课件48张PPT。Unit 3 The world of colours and lightUnit 3 The world of colours and lightUnit 3 The world of colours and lightUnit 3 The world of colours and lightUnit 3 The world of colours and lightSection Ⅰ Welcome to the unit & Reading—Warming UpUnit 3 The world of colours and light本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
A卷
阅读理解
A
“We all know that exercise is good for us, but can you get the benefits without actually doing the exercise？”asks Michael Mosley.
Having a hot bath or a sauna is a good way to soothe your arms and legs after exercise, but what happens if you do it instead of exercise? Dr. Steve Faulkner of Loughborough University asked me to take part in an experiment comparing the relative benefits of having a long, hot bath versus an hour of hard cycling.
For this study I join a group of volunteers who have all been fitted with monitors which continuously record blood sugar levels. Keeping your blood sugar level within the normal range is an important measure of your “metabolic”fitness.
The first part of the experiment is very relaxing, consisting of having a long, hot bath. While I sit in the bath, which they keep at 40℃， Steve closely monitors my core temperature. Once it has risen and stayed there, I am allowed out.
A couple of hours after my bath I have a light meal. Since we want to see how having a hot bath compares with exercise, we repeat the experiment.
So what’s the result?
“One of the first things that we were looking at，”Steve says, “is the energy expenditure(消耗) while you’re in the hot bath and what we found was an 80% increase in energy expenditure just as a result of sitting in the bath for the course of an hour.”
This is nothing like as many calories as cycling for an hour(which comes out at an average of 630 calories), but we do burn 140 calories, the equivalent of a brisk 30-minute walk.
【解题导语】 实验发现，一个小时的热水浴虽然没有骑一个小时自行车所消耗的热量多，但其所消耗的热量相当于半个小时的快步走所消耗的热量。
1．What is the meaning of the underlined word in Paragraph 2?
A．Exercise. B．Strengthen.
C．Relax. D．Build up.
C 解析：词义猜测题。结合该句内容和常识可知，在锻炼时，我们的腿和手臂肌肉比较紧张，洗热水澡或桑拿浴可以使这些部位的肌肉得到放松。故选C。
2．What is the purpose of the experiment?
A．To compare energy expenditure of hot bath and cycling.
B．To tell people how to lose weight.
C．To show the benefit of hot bath.
D．To encourage people to have a hot bath instead of cycling.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Dr. Steve Faulkner of Loughborough University asked me to take part in an experiment comparing the relative benefits of having a long, hot bath versus an hour of hard cycling.”可知，做这个实验的目的是把洗热水澡和骑自行车的能量消耗的情况进行对比。故选A。
3．What does normal blood sugar level mean?
A．It means you are healthy.
B．It means your temperature is normal.
C．It means you don’t need exercise.
D．It means your metabolic system is normal.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Keeping your blood sugar level within the normal range is an important measure of your ‘metabolic’ fitness.”可知，保持正常范围内的血糖水平是代谢健康的一个重要衡量标准。据此可知，正常的代谢系统与正常的血糖水平有关。故选D。
4．If you want to burn 600 calories, what can you do?
A．Have a hot bath for one hour.
B．Cycle for one hour.
C．Have a brisk 60-minute walk.
D．Have a brisk 30-minute walk.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知，如果要消耗600卡路里，应骑一个小时自行车。故选B。
B
Whenever I hear a recording of John Denver singing “Sunshine on My Shoulders”， I find myself smiling, drawn to a love of the sun and the outdoors I’ve had for years as a Michigan native. Walking barefoot to the lake, playing without shirts in the sunlight, and breathing fresh air feel good. As a doctor I can tell you they are also good for your heart.
Studies have found higher rates of high blood pressure among people with the lowest sun exposure. One reason may be due to nitric oxide(一氧化氮), a gas whose fun_ction is activated when your skin is exposed to the sun’s rays. It reduces both heart attack and stroke risks. Vitamin D, which sunlight helps your body produce, is also linked to better health. So walk outdoors for 15 to 30 minutes daily.
In Japan, walking through forests to keep healthy has become a popular practice. Apparently they want to enjoy the fresh air. But research on 280 volunteers found that people had a reduced heart rate, and lower blood pressure when they walked through a forest than when they spent time in an urban area.
One of the consequences of modern society is that rarely is our body in direct contact with the ground. The earth has an electrical current. Direct contact with it may be stabilizing force for good health. Although“earthing”or “grounding” is considered alternative by mainstream medicine, research shows that the practice seems to be able to reduce heart disease risks.
So, walk around barefoot wherever possible, let your backyard grass tickle your feet, and dig your toes into sandy beaches.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。作者通过叙述自己的经历、感受和一些研究发现，告诉人们户外活动有益于心脏。
5．The first paragraph is meant to ________．
A．show the author likes the song very much
B．put forward the argument of the passage
C．suggest that the author loves nature crazily
D．indicate the author is a Michigan native
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段的描述可知，作者写这段的目的是提出文章的论点。
6．Sunbathing’s good for heart because ________．
A．the sun’s rays make nitric oxide work
B．sunlight can help people keep warm
C．the sun’s rays can help replace vitamin D
D．vitamin D reduces blood circulation
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“One reason may be due to nitric oxide(一氧化氮), a gas whose fun_ction is activated when your skin is exposed to the sun’s rays. It reduces both heart attack and stroke risks.”描述可推知，日光浴对心脏有好处是因为阳光能使一氧化氮工作。
7．It’s believed that walking through forests can ________．
A．make people popular B．help breathe in fresh air
C．reduce blood pressure D．help escape noisy cities
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的“But research on 280 volunteers found that people had a reduced heart rate, and lower blood pressure when they walked through a forest than when they spent time in an urban area.”描述可知，人们普遍认为在森林散步可以降低血压。
8．The best title of the passage should be ________．
A．Nitric Oxide Has Magic Functions
B．Walking Barefoot Builds the Body
C．Sunbathing Is Good for Health
D．Outdoor Activities Benefit the Heart
D 解析：标题归纳题。根据全文内容，尤其是第一段中的“Walking barefoot...for your heart.”及最后一段可知，这篇文章的主旨是户外活动有益于心脏。
C
I took a trip to Antarctica last year.
First I flew from Buenos Aires, Argentina, to the city of Rio Gallegos in a military(军事的) plane. Then the plane took me and the others to Marambio base, in Antarctica from Rio Gallegos. During the four-hour trip in the_Hercules,_I was impressed by the ice around us.
As I set foot on Antarctica for the first time in my life, a rush of glory ran through me. The scientists on board told me about the ozone layer(臭氧层) and the British explorer Ernest Shackelton, the second man to set foot on Antarctica. I will never forget what I was told about the ozone layer. I was told it was getting thinner and thinner because of pollution and emission gases, which eventually would change the weather balance in the whole planet. I couldn’t help feeling worried about the future of humans after I heard that.
In Esperanza base there are elementary schools for kids. In Jubany base I saw igloos(拱形圆顶小屋) and it was interesting to learn that only scientists lived there. I was allowed to get near the Antarctic animals. The penguins are my favorite because they are cute and I like the way they stick out their heads in curiosity, the way they walk and how they survive in harsh temperatures. I also saw elephant seals, which from the distance looked like rocks. I was also amazed at watching the amazing humpback whales(座头鲸) for the first time in my life.
After my nine-day trip, I boarded the Hercules to get back. I felt as if I had been on this trip forever because I had lost track of time and space. I also realized that this had been a magical trip.
【解题导语】 作者讲述了自己的南极之旅及所见所闻。
9．What does the underlined part “the Hercules” in Paragraph 2 probably refer to?
A．A ship. B．A plane.
C．A base. D．A city.
B 解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段的“Then the plane took me and the others to Marambio base”以及“I was impressed by the ice around us”可推断，画线部分是指作者他们乘坐的飞机。
10．What the scientists told the author about the ozone layer was ________．
A．interesting B．positive
C．concerning D．useless
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段的“I couldn’t help feeling worried about the future of humans after I heard that.”可知，作者听到这些信息后觉得很担忧。
11．What did the author do after he/she set foot on Antarctica?
A．He/She lived in an igloo.
B．He/She observed some penguins.
C．He/She saw some rocks.
D．He/She played with an elephant seal.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段的“I was allowed to get near the Antarctic animals. The penguins are my favorite”可知，作者在那里观察了一些企鹅。
12．The author most probably considered his/her trip to be ________．
A．disappointing B．relaxing
C．boring D．amazing
D 解析：推理判断题。根据末段的“I also realized that this had been a magical trip.”可知，作者认为这次旅行非常棒。
七选五
If happiness is what you want to be, you must take responsibility and stop expecting things or people to make you happy. You are the source of your own happiness, so stop looking elsewhere. 1.________ Here are a few ways for you to follow：
Be thankful to others. 2.________ It is too easy to take those around us for granted.Show them the same consideration you would like shown to you.
3．________ This goes beyond(超过) politeness; it is a form of giving. Treat everyone you meet as if they have a big sign on their chest saying “make me feel important”. If you do this you will discover a hidden source of joy.
Perform acts of kindness. Don’t wait to be asked.4.________ It doesn’t need to be a big thing, hold the door for a stranger, or smile at anyone you make eye contact with. Look for chances to make others feel good.
Make a decision to be happy. This is the most important step on the road to a happy life. 5.________ You are the key to your own happiness, so go ahead, unlock it once and for all.
A．Respect other people.
B．Be polite to other people.
C．Instead of looking for happiness, start creating it.
D．You can change your feelings by acting the way you want to feel.
E．If you see a chance to do something nice for someone else, do it!
F．Simply make up your mind to be the happiest person you know, and you will be.
G．Be grateful to the people in your life, and practice saying thank you for any politeness they show you.
【解题导语】 自己才是幸福感觉的源泉，不要仅仅从外部寻找幸福的来源，要自己去创造。
1．C 解析：根据上一句“You are the source of your own happiness, so stop looking elsewhere.”可知，自己才是幸福感觉的源泉，所以不要仅仅依赖于外部的东西，而是要自己创造幸福。故选C。
2．G 解析：本段的中心是“Be thankful to others.”，作者的建议是要学会感恩，所以G项内容符合上下文。故选G。
3．A 解析：根据段落所列举的例子可知，本段主要是强调要尊重他人。所以“Respect other people.”是本段的中心。故选A。
4．E 解析：本段的中心是“Perform acts of kindness.”再根据“Don’t wait to be asked.”以及后面的阐述可知，作者建议要主动帮助他人。故选E。
5．F 解析：本段的中心是“Make a decision to be happy.”再根据“You are the key to your own happiness, so go ahead, unlock it once and for all.”可知，幸福要从内心挖掘。故选F。
B卷
阅读理解
Satellites are an important part of our ordinary lives. For example, the information for weather forecasts is sent by satellite. Some satellites have cameras which take photographs of the Earth to show how clouds are moving. Satellites are also used to connect our international phone calls.
Computer connections of the World Wide Web and Internet also use satellites. Many of our TV programs come to us through satellites. Airplane pilots also sometimes use a satellite to help them find their exact location.
We use satellites to send television pictures from one part of the world to another. They are usually 35，880 kilometers above the equator. Sometimes we can see a satellite in the sky and it seems to stay in the same place. This is because it is moving around the world at 11, 000 kilometers an hour—exactly the same speed that the Earth rotates. A satellite must orbit the Earth with its antennae (天线) facing the Earth. Sometimes, it moves away from its orbit, so there are little rockets on it which are used to put the satellite back in the right position. This usually happens about every five or six days.
Space is not empty! Every week, more and more satellites are sent into space to orbit the Earth. A satellite usually works for about 10－12 years. Satellites which are broken are sometimes repaired by astronauts or sometimes brought back to Earth to be repaired. Often, very old or broken satellites are left in space to orbit the Earth for a very long time. This is very serious because some satellites use nuclear power and they can crash into each other.
【解题导语】 卫星不仅在科学探索方面起着重要作用，而且在我们的生活中也起着非常重要的作用。
1．Which of the following is NOT done by satellites according to the passage?
A．Sending information for weather forecasts.
B．Taking photographs of the Earth.
C．Sending TV pictures.
D．Providing food for airplane pilots.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据前三段的内容可知，D项不是卫星做的事情。
2．How fast does the earth rotate?
A．35，880 kilometers per hour.
B．335，880 kilometers per hour.
C．11，000 kilometers per hour.
D．110，000 kilometers per hour.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的第四句话可知。
3．What is the fun_ction of little rockets on a satellite?
A．To send a satellite.
B．To make a satellite in place.
C．To send more pictures.
