving that wall behind when I moved, even though the last marks were made 10 years ago when my kids stopped growing.
So one day, while I was at work, my children decided to do something about it.
They hired Jacquie Manning, a professional photographer whose work is about capturing(捕捉) the beautiful things in life, from clear lakes and skies to diamonds and ballgowns(晚礼服)．
She came to our house while I was at work, and over several hours, took photos of the hundreds of drawings and lines, little grey fingerprints(指纹), and old marks. Somehow, she managed to photograph all those years of memories perfectly. Afterwards, she put all the photos together into one image, transforming them into a beautiful history of my family.
Three weeks later, my children’s wonderful gift made its way to me—a life-size photo of the pencil lines and fingerprints that represents entire lifetimes of love and growth.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了孩子们送给“我”的一件充满爱意且特别的礼物的事情。
5．The underlined phrase “blew me away” in Paragraph 1 probably means “________”．
A．attracted me B．surprised me
C．accepted me D．refused me
B 解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“I’ve never been the kind of person to say，‘It’s the thought that counts’...when my kids gave me a present”及下文的描述可知，“我”以前不相信送礼物的人的心思最重要，但几个星期前“我”的孩子们送给“我”的礼物让“我”改变了这样的想法，所以此处表示使“我”吃惊。
6．What does the house really mean to the author?
A．A house. B．A building.
C．Objects. D．Memories.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Of all the objects and all the memories，it’s this one thing in a home that’s the hardest to leave behind.”可知，对作者来说这栋房子意味着回忆。
7．What surprised the friends the author know after work?
A．Finding the wall repainted.
B．Erasing the fingerprints.
C．Greeting them by tears.
D．Leaving the wall unfinished.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Friends I know have returned home after work only to discover their wall of heights has been freshly painted over.”可知，令朋友们吃惊的是房屋的墙面又被重新粉刷了。
8．What is the best title for the text?
A．Gift Made with Love
B．Buildings Made by Children
C．A Very Wonderful Painting
D．A Family History
A 解析：标题归纳题。根据全文内容，尤其是最后一段“Three weeks later，my children’s wonderful gift made its way to me—a life-size photo of the pencil lines and fingerprints that represents entire lifetimes of love and growth.”可知，这篇文章主要讲述了孩子们送给“我”的一份用爱制成的礼物，故A项作本文标题最佳。
C
Nov.21 is World Hello Day.It began back in the 1970s as part of an effort to make the world more peaceful.It was created just after the war between Israel and Egypt in 1973.The philosophy(哲学) behind it is：Say “Hello” and stop war.
It sounds like a fine idea，but most of us know that simply saying “Hello” won’t bring about world peace.Still，on a smaller range，the simple act of saying “Hello” to someone can make a lot of difference.
This might not be obvious.After all，it’s such a casual thing and requires so little effort.You raise your head to someone as you pass by them in the school corridor(走廊)，say “Hello”， and then it’s over.
Although we might not realize it，a small thing like a greeting can mean a lot to a person.Many people are lonely because they’re shy.They find it difficult to communicate with people，even though they want to.It leads to them feeling cut off.
On this basis，maybe it’s a good idea，not just on Nov.21，but every day，to remember to say “Hello” to as many people as we can.The stranger who hears your greeting may secretly smile in their heart.You might even make their day.
Greeting other people is the easiest way to be polite.Politeness is the way we individual humans link up with the rest of the human world outside of our circles of family and friends.Politeness is one of the aspects of culture that make us a society rather than just many individuals living in the same space.
No one said it better than the French author Joseph Joubert：“Politeness is the flower of humanity.” A “Hello” to a stranger is a small thing，and often neglected(忽视)，but through it we can make the world better for another person.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了世界问候日的由来及意义的相关信息。
9．What is World Hello Day intended for?
A．Philosophy. B．Peace.
C．Politeness. D．War.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Nov. 21 is World Hello Day. It began back in the 1970s as part of an effort to make the world more peaceful.”可知，世界问候日设立的初衷是为了和平。
10．What has an effect on people most?
A．Raising heads to others.
B．Doing something casually.
C．Meeting in the school corridor.
D．The simple act of saying “Hello”．
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Still，on a smaller range，the simple act of saying ‘Hello’ to someone can make a lot of difference.”可知，对别人影响最大的是打招呼这种简单的行为。
11．Why do some people feel lonely?
A．They are unwilling to communicate with others.
B．They are too shy to communicate with others.
C．They are very fond of living alone.
D．They don’t like doing things as others do.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Many people are lonely because they’re shy...cut off.”可知，一些人感到孤独的原因是他们太害羞了，不敢和别人交流。
12．What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A．We should neglect a small thing.
B．Saying “Hello” to others is powerful.
C．The flowers make the world better.
D．No one is better than Joseph Joubert.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“A ‘Hello’ to a stranger is a small thing，and often neglected(忽视)，but through it we can make the world better for another person.”可知，向别人打招呼是有影响力的。
语法填空
At fifteen years old, I was a confident girl.One day，when I was trying to get the bottled(瓶装的) gas to work, 1.____________ fire exploded in my face. I suffered the consequences of my 2.____________(careless). It was my neighbors who came to rescue, 3.____________(help) to put off the fire and arranged emergency medical attention. 4.____________ I survived the fire, the damage for me was long-lasting. Within a month, I went from a beautiful girl with perfect skin 5.____________ an ugly lady.
After several months of persuasion(劝导), I agreed to go back to school. But I found it difficult 6.____________ (raise) my head and look people in the face. Then I realized that I first had to learn to accept myself if I wanted to 7.____________(accept) by others. As time went on, I gained strength and confidence, and began to 8.____________ (gradual) lift my head up and look people in the face again.
Instead of 9.____________(hide) from the world, I forced the world to pay attention to and take notice of the person behind the scars. As a saying goes，“Nobody can put you down without your permission.” Now, more than three decades later, I am a confident adult. Who would have thought that such a 10.____________(pain) experience helped me to grow up?
【解题导语】 当面对挫折与磨难时，我们应该拿出勇气去面对它们。
1．a 解析：考查冠词。fire 在这里指火灾，为可数名词，而且是首次提到，故用不定冠词a修饰。
2．carelessness 解析：考查名词。作者的粗心引起了大火，让她尝到了苦头。carelessness意为“粗心”。
3．helped 解析：考查动词的时态。and 连接三个并列的动词，时态应该保持一致。根据空前的came to rescue 和空后的 arranged emergency medical attention可知此空的动词需用一般过去式。
4．Although 解析：考查连词。尽管作者活了下来，但是大火对她的伤害是永久的，这里用although引导让步状语从句。
5．to 解析：考查介词。from...to...意为“从……到……”。
6．to raise 解析：考查非谓语动词。find＋it＋adj.＋to do sth.意为“发现做某事是……的”，it是形式宾语，后面的不定式to raise my head and look people in the face才是真正的宾语。
7．be accepted 解析：考查动词的语态。作者意识到想要被别人接受首先要做到自我接受，所以此空需用被动语态。
8．gradually 解析：考查副词。gradually在这里意为“逐渐地”，修饰后面的动作lift my head up and look people in the face。
9．hiding 解析：考查非谓语动词。 instead of意为“代替；不是……而是……”，of为介词，后跟v.-ing形式。
10．painful 解析：考查形容词。 painful意为“痛苦的”，修饰后面的名词experience。
书面表达
王东教授应邀来你校做报告，请你根据下面这份表格用英语写一篇介绍他的短文，以便在报告之前向同学们做简要介绍。(100词左右)
人物
简介
姓名：王东
性别：男
出生年月：1941年2月
出生地点：南京
主要
经历
1964年毕业于清华大学并赴英国留学
1967年在英国剑桥大学获得博士学位
1969年回国后在中国科技大学物理系工作至今
平时
表现
为人谦和，生活俭朴，谈吐风趣幽默，对工作严格要求，献身于物理学研究，多项研究成果得到党和政府的高度评价
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One possible version：
Professor Wang Dong was born in Nanjing in February, 1941. He graduated from Tsinghua University in 1964 and then he went to England to go on with his education. He received his doctor’s degree in Cambridge University in 1967. Since he returned home in 1969, he has been working in the Physics Department of Chinese Science and Technology University. He, who is kind and modest, always brings laughters to others due to his humor. He lives a simple life, but he is strict in his work. He devotes himself to the research of physics and a number of his achievements are spoken highly of by the Party and government.
课件43张PPT。Section Ⅳ Grammar & WritingUnit 2 The universal language本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
A卷
单句语法填空
1．When ____________(cross) the road，you’d better look at both sides.
答案：crossing
2．The little girl began to cry when ____________(ask) by the police.
答案：asked
3．____________(have) I had time，I would have gone shopping with you.
答案：Had
4．____________(be) she here, she would agree with us.
答案：Were
5．Bob has done his homework，but Tom ____________(not have)．
答案：hasn’t
6．That’s why I help brighten people’s days. If you ____________(not do), who’s to say that another person will?
答案：don’t
7．—I will be away on a business trip.Could you mind looking after my cat?
—Not at all.I would be happy ____________．
答案：to
8．Once ____________(catch) stealing in a supermarket, you will be punished.
答案：caught
9．—You look happy today, Mary.
—I like my new dress and Mother ____________(do), too.
答案：does
10．—How are you getting on with your work?
—Oh, I’m sorry. Things aren’t going so well as ____________(plan)．
答案：planned
阅读理解
The hit movie NottingHill(《诺丁山》) begins with a famous scene. Hugh Grant bumps into Julia Roberts and spills orange juice all over her. After the collision, Grant repeatedly says，“I’m so sorry. I’m so sorry.”
His actions in this scene are very British. If Roberts were from Britain, then she would probably apologize repeatedly as well—even if the crash were not her fault. But this doesn’t happen in the movie, as Roberts is from the U．S．
A report in The Telegraph once said that three quarters of British people apologize when they bump into someone in the street—regardless of whether they are responsible or not. In fact, Britons use “sorry” in many situations. For example, if they mishear someone, they say“Sorry？” The person they are talking to will also apologize by replying，“No, I am sorry！” This can go on for up to five minutes as they compete for who is the most sorry.
Why are Britons so sorry? Mark Tyrrell, a psychology writer in the U．K., thinks that their apologetic tendencies are rooted in the British class system.“We say sorry because historically the new middle class in Britain had to apologize for not being the working class, but also for not really being the upper class.”Another theory is that they apologize to avoid conflicts. For example, if they bump into someone, he might get angry. To avoid this, they instantly say“Sorry！”
True manners are about being considerate, and today’s constant use of apologizing shows that we are perhaps not as thoughtful as we once were. The word “sorry” has lost some of its meaning. Do you see my point? Sorry, it might just be a British thing.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了英国人的道歉文化及其原因：一是因为历史上英国的新中产阶级；二是为了避免冲突。
1．Why does the author mention a scene in the movie NottingHill at the beginning?
A．To give an example of British modesty.
B．To introduce different ways of saying sorry.
C．To show what kind of men are considered gentlemen in the U．K．
D．To draw our attention to when and how British people say sorry.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段的描述可知，文章开头用电影举例，描述了英国人道歉的场景，引出文章的主题——英国的道歉文化。
2．Which of the following statements might Mark Tyrrell agree with?
A．People should not apologize if they are not responsible.
B．Americans care less about manners than British people do.
C．That British people apologize so much is linked to the class system.
D．British people care too much about which social class they are from.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Mark Tyrrell...thinks that their apologetic tendencies are rooted in the British class system.”可知，Mark Tyrrell认为英国人的道歉根源是其阶级制度。由此可推断，C项正确。
3．What can be inferred from the passage?
A．It’s unnecessary for British people to be so polite.
B．The overuse of apologizing shows Britons are truly sincere.
C．People should not stick to the traditional use of the word “sorry”．
D．Using “sorry” more doesn’t necessarily mean people are more polite.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段的内容以及最后一段中的“today’s constant use of apologizing shows that we are perhaps not as thoughtful as we once were”可知，英国人道歉或是与他们的阶级制度有关，或是为了避免冲突，今天的多次道歉也并不意味着人们更有礼貌。
4．What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage?
A．To explore the best way of saying sorry.
B．To explain why Britons overuse the word “sorry”．
C．To show how saying sorry has changed over time.
D．To suggest many British people lack traditional manners.
B 解析：写作意图题。根据全文内容可知，本文由电影场景引入主题，介绍了英国的道歉文化，并介绍了英国人道歉的原因及今天道歉的意义，主要目的是介绍英国人过量使用“sorry”这个词的原因。
完形填空
“Paul must have been trying to carry his waste paper to the garbage can and dropped a few pieces.”I 1 ， picking them up. 2 later I found more pieces.No quiet sighing this time.I 3 ， “Who is throwing garbage？” No answer.Instead, I saw more bits of paper silently floating 4 from upstairs.Looking up, I saw my seven-year-old son, Paul.“Stop making a mess.”“It’s not a mess.They’re 5 ．”“Sorry, what did you say？” I hadn’t heard him clearly.
He didn’t answer me.Paul has autism(自闭症) and 6 answers a question, especially when he’s 7 attentively on something else.He ran down the stairs.“Where are my other butterflies？” he asked, 8 around.Every time Paul 9 five or more words together, my heart says a 10 of thanks.But lately he seems to 11 that the benefits of forming complete sentences when communicating are 12 of the effort.
Butterflies.Of course.I rushed to 13 them from the garbage, 14 them off and handed them to my young artist.“Want to see them 15 again？” he asked with a shy smile.“Oh yes! They’re beautiful.”I whispered.He ran back upstairs to float his 16 down again.They really did look like beautiful butterflies.
That day Paul 17 me to look up at 18 instead of down at garbage.How many other masterpieces do I miss because I’m too caught up in my 19 to take time to appreciate what’s right in front of me? Life is not what happens to us.It’s 20 we look at it.Now, I look up.