D．To connect our international phone calls.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的“so there are little rockets on it which are used to put the satellite back in the right position”可知，卫星内安装的小火箭把卫星拉回到正确的位置，故选B。
4．Which of the following is TRUE of satellites?
A．A satellite can be used to send television pictures internationally.
B．Every time a satellite gets broken, it is brought back to the Earth to be repaired.
C．A broken satellite is never left in space.
D．They often crash into each other.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的“We use satellites to send television pictures from one part of the world to another.”可知A项正确。
完形填空
I am far from ready to use online courses.Don’t get me 1 ．I am very happy about the 2 opportunities the courses have given us.But for me those opportunities should not be used to 3 classroom activities.In other words，they are only tools to help me learn what has already been 4 in the classroom.
I love the classroom.I love having classmates.There are forty students in my class right now，and I think it’s great. 5 ， let’s not forget the smell of ink on paper, the hardness of a wooden bench，or the 6 of chalk on a blackboard.I love all of them.But most of all，I love having a 7 ， with whom I can talk 8 ．When I am in the classroom with a good teacher I become 9 ．
What makes having a classroom teacher so 10 ？ A good teacher 11 me when I have done well and 12 me when I am down.I don’t 13 that a teacher using a virtual(虚拟的) classroom can reach out to me in the same way.A teacher 14 through the Internet cannot share the same type of 15 a classroom teacher and students share.
I guess that I am lucky to have had 16 to so many excellent classroom teachers.I will never forget the 17 my teachers showed me when I was in difficulties.Their examples make it hard for me to accept a way of learning that does not 18 them.You can call me 19 ，but as long as there is a 20 ，that’s where I will be learning.
【解题导语】 作者主要谈论了同网络教学相比，在传统教室里学习的种种好处。
1．A．angry B．nervous
C．wrong D．worried
C 解析：由该空后面的I am very happy about...the courses have given us.可知，虽然“我”还远未准备好利用在线课程，但是别误会“我”，对于这些课程给我们所提供的机会“我”还是感到非常高兴的。Don’t get me wrong表示“不要误会我”。
2．A．career B．business
C．scoring D．learning
D 解析：由下文的help me learn...in the classroom可知，这里是说“学习(learning)”的机会。
3．A．attach B．replace
C．increase D．analyze
B 解析：由下文所讲的在学校里学习的种种好处可知，这里是说：但对“我”来说这些机会不应该被用来“取代(replace)”课堂活动。
4．A．offered B．invented
C．bought D．ordered
A 解析：它们只是一种工具，可以用来帮助“我”学习那些在教室里已经“提供(offered)”的知识。
5．A．Instead B．Besides
C．However D．Therefore
B 解析：该句是对前面内容的进一步补充，故填Besides。
6．A．price B．quality
C．sound D．source
C 解析：由该空前的let’s not forget the smell of ink on paper, the hardness of a wooden bench和该空后的I love all of them.可知，作者喜欢听用粉笔在黑板上书写的“声音(sound)”。
7．A．friend B．brother
C．child D．teacher
D 解析：参见下题解析。
8．A．face to face B．back to back
C．one by one D．day by day
A 解析：“我”喜欢和“老师(teacher)”“面对面地(face to face)”交流。
9．A．quiet B．brave
C．amused D．excited
D 解析：由上文相关内容可知，“我”喜欢真实的教室和教室里的一切，所以当“我”和一位好老师在教室的时候，“我”会很“兴奋(excited)”。
10．A．strange B．special
C．difficult D．awkward
B 解析：由本段内容可知，同那些通过网络来进行教学的老师相比，传统教室里的老师有其“特别(special)”之处。
11．A．blames B．refuses
C．praises D．invites
C 解析：由该空后的when I have done well可知，一位好老师在“我”表现好的时候会“表扬(praises)”“我”。
12．A．encourages B．promises
C．ignores D．controls
A 解析：由该空后的when I am down可知，一位好老师在“我”失落的时候会“鼓励(encourages)”“我”。
13．A．admit B．hope
C．regret D．believe
D 解析：由该空后的a teacher...in the same way和上文中作者对网络在线课程的看法可知，“我”不“相信(believe)”通过虚拟教室教学的老师能以同样的方式来对“我”进行表扬或是鼓励。
14．A．competing B．communicating
C．entertaining D．celebrating
B 解析：参见下题解析。
15．A．agreement B．judgement
C．scholarship D．relationship
D 解析：通过互联网和学生“交流(communicating)”的老师无法分享到真实教室里的师生所拥有的那种“关系(relationship)”。
16．A．access B．attraction
C．reaction D．resistance
A 解析：“我”很幸运能够在学校里接触到这么多优秀的老师。have access to接近……的机会。
17．A．honesty B．shyness
C．kindness D．politeness
C 解析：由该空后的when I was in difficulties可知，“我”永远不会忘了在“我”有困难的时候老师们的“善举(kindness)”。
18．A．ask B．include
C．pay D．admire
B 解析：这些例子让“我”难以接受一种没有这些老师的学习方式，故填include。
19．A．cold-blooded B．short-sighted
C．old-fashioned D．self-satisfied
C 解析：由上文作者所陈述的观点可知，这里是说：你可以说“我”是“守旧的(old-fashioned)”。
20．A．classroom B．library
C．lake D．car
A 解析：总览全文可知，作者主要谈论了在教室里学习的种种好处，故填classroom。
语法填空
The Pacific Ocean
The Pacific Ocean is the 1.____________(large) of the Earth’s oceans, covering about 46% of the Earth’s water surface and 32% of its total surface area.It extends 2.____________the Arctic in the north to the Antarctica in the south, 3.____________(surround) by Asia and Australia in the west and the Americas in the east.
The Pacific Ocean contains about 25，000 islands. The 4.____________(major) of them are found south of the equator.5.____________ water near the equator is less salty than that found in the midlatitudes(中纬度) for 6.____________(abundance) equatorial precipitation(赤道降水) throughout the year.
The surface circulation of Pacific waters is 7.____________(general) clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and counterclockwise in the Southern Hemisphere.
The exploitation of the Pacific’s mineral wealth is various, 8.____________ is influenced by the ocean’s great depths. In shallow waters off the coasts of Australia and New Zealand, natural gas is produced, and pearls 9.____________(harvest) along the coasts of Australia, Japan and the Philippines. One more thing worth 10.____________(mention) is that the Pacific’s greatest wealth is its fish.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文， 主要介绍了世界上最大的大洋——太平洋。
1．largest 解析：考查形容词最高级。根据句意及空前的 “the” 可知， 此处应该使用形容词的最高级形式。
2．from 解析：考查介词。此处指它从北半球的北极地区延伸到南半球的南极地区。from与后面的 “to” 形成对应。
3．surrounded 解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作伴随状语， 且由空格后的 “by” 可知， 此处指的是太平洋被围绕， 表被动， 故应用过去分词。
4．majority 解析：考查名词。由空前的 “The” 和空后的 “of” 可知， 这里应填一个名词。major本身可以作名词， 表示 “专业”， 显然不符合语境。此处应用majority “大部分”。
5．The 解析：考查冠词。根据water后面的修饰语 “near the equator” 可知， 此处应用定冠词The表特指。
6．abundant 解析：考查形容词。根据语境和句子结构可知， 空处在句中作定语修饰名词， 故应用其形容词形式。
7．generally 解析：考查副词。此处表示通常， 太平洋水域的表面循环在北半球是顺时针方向的， 在南半球是逆时针方向的。应用副词修饰整个句子， 故用generally。
8．which 解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知， 空处在句中引导非限制性定语从句， 修饰先行词The exploitation, 且在从句中作主语， 故只能用which。
9．are harvested 解析：考查动词的时态和语态。根据句子结构可知， pearls与harvest之间是被动关系， 应用被动语态， 且本文的基本时态为一般现在时， 故此处也需用一般现在时， 故填are harvested。
10．mentioning 解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知， 空处在句中作worth的宾语， worth后接动词时应用其v.-ing形式， 即用主动形式表被动含义。worth doing sth. “值得做某事”。
Section Ⅱ Welcome to the unit & Reading—Language Points
rather than 而不是
(教材P33)Abstract art is about shapes and colours rather than objects.
抽象艺术是关于形状和颜色而不是物品的艺术。
(1)rather than是一个连词，常用来连接平行结构，即前面是名词， 后面也跟名词；前面是动词原形，后面也要跟动词原形。
(2)rather than连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与rather than前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。
①We can achieve a lot when we learn to let our differences unite, rather than divide us.
当我们学会让我们的差异结合起来而不是将我们分离的时候，我们就会获得很多。
②Very quickly, she learned to appreciate life rather than to_judge(judge) everything so harshly.
很快，她学会了感激生活，而不是刻薄地判断所有事情。
③I think Tom, rather than you, is(be) to blame.
我认为不是你，而是汤姆应受到责备。
④His poetry is marked with fancy rather than imagination(imagine)．
与其说他的诗歌想象丰富，还不如说是幻想。
settle in 安放；安顿；使(自己)安下心来；适应；解决；定居
(教材P34)Of course, even though Picasso was Spanish, he left Spain while he was still a young and struggling artist, and settled in Paris, France.
当然，尽管毕加索是西班牙人，但是当他还是一名年轻而又苦苦挣扎的艺术家时，他离开了西班牙，定居在了法国巴黎。
(1)settle v． 解决；安排；(使)定居；(使)沉淀
settle down (使)安顿下来，(使)安心下来
settle down to sth. 专心致志于……
settle oneself 使某人自己稳定/冷静下来
(2)settler n． 定居者；殖民者
settlement n. 殖民；殖民地
①He settled his child in a corner of the compartment.
他把孩子安放在包厢的一个角落里。
②After the excitement, I tried to settle myself(I)．
兴奋之余，我努力让自己冷静下来。
③He wants me to settle down,_but now I want him to find an adventure.
他想让我安顿下来，但是现在我想让他冒一次险。
[巧学活用]——完成句子
(1)我认为如果你付出两倍的努力， 问题就会立刻解决。
If you double your efforts, I think, the problems can_be_settled_in no time.
(2)在很多城市生活过，这对夫妇决定在沿海城市定居。
Having lived in several cities, the couple decided to settle_down in the coastal town.
calculate vt.& vi.计算；推测；估算，估计；计划，安排
(教材P34)By popular consensus, this is the most valuable painting in the world—it is impossible to calculate what price it would fetch if it ever came on the market.
人们一致认为，这是世上最有价值的一幅画——如果在市场上，也不可能估计它会达到怎样的价格。
(1)It is calculated that... 据估算……
calculate on 指望，依靠
calculate that... 估算……
(2)calculated adj. 全盘衡量过的，精心策划的
calculating adj. 精明的，精于算计的
calculation n. 计算；预测
calculator n. 计算器
①You need to calculate how much time the assignment will take. 你需要计算出这项任务要花费多少时间。
②It_was_calculated_that at least 47, 000 jobs were lost last year.
据估算去年至少失去了47 000个工作岗位。
③Don’t calculate on his younger brother coming on time.
别指望他弟弟能按时到达。
④After much calculation(calculate), they offered him the job.
经过慎重考虑，他们把这项工作交给他了。
range from...to 从……到……变化不等；
在……和……之间变化
(教材P34)Besides the works of da Vinci, the Louvre Museum has more than 6, 000 other European paintings, ranging from the 13th century to the 19th century.
除了达·芬奇的作品，卢浮宫还藏有6 000余件其他欧洲画家的画作，时间跨度从13世纪到19世纪。
(1)range vt.&vi. 在……范围内变化；排列；
整理分类
range over 涉及，包括
(2)range n. 山脉；一系列；范围， 区域；
射程
a range of 一系列……
out of/beyond range 在射程外
within/in the range of 在……范围内；在射程内
out of one’s range 能力达不到的；知识以外的
①As a result, humans developed a range of character types that still exists today.
因此，人们形成的一系列不同类型的性格，今天依然存在。
②She is still within range of my gun.
她仍在我枪的射程之内。
③My eyes range over the crowded room, seeking a familiar face.
我的眼睛扫视挤满了人的房间， 想找到一张熟悉的面孔。
[巧学活用]——完成句子
如果你参加我们的夏令营， 你将会有多种选择来开拓你的视野。
If you take part in our summer camp, you’ll have_a_wide_range_of_choices to broaden your horizons.
be typical of 是……的特点
(教材P35)His paintings were typical of a style called Impressionism. 他的作品是典型的印象派风格。
(1)It is typical of sb.to do sth. 做某事是某人的典型特征。
(2)typically adv. 典型地；有代表性地
①The picture is typical of its kind.