1．A．laughed B．sighed
C．amazed D．shouted
B 解析：laugh “笑”； sigh “叹了口气”； amaze “使惊奇”； shout “大喊”。根据后文的 “No quiet sighing this time.”可知， 此处指作者 “叹气”。句意：我叹口气， 把掉在地上的几张废纸捡起来。故选B项。
2．A．Days B．Years
C．Moments D．Weeks
C 解析：days “数日”； years “数年”； moments “片刻”； weeks “数周”。根据语境可知一开始只是几张， 作者边走边拾， 同时发现更多的废纸。所以时间应该很短。故选C项。
3．A．called out B．turned up
C．got in D．added to
A 解析：call out “大声叫喊”； turn up “出现”； get in “进入”； add to “添加到”。前面说不再静静地叹息， 所以这里应该是大声喊：是谁在扔垃圾？故选A项。
4．A．up B．down
C．away D．off
B 解析：up “向上”； down “向下”； away “离开”； off “切断， 走开”。根据后面 “from upstairs” 可知， 纸是从楼上飘下来的。下文有 “He ran back upstairs to float his ______ down again.”的提示。故选B项。
5．A．planes B．papers
C．leaves D．butterflies
D 解析：plane “飞机”； paper “纸”； leaf “树叶”； butterfly “蝴蝶”。根据下文的 “Where are my other butterflies？” 可知， 作者七岁的儿子认为是蝴蝶。故选D项。
6．A．rarely B．frequently
C．willingly D．eagerly
A 解析：rarely “很少地”； frequently “经常地”； willingly “愿意”； eagerly “渴望地”。根据上文可知作者的儿子有自闭症， 没有回答作者的问题， 所以他很少回答问题。故选A项。
7．A．devoted B．depended
C．focused D．addicted
C 解析：devote “献身于”， 跟to搭配； depend “依靠”， 与on连用； focus “专注”， 与on连用； addict “上瘾”， 与to连用。句意：尤其当Paul专注于别的事情时， 他就很少回答问题。故选C项。
8．A．showing B．looking
C．playing D．drawing
B 解析：show...around “领……四处参观”； look around “环顾四周”； play around “玩耍， 鬼混”； draw around “围在四周”。他一边问一边四处看。故选B项。
9．A．spells B．puts
C．pushes D．accumulates
B 解析：spell “拼写”； put “放”； push “推”； accumulate “积累”。每当患有自闭症的儿子Paul把5个以上的词放在一起时，“我”很激动。故选B项。
10．A．sound B．remark
C．report D．prayer
D 解析：sound “声音”； remark “注意， 评论”； report “报告”； prayer “祈祷”。孩子能说更多的话， “我” 就会发出感谢的祈祷。故选D项。
11．A．refuse B．hear
C．mind D．realize
D 解析：refuse “拒绝”； hear “听到”； mind “在意”； realize “认识到”。最近他似乎认识到交流时说完整的句子的好处， 所以问出了他的问题：Where are my other butterflies？故选D项。
12．A．worthy B．aware
C．fond D．typical
A 解析：worthy “值得”； aware “知道”； fond “喜欢”； typical “典型的”。句意：意识到交流时说完整的话有益处， 值得努力。故选A项。
13．A．hide B．destroy
C．rescue D．remove
C 解析：hide “躲藏”； destroy “毁坏”； rescue “拯救”； remove “移动”。 “我” 跑过去把它们从垃圾堆里救出来。故选C项。
14．A．tore B．dusted
C．cut D．seized
B 解析：tear “撕开”； dust “除去灰尘”； cut “切”； seize “抓住”。垃圾里应该很脏， 所以应该是去掉灰尘。故选B项。
15．A．throw B．flow
C．land D．fly
D 解析：throw “扔”； flow “流动”； land “着陆”； fly “飞”。从后面可知这里Paul 在问：还想看它们飞吗？故选D项。
16．A．masterpieces B．schoolwork
C．inventions D．imagination
A 解析：masterpiece “杰作”； schoolwork “功课”； invention “发明”；imagination “想象”。既然说很漂亮， 所以应该是跑回去再让它们从楼上飘下来。这里妈妈认为是儿子的杰作。故选A项。
17．A．reminded B．forced
C．intended D．permitted
A 解析：remind “提醒”； force “强迫”； intend “打算”； permit “准许”。根据孩子的提醒 “我” 看到， 飘着的纸的确看起来像美丽的蝴蝶。那一天， Paul提醒了 “我” 抬头看美的东西而不是低头看垃圾。故选A项。
18．A．mistakes B．weaknesses
C．beauty D．scenery
C 解析：mistake “错误”； weakness “弱点”； beauty “美”； scenery “风景”。“我”抬起头看到了美。后面的 “instead of down at garbage” 和前面对比， 故选C项。
19．A．amusement B．housework
C．communication D．homework
B 解析：amusement “娱乐”； housework “家务”； communication “交流”； homework “作业”。 “我” 太忙于家务活而没有时间去欣赏眼前的东西。根据前面的叙述说 “我” 拾起地上的废纸可知， “我” 总是做家务活让家干净而没有考虑其他。故选B项。
20．A．when B．whether
C．where D．how
D 解析：when “当……的时候”； whether “是否”； where “哪里”； how “如何”。生活不是我们发生了什么， 而是我们如何看待它。故选D项。
B卷
阅读理解
A
Pollution’s serious effects on the environment have become more obvious in recent years. Most scientists agree that efforts are necessary to protect our environment from further harm.
As we know，the construction industry consumes a large quantity of energy and resources and creates a huge amount of pollution. So green buildings are in great need.
The environmental benefits of green buildings include the protection of ecosystems and biodiversity(生物多样性)，improved air and water quality，less waste flowing into streams and the protection of natural resources. Green buildings can also result in lower operating costs because they typically use less energy and fewer materials and improve indoor air quality，improving the health of people who live there.
The process of building green houses includes technical and artistic planning with nature protection in mind. Building designs often reflect the surrounding environment and natural resources and use renewable building materials such as bamboo and straw. In addition，recycled resources found locally are used for green buildings，reducing the cost and air pollution associated with transporting materials long distances.
Careful site selection is important to minimize(使减少到最低限度) human effects on the surrounding environment. For example，placing a structure in an area that allows it to take advantage of cool breezes(微风) and sunlight can reduce energy use and expenses. More energy and expenses are needed for larger buildings as well，so it is important to build the small ones.
Green roofs are another feature of green houses that reduce energy use and costs. These roofs are partially or completely covered with plants，which helps to keep heating and cooling costs low，prevent water running off and deal with pollutants.
Other features of green buildings often include energy and water protection，recycling and waste reduction. In addition，renewable energy sources such as solar power，waterpower and wind power are used for heat and electricity，which greatly reduces costs and decreases the influence on the environment.
【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了绿色建筑的优势和特色。
1．What can we know about green buildings?
A．Producing no waste.
B．Only using clean energy.
C．Being made of new materials.
D．Being environment friendly.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据对全文的整体理解特别是第三段的内容可推知，绿色建筑整体上是环保的，故选D。
2．What is a green building probably like according to the fifth paragraph?
A．Large. B．Small.
C．Green. D．Low.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句“More energy and expenses are needed for larger buildings as well，so it is important to build the small ones.”可推知，绿色建筑应该倾向于小型建筑，而非高楼大厦，故选B。
3．What is the purpose of using green roofs?
A．To fit the environment.
B．To keep warm.
C．To collect nature water.
D．To reduce costs.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Green roofs are another feature of green houses that reduce energy use and costs.”可知，绿色屋顶可以降低能源使用和成本，故选D。
4．What is the text mainly about?
A．Promoting energy efficiency.
B．Environmental benefits.
C．Green buildings.
D．Ecosystems and biodiversity.
C 解析：主旨大意题。根据文章的关键词“green buildings”和对全文的整体理解可推知，本文主要讲的是绿色建筑，故选C。
B
I’ve never been the kind of person to say, “It’s the thought that counts” when it comes to gifts. That was until a couple of weeks ago, when my kids gave me a present that blew_me_away．
For years now, I’ve been wanting to sell our home, the place where my husband and I raised our kids. But to me, this house is much more than just a building.
In the front room, there’s a wall that has hundreds of pencil lines, marking the progress of my children’s growth.
Every growth stage is marked in grey, with each child’s name and the date when they were measured. Of all the objects and all the memories, it’s this one thing in a home that’s the hardest to leave behind. Friends I know have returned home after work only to discover their wall of heights has been freshly painted over. A new paint job wouldn’t normally be greeted by tears, but erasing that evidence of motherhood hurts more than it should. Our kids grow in so many ways, but the wall is physical evidence of their progress, right there for everyone to see.
Over the years, I’ve talked about how much I would hate leaving that wall behind when I moved, even though the last marks were made 10 years ago when my kids stopped growing.
So one day, while I was at work, my children decided to do something about it.
They hired Jacquie Manning, a professional photographer whose work is about capturing(捕捉) the beautiful things in life, from clear lakes and skies to diamonds and ballgowns(晚礼服)．
She came to our house while I was at work, and over several hours, took photos of the hundreds of drawings and lines, little grey fingerprints(指纹), and old marks. Somehow, she managed to photograph all those years of memories perfectly. Afterwards, she put all the photos together into one image, transforming them into a beautiful history of my family.
Three weeks later, my children’s wonderful gift made its way to me—a life-size photo of the pencil lines and fingerprints that represents entire lifetimes of love and growth.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了孩子们送给“我”的一件充满爱意且特别的礼物的事情。
5．The underlined phrase “blew me away” in Paragraph 1 probably means “________”．
A．attracted me B．surprised me
C．accepted me D．refused me
B 解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“I’ve never been the kind of person to say，‘It’s the thought that counts’...when my kids gave me a present”及下文的描述可知，“我”以前不相信送礼物的人的心思最重要，但几个星期前“我”的孩子们送给“我”的礼物让“我”改变了这样的想法，所以此处表示使“我”吃惊。
6．What does the house really mean to the author?
A．A house. B．A building.
C．Objects. D．Memories.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Of all the objects and all the memories，it’s this one thing in a home that’s the hardest to leave behind.”可知，对作者来说这栋房子意味着回忆。
7．What surprised the friends the author know after work?
A．Finding the wall repainted.
B．Erasing the fingerprints.
C．Greeting them by tears.
D．Leaving the wall unfinished.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Friends I know have returned home after work only to discover their wall of heights has been freshly painted over.”可知，令朋友们吃惊的是房屋的墙面又被重新粉刷了。
8．What is the best title for the text?
A．Gift Made with Love
B．Buildings Made by Children
C．A Very Wonderful Painting
D．A Family History
A 解析：标题归纳题。根据全文内容，尤其是最后一段“Three weeks later，my children’s wonderful gift made its way to me—a life-size photo of the pencil lines and fingerprints that represents entire lifetimes of love and growth.”可知，这篇文章主要讲述了孩子们送给“我”的一份用爱制成的礼物，故A项作本文标题最佳。
C
Nov.21 is World Hello Day.It began back in the 1970s as part of an effort to make the world more peaceful.It was created just after the war between Israel and Egypt in 1973.The philosophy(哲学) behind it is：Say “Hello” and stop war.
It sounds like a fine idea，but most of us know that simply saying “Hello” won’t bring about world peace.Still，on a smaller range，the simple act of saying “Hello” to someone can make a lot of difference.
This might not be obvious.After all，it’s such a casual thing and requires so little effort.You raise your head to someone as you pass by them in the school corridor(走廊)，say “Hello”， and then it’s over.
Although we might not realize it，a small thing like a greeting can mean a lot to a person.Many people are lonely because they’re shy.They find it difficult to communicate with people，even though they want to.It leads to them feeling cut off.
On this basis，maybe it’s a good idea，not just on Nov.21，but every day，to remember to say “Hello” to as many people as we can.The stranger who hears your greeting may secretly smile in their heart.You might even make their day.
Greeting other people is the easiest way to be polite.Politeness is the way we individual humans link up with the rest of the human world outside of our circles of family and friends.Politeness is one of the aspects of culture that make us a society rather than just many individuals living in the same space.
No one said it better than the French author Joseph Joubert：“Politeness is the flower of humanity.” A “Hello” to a stranger is a small thing，and often neglected(忽视)，but through it we can make the world better for another person.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了世界问候日的由来及意义的相关信息。
9．What is World Hello Day intended for?
A．Philosophy. B．Peace.
C．Politeness. D．War.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Nov. 21 is World Hello Day. It began back in the 1970s as part of an effort to make the world more peaceful.”可知，世界问候日设立的初衷是为了和平。
10．What has an effect on people most?
A．Raising heads to others.
B．Doing something casually.
C．Meeting in the school corridor.
D．The simple act of saying “Hello”．
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Still，on a smaller range，the simple act of saying ‘Hello’ to someone can make a lot of difference.”可知，对别人影响最大的是打招呼这种简单的行为。
11．Why do some people feel lonely?
A．They are unwilling to communicate with others.
B．They are too shy to communicate with others.
C．They are very fond of living alone.
D．They don’t like doing things as others do.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Many people are lonely because they’re shy...cut off.”可知，一些人感到孤独的原因是他们太害羞了，不敢和别人交流。
12．What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A．We should neglect a small thing.
B．Saying “Hello” to others is powerful.
C．The flowers make the world better.
D．No one is better than Joseph Joubert.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“A ‘Hello’ to a stranger is a small thing，and often neglected(忽视)，but through it we can make the world better for another person.”可知，向别人打招呼是有影响力的。
语法填空
At fifteen years old, I was a confident girl.One day，when I was trying to get the bottled(瓶装的) gas to work, 1.____________ fire exploded in my face. I suffered the consequences of my 2.____________(careless). It was my neighbors who came to rescue, 3.____________(help) to put off the fire and arranged emergency medical attention. 4.____________ I survived the fire, the damage for me was long-lasting. Within a month, I went from a beautiful girl with perfect skin 5.____________ an ugly lady.
After several months of persuasion(劝导), I agreed to go back to school. But I found it difficult 6.____________ (raise) my head and look people in the face. Then I realized that I first had to learn to accept myself if I wanted to 7.____________(accept) by others. As time went on, I gained strength and confidence, and began to 8.____________ (gradual) lift my head up and look people in the face again.
Instead of 9.____________(hide) from the world, I forced the world to pay attention to and take notice of the person behind the scars. As a saying goes，“Nobody can put you down without your permission.” Now, more than three decades later, I am a confident adult. Who would have thought that such a 10.____________(pain) experience helped me to grow up?
【解题导语】 当面对挫折与磨难时，我们应该拿出勇气去面对它们。
1．a 解析：考查冠词。fire 在这里指火灾，为可数名词，而且是首次提到，故用不定冠词a修饰。
2．carelessness 解析：考查名词。作者的粗心引起了大火，让她尝到了苦头。carelessness意为“粗心”。
3．helped 解析：考查动词的时态。and 连接三个并列的动词，时态应该保持一致。根据空前的came to rescue 和空后的 arranged emergency medical attention可知此空的动词需用一般过去式。
4．Although 解析：考查连词。尽管作者活了下来，但是大火对她的伤害是永久的，这里用although引导让步状语从句。
5．to 解析：考查介词。from...to...意为“从……到……”。
6．to raise 解析：考查非谓语动词。find＋it＋adj.＋to do sth.意为“发现做某事是……的”，it是形式宾语，后面的不定式to raise my head and look people in the face才是真正的宾语。
7．be accepted 解析：考查动词的语态。作者意识到想要被别人接受首先要做到自我接受，所以此空需用被动语态。
8．gradually 解析：考查副词。gradually在这里意为“逐渐地”，修饰后面的动作lift my head up and look people in the face。
9．hiding 解析：考查非谓语动词。 instead of意为“代替；不是……而是……”，of为介词，后跟v.-ing形式。
10．painful 解析：考查形容词。 painful意为“痛苦的”，修饰后面的名词experience。
书面表达
王东教授应邀来你校做报告，请你根据下面这份表格用英语写一篇介绍他的短文，以便在报告之前向同学们做简要介绍。(100词左右)
人物
简介
姓名：王东
性别：男
出生年月：1941年2月
出生地点：南京
主要
经历
1964年毕业于清华大学并赴英国留学
1967年在英国剑桥大学获得博士学位
1969年回国后在中国科技大学物理系工作至今
平时
表现
为人谦和，生活俭朴，谈吐风趣幽默，对工作严格要求，献身于物理学研究，多项研究成果得到党和政府的高度评价
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One possible version：
Professor Wang Dong was born in Nanjing in February, 1941. He graduated from Tsinghua University in 1964 and then he went to England to go on with his education. He received his doctor’s degree in Cambridge University in 1967. Since he returned home in 1969, he has been working in the Physics Department of Chinese Science and Technology University. He, who is kind and modest, always brings laughters to others due to his humor. He lives a simple life, but he is strict in his work. He devotes himself to the research of physics and a number of his achievements are spoken highly of by the Party and government.