这幅画是这类绘画中的代表。
②It_is_typical_of students to stay up reading till late night before the final exam.
在考试前熬夜读书是学生的典型特点。
③Typically(typical), he would come in late and then said that he had to go early.
他一向是来得很晚，然后又总说他得早走。
[巧学活用]——一句多译
她就是这样，出门时总是忘记带钥匙。
(1)It_is_typical_of_her_to_forget her keys when she leaves her house.(typical)
(2)Typically,_she_always_forgets_her keys when she leaves her house.(typically)
shadow n．阴影，影子；阴暗处
(教材P35)With Impressionism, the painter abandons the idea of representing things exactly as they look in a photograph, but seeks to show movement and the feelings of the moment, through the use of colours, light and shadows. 作为印象派，画家(莫奈)放弃了要按着在图片中看上去的样子表现实物的想法，设法通过色彩、光线和影子来显现当时的活动及感情。
(1)in the shadows 在暗处
in the shadow of 在……近旁；被……所
掩盖；在……阴影的笼罩下
cast a shadow over/on 投影子在……上；影子映在……
without/beyond a shadow of a doubt 毫无疑问
(2)shadow vt. 跟踪，尾随，盯……的梢；遮住
①I looked quickly around the shadows of the forest.
我快速地环顾了一下森林的阴暗处。
②The house casts a long shadow on the lawn.
这房子在草坪上投下长长的影子。
③He employed a detective to_shadow(shadow) his wife.
他雇用了一名私人侦探去跟踪他的夫人。
shadow
“阴影，影子”，指因挡住光线而形成的阴影，指的是一个平面
shade
“荫，背阴处”，指任何遮住阳光的地方，指的是一个立体空间
[巧学活用]——用上述词语填空
(1)The shadows lengthened as the sun went down.
(2)The trees provide shade for the animals in the summer.
commit vt.&vi.全心全意投入；承诺，保证；犯罪，犯错；委托，交托
(教材P35)Unfortunately，although van Gogh committed his whole being to painting，he received little reward for his effort.
遗憾的是，尽管凡·高全身心地投入绘画，他的努力所得到的回报却微乎其微。
(1)commit sb.to (doing) sth. 承诺某人(做)某事
commit sth.to sth. 把……投入……
commit suicide/a crime/a murder 自杀/犯罪/谋杀
commit oneself to... 献身于……；专心致志于……
(2)commitment n． 承诺，保证
make a commitment 做出承诺
①The boy was committed to his uncle’s care.
这个男孩被委托给他的叔叔照管。
②If you are serious about our relationship, you should make a commitment(commit)．
如果你对我们的关系很认真，你就应该给个承诺。
reward n．回报，报酬，奖励 vt.奖励，给以报酬
(教材P35)Unfortunately，although van Gogh committed his whole being to painting，he received little reward for his effort.
遗憾的是，尽管凡·高全身心地投入绘画，他的努力所得到的回报却微乎其微。
(1)reward sb.for (doing)... 为(做)……奖赏……
reward sb.with sth. 为……奖赏……
(2)a reward for... ……的奖励/回报
as a reward for 作为对……的奖赏/报酬
in reward for 为酬谢……作为奖励
(3)rewarding adj. 值得做的，有益的
①He was given a reward for his contribution to science.
他因对科学做出的贡献而获得了奖励。
②As a reward for passing his exams, he got a new bike from his parents.
作为对他通过考试的奖赏， 他父母给他买了辆新的自行车。
③The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts will be rewarded with success in the end.
这些学生们一直在刻苦学习功课， 他们的努力最终会得到回报的。
④I’d like to do something in reward for her kindness.
我想做点什么报答她的好意。
[巧学活用]——一句多译
我送给他一本从上海买的书来答谢他的帮助。
(1)I gave him a book bought from Shanghai in_reward_for his help.(reward n．)
(2)As_a_reward_for_his_help，I gave him a book which was bought from Shanghai.(reward n．)
(3)I rewarded_him_with a book which I bought from Shanghai for his help.(reward v．)
(教材P34)As you know，I am with my aunt and grandmother.
正如你所知道的，我是跟我姑妈和奶奶一起来的。
(1)句中as引导的是非限制性定语从句，并在从句中作宾语，指后面句子的内容。
(2)as引导的非限制性定语从句常译作“正如……那样”。
①As is known to all, he is the best tennis player in the world.
众所周知，他是世界上最好的网球选手。
②He won the Best Actor at the film festival this year, as we had expected.
正如我们预料的一样，他在今年的电影节上获得了最佳男演员奖。
③The number of smokers, as is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.
正如所报道的，烟民的数量仅仅在一年内就下降了17%。
which引导定语从句代指前面整句话内容，只能位于句后。
④After graduating from college, I took some time off to go travelling, which turned out to be a wise decision.
大学毕业后我抽出一部分时间去旅游，事实证明这是一个明智的选择。
(教材P34)I was amazed to learn that Picasso had an output of more than 20, 000 pieces of art.
我惊讶地得知，毕加索一生创作了20 000多件艺术作品。
(1)本句使用了“be＋形容词＋不定式”这一常用句型。
(2)动词不定式的几种特殊结构：
①for sb.to do 还是of sb.to do
“介词＋逻辑主语＋不定式”结构称为不定式复合结构，介词可用for或of。当形式主语句型中的表语是形容词，来描述不定式动作时，逻辑主语之前使用for；当它描述不定式的逻辑主语，说明其品质、特征或属性时，要用of，常见形容词有good，nice，clever，wise，foolish，stupid，honest，kind，polite，careful，cruel，brave，crazy等。
②too ...to结构
在英语中，“too＋adj./adv.＋to do sth.”结构表示否定意义，意为“太……而不能……”。也可用so...that句型来表示，但that从句必须用否定形式。
①I was amazed to see how much she had changed.
看到她巨大的变化我感到很惊讶。
②I am sorry to_hear(hear) that.
我听到这件事感到很遗憾。
③You’re too young to understand such things.
＝You’re so_young_that you can’t understand such things.你太小了，还不能理解这些事情。
在下列情况下，too...to结构表示肯定意义：
(1)某些形容词与too...to 连用表示肯定意义，too相当于very much。这些形容词多是表示心情的词和描述性的形容词。如：ready，glad，pleased，surprised，delighted，happy，easy，eager，thankful，anxious，willing，good，kind，true等。
(2)在too前加上only，but，all，simply或just时，too...to结构表示肯定意义。
(教材P34)He did not just paint, but made sculptures and worked with all kinds of media.
他不仅仅画画，还创作雕塑， 利用各种材料创作作品。
本句为not just...but (also)结构， 意为“不但……而且……”，相当于not only...but (also)，在句中连接对等的成分。
(1)若连接两个成分作主语，其谓语动词形式通常与靠近的主语保持一致。
(2)若连接两个句子， not only置于句首时，其所在的分句要用部分倒装。
①She not just/only plays well, but also writes music.
她不仅很会演奏，而且还会作曲。
②He has not only finished his own task, but_also helped others with theirs. 他不仅完成了自己的任务，还帮助别人完成了他们的任务。
③Not only you but also he has(have) to finish English homework today.
不但你，还有他今天必须完成英语作业。
④Not only has(have) he figured out the answer to this question, but he has seriously written it on the paper.
他不仅想出了这个问题的答案，而且认真地写在了纸上。
(教材P35)Unfortunately，although van Gogh committed his whole being to painting，he received little reward for his effort. 遗憾的是，尽管凡·高全身心地投入绘画，他的努力所得到的回报却微乎其微。
本句是复合句，句中含有一个although引导的让步状语从句。
四者都可以引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然；尽管”
although
引导让步状语从句多位于句首，用陈述语气
though
引导的让步状语从句可以倒装也可以不倒装
as
引导的让步状语从句须用倒装语序，即把(作表语的)名词(前不用冠词)、形容词、副词及助动词和情态动词后面的动词原形提到句首
while
引导让步状语从句，用陈述语气，和主句有对比含义，放在主句之前
①Although they began with a small restaurant, they had big dreams, and they worked together.
尽管他们以一个小饭店开始，但他们有远大梦想并且团结一致。
②I will try it, though I may fail.
尽管可能失败，我也要试一下。
③Unsatisfied as he was with the payment, he took the job just to get some work experience.
尽管对工资不满意， 为了获取些工作经验他还是接下了这份工作。
④White-collar workers in China are willing to postpone their retirement age while blue-collar workers perfer to retire early.
在中国，白领愿意推迟退休年龄而蓝领则更希望早退休。
品句填词
It is expected that the ____________(产量) of grain will increase by 10% compared with that in the previous year.
答案：output
Eggs are classified by weight as Extra Large，Large, ____________(中等的) and Small.
答案：Medium
Some people say beauty itself is ____________(抽象的), but I don’t agree.
答案：abstract
The design of modern ____________(建筑) concentrates on usefulness rather than decoration.
答案：architecture
There’s now a ____________(一致) nearly all over the world that we’re facing a fragile world peace.
答案：consensus
The loss caused by the latest typhoon couldn’t be ____________(计算) accurately, but it is believed to have reached billions.
答案：calculated
The disease is spreading all over the world at a shocking speed.Where its dark ____________(阴影) appears, we see pain, tears and death.
答案：shadow
If you ____________(犯) a crime, you will deserve punishment.
答案：commit
As a ____________(报酬) for his contribution to botany, John Banks had a flower named after him.
答案：reward
The ____________(代理商) was about to sign his name on the document when, to our surprise, a stranger broke in to prevent him.
答案：agent
单句改错
1．Which you expected, he turned up on time.
____________________
答案：Which→As
2．Not just you but he like the country music very much.
____________________
答案：like→likes
3．I’m afraid the box is so heavy for you to carry it.
____________________
答案：so→too
4．Do you think the water is safe drink?
____________________
答案：safe后加to
5．Boy although he is, he likes to play with girls.
____________________
答案：although→as或though
完成句子
正像她的工作所表明的，她是非常细心的。
She is very careful, ________________________．
答案：as her work shows
她得知那门课没有考及格时很沮丧。
She ____________________________________ that she had failed the course.
答案：was disappointed to learn
尽管他拥有的知识是有限的，但是这个老工人经验很丰富。
________________________________________________ is limited，the old worker has a lot of experience.
答案：Although the knowledge he possesses
4．抢重活干就是他的特点。
________________________ him to take hard jobs.
答案：It is typical of
5．他不仅讲得更正确，也讲得更流利了。
__________________________________ more correctly, __________________ more fluently.
答案：Not only did he speak；but he spoke
课文语法填空
The passage is a letter to Yang Yan from Li Ming，1.____________ is now in Amsterdam with his aunt and grandmother. He wrote the letter 2.____________(describe) his trip. They first went to Spain，which is home to Picasso. He 3.____________(amaze) to learn that Picasso did not just paint，but made sculptures and worked 4.____________ all kinds of media. Picasso left Spain and settled in Paris while young. So they went to Paris after 5.____________(visit) Spain. At the Louvre Museum，they saw the Mona Lisa，6.____________，by popular consensus，is the most 7.____________(value) painting. Eager 8.____________(see) the works of Claude Monet，they went to Musée d’Orsay. Monet’s paintings were typical of Impressionism. They also visited another Impressionist，van Gogh. His paintings are worth upwards of 9.____________(million) of dollars each but could only be sold one when he was 10.____________(live)．
答案：1.who 2.to describe 3.was amazed 4.with
5．visiting 6.which 7.valuable 8.to see 9.millions 10.alive
A卷
单句语法填空
1．Successful ____________ he is，he is not proud.
答案：as
2．Not only you but he is ____________(blame) for it.
答案：to blame
3．He found it difficult ____________(stop) smoking.
答案：to stop
4．It is typical of John ____________(think) about helping others in this way.
答案：to think
5．They made the wrong ____________(calculate) of their situation.
答案：calculation
6．The frontier ranges ____________ the northern hills to the southern coast.
答案：from
7．They rewarded the winners ____________ gifts of fruits and flowers.
答案：with
8．He always gives priority to others rather than ____________ himself.
答案：to
9．He had to live ____________ the shadow of his famous father.
答案：in
10．He committed ____________(he) to the task body and soul.
答案：himself
阅读理解
More often than not, people will look at the phone screen to check for new messages or have a quick look at Facebook. Researchers have now found why we often feel such a strong need to look at our phones. Using the mobile phone, they say, is contagious(传染的)．
A team says people are twice as likely to pull out their phones to check their text messages or e-mails if they’re with someone that has just done the same. They also found that women were more likely to use their mobile phones than men. The team watched students in dining halls and coffee shops around the college, observing pairs of college students sitting at tables for as long as 20 minutes and recording their cellphone use.“What we found most interesting was just how often people were using their mobile phones，”Dr. Daniel Kruger, the study’s co-author, said.“Every person we studied used his or her phone at least once while one woman was on hers about half of the time. People saw others checking their incoming messages and began to check their own.”