重点单词
1．cast vt. & vi. 选派角色； 投射(光、 影);
向……投以(视线、 笑容)
n. 演员阵容；投掷
2．condemn vt. 宣判， 判刑； 指责， 谴责
condemn sb.for sth. 因某事而谴责某人
condemn sb.to sth./to do sth. 使某人注定……
be condemned to_do sth. 迫使/注定去做某事
be condemned/sentenced to death 被判处死刑
3．stubborn adj. 固执的， 顽固的
4．seize vt. 逮捕， 捉拿；抓住， 捉住；
夺取，攻占
5．demand vt. 强烈要求；需要
n. 要求；需求
(1)in__demand 有需求
meet/satisfy one’s demands 满足某人的需求
(2)demand to_do sth. 要求做某事
demand that...(should) do sth. 要求……做某事
sth.demand(s) to be done＝sth.demand(s) doing 某事需要被做
6．evident adj. 清楚的， 显然的
7．scold vt. 训斥，责骂
8．opportunity n. 机遇， 时机
9．seek vt.& vi. 试图， 设法；寻求， 寻找
10．collection n. 作品集；收藏品；
一批(人或物品); 取走
11．gradual adj. 逐渐的， 逐步的；
平缓的，不陡的
12．decline n. 衰落， 衰败； 减少； 下降
vi. & vt. 衰落； 下降； 婉言谢绝
13．tendency n. 倾向， 偏好；趋势， 趋向
14．universal adj. 共同的， 普遍的， 全体的，
全世界的
universe n. 宇宙
15．liberty n. 自由
liberation n. 解放
16．slavery n. 奴隶身份；奴隶制
slave n. 奴隶
17．unite vi. & vt. 联合， 团结； 统一
united adj. 一致的； 统一的
18．disturbing adj. 令人不安的；引起恐慌的
disturb v. 扰乱， 妨碍
disturbance n. 扰乱；骚动
19．prejudice n. 偏见， 成见
vt. 使怀有(或形成)偏见
prejudiced adj. 有偏见的
20．merciful adj. 仁慈的， 慈悲的， 宽大为怀的
mercy n. 仁慈；怜悯；恩惠；宽恕
重点短语
1．be_condemned_to_sth. 被处以某种刑罚
2．fail_to_do 没能够做成……
3．be_eager_to_do 渴望做……
4．break_one’s_promise 违背诺言
5．take_on 呈现
6．be_unwilling_to_do 不愿意做……
7．scold_sb.for_sth. 为某事责备某人
8．be_accessible_to 对……是可进入的
9．be_transformed_into 被转换成……
10．have_a_tendency_to... 有……倾向
11．spring_up 突然兴起， 迅速出现
12．break_up 破裂；解散；破碎
重点句型
1．“否定词＋比较级”表最高级含义
Just imagine performing such an opera in the Forbidden City—there could not be a more awesome setting!
【仿写】 我十分同意你的意见。
I can’t agree more_with you.
2．find ＋宾语＋宾补
The emperor finds the death disturbing.
【仿写】 我觉得这部电影很无聊。
I found the film boring．
3．动词不定式的省略
However, although he would like to, he cannot break his promise and must allow Turandot to do as she wishes.
【仿写】 ——你愿意跟我们一起去电影院吗？
——是的，我愿意。我们什么时候见面？
—Would you like to go to the cinema with us?
—Yes, I_would_like_to．What time are we going to meet?
4．while引导让步状语从句， 意为“虽然， 尽管”
While the blues was popular, as a musical format it lacked variety and was too sad and slow to dance to.
【仿写】 我虽然承认他的优点， 但还是能看到他的缺点。
While_I_admit his advantages, I can see his disadvantages.
话题写作
根据要求运用本单元所学知识完成下面小作文，并背诵成文。
1．世界上的音乐有两大类， 一类是写下来的， 另一类是没有写下来的。(write down)
2．民间音乐是一代一代流传下来的。(pass down from one generation to another)
3．起初从来没有人把它写下来过。
4．人们是从家人、 亲戚、 村里的邻居或朋友那里学会唱这些歌的。(learn...from...)
5．众所周知， 民间音乐的歌词内容主要与乡村生活、 季节、 动植物以及人们生活中的爱情和忧伤有关。(as we all know)
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One possible version：
There are two important kinds of music in the world—one is written down and the other is not.Folk music has been passed down from one generation to another.At first, it was never written down.People learnt the songs from their families, relatives, neighbours and friends in the same village.As we all know, these songs are mainly about the country life, seasons, animals and plants, and about love and sadness in people’s lives.
课件17张PPT。Unit 2 The universal language本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放综合过关检测(一)
(时间：100分钟，满分：120分)
第一部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Welcome to our website. Here are some magazines to recommend this week.
Cover Price: $56.00
Sale Price: $25.00
Alarm celebrates independent thinking in music, art, film and fashion through in-depth writings. Each issue of Alarm features interviews, reviews and life stories of famous people in the artistic world. It also provides the latest news on famous bands, artists, filmmakers and fashion trends.
Cover Price: $47.40
Sale Price: $12.00
Alternative Press celebrates music and youth culture. It features the latest music news and releases, and includes interviews with new bands as well as famous bands. AP is written for fans of electronic, industrial, punk, underground, rock, experimental and other musical types. It also offers columns(专栏) about new technology, book reviews and film reviews.
Cover Price: $39.92
Sale Price: $12.00
Sound &Vision is for people with a great interest in music and video. It is also for people who want to know how to reproduce video. The magazine tests new technology and explains how to buy and use music equipment.
Cover Price: $23.70
Sale Price: $6.00
Complex is a lifestyle magazine. It covers everything to do with Hip-Hop culture. Articles cover music, fashion, film and sports. It also has a buyer’s guide to the hottest gear, clothes and gadgets. Complex combines two magazines into one. It is not only a lifestyle magazine but also a product guide.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了本周网站上推荐的四本杂志。
1．Alarm Would most probably attract people who love reading ________．
A．reviews of novels
B．simple humorous stories
C．serious writings on music
D．stories written by famous artists
C 解析：推理判断题。根据文中的“Alarm celebrates independent thinking in music, art, film and fashion through in-depth writings.”可知，Alarm很可能会吸引那些喜欢关于音乐的严肃作品的人。故选C。
2．What discount can you get if you buy Alternative Press on the website?
A．About 38%. B．About 55%.
C．About 70%. D．About 75%.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据文中的“Cover Price：$47.40 Sale Price：$12.00”的描述可列算式($47.40－$12.00)/ $47.40≈0.75，即大约75%。故如果你在网站上购买Alterative Press，你会得到大约75%的折扣。
3．You would advise Jack who shows a deep interest in Hip-Hop culture to buy ________．
A．Complex B．Alarm
C．Alternative Press D．Sound &Vision
A 解析：细节理解题。根据文中的“Complex is a lifestyle magazine. It covers everything to do with Hip-Hop culture.”可知，Complex杂志适合hip-hop迷。
B
Mark is always engaged in his work. But this time he felt that it was time for him to take part in his community，so he went to the neighborhood meeting after work.The area city councilwoman was leading a discussion about how the quality of life was on the decline.The neighborhood faced many problems.Mark looked at the charts taped to the walls.There were charts for parking problems，crime，and for problems in empty buildings.Mark read from the charts，“Police patrols cut back, illegal parking up 20%”．People were supposed to suggest solutions to the councilwoman.It was too much for Mark.“The problems are too big”， he thought.He turned to the man next to him and said, “I think this is a waste of my time.Nothing I can do would make a difference here.”
As he neared the bus stop on his way home, Mark saw a woman carrying a grocery bag, and a baby. As Mark got closer, her other child, a little boy, suddenly ran into the street. The woman tried to reach for him, but as she moved, her bag shifted, and groceries started to fall out. Mark ran to take the boy’s arm and led him back to his mother. “You gotta stay with your mom，”he said.Then he picked up the stray groceries and the woman smiled in relief.“Thanks，”she said，“you’ve got great timing.”“Just being neighborly，” Mark said.As he rode home, he glanced at the walls of the bus. On one of them was “Small_acts_of_kindness_add_up.” Mark smiled and thought, “Maybe that’s a good place to start.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要叙述了Mark去参加社区会议时，发现社区里存在很多问题，但他觉得自己对解决这些问题起不了多大作用。在回家的路上，他帮助了一个妇人，这件事情让他改变了自己的态度。
4．What was being discussed when Mark arrived at the neighborhood meeting？
A．The high price of groceries.
B．The education problem of children.
C．The worsening of the quality of life.
D．The housing conditions in the community.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“leading a discussion about how the quality of life was on the decline”可知，他们正在讨论生活质量如何下降的问题。特别是下文的一些细节也在暗示着生活质量在变差，如“The neighborhood faced many problems.”“for parking problems，crime，and for problems in empty buildings”“The problems are too big”等都说明了这个问题。故选C。
5．What’s Mark’s opinion about the community problems according to the first paragraph?
A．People could solve the problems by themselves.
B．He didn’t have the ability to solve such problems.
C．He didn’t have enough time to solve the problems.
D．People were too selfish to help others solve the problems.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“I think this is a waste of my time.Nothing I can do would make a difference here.”可知，Mark认为讨论这件事情是浪费时间的，同时他觉得在这里他不能做什么产生影响的事情，这也就意味着Mark认为他没有能力解决这些问题。故答案为B。
6．What does the underlined sentence “Small acts of kindness add up.” mean in the last paragraph?
A．All small acts will add to kindness.
B．Everyone should try his best to do good deeds.
C．All small kind acts can make people grow up quickly.
D．Everyone can play his own part to make things better.
D 解析：句意理解题。根据上文内容可知，Mark帮助了一位邻居，这个小小的友善的行为得到了邻居的感谢。Mark觉得这是一个好的开始，每个人都能做好自己的部分使生活变得更好。故答案为D。
7．What can we learn from this passage?
A．Mark always played an active part in community activities.
B．Visual aids were used to display the seriousness of problems.
C．Many people were discouraged by the problems faced by them.
D．The city councilwoman was responsible for the falling of life quality.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Mark looked at the charts taped to the walls.”以及第二段中的“As he rode home，he glanced at the walls of the bus.”可知，视觉上的辅助工具能被用来显示一些问题的严重性。故答案为B。
C
New research from Princeton University in New Jersey found something else special about how adults—in this case mothers—speak to their very young children.
“We found for the first time that mothers shift their timbre，”said Elise Piazza, a postdoctoral researcher at Princeton University. Piazza added，“Timbre is best explained as the unique quality of a sound. Barry_White’s_silky_voice_sounds_different_from_Tom_Waits’_poor_one—even_if_they’re_singing_the_same_note.”
Using special equipment, Piazza and other Princeton researchers found that mothers shared similar changes in timbre when speaking to babies. The researchers tried to record the sounds mothers used with their babies at home. “We chose to record mothers playing with and reading to their own babies just like they would at home，” Piazza said. She wanted the discussions to be as natural as possible.
The research offers new ways to show differences between how adults speak to babies, compared to fellow adults. The research was not limited just to English speakers. Researchers listened to discussions in seven other languages: Mandarin, Polish, Russian, Spanish, Cantonese, German, and French.
Piazza said the research provides more information besides what is mentioned above. For example, she said, it could include how people change their timbre when speaking to friends or managers at work; how candidates speak to voters; and how people speak to their boyfriends, girlfriends or spouses(配偶)．
The Princeton research follows earlier research on baby talk. In 2014, researchers from the University of Washington and University of Connecticut looked at thousands of verbal discussions between parents and babies. They compared regular speaking voices and baby talk. Patricia K. Kuhl, a co-director of the University of Washington, said researchers found that use of baby talk led to better early language development.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项关于成年人如何与非常年幼的孩子说话的研究。
8．What can we infer from the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2?
A．People can’t change their sound quality.
B．Barry White has a better voice than Tom Waits.
C．People’s sound quality varies from person to person.
D．Their sounds appear differently with the same loudness.
C 解析：句意理解题。根据第二段中的“Timbre is best explained as the unique quality of a sound.”可知，音色就是指一个声音与众不同的特性，而画线部分是作为一个例子来对其解释的。故选C。
9．What does the research show according to Paragraph 5?
A．How people communicate effectively with others.
B．How people speak in different situations.
C．How timbre improves in different cases.
D．How people express ideas to others.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第五段内容可知，除了上面提到的(即研究发现成人与婴儿说话的方式不同于他们跟成人说话的方式)，这项研究还提供了关于人们如何与朋友或工作场所的管理者说话及候选人如何与投票人说话和人们如何与男朋友、女朋友或配偶说话的信息，即该研究还表明了人们在不同的场合下怎样说话。故选B。
10．If one more paragraph is added, it should focus on ________．
A．baby talk’s development
B．examples of baby talk’s help
C．parents’ comment on the research
D．baby talk’s advantages and disadvantages
B 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句中的“researchers found that use of baby talk led to better early language development”可知，接下来应该介绍baby talk对婴儿早期语言发展有利的例子。故选B。
11．What is the general tone of the author in the passage?
A．Objective. B．Subjective.
C．Doubtful. D．Critical.
A 解析：观点态度题。通篇文章作者都是以客观的口吻向读者介绍一项新的研究发现，故作者的表述是客观的，故选A。
D
On January 13, 2016, France became the first country in the world to pass a law requiring supermarkets to donate food that is approaching its expiration date(保质期) instead of throwing it away. The regulation that applies to supermarkets over 4，000 square feet requires stores to sign official donation agreements with local food banks.
The law also makes it illegal for stores to pour water over nearly-expired food, or store it inside locked warehouses until it is picked up by the garbage trucks. These measures are often undertaken by supermarkets to prevent the hungry from searching for food through the dustbins.
Though that may appear cruel, the stores claim they do it to avoid potential food poisoning that could occur if the product is on its way past its expiry. Those who do not obey the new law face the risk of heavy fines.
Also, excess goods like yogurt or milk that are likely to go bad quickly are now allowed to be donated directly to the food banks. Though this has always been possible, the current process is long and complex, making it difficult for producers to give away the food in a timely manner.
France’s food banks are of course thrilled about the possibility of receiving extra food. Jacques Bailet, who heads a network of French food banks called the Banques Alimentaires, says that of the 110，000 tons of goods received annually, only 36，000 tons come from supermarkets. Bailet estimates(估计) that just a 15% increase in supermarket donations would translate to over 10 million additional meals to feed the hungry each year.
Though this is a great first step, Arash Dermabarsh, the activist responsible for the grassroots movement that led to the ban, is not done. He now wants to extend the law to other places like restaurants and also try to convince other countries in the European Union to pass similar regulations. These steps are necessary because of the over 9 million tons of food wasted in France, an astonishing 67% is thrown away by consumers, with supermarkets and restaurants making up the rest.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。法国成为世界上第一个通过法律规定要求超市捐赠接近保质期食物给粮食银行而不是扔掉食物的国家。该规定有效防止了食物浪费。
12．What should stores do with nearly-expired food?