“Cellphones create another choice for one’s attention and may both support and disagree with live social activities，”the researchers wrote. Kruger believed this could be explained by the effects of social inclusion(包含) and exclusion(排除). If one person in a pair starts a conversation through his phone, the other one may feel excluded and then feel the need to get in touch with others so as not to feel left out.
The researchers note that they might not get the same result in a study of different people—for example, older adults, who may not have a habit of using cellphones so often.
【解题导语】 研究发现，每当看见别人看手机，我们也总有翻看手机的冲动，这说明使用手机具有传染性。
1．From the study we can learn that ________．
A．people can affect each other in using mobile phones
B．using mobile phones has nothing to do with social activities
C．men are more likely to be affected by others’ using mobile phones
D．the sound of mobile phones makes using mobile phones contagious
A 解析：推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，研究发现使用手机具有传染性，由此可知答案为A。
2．If old adults are studied, the researchers ________．
A．will find that old adults don’t like to use mobile phones
B．will find that mobile phones are harmful to health
C．will no longer like using mobile phones
D．may reach a different result
D 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“they might not get the same result in a study of different people”可知，研究不同的人群会得出不同的研究结果。
3．Which can best describe the author’s attitude towards using mobile phones?
A．Supportive. B．Objective.
C．Indifferent. D．Opposed.
B 解析：观点态度题。本文客观陈述了一项研究发现，由此可知答案为B。
4．Which can be the best title for the passage?
A．How to Use Mobile Phones Correctly
B．Why College Students Like Mobile Phones
C．Relation Between Mobile Phones and People’s Hobbies
D．Something Interesting about the Habit of Using Mobile Phones
D 解析：标题归纳题。本文陈述的是关于使用手机方面的一些有趣的研究结果，故Something Interesting about the Habit of Using Mobile Phones最适合做文章标题。
完形填空
(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)When I was 13 my only purpose was to become the star on our football team. That meant 1 Miller King, who was the best 2 at our school.
Football season started in September and all summer long I worked out. I carried my football everywhere for 3 ．
Just before September, Miller was struck by a car and lost his right arm. I went to see him after he came back from 4 . He looked very 5 ， but he didn’t cry.
That season, I 6 all of Miller’s records while he 7 the home games from the bench. We went 10－1 and I was named most valuable player, 8 I often had crazy dreams in which I was to blame for Miller’s 9 ．
One afternoon, I was crossing the field to go home and saw Miller 10 going over a fence—which wasn’t 11 to climb if you had both arms. I’m sure I was the last person in the world he wanted to accept 12 from. But even that challenge he accepted. I 13 him move slowly over the fence. When we were finally 14 on the other side, he said to me, “You know, I didn’t tell you this during the season, but you did 15 ．Thank you for filling in for 16 ．”
His words freed me from my bad 17 . I thought to myself, how even without an arm he was more of a leader. Damaged but not defeated, he was 18 ahead of me. I was right to have 19 him. From that day on，I grew 20 and a little more real.
【解题导语】 文章讲述了作者通过刻苦训练，最终实现了成为学校足球队的明星球员的目标。
1．A．cheering for B．beating out
C．relying on D．staying with
B 解析：文章首句“When I was 13 my only purpose was to become the star on our football team.”提到，我13岁时唯一的目标就是成为学校足球队的明星。结合下文的“Miller King，who was the best”可推断出Miller King是我们学校最出色的足球运动员(player)，而实现我的目标就意味着打败(beating out)他。
2．A．coach B．student
C．teacher D．player
D 解析：参见上题解析。
3．A．practice B．show
C．comfort D．pleasure
A 解析：根据上文的“all summer long I worked out”可知，此处表示我到哪里都带着足球练习。
4．A．school B．vacation
C．hospital D．training
C 解析：根据本段中的“Miller was struck by a car and lost his right arm”可以推断出，我在Miller出院后去看了他。C项符合语境。
5．A．pale B．calm
C．relaxed D．ashamed
A 解析：Miller出了车祸失去了右臂，根据常识可知，这里指Miller出院后脸色苍白(pale)，却没有哭。
6．A．held B．broke
C．set D．tried
B 解析：根据下文的“I was named most valuable player”可知，我被提名为最有价值的球员，故可推断出我打破(broke)了Miller的所有纪录。
7．A．reported B．judged
C．organized D．watched
D 解析：Miller出车祸后不能再像往常一样踢球，因此只能坐在运动员休息区看(watched)主场比赛。
8．A．and B．then
C．but D．thus
C 解析：空前的“I was named most valuable player”与空后的“I often had crazy dreams in which I was to blame”语义间存在转折关系，故用but。
9．A．decision B．mistake
C．accident D．sacrifice
C 解析：此处指我经常做一些疯狂的梦。在梦中，我是Miller车祸的肇事者。根据上文可知Miller出了车祸，故这里选accident。
10．A．stuck B．hurt
C．tired D．lost
A 解析：Miller由于失去了右臂，因此独自一人很难翻越围栏。stuck在此作形容词，表状态，指Miller无法翻越围栏，被卡住了动不了。
11．A．steady B．hard
C．fun D．fit
B 解析：通过本句话即可判断出答案，要是双臂健全，翻越这个围栏并不困难。
12．A．praise B．advice
C．assistance D．apology
C 解析：我一直梦想打败Miller，就在九月前Miller出了车祸，只能坐在休息区看比赛无法上场，而我却在场上破了他所有纪录还被提名最有价值球员，所以我肯定他最不想接受我的帮助。assistance符合语境。
13．A．let B．helped
C．had D．noticed
B 解析：根据上文可知Miller接受了我的帮助，故这里指我帮助(helped)他慢慢翻越围栏。
14．A．dropped B．ready
C．trapped D．safe
D 解析：在我的帮助下，我们最终安全地翻越了围栏。
15．A．fine B．wrong
C．quickly D．normally
A 解析：Miller说我本赛季踢得不错，故选择fine。
16．A．us B．yourself
C．me D．them
C 解析：这里指Miller感谢我临时取代(fill in for)他参加比赛，故C项符合语境。
17．A．memories B．ideas
C．attitudes D．dreams
D 解析：这里指Miller感谢我的话让我从先前的噩梦中解脱出来。
18．A．still B．also
C．yet D．just
A 解析：Miller身残志坚，他仍然领先于我。
19．A．challenged B．cured
C．invited D．admired
D 解析：与文章首段呼应，表示我对Miller的钦佩和仰慕是正确的。
20．A．healthier B．bigger
C．cleverer D．cooler
B 解析：从那天起，我不断地成长，越加真实。
B卷
阅读理解
A
Reading Lamp
Price: ￡49
If you buy 2 or more, you can get an extra 5% off and free delivery.
Order before 3 pm for same day dispatch(发货)．
Simulates(模拟) natural sunlight
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·Clear, bright flash－free light
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·Brightens your mood
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【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。本文主要在介绍一款阅读灯的价格、型号、订购、发货及产品特色。
1．If you buy two reading lamps and a spare bulb, how much should you pay?
A．￡93.1. B．￡98.
C．￡101. D．￡105.9.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据文中的“Price：￡49.If you buy 2 or more, you can get an extra 5% off and free delivery.”及“Also available is a spare bulb for just ￡7.9.”可知，49×2×95%＋7.9＝101。故选C。
2．If you have placed your order on Tuesday evening, your lamp will most probably be sent________．
A．on Tuesday evening
B．on Wednesday morning
C．next Monday
D．before 3 pm next Tuesday
B 解析：推理判断题。根据文中的“Order before 3 pm for same day dispatch(发货)．”可推知，如果你在下午3点后下订单的话，发货就要等到第二天了。故选B。
3．The text is probably taken from ________．
A．a news report
B．a science magazine
C．a product description
D．a shopping website
D 解析： 文章出处题。通读全文可知，本文主要在介绍一款阅读灯的价格、型号、订购、发货及产品特色，因此本文极可能来自于一个购物网站。故选D。
B
It is a tiny portrait of one of the most powerful women of the Renaissance. And for more than 50 years the old BBC journalist Charles Wheeler kept the picture of Eleonora of Toledo on his bookshelf.
But yesterday Wheeler returned the painting to Berlin’s Gem?ldegalerie after discovering that it was a priceless original looted(掠夺) from the museum during the Second World War, not a copy as he had thought.
Wheeler, 83, acquired the 16th-century portrait by the Florentine artist Alessandro Allori from a German farmer who dropped in to the BBC’s West Berlin office.“It was 1952. At the time people could move freely between East and West，”he said yesterday.“We were doing a programme called Letters Without Signature, where people living in the eastern zone could write a letter. The farmer reached into his pocket, took out a brown envelope and said it was a wedding present for me.”The farmer claimed he had got it from a Russian soldier in exchange for two sacks of potatoes to make vodka. Over the next 50-plus years Wheeler, one of the BBC’s most distinguished foreign journalists, took the miniature(小画像) with him.“I was burgled four times over the years，”he said.“People were always taking my TV and radio. But they ignored the painting.”
It was only last year while making a BBC radio series on missing art that Wheeler realised the painting could have been stolen. After contacting the London-based Commission for Looted Art in Europe, the work was swiftly identified as a minor masterpiece and returned yesterday to Berlin’s picture gallery, where it was last seen in 1939.
Yesterday Anne Webber, co-chair of the commission, hailed(赞扬) the work as one of the“earliest diplomatic portraits of a woman”．“It’s a charming painting，”she said. The miniature depicts(描绘) Eleonora of Toledo，whose husband Cosimo de Medici was one of Renaissance Italy’s most powerful men.
【解题导语】 一位记者得到一幅意大利文艺复兴时期一位妇女的画像，但他以为是复制品，因此并没有在意。在保存了50多年以后，他最后得知画像是柏林艺术馆在二战中被盗的真品，于是他把这幅画归还给了该艺术馆。
4．Charles Wheeler kept the miniature on his bookshelf because________．
A．he thought it was of little value
B．he thought it would be safer there
C．he liked the picture very much
D．he wanted it to be seen by others
A 解析：细节理解题。从第二段最后可知，这位BBC记者本来以为这是一件复制品，并没有重视。
5．The miniature was probably taken from the Berlin’s picture gallery by________．
A．a burglar
B．a German farmer
C．a Russian soldier
D．a worker at the gallery
C 解析：推理判断题。由第三段可知，这幅画是一个德国农民从一个俄国士兵手中用两袋土豆换来的。由此可以推断，该画很可能在战乱中落入一个俄国士兵手中。
6．In what way is the miniature considered to be priceless?
A．It survived the Second World War.
B．It depicts a powerful woman of the Renaissance.
C．It is a masterpiece by a famous artist in Germany.
D．It was painted more than 50 years ago.
B 解析：推理判断题。从第一段和最后一段可知，这是一幅意大利文艺复兴时期一位重要妇女的画像，它具有重大意义。
7．From the passage we can learn________．
A．the painting was drawn by a woman of the Renaissance
B．Allori gave the journalist the painting as a wedding present
C．Charles Wheeler has kept the painting for over 50 years
D．Eleonora of Toledo was one of the most powerful men in Italy
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段和第三段中的倒数第三句话可知，他保存这幅画已经50多年了。
七选五
Why do many people take vacations frequently? We need to take time out from work to relax，and just be ourselves.1.________ We should all be allowed to leave our jobs behind us—at least for a few weeks each year—and just have fun. This might be something as simple as reading a good book in front of a warm fireplace through to traveling to the most interesting places on our planet.
Whatever we fancy doing is worth taking time out for.
As we know, workplace stress is on the rise.2.________ These include disease, depression and even death. We all seem to be running from one place to the next, never finding out where we want to go in the first place. I intend to break that trend in the coming days.3.________ I will sleep late, write, watch movies, drink the occasional glass of wine, and eat to my heart’s content, ignoring calorie counting. My plan is to just enjoy the fleeting(飞逝的) moments of being alive.
4．________ Spend your next vacation the way you want. Do what will restore your mental health.You’re very valuable to the people who are close to you, and to those who depend on it. Like it or not, we are all interdependent(互相依存的) in this great life of ours.There’s no doubt that you are valuable. Just remember that the next time you look at a mirror and take a deep breath. Remind yourself that there will never be anyone like you ever on this earth again. 5.________ All you have to do is just ask yourself what you want to do.
A．Draw up a detailed plan so that you can see more.
B．With it come many health problems.
C．When you finally get home you’ll be greatly refreshed.
D．Life is not all about work, or at least it shouldn’t be.
E．And only you know how to take a vacation in your way.
F．I challenge each one of you to do the same.
G．For my next holiday，I will do all the things that I love doing.
【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了工作不应该是生活的全部，我们应该花时间去度假。
1．D 解析：根据本空后的“We should all be allowed to leave our jobs behind us”可知，此处是说工作不应该是生活的全部，故D项符合语境。
2．B 解析：根据本空后的“These include disease, depression and even death.”可知，此处是说工作压力会带来很多健康问题，故B项符合语境。
3．G 解析：根据本空后的“I will sleep late, write, watch movies, drink the occasional glass of wine, and eat to my heart’s content, ignoring calorie counting. ”可知，此处是说我要在假期里做自己喜欢的事情，故G项符合语境。
4．F 解析：根据本空后的“Spend your next vacation the way you want. Do what will restore your mental health.”可知，此处是说我建议每个人都这样做，故F项符合语境。
5．E 解析：根据本空前的“Remind yourself that there will never be anyone like you ever on this earth again. ”可知，此处承接上文，是说只有你自己知道怎样按自己的方式度假，故E项符合语境。
短文改错
Last Friday，our class had invited a well-known artist to teach us how to draw a lotus in traditional Chinese style.
As soon as an artist came into the classroom，he was given a warm welcome，what made him so happy.All of us wore big smiles.First，he showed us some skillful ways of draw a lotus.We circled around him and watched him careful.Then we made an attempt to do it by us under his instructions.Finally，because my excellent performance，I was given the award of “Outstanding Young Artist”．Looking at it，I feel very excited.
Through this experience，we are all amazing at Chinese painting and proud of being Chinese.We hope we can have more activity of this kind in the future!
答案：
Last Friday，our class invited a well-known artist to teach us how to draw a lotus in traditional Chinese style.
As soon as artist came into the classroom，he was given a warm welcome， made him so happy.All of us wore big smiles.First，he showed us some skillful ways of a lotus.We circled around him and watched him .Then we made an attempt to do it by under his instructions.Finally，because my excellent performance，I was given the award of“Outstanding Young Artist”．Looking at it，I very excited.
Through this experience，we are all at Chinese painting and proud of being Chinese.We hope we can have more of this kind in the future!
课件53张PPT。Section Ⅱ Welcome to the unit & Reading—Language PointsUnit 3 The world of colours and light本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
品句填词
It is expected that the ____________(产量) of grain will increase by 10% compared with that in the previous year.
答案：output
Eggs are classified by weight as Extra Large，Large, ____________(中等的) and Small.
答案：Medium
Some people say beauty itself is ____________(抽象的), but I don’t agree.
答案：abstract
The design of modern ____________(建筑) concentrates on usefulness rather than decoration.
答案：architecture
There’s now a ____________(一致) nearly all over the world that we’re facing a fragile world peace.
答案：consensus
The loss caused by the latest typhoon couldn’t be ____________(计算) accurately, but it is believed to have reached billions.
答案：calculated
The disease is spreading all over the world at a shocking speed.Where its dark ____________(阴影) appears, we see pain, tears and death.
答案：shadow
If you ____________(犯) a crime, you will deserve punishment.
答案：commit
As a ____________(报酬) for his contribution to botany, John Banks had a flower named after him.
答案：reward
The ____________(代理商) was about to sign his name on the document when, to our surprise, a stranger broke in to prevent him.
答案：agent
单句改错
1．Which you expected, he turned up on time.
____________________
答案：Which→As
2．Not just you but he like the country music very much.
____________________
答案：like→likes
3．I’m afraid the box is so heavy for you to carry it.
____________________
答案：so→too
4．Do you think the water is safe drink?
____________________
答案：safe后加to
5．Boy although he is, he likes to play with girls.
____________________
答案：although→as或though
完成句子
正像她的工作所表明的，她是非常细心的。
She is very careful, ________________________．
答案：as her work shows
她得知那门课没有考及格时很沮丧。
She ____________________________________ that she had failed the course.
答案：was disappointed to learn
尽管他拥有的知识是有限的，但是这个老工人经验很丰富。
________________________________________________ is limited，the old worker has a lot of experience.
答案：Although the knowledge he possesses
4．抢重活干就是他的特点。
________________________ him to take hard jobs.
答案：It is typical of
5．他不仅讲得更正确，也讲得更流利了。
__________________________________ more correctly, __________________ more fluently.
答案：Not only did he speak；but he spoke
课文语法填空
The passage is a letter to Yang Yan from Li Ming，1.____________ is now in Amsterdam with his aunt and grandmother. He wrote the letter 2.____________(describe) his trip. They first went to Spain，which is home to Picasso. He 3.____________(amaze) to learn that Picasso did not just paint，but made sculptures and worked 4.____________ all kinds of media. Picasso left Spain and settled in Paris while young. So they went to Paris after 5.____________(visit) Spain. At the Louvre Museum，they saw the Mona Lisa，6.____________，by popular consensus，is the most 7.____________(value) painting. Eager 8.____________(see) the works of Claude Monet，they went to Musée d’Orsay. Monet’s paintings were typical of Impressionism. They also visited another Impressionist，van Gogh. His paintings are worth upwards of 9.____________(million) of dollars each but could only be sold one when he was 10.____________(live)．
答案：1.who 2.to describe 3.was amazed 4.with
5．visiting 6.which 7.valuable 8.to see 9.millions 10.alive
A卷
单句语法填空
1．Successful ____________ he is，he is not proud.
答案：as
2．Not only you but he is ____________(blame) for it.
答案：to blame
3．He found it difficult ____________(stop) smoking.
答案：to stop
4．It is typical of John ____________(think) about helping others in this way.
答案：to think
5．They made the wrong ____________(calculate) of their situation.
答案：calculation
6．The frontier ranges ____________ the northern hills to the southern coast.
答案：from
7．They rewarded the winners ____________ gifts of fruits and flowers.
答案：with
8．He always gives priority to others rather than ____________ himself.
答案：to
9．He had to live ____________ the shadow of his famous father.
答案：in
10．He committed ____________(he) to the task body and soul.
答案：himself
阅读理解
More often than not, people will look at the phone screen to check for new messages or have a quick look at Facebook. Researchers have now found why we often feel such a strong need to look at our phones. Using the mobile phone, they say, is contagious(传染的)．
A team says people are twice as likely to pull out their phones to check their text messages or e-mails if they’re with someone that has just done the same. They also found that women were more likely to use their mobile phones than men. The team watched students in dining halls and coffee shops around the college, observing pairs of college students sitting at tables for as long as 20 minutes and recording their cellphone use.“What we found most interesting was just how often people were using their mobile phones，”Dr. Daniel Kruger, the study’s co-author, said.“Every person we studied used his or her phone at least once while one woman was on hers about half of the time. People saw others checking their incoming messages and began to check their own.”
“Cellphones create another choice for one’s attention and may both support and disagree with live social activities，”the researchers wrote. Kruger believed this could be explained by the effects of social inclusion(包含) and exclusion(排除). If one person in a pair starts a conversation through his phone, the other one may feel excluded and then feel the need to get in touch with others so as not to feel left out.
The researchers note that they might not get the same result in a study of different people—for example, older adults, who may not have a habit of using cellphones so often.
【解题导语】 研究发现，每当看见别人看手机，我们也总有翻看手机的冲动，这说明使用手机具有传染性。
1．From the study we can learn that ________．
A．people can affect each other in using mobile phones
B．using mobile phones has nothing to do with social activities
C．men are more likely to be affected by others’ using mobile phones
D．the sound of mobile phones makes using mobile phones contagious
A 解析：推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，研究发现使用手机具有传染性，由此可知答案为A。
2．If old adults are studied, the researchers ________．
A．will find that old adults don’t like to use mobile phones
B．will find that mobile phones are harmful to health
C．will no longer like using mobile phones
D．may reach a different result
D 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“they might not get the same result in a study of different people”可知，研究不同的人群会得出不同的研究结果。
3．Which can best describe the author’s attitude towards using mobile phones?
A．Supportive. B．Objective.
C．Indifferent. D．Opposed.
B 解析：观点态度题。本文客观陈述了一项研究发现，由此可知答案为B。
4．Which can be the best title for the passage?
A．How to Use Mobile Phones Correctly
B．Why College Students Like Mobile Phones
C．Relation Between Mobile Phones and People’s Hobbies
D．Something Interesting about the Habit of Using Mobile Phones
D 解析：标题归纳题。本文陈述的是关于使用手机方面的一些有趣的研究结果，故Something Interesting about the Habit of Using Mobile Phones最适合做文章标题。
完形填空
(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)When I was 13 my only purpose was to become the star on our football team. That meant 1 Miller King, who was the best 2 at our school.
Football season started in September and all summer long I worked out. I carried my football everywhere for 3 ．
Just before September, Miller was struck by a car and lost his right arm. I went to see him after he came back from 4 . He looked very 5 ， but he didn’t cry.
That season, I 6 all of Miller’s records while he 7 the home games from the bench. We went 10－1 and I was named most valuable player, 8 I often had crazy dreams in which I was to blame for Miller’s 9 ．
One afternoon, I was crossing the field to go home and saw Miller 10 going over a fence—which wasn’t 11 to climb if you had both arms. I’m sure I was the last person in the world he wanted to accept 12 from. But even that challenge he accepted. I 13 him move slowly over the fence. When we were finally 14 on the other side, he said to me, “You know, I didn’t tell you this during the season, but you did 15 ．Thank you for filling in for 16 ．”
His words freed me from my bad 17 . I thought to myself, how even without an arm he was more of a leader. Damaged but not defeated, he was 18 ahead of me. I was right to have 19 him. From that day on，I grew 20 and a little more real.
【解题导语】 文章讲述了作者通过刻苦训练，最终实现了成为学校足球队的明星球员的目标。
1．A．cheering for B．beating out
C．relying on D．staying with
B 解析：文章首句“When I was 13 my only purpose was to become the star on our football team.”提到，我13岁时唯一的目标就是成为学校足球队的明星。结合下文的“Miller King，who was the best”可推断出Miller King是我们学校最出色的足球运动员(player)，而实现我的目标就意味着打败(beating out)他。
2．A．coach B．student
C．teacher D．player
D 解析：参见上题解析。
3．A．practice B．show
C．comfort D．pleasure
A 解析：根据上文的“all summer long I worked out”可知，此处表示我到哪里都带着足球练习。
4．A．school B．vacation
C．hospital D．training
C 解析：根据本段中的“Miller was struck by a car and lost his right arm”可以推断出，我在Miller出院后去看了他。C项符合语境。
5．A．pale B．calm
C．relaxed D．ashamed
A 解析：Miller出了车祸失去了右臂，根据常识可知，这里指Miller出院后脸色苍白(pale)，却没有哭。
6．A．held B．broke
C．set D．tried
B 解析：根据下文的“I was named most valuable player”可知，我被提名为最有价值的球员，故可推断出我打破(broke)了Miller的所有纪录。
7．A．reported B．judged
C．organized D．watched
D 解析：Miller出车祸后不能再像往常一样踢球，因此只能坐在运动员休息区看(watched)主场比赛。
8．A．and B．then
C．but D．thus
C 解析：空前的“I was named most valuable player”与空后的“I often had crazy dreams in which I was to blame”语义间存在转折关系，故用but。
9．A．decision B．mistake
C．accident D．sacrifice
C 解析：此处指我经常做一些疯狂的梦。在梦中，我是Miller车祸的肇事者。根据上文可知Miller出了车祸，故这里选accident。
10．A．stuck B．hurt
C．tired D．lost
A 解析：Miller由于失去了右臂，因此独自一人很难翻越围栏。stuck在此作形容词，表状态，指Miller无法翻越围栏，被卡住了动不了。
11．A．steady B．hard
C．fun D．fit
B 解析：通过本句话即可判断出答案，要是双臂健全，翻越这个围栏并不困难。
12．A．praise B．advice
C．assistance D．apology
C 解析：我一直梦想打败Miller，就在九月前Miller出了车祸，只能坐在休息区看比赛无法上场，而我却在场上破了他所有纪录还被提名最有价值球员，所以我肯定他最不想接受我的帮助。assistance符合语境。
13．A．let B．helped
C．had D．noticed
B 解析：根据上文可知Miller接受了我的帮助，故这里指我帮助(helped)他慢慢翻越围栏。
14．A．dropped B．ready
C．trapped D．safe
D 解析：在我的帮助下，我们最终安全地翻越了围栏。
15．A．fine B．wrong
C．quickly D．normally
A 解析：Miller说我本赛季踢得不错，故选择fine。
16．A．us B．yourself
C．me D．them
C 解析：这里指Miller感谢我临时取代(fill in for)他参加比赛，故C项符合语境。
17．A．memories B．ideas
C．attitudes D．dreams
D 解析：这里指Miller感谢我的话让我从先前的噩梦中解脱出来。
18．A．still B．also
C．yet D．just
A 解析：Miller身残志坚，他仍然领先于我。
19．A．challenged B．cured
C．invited D．admired
D 解析：与文章首段呼应，表示我对Miller的钦佩和仰慕是正确的。
20．A．healthier B．bigger
C．cleverer D．cooler
B 解析：从那天起，我不断地成长，越加真实。
B卷
阅读理解
A
Reading Lamp
Price: ￡49
If you buy 2 or more, you can get an extra 5% off and free delivery.