A．Throw it away.
B．Send it to the hungry.
C．Store it in refrigerators.
D．Give it away to food banks.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，法国通过的这项法律要求商店必须将即将过期的食品捐献给粮食银行，而不是扔掉，故D项正确。
13．What does the underlined word “excess” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A．Extra. B．Cheap.
C．Seasonal. D．Returned.
A 解析：词义猜测题。根据第四段第一句可知，酸奶或牛奶等可能很快就会变质的这种过多产品现在可以直接捐赠给粮食银行，据此可以判断，画线词意为“额外的，超额的”，故A项正确。B项意为“便宜的”，C项意为“季节性的”，D项意为“退还的”，都与语境不符。
14．What might Bailet agree with about the French food banks?
A．They have a lot of expired food.
B．They will get much benefit from the law.
C．Their food is enough for the people in need.
D．Their food mainly comes from supermarkets.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第五段第一句“France’s food banks are of course thrilled about the possibility of receiving extra food.”和最后一句可知，Bailet认为，法国的粮食银行将从这项法律中受益良多，故B项正确。
15．What does Dermabarsh plan to do?
A．Build more food banks in France.
B．Make the law take effect in more places.
C．Launch a campaign to promote this law.
D．Raise consumers’ awareness of waste reduction.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据尾段第二句“He now wants to extend the law to other places like restaurants and also try to convince other countries in the European Union to pass similar regulations.”可知，Arash Dermabarsh计划将这项法律推行到其他场所和国家，故B项正确。
第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Network with Ease
Networking is very important in our daily lives. Often the best jobs and opportunities are not advertised but filled by word of mouth. With this in mind, a good idea is to go and find them yourself. How is this done？By the simple process of networking.
A number of people feel networking is a waste of time and it has no effect on personal relationships or being successful in your business. 16.________ Relationships and business have been built via the networking process for hundreds of years.
Networking is not about meeting hundreds of people, communicating with them and then never meeting them again. It’s about getting to know each other and finding out if you are able to make the relationship beneficial for both of you. If you aren’t able to, then see if you can introduce them to someone more well－matched to their business.
17．________ One day she decided to donate one of her articles to the local newspaper so it could be published and people around the world could have the chance to read it. The article focused on an event, which was coming up and was hosted by a woman’s publishing group. The group not only liked the article, but also appreciated what she had done, so they recommended her to a national magazine. 18.________ This example shows how networking can be done easily, if well thought out. Touching base with a few people can in fact lead to reaching many.
19．________ I heard a story of someone recommending a friend for a teaching position with a nonprofit organization. Interestingly enough after getting the position, he returned the favor by referring his friend into a job he had heard about. How funny things work out!
When looking for a new job, it may be worth joining a networking group focusing on the sector of business you are interested in. It’s a great way to meet people, do research into companies by asking questions of those people who work there. 20.________
The examples above show that in order to network effectively and in an efficient manner, you do not need to be outgoing or know a lot of people. All it requires is being creative, listening well, asking relevant questions and developing a good reputation with others. You would be amazed at how many doors will open for you.
A．This concept is completely incorrect.
B．Family and friends are the easiest and best way to increase your network.
C．Often the opportunity may just be within that particular networking group.
D．So now, not only does she get to write regular articles, she also gets paid for it.
E．Getting in touch with your friends and your colleagues often helps you build a larger network.
F．A simple example of how easy networking can be is the example of a woman who used to love writing articles.
G．By referring your friends or relatives whom you think are well suited for a job is another way to network.
【解题导语】 人们对人际网有没有用处有不同的看法，作者认为我们可以通过人际网接触更多的人并找到适合的工作。
16．A 解析：根据上文“A number of people feel networking is a waste of time and it has no effect on personal relationships or being successful in your business.”可知，很多人认为人际网没有用，而下文的“Relationships and business have been built via the networking process for hundreds of years.”说明人际网是有用的，所以承上启下的句子是“This concept is completely incorrect.”。故选A。
17．F 解析：根据下文“One day she decided to donate one of her articles to the local newspaper”可知，这里拿一个女性举例，F项就是提出这个例子，承接下文。故选F。
18．D 解析：根据上文“The group not only liked the article, but also appreciated what she had done, so they recommended her to a national magazine.”可知，这个女子写的文章很受欢迎，下文应该是她得到什么益处，D项就是关于她的益处。故选D。
19．G 解析：根据下文“Interestingly enough after getting the position, he returned the favor by referring his friend into a job he had heard about.”可知，上文是推荐你的朋友或亲戚做适合的工作。故选G。
20．C 解析：根据上文“When looking for a new job, it may be worth joining a networking group focusing on the sector of business you are interested in.” 可知，下文应该是机会就在那个特殊的人际网群体里面。故选C。
第二部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
A few days ago, my sister Liz and I talked about Dad, and we decided to get him a little something for Father’s Day. We talked about the times when we were 21 up and how Mom and Dad used to play the “good cop, bad cop” thing on us. Dad has been a person of few words since we were 22 . He raised us more by 23 than anything else. When he spoke, though we listened, he was always mysterious and difficult to understand. There was always a(n) 24 meaning that I never got, but Liz always 25 to decipher(破解) him. By the time I got to high school, I had wanted a skateboard and I 26 I was too old to ask money from my parents, so I worked at a burger joint(美式汉堡店). One day, I was really angry about annoying burgers. I came home huffing and puffing(气喘吁吁). Dad saw me and asked me what was the 27 . I told him that I was fed up with annoying burgers. He said that we all have to start somewhere, that we may not know it now, but the skills we learn even in a burger joint might come in handy 28 in life, “Who knows, you might end up having to run a 29 or even own one when you grow up，”said Dad. He 30 me down and I kept what he said in mind, even though I really didn’t agree with it.
A couple of years later, when I got to college, I worked in a restaurant. During one of the really 31 days that we had, we were short on kitchen staff. Our customers were getting impatient and the 32 were getting delayed. We were sure any minute something terrible would 33 out. I couldn’t stand the 34 any more, so I rolled up my sleeves, got myself a hair net and helped out in the hot kitchen. We caught up with the orders 35 . The owner saw what I did and called me over around 36 time. He said that he was very 37 . He raised my salary and made me the assistant manager even though I could only go part－time. That was
38 I realized that what my dad said to me all those years before was absolutely true.
I’ve never forgotten what my Dad said that day. And whenever I have to do something that requires new skills, no matter how insignificant or 39 it seems, I have a new perspective(看法) that it might really help me later on or even right now and I just don’t know it. Experience is everything and it 40 a lot when you take lessons from it. That’s my life’s philosophy.