Order before 3 pm for same day dispatch(发货)．
Simulates(模拟) natural sunlight
There’s nothing better than natural sunlight to brighten up your home and your mood, but when the nights draw in early this isn’t always possible.
Now, thanks to our special daylight lamp, you can enjoy that same clean bright natural sunlight effect all year round.The light helps reduce eye strain, making it the perfect light for reading and long periods of studying. With a clearer, brighter light, it’s great for hobbies such as needlework, model making and painting, helping to make colours more true to life while improving contrast.
·Clear, bright flash－free light
·Stronger colours—colours are more vivid and true to life
·Better contrast—black and white contrast is heightened for easier reading
·Energy saving bulbs last up to 5 hours longer than other bulbs
·Brightens your mood
Available in: Silver(D3943) or Brass(D5553)
The lamp includes a 27W low energy bulb that is equal in light output to a standard 150W bulb.Also available is a spare bulb for just ￡7.9.
Delivery
Delivery to Northern Ireland, Isle of Man, Scottish Highlands and Islands is ￡6.95. Delivery to the Channel Islands and Scilly Isles is ￡14.95. Delivery to Eire is ￡9.95.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。本文主要在介绍一款阅读灯的价格、型号、订购、发货及产品特色。
1．If you buy two reading lamps and a spare bulb, how much should you pay?
A．￡93.1. B．￡98.
C．￡101. D．￡105.9.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据文中的“Price：￡49.If you buy 2 or more, you can get an extra 5% off and free delivery.”及“Also available is a spare bulb for just ￡7.9.”可知，49×2×95%＋7.9＝101。故选C。
2．If you have placed your order on Tuesday evening, your lamp will most probably be sent________．
A．on Tuesday evening
B．on Wednesday morning
C．next Monday
D．before 3 pm next Tuesday
B 解析：推理判断题。根据文中的“Order before 3 pm for same day dispatch(发货)．”可推知，如果你在下午3点后下订单的话，发货就要等到第二天了。故选B。
3．The text is probably taken from ________．
A．a news report
B．a science magazine
C．a product description
D．a shopping website
D 解析： 文章出处题。通读全文可知，本文主要在介绍一款阅读灯的价格、型号、订购、发货及产品特色，因此本文极可能来自于一个购物网站。故选D。
B
It is a tiny portrait of one of the most powerful women of the Renaissance. And for more than 50 years the old BBC journalist Charles Wheeler kept the picture of Eleonora of Toledo on his bookshelf.
But yesterday Wheeler returned the painting to Berlin’s Gem?ldegalerie after discovering that it was a priceless original looted(掠夺) from the museum during the Second World War, not a copy as he had thought.
Wheeler, 83, acquired the 16th-century portrait by the Florentine artist Alessandro Allori from a German farmer who dropped in to the BBC’s West Berlin office.“It was 1952. At the time people could move freely between East and West，”he said yesterday.“We were doing a programme called Letters Without Signature, where people living in the eastern zone could write a letter. The farmer reached into his pocket, took out a brown envelope and said it was a wedding present for me.”The farmer claimed he had got it from a Russian soldier in exchange for two sacks of potatoes to make vodka. Over the next 50-plus years Wheeler, one of the BBC’s most distinguished foreign journalists, took the miniature(小画像) with him.“I was burgled four times over the years，”he said.“People were always taking my TV and radio. But they ignored the painting.”
It was only last year while making a BBC radio series on missing art that Wheeler realised the painting could have been stolen. After contacting the London-based Commission for Looted Art in Europe, the work was swiftly identified as a minor masterpiece and returned yesterday to Berlin’s picture gallery, where it was last seen in 1939.
Yesterday Anne Webber, co-chair of the commission, hailed(赞扬) the work as one of the“earliest diplomatic portraits of a woman”．“It’s a charming painting，”she said. The miniature depicts(描绘) Eleonora of Toledo，whose husband Cosimo de Medici was one of Renaissance Italy’s most powerful men.
【解题导语】 一位记者得到一幅意大利文艺复兴时期一位妇女的画像，但他以为是复制品，因此并没有在意。在保存了50多年以后，他最后得知画像是柏林艺术馆在二战中被盗的真品，于是他把这幅画归还给了该艺术馆。
4．Charles Wheeler kept the miniature on his bookshelf because________．
A．he thought it was of little value
B．he thought it would be safer there
C．he liked the picture very much
D．he wanted it to be seen by others
A 解析：细节理解题。从第二段最后可知，这位BBC记者本来以为这是一件复制品，并没有重视。
5．The miniature was probably taken from the Berlin’s picture gallery by________．
A．a burglar
B．a German farmer
C．a Russian soldier
D．a worker at the gallery
C 解析：推理判断题。由第三段可知，这幅画是一个德国农民从一个俄国士兵手中用两袋土豆换来的。由此可以推断，该画很可能在战乱中落入一个俄国士兵手中。
6．In what way is the miniature considered to be priceless?
A．It survived the Second World War.
B．It depicts a powerful woman of the Renaissance.
C．It is a masterpiece by a famous artist in Germany.
D．It was painted more than 50 years ago.
B 解析：推理判断题。从第一段和最后一段可知，这是一幅意大利文艺复兴时期一位重要妇女的画像，它具有重大意义。
7．From the passage we can learn________．
A．the painting was drawn by a woman of the Renaissance
B．Allori gave the journalist the painting as a wedding present
C．Charles Wheeler has kept the painting for over 50 years
D．Eleonora of Toledo was one of the most powerful men in Italy
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段和第三段中的倒数第三句话可知，他保存这幅画已经50多年了。
七选五
Why do many people take vacations frequently? We need to take time out from work to relax，and just be ourselves.1.________ We should all be allowed to leave our jobs behind us—at least for a few weeks each year—and just have fun. This might be something as simple as reading a good book in front of a warm fireplace through to traveling to the most interesting places on our planet.
Whatever we fancy doing is worth taking time out for.
As we know, workplace stress is on the rise.2.________ These include disease, depression and even death. We all seem to be running from one place to the next, never finding out where we want to go in the first place. I intend to break that trend in the coming days.3.________ I will sleep late, write, watch movies, drink the occasional glass of wine, and eat to my heart’s content, ignoring calorie counting. My plan is to just enjoy the fleeting(飞逝的) moments of being alive.
4．________ Spend your next vacation the way you want. Do what will restore your mental health.You’re very valuable to the people who are close to you, and to those who depend on it. Like it or not, we are all interdependent(互相依存的) in this great life of ours.There’s no doubt that you are valuable. Just remember that the next time you look at a mirror and take a deep breath. Remind yourself that there will never be anyone like you ever on this earth again. 5.________ All you have to do is just ask yourself what you want to do.
A．Draw up a detailed plan so that you can see more.
B．With it come many health problems.
C．When you finally get home you’ll be greatly refreshed.
D．Life is not all about work, or at least it shouldn’t be.
E．And only you know how to take a vacation in your way.
F．I challenge each one of you to do the same.
G．For my next holiday，I will do all the things that I love doing.
【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了工作不应该是生活的全部，我们应该花时间去度假。
1．D 解析：根据本空后的“We should all be allowed to leave our jobs behind us”可知，此处是说工作不应该是生活的全部，故D项符合语境。
2．B 解析：根据本空后的“These include disease, depression and even death.”可知，此处是说工作压力会带来很多健康问题，故B项符合语境。
3．G 解析：根据本空后的“I will sleep late, write, watch movies, drink the occasional glass of wine, and eat to my heart’s content, ignoring calorie counting. ”可知，此处是说我要在假期里做自己喜欢的事情，故G项符合语境。
4．F 解析：根据本空后的“Spend your next vacation the way you want. Do what will restore your mental health.”可知，此处是说我建议每个人都这样做，故F项符合语境。
5．E 解析：根据本空前的“Remind yourself that there will never be anyone like you ever on this earth again. ”可知，此处承接上文，是说只有你自己知道怎样按自己的方式度假，故E项符合语境。
短文改错
Last Friday，our class had invited a well-known artist to teach us how to draw a lotus in traditional Chinese style.
As soon as an artist came into the classroom，he was given a warm welcome，what made him so happy.All of us wore big smiles.First，he showed us some skillful ways of draw a lotus.We circled around him and watched him careful.Then we made an attempt to do it by us under his instructions.Finally，because my excellent performance，I was given the award of “Outstanding Young Artist”．Looking at it，I feel very excited.
Through this experience，we are all amazing at Chinese painting and proud of being Chinese.We hope we can have more activity of this kind in the future!
答案：
Last Friday，our class invited a well-known artist to teach us how to draw a lotus in traditional Chinese style.
As soon as artist came into the classroom，he was given a warm welcome， made him so happy.All of us wore big smiles.First，he showed us some skillful ways of a lotus.We circled around him and watched him .Then we made an attempt to do it by under his instructions.Finally，because my excellent performance，I was given the award of“Outstanding Young Artist”．Looking at it，I very excited.
Through this experience，we are all at Chinese painting and proud of being Chinese.We hope we can have more of this kind in the future!
Section Ⅲ Word power, Task & Project
1．scenery n． 风景，景色，风光
2．scholarship n． 奖学金
3．spray vt. 喷，喷洒，向……喷洒
n． 喷剂；喷雾；浪花
4．passer-by n．路人，过路的人→passers-by n. 路人，过路的人(复数)
5．admission n．(机构、组织等的)准许加入，进入权；承认；入场费→admit vt.承认；允许进入vi.承认；允许进入；允许
6．wrinkle vt. & vi.(使)起皱纹 n．皱纹，皱褶，皱痕→wrinkly adj.有皱纹的；易生皱纹的
1．in__case 以防，万一
2．take_up 占用；举起；从事
3．in_addition 另外
4．build__up 建立，加强
5．mix_with... 与……混合
6．make_a_reservation 预定
7．have_a__go_(at) 试一试，尝试(做某事)，
企图(做某事)
8．cut_something_out_(of_something) 剪出，剪下
9．dip_into 蘸进……里面；浏览
10．on_a_visit__to 参观， 访问
11．lay_out 布置；设计；铺开，展开
12．cut_up 切碎
Scan the text and choose the best answer.
1．Besides food，what other materials mentioned in the text can we use to make art?
A．Paper，string，glue，cloth，cheese.
B．String，feather，seashell and rubbish.
C．Vegetables and fruit，cards，seashell and rubbish.
2．What example can you give to say that anything and everything can be used to make art?
A．A picture of Mona Lisa.
B．A string picture.
C．A feather and seashell picture.
答案：1－2.BA
Unusual pictures
Someone once said that anything and everything could be used to make art. A few years ago, a picture of Mona Lisa was made out of slices① of bread toasted to different colours②. It probably smelled good, but it took a long time to do. This web page gives you some ideas that you could use to make unusual pictures③.
Pizza faces
Put your apron④ on and get ready to make a pizza face. Now you can be a chef⑤ and an artist. You can use a variety of different foods to help you make a face. Here are a few ideas.⑥
Use small slices of carrot or pieces of seaweed⑦ as hair, and arrange it in the style⑧ that you want⑨. Cut up⑩ some tomatoes for eyes, pieces of cheese for ears, and a mushroom for a nose. Next, you need to think about the mouth—you could make a smile from a slice of bacon. Other foods you could use to create pizza faces? include onion?， pineapple?， eggplant? and ham. Most of these foods are available? at your local grocery.
When you have made the face, you can take a photo of it, so that you can keep your unusual picture forever. Once you have taken the photo?， you can then cook and eat the pizza face.
An artist in the USA once made pizza faces from fruit and vegetables. He took photos of each one and then used these photographs to make birthday cards. Since then he has sold over two million cards.
①slice[slaIs]n. 薄片，切片
a slice of 一片……
②过去分词短语toasted to different colours 作后置定语，修饰bread。
③that you could use to make unusual pictures是that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词some ideas。
④apron ['eIpr?n] n. 围裙
⑤chef [?ef] n. 厨师，(尤指)主厨，厨师长
⑥Here are a few ideas.是倒装句，主语是a few ideas，要注意主谓一致。
⑦seaweed ['si?wi?d] n. 海藻，海草
⑧in the style 以……风格
⑨that you want 是定语从句，修饰style。
⑩cut up 切碎
? you could use to create pizza faces为省略了关系代词which或that的定语从句，修饰Other foods。
?onion ['?nj?n] n. 洋葱
?pineapple ['paIn?pl] n. 菠萝
?eggplant ['eɡplɑ?nt] n. 茄子
?available adj. 可获得的；可购得的；可找到的
?once引导时间状语从句，表示“一旦”。
别具一格的图画
曾经有人说过，任何东西都可以用来制作艺术品。几年前，一幅《蒙娜·丽莎》的画是用烘焙成不同颜色的面包片做成的。它闻起来可能会很香，但却花了很长时间去制作。本网页为你提供一些点子，你可以用来制作别具一格的图画。
比萨脸谱
系上你的围裙，做好准备来制作一个比萨脸谱。现在，你既可以是一位大厨，也可以是一名艺术家。你可以用多种不同的食物来帮你制作一张脸谱。这里有一些主意。
用一些薄胡萝卜片或者海藻碎片当作头发，将它布置成你想要的风格。切一些西红柿做眼睛，一些奶酪片做耳朵和一个蘑菇做鼻子。接下来，你需要想一想嘴巴——你可以用一片咸猪肉做出笑容。其他你可以用来做比萨脸谱的食品包括洋葱、菠萝、茄子和火腿。这些食材大多都可以在你当地的食品杂货店里找到。
当你做完这张脸谱时，你可以给它拍张照，这样你就可以永远保存你这张别具一格的图画。拍完照片之后，你可以烤熟并享用这张比萨脸谱。
美国的一名艺术家曾经用水果和蔬菜做了比萨脸谱。他为每张比萨脸谱拍了照，然后把这些照片做成生日卡片。从那时起，他已卖了超过两百万张的卡片了。
String pictures
To make string pictures, you need some card, thin string and glue. Think about what picture you want to make. Will it be an abstract? pattern, or will it be a picture of things, a scene or people? First, use a crayon or pencil to draw the outline of? the picture on the card. Next, spread the glue where you want to attach? the string?. You can make solid shapes by using circles of string. Once the string has dried on the card, you could paint different parts of the string.
Feather and seashell pictures
This idea is about creating pictures with feathers and seashells. You will also need glue and some card. Choose small seashells so they will not be very heavy when they are stuck onto the card. Think about the pattern or picture that you want to make. You can lay all the pieces out on the card before you stick them down. You can collect seashells at the beach. Feathers can be found in pillows, pet shops or parks.
?abstract adj. 抽象的 n. 摘要，概要
?draw the outline of 画出……的轮廓
?attach vt. 贴，固定
attach... to... 把……固定到……上
?where引导地点状语从句。
feather n. 羽毛
seashell ['si??el] n. 海贝壳
be stuck onto 粘到(……上面去)
that 引导定语从句，修饰the pattern or picture；并在定语从句中作make的宾语。
lay out 布置，设计；铺开，展开
lay down 放下；停止使用
lay off 停止；别再打扰
stick... down 粘住
pillow ['pIl??] n. 枕头
绳画
要制作绳画，你需要一些卡片纸、细绳和胶水。想想你要做什么样的画。它会是一幅抽象画，还是静物画、风景画或者人物画呢？首先，用蜡笔或者铅笔在卡片纸上画出图案的轮廓。然后，在你想粘细绳的地方涂上胶水。通过把细绳围成圈，你可以做出实心的形状。一旦绳子在卡片纸上晾干，你就可以在绳子不同的部位涂颜色了。
羽毛海贝壳画
这个想法是用羽毛和海贝壳来制作图画。你也需要胶水和一些卡片纸。选择小的海贝壳，这样，当它们粘在卡片纸上之后就不会太重。想想你要做什么样的图案或者图片。你可以在粘贴之前把所有的贝壳都铺放在卡片上。你可以在沙滩上找到海贝壳。羽毛可以在枕头里、宠物店或者公园找到。
Rubbish pictures
This may sound disgusting to some, but it is really quite clean and great fun. Every day, we produce lots of rubbish, including different materials like plastic, aluminium, cloth and paper. We can use this rubbish to create pictures. These pictures can be quite heavy, so you should use strong paper or card and very strong glue to stick the rubbish onto the card. Once it is stuck on, you can spray the different sections of the picture with paint.
Rubbish prints
Again, this is using rubbish, but this time as paintbrushes. For example, one end of a tin can be dipped into paint and used to make circles on a piece of card. We can use old pieces of cloth as brushes, or wrinkle the cloth together to form an interesting pattern. The shapes and patterns could be repeated. Shapes can be cut out of other rubbish, dipped into the paint and pressed on the card.
There are many other things that you can use to make unusual pictures, so why not have a go at some of the ideas above and then try out some ideas of your own?
Have fun！
disgusting [dIs'ɡ?stI?] adj. 令人不快的，令人厌恶的，令人愤慨的
disgusted adj. 厌恶的，憎恶的，反感的
great fun 很有趣
have fun 玩得高兴
aluminium [??lj?'mInI?m] n. 铝
spray [spreI] vt. 喷，喷洒，向……喷洒 n．喷剂；喷雾；浪花
paintbrush ['peIntbr??] n．画笔
tin [tIn] n. 罐子，罐头，罐装物；锡
dip [dIp] vt. & vi. 浸，蘸
dip sth. in/into sth. 把某物浸入某物中
wrinkle ['rI?kl] vt. & vi. (使)起皱纹 n．皱纹，皱褶，皱痕
cut something out of (something) 剪出，剪下
cut... from... 从……切下/割下
that 引导定语从句，修饰 many other things。
have a go at 试一试
have a try 试一试
try out 试验
try on 试穿
垃圾图画
对一些人来说，这听起来可能有点儿恶心，但这其实相当干净，而且很有趣。每天我们都会制造许多垃圾，包括不同的材料，如塑料、铝箔、布和纸。我们可以利用这些垃圾制作图画。这些图画可能会很重，所以你要用结实的纸或者卡片纸，而且要用强力的胶水把这些垃圾粘贴到卡片纸上。一旦它们粘贴好，你就可以在图中的不同区域喷洒颜料了。
垃圾印画
又一次用到了垃圾，不过这次是作为画笔。例如，易拉罐的一端可以蘸上颜料，用来在一张卡片纸上画圆圈。我们可以用旧布做刷子，或者把布拧在一起弄皱，勾勒出很有意思的图案。这些形状和图案可以反复使用。可以从其他的垃圾中切下各种形状，蘸取颜料，压在卡片上。
还有许多其他东西可用来制作出与众不同的图画，那么，为什么不尝试上面的一些点子，再试试你自己独创的点子呢？
玩得开心！
build up 增加，增进，扩大；逐渐变大；逐步形成
(教材P38)The secret to oil painting is to build up layer on layer on a canvas.
油画的秘密是在画布上一层层地涂上颜料。
build up one’s strength/body 增强体质
build up one’s vocabulary 增加词汇量
build on 把……建立于；依赖
①The more confidence you build up in yourself, the greater your chances of success are.
树立的自信心越强，成功的把握就越大。
②To learn a language well you must build up a useful vocabulary.
要学好一种语言， 你必须积累有用的词汇。
③This study builds on early work.
这项研究是在以往工作的基础上进行的。
take up 占用；开始从事；接受；继续
(教材P39)Li Ming has decided to take up painting as a hobby.
李明决定作为一种爱好开始学绘画。
[一词多义]——写出下列句中take up的含义
(1)He didn’t particularly want to take up a competitive sport.开始做，从事
(2)Are you going to take up the challenge of lasting a whole week without arguing？接受
(3)I wouldn’t want to take up too much of your time.占用
(4)Angela used to be a model and has decided to take it up again.继续
take in 欺骗；理解；吸收
take on 呈现；雇用；承担；从事
take over 接管；控制
take off 休息；(飞机)起飞
①I only take on work that interests me, even if it means turning down lots of money.
我只做那些令我感兴趣的工作，即使这意味着要少赚很多钱。
②He takes_up his duties next week.
他下周就要开始履行职责。
③In 1944, he met Edith Piaf, and his career took_off．
1944年，他遇到伊迪斯·琵雅芙，从此他的事业飞黄腾达。
④Gazing up into his eyes, she seemed to take_in all he said.
她注视着他的眼睛，好像听懂了他说的一切。
[巧学活用]——完成句子
(1)睡前你吸收的脂肪越多，晚上你给身体增加的负担越大。
The more fat you take_in before bedtime, the greater burden you will put on your body at night.
(2)(江苏卷)在遭受大地震成为废墟后不久，这座城市呈现出新面貌。
Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and being reduced to ruins，the city took_on a new look.
admission n．(机构、组织等的)准许加入， 进入权；承认；入场费
(教材P43)In 1983, he gained admission to the Beijing School of Art.
1983年，他被北京艺术学院录取。
(1)make an admission of sth.＝ admit sth. 承认某事
(2)admit vt.& vi. 承认；准许进入；接受
(入学)；接纳
admit (to sb.)doing/having done sth. (向某人)承认做(过)某事
admit that 承认……
admit sb./sth.into/to... 允许……进入……
be admitted to/into 获准进入；被……录取
①She was admitted to Peking University in 2017, which made her parents very happy.
2017年她被北大录取了， 这使得她的父母非常高兴。
②His admission(admit) that he was to blame kept the others from being punished.
他对过错的承认使得他人免于受罚。
③She admitted having_driven(drive) the car without insurance.
她承认驾驶了这辆没有保险的轿车。
[巧学活用]——完成句子
(四川卷)考试结果可能会正如所预料的那样， 我被我最喜爱的大学录取的梦想将会成为现实。
The exams are likely to work out as expected and my dream to_be_admitted_into/to my favorite university will come true.
scenery n. 风景，景色，风光
(教材P43)His early works, mostly in the traditional Chinese style, reflected the scenery of eastern China.
他的早期作品，绝大多数是传统的中国绘画风格，反映了中国东部的风景。
scene
指局部的、一眼可见全貌的风景或景色，不限于自然的风景，也常指(戏剧、电影、小说等的)场景、布景
scenery
指某一国家或某一地区的整体的自然风景
sight
指眼见的景色，如供人游览之地的“景”或“景色”，尤指人工制成的景
view
主要指从某个位置或角度看到的景色
①The West Lake is remarkable for its scenery.
西湖以其风景著名。
②There is a lovely view from this window.
从这个窗子可以看到一片秀丽的景色。
③The first scene of the play is the king’s palace.
剧中的第一场景是王宫。
[巧学活用]——用上述词语填空
(1)You will get a fine view of the town from the top of the hill.
(2)We passed through some beautiful scenery on our journey through the West Lake.
(3)Seeing the happy scene of children playing in the front yard，he was very delighted.
(4)The Great Wall is one of the most breath-taking sights in China.
cloth n. 布料，织物；(一块)布
(教材P43)It was while at the New York School of Art that he experimented with different materials such as cloth and plastic in his paintings.
正是在纽约艺术学院期间，他在其绘画作品中尝试采用了不同的材料，如布和塑料。
①You’d better wrap it in a piece of clean cloth.
你最好用一块干净的布将它包好。
②And their minds are bright despite their dirty hands and clothes(cloth).
尽管他们的手和衣服脏，他们的思想是光明的。
③I have enough cloth(clothes) to make a suit.
我的布料足够做一套衣服。
clothes
是最常用词，统指身上的各种服装，包括上衣、裤子、内衣等， 是复数名词，可与many, few等词连用，但不能直接与数词连用，后面要接复数动词，“一套衣服”要说a suit of clothes
clothing
是集合名词，是服装的总称，除衣裤外还包括帽子、鞋袜等；没有复数形式，后面要接单数动词，“一件衣服”要说an article of clothing
dress
范围较窄，作可数名词时指一件女服、连衣裙；作不可数名词时，指某种特殊服装，尤指在社交场合穿的衣服
lay out 设计，布局；安排；摊放
(教材P47)You can lay all the pieces out on the card before you stick them down.