【解题导语】 在父亲的教育下，作者认识到了生活中的经历不管多么渺小、多么微不足道，从中学到的技能在今后的工作中都有可能用得到。
21．A．getting B．going
C．growing D．coming
C 解析：这里作者是在回忆在成长过程中父亲给他们的教育，因此选择growing。grow up“长大”。选C。
22．A．schoolboys B．kids
C．adults D．graduates
B 解析：从文章开头“my sister Liz and I”可知选择schoolboys不对，因此选择kids最妥当。选B。
23．A．instruction B．example
C．order D．inspiration
B 解析：instruction“指导”；example“例子，榜样”；order“顺序”；inspiration“激励”。爸爸更多的是通过榜样的作用养育“我们”而不是通过别的方式，选B。
24．A．obvious B．clear
C．reasonable D．hidden
D 解析：obvious“明显的”；clear“清楚的”；reasonable“合理的”；hidden“隐藏的”。从前面的句子“he was always mysterious and difficult to understand”可知，爸爸的话里面总是有一些隐藏的东西是“我”不能理解的，故选D。
25．A．failed B．refused
C．tried D．managed
D 解析：fail“失败”；refuse“拒绝”；try“尝试”；manage“设法”。根据but前面的内容可知“我”不懂但是Liz总是能够弄懂他的意思。manage to decipher(破解) him“设法弄懂他讲的话的含义”。选D。
26．A．imagined B．promised
C．believed D．suggested
C 解析：作者认为自己已经长大了不好再向父母要钱。选C。
27．A．experience B．matter
C．event D．accident
B 解析：这里表示父亲看到作者气喘吁吁地回来询问出了什么事。what was the matter表示“怎么了，出了什么事”。选B。
28．A．later B．sooner
C．latter D．late
A 解析：由于作者对自己刚刚从事的兼职工作不满意，因此父亲开导作者说每个人都要从某个地方起步从事某一项工作，可能现在还不知道是什么工作，不过从工作中所获得的技能在日后(later)的生活中也可能派上用场。选A。
29．A．restaurant B．hospital
C．school D．plant
A 解析：结合上下文应选择restaurant。你可能以后会经营一家饭店，甚至可能会拥有一家饭店，选A。
30．A．calmed B．wrote
C．let D．put
A 解析：因为作者本来很生气，这里作者的父亲让作者冷静下来。calm sb. down“使某人冷静下来”，选A。
31．A．exciting B．worrying
C．busy D．happy
C 解析：根据下面的“we were short on kitchen staff”(厨房的员工短缺)可推知，此处指餐馆里很忙的一天厨师不够用了。
32．A．meetings B．parties
C．menus D．orders
D 解析：根据下文“We caught up with the orders”可知选择orders，表示顾客点的菜也在被推迟。选D。
33．A．break B．show
C．go D．set
A 解析：店里的员工都担心糟糕的事情会发生。break out指“不好的事情突然发生”，符合语境。选A。
34．A．quarrel B．laziness
C．relaxation D．tension
D 解析：作者无法忍受那种紧张的气氛，因此选择tension。选D。
35．A．eventually B．regularly
C．obviously D．thankfully
A 解析：eventually“最终”；regularly“定期地”；obviously“明显地”；thankfully“感激地”。由于作者出手相助，他们终于赶上了客人们点菜的速度。选A。
36．A．breakfast B．lunch
C．opening D．closing
D 解析：closing time在英语中是固定短语，意思是餐馆或酒馆打烊的时间。根据常理可推断店主应在打烊之前找“我”，选D。
37．A．influenced B．interested
C．inspired D．impressed
D 解析：influenced“被影响的”；interested“感兴趣的”；inspired“受到激励的”；impressed“印象深刻的”。从后面的句子“He raised my salary and made me the assistant manager even though I could only go part－time.”可知店主应该对作者印象深刻，故选D。
38．A．when B．why
C．whether D．where
A 解析：就是这个时候，“我”意识到爸爸对“我”说的话是完全正确的，选A。
39．A．important B．impressive
C．interesting D．small
D 解析：与insignificant词义相近的应该是small，表示无论事情看起来是多么的不重要或渺小，从中学到的技能都可能对今后的生活有帮助。选D。
40．A．works B．counts
C．shows D．studies
B 解析：根据上文可知学到的经验对今后的生活可能很重要。count“重要，有关系”，符合题意。
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Jerry has had a disability for over 35 years.On December 3，1982, Jerry 41.____________(hit) by a drunk driver.The accident left 42.____________(he) as a partial paraplegic(下身麻痹患者)．
Jerry’s life is not defined by his disability.“There’s lots I can do，”said Jerry.“I drive.I work.I enjoy 43.____________(be) healthy and independent.”This “healthy” man，living 44.____________ normal life has even participated in the Boston Marathon.
As a person with a disability，however，Jerry has seen some of the attitudes 45.____________ people with disabilities over the years.
He was once in line to renew his parking permit.He watched a(n) 46.____________(work) walk down the line and ask people “What do you need？”When she got to Jerry and saw his wheelchair，he was asked “Who are you here with？”
But he’s also seen many positive 47.____________(change) to get people with disabilities 48.____________(physical) active through recreational opportunities such as golf，fishing and even snow-skiing.There are now organizations such as Lakeshore Foundation 49.____________ provide recreational opportunities.
Jerry states，“I don’t expect the world 50.____________(go) around us.I will adapt—just make it so I can.”
41．was hit 解析：考查一般过去时的被动语态。Jerry与hit之间是被动关系，且由时间状语On December 3，1982可知，设空处表示的动作发生在过去，故填was hit。
42．him 解析：考查代词。设空处作宾语，指代Jerry，故填him。
43．being 解析：考查动词-ing形式作宾语的用法。enjoy doing sth.意为“喜欢做某事”。
44．a 解析：考查不定冠词。live a normal life意为“过着正常的生活”。
45．towards/to 解析：考查介词。attitude后常跟介词towards/to，表示“对待……的态度”。
46．worker 解析：考查名词。设空处作宾语，由walk down the line and ask people “What do you need？”可知，此处表示“工作人员”，又因设空处前有a(n)，故填worker。
47．changes 解析：考查名词复数。设空处作宾语，表示“变化”，由many可知，此处应用名词复数，故填changes。
48．physically 解析：考查副词。设空处修饰形容词active，表示“身体上地”，故填副词physically。
49．that/which 解析：考查关系代词。设空处引导限制性定语从句，指代organizations且在从句中作主语，故填that/which。
50．to go 解析：考查不定式作补语的用法。expect sb./sth. to do sth.意为“期望某人/某物做某事”。
第三部分 写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节 短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Yesterday was my father’s birthday. We made many preparation for it. Early in the morning, my mother and I set off for the department store to find gift for Father. We chose very careful, eventually a warm sweater caught our eye but was purchased.
To showing my love for my father, I made a birthday cake under the help of my mother. In the evening, we got together to celebrate her birthday. With candles lit, we sang happy birthday out loud and clapped, that made the room alive with the sound of cheering.
Then we take a family photo to record the happy moment. When I saw tears of joy in Father’s eye, I was filled in with a feeling of accomplishment and happiness.
答案：
Yesterday was my father’s birthday. We made many for it. Early in the morning, my mother and I set off for the department store to find gift for Father. We chose very ， eventually a warm sweater caught our eye was purchased.
To my love for my father, I made a birthday cake the help of my mother. In the evening, we got together to celebrate birthday. With candles lit, we sang happy birthday out loud and clapped, made the room alive with the sound of cheering.
Then we a family photo to record the happy moment. When I saw tears of joy in Father’s eye, I was filled with a feeling of accomplishment and happiness.
第二节 书面表达(满分25分)
假定你是李华，计划寒假找份兼职工作。下面的招聘广告引起了你的注意，请根据要点(箭头所指内容) 写一封申请信。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Mr. Smith，
I’ve read your advertisement for an assistant teacher for a children’s winter camp.________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
One possible version：
Dear_Mr._Smith，
I’ve_read_your_advertisement_for_an_assistant_teacher_for_a_children’s_winter_camp.I’m very interested in this position and I think my personality and experience will qualify me for the job.
To begin with, I gained much experience of working with children from my part-time job as a babysitter.Besides, I have been a helpful assistant for both my English teacher and my classmates.More importantly, I can speak English fluently, which will help me work with native teachers from England.I will be available for the work on evenings and weekends and can start working from the end of this term.I would really appreciate it if you could give me this opportunity.
Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours，
Li_Hua