你可以在粘贴之前把所有的贝壳都铺放在卡片上。
lay aside 把……放在一边；留存，备用
lay down 放弃；放下；规定，制定
lay off 解雇；停止；关闭；休息
①He showed us how to lay out a printed page.
他给我们展示怎样设计版面。
②You ought to lay aside some money for future use.
你应该存点钱以备将来之需。
③He was willing to lay_down his life for his country.
他愿意为祖国牺牲他的生命。
④The doctor advised the patient to lay_off for a month after the operation.
医生建议病人在手术后休息一个月。
disgusting adj. 令人厌恶的，令人作呕的；令人不快的，令人愤慨的
(教材P47)This may sound disgusting to some，but it is really quite clean and great fun. 这对一些人来说听起来可能恶心，但是它其实非常干净，非常好玩。
(1)disgust vt. 使生气；使恶心
(2)disgust n． [U]厌恶，反感；愤慨
to one’s disgust 使某人气愤/反感的是
in disgust 厌恶地；气愤地
(3)disgusted adj. 厌恶的；憎恶的
be disgusted at/by/with 对……感到反感/厌恶
①It was disgusting to find that rubbish was piled everywhere. 看到垃圾堆得到处都是，真恶心啊！
②Much to_her disgust，she was given a minor part in the play. 使她反感的是，她在那出戏里分到一个次要角色。
③At the news，he returned downstairs_in disgust.
听到这个消息，他厌恶地转身下楼。
disgusting与disgusted都可用作形容词，但disgusting 意为“令人厌恶的”，常用来修饰物；disgusted意为“感到厌恶的”，常用来修饰人。
dip vt.&vi. 浸，蘸；沉没；倾斜；汲取；翻阅
(教材P47)For example，one end of a tin can be dipped into paint and used to make circles on a piece of card. 例如，易拉罐的一端可以蘸上颜料，用来在一张卡片上画圆圈。
dip into 将……浸入；舀取；提取(款项)；
翻阅；浏览；细想， 稍加探究
dip into the future 细想未来
dip one’s finger into 染指
①The land dips gently to the south.
地面缓缓向南倾斜。
②The children like to dip their bread into the milk.
孩子们喜欢把面包蘸着牛奶吃。
③Just when she was ready to dip into her savings, Greg hastened to her rescue.
正当她准备动用自己的存款时，格雷格赶来给她救了急。
cut out (of sth.) 剪下；裁剪；停止做
(教材P47)Shapes can be cut out of other rubbish，dipped into the paint and pressed on the card. 可以从其他的垃圾中切下各种形状，蘸取颜料，压在卡片上。
cut up 切碎；使悲伤(难受)
cut through 开辟，开出(路或通道)；
抄近路穿过
be cut out for.../to do... 是……的材料
cut down(on) 砍倒；削减
cut in 打断，插话
cut across 抄近路穿过
cut off 切断；隔绝
①The spokesman announced that the news was cut out of whole cloth. 那位发言人称，这则新闻纯属凭空捏造。
②They used a machete to cut_through the bush.
他们用大砍刀在灌木林中劈出了一条道路。
③If you spend more than your income, you have to cut_down on your expenses.
如果你入不敷出，你得减少支出了。
(教材P41)Aunt really enjoyed France and so did grandma and I.
我姑妈确实喜欢法国，我和我的奶奶也一样。
(1)该句型属于“so＋助动词/情态动词/be＋主语”结构，表示前面所述情况也适用于后者。
(2)“neither＋助动词/情态动词/be＋主语(另一个)”结构表示前面的所讲述的否定情况也适用于后者。
(3)如果前句的谓语动词既有肯定的形式也有否定的形式，前面的谓语的动词不属于同一类，可以使用“it’s the same with...”或者“so it is/was the same with...”的结构，表示“……也……”。
“so＋助动词/情态
动词/be＋主语”结构
表示前面所述情况也适用于后者
“so＋主语＋助动词/情
态动词/be”的结构
对前面的情况表示肯定或者强调
①Upon her returning home, Alice was filled with joy at the news. So was I.
爱丽丝一回到家就得到这样的消息非常高兴。我也是。
②I’m good at English，and so_is_my_sister．
我英语学得好，我妺妺也是。
③If you don’t go to see the movie, neither_will_I．
如果你不去看电影，我也不去。
④Tom studies very hard and is never late for school. So_it_is_the_same_with Dick.
汤姆学习非常努力，上学从不迟到。迪克也是如此。
⑤—Li Hua will go to America for further education.
——李华要到美国去深造。
—So_he_will．He will leave for America in two days.
——是的，他两天后就出发去美国。
(教材P41)Hardly had we left the dormitory the next morning when we realized we had left our map in the room.
第二天早上一离开宿舍，我们就意识到我们把地图落在房间里了。
该句是一个倒装句，“hardly...when...”表示“一……就……”，当“hardly”位于句首时，句子用部分倒装。相同用法的还有scarcely...when..., no sooner...than..., 在这些句型中，从句用一般过去时，主句用的是过去完成时。
①Hardly had I got to the bus stop when the bus started.
＝No sooner had I got to the bus stop than the bus started.
我刚到公共汽车站，汽车就开了。
②Hardly_had_I_finished eating when he came in.
我刚吃完饭他就进来了。
③No sooner had the game started than it began to rain heavily.
运动会刚开始，天就下起了大雨。
④We had scarcely arrived when he asked us to leave.
我们才刚到他就叫我们走了。
(教材P41)Had you come with us，I guarantee you would have enjoyed Europe too. 如果你们和我们一起来了，我保证你们也会喜欢欧洲的。
本句是省略了连词if的含有虚拟语气的倒装句。在虚拟语气条件句中，若含有情态动词should、助动词had或连系动词were时，连词if省略且把should，had或were放到主语的前面构成倒装句。
①Had he come last night, he would have met his sister at home. 昨晚他要是回来了，他就会在家见到他妹妹了。
②Should_he_visit_me tomorrow, I would buy him a bicycle.他若是明天来看我，我就买一辆自行车给他。
③Were he you, I think he would_lend(lend) his computer to me. 若他是你，我认为他就会把他的电脑借给我。
(教材P43)It was while at the New York School of Art that he experimented with different materials such as cloth and plastic in his paintings.
正是在纽约艺术学院期间，他在其绘画作品中尝试采用了不同的材料，如布和塑料。
(1)该句是一个强调句，被强调部分是句中的时间状语从句while at the New York School of Art。强调句句型是：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋剩余部分。被强调部分可以是主语、宾语、状语，不过此句型不可强调谓语、宾语补足语和定语。
(2)陈述句的强调句型：It is/was ＋ 被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语)＋that/who(当强调主语且主语指人)＋其他部分．
(3)一般疑问句的强调句型：Is/Was it ＋ 被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分．
(4)特殊疑问句的强调句型：被强调部分(通常是疑问代词或疑问副词)＋is/was＋it＋that＋其他部分？
①When and where was it that you were born?
你出生在何时何地？
②Was it yesterday that he met Li Ping?
他是昨天见到李平的吗？
构成强调句的it本身没有词义；强调句中的连接词一般只用that/who，即使在强调时间状语和地点状语时也如此，that/who不可省略；强调句中的时态只用两种，一般现在时和一般过去时。原句谓语动词是一般过去时、过去完成时和过去进行时，用It was...，其余的时态用It is...。
③It_was_he_that repaired the desk with his brother yesterday.(强调主语)
昨天是他和他的哥哥一起修理的桌子。
④It_was_the_desk_that he repaired with his brother yesterday.(强调宾语)
昨天他和他的哥哥一起修理的是桌子。
⑤It was with_his_brother_that he repaired the desk yesterday.(强调介词短语)
昨天他是和他的哥哥一起修理的桌子。
⑥It_was_yesterday_that he repaired the desk with his brother.(强调时间状语)
是昨天他和他的哥哥一起修理的桌子。
(教材P43)The painting focuses on several steep hills with the Li River flowing below.
这幅画主要描绘的是几座陡峭的山峰，下面是流淌的漓江。
(1)本句为简单句，其中with the Li River flowing below为with 的复合结构，在句中作定语。with 的复合结构在句中可以作定语，也可以作状语。
(2)with的复合结构的具体形式：
①with＋名词/代词＋介词短语
②with＋名词/代词＋形容词/副词
③with＋名词/代词＋现在分词
④with＋名词/代词＋过去分词
⑤with＋名词/代词＋不定式
①With his chin on his hand, he sat there thinking.
他手托下巴，坐在那儿沉思。
②The naughty boy stood there, with his head down.
这个调皮的男孩站在那儿低着头。
③He fell asleep with the door unlocked and the window open．
他睡着了，门未锁，窗子开着。
④With the problem solved(solve), he felt relaxed.
问题解决了，他感到很放松。
⑤With so much homework to_do(do), I can’t go to play basketball with you.
有这么多的作业要做，我不能和你去打篮球。
品句填词
Don’t ____________(混合) business with pleasure.
答案：mix
They couldn’t ____________(买得起) to equip their laboratories properly because of lack of funds.
答案：afford
I need to make a ____________(预订) of room for Mr.Gao.
答案：reservation
Only ticket-holders will be ____________(允许进入) into the stadium.
答案：admitted
The woman bought some ____________(布) to make trousers for her family.
答案：cloth
His behaviour ____________(使厌恶) everybody.
答案：disgusted
He ____________(蘸) his pen in the ink.
答案：dipped
Cut the meat into thin ____________(片)．
答案：slices
选词填空
focus on；cut out；cut up；upwards of；lay out；admission to；cut off；have a go1.Will you please ________________ the meat and then put it on the plate?
答案：cut up
2．He found himself struggling to ________________ the discussion.
答案：focus on
3．He ____________ an article ____________ of the newspaper.
答案：cut；out
4．I have never played tennis before, but I decided to ________________ anyway.
答案：have a go
5．You should expect to pay ________________ ￡50 for a hotel room.
答案：upwards of
6．He ________________ the map on the table just now.
答案：laid out
7．The water supply has been ________________．
答案：cut off
8．________________ the club is restricted to members only.
答案：Admission to
完成句子
——今天下午我不打算去购物。
——我也是。我打算在家读点东西。
—I’m not going shopping this afternoon.
—________________．I want to do some reading at home.
答案：Neither am I
他收到电报，就马上出发了。
No sooner ________________________ the telegram than he started off at once.
答案：had he received
是多年的努力工作造就了今天的他。
________________________ has made him what he is today.
答案：It’s years of hard work that
他躺在草地上，眼睛望着蓝色的天空。
He lay on the grass, ________________________ the blue sky.
答案：with his eyes looking at
5．你真讨厌，我没时间玩。
________________________. I don’t have time for fun.
答案：You’re disgusting
他今天要走的话，星期三就能到那儿。
________________________ today, he would get there by Wednesday.
答案：Were he to leave
课文语篇改错
Pizza faces
Put your apron on and get ready to making a pizza face. Now you can be a chef and an artist. You can use variously foods to help you make a face. There are a few ideas. Use small slices of carrot and pieces of seaweed as hair, and arrange it in the style that you want. Cut off some tomatoes for eyes, pieces of cheese for ears，and a mushroom for nose. Next，you need to think about the mouth—you could make a smile from a slice of bacons. Other foods you could use to create pizza faces including onion, pineapple, eggplant and ham. Most of this foods are available for at your local grocery.
答案：
Pizza faces
Put your apron on and get ready to a pizza face. Now you can be a chef and an artist. You can use foods to help you make a face. are a few ideas. Use small slices of carrot pieces of seaweed as hair, and arrange it in the style that you want. Cut some tomatoes for eyes, pieces of cheese for ears，and a mushroom for nose. Next，you need to think about the mouth—you could make a smile from a slice of . Other foods you could use to create pizza faces onion, pineapple, eggplant and ham. Most of foods are available at your local grocery.
A卷
单句语法填空
1．The man at the gate said we had to pay ____________(admit)．
答案：admission
2．In warm weather, you should wear ____________(cloth) that is cool and comfortable.
答案：clothing
3．With nothing ____________(leave) in the cupboard, she went out to get something to eat.
答案：left
4．Why is it ____________ she is not so healthy as she used to be?
答案：that
5．Hardly had I gone out of the hotel ____________ I met my friend.
答案：when
6．My son asked me to let him have ____________ go at the heavy box.
答案：a
7．We were cut ____________ in the middle of our conversation.
答案：off
8．You must build ____________ your strength after your illness.
答案：up
9．People who harm others to benefit themselves are really ____________(disgust)．
答案：disgusting
10．You should lay ____________ your money in a planned way.
答案：out
阅读理解
A
For many years，artists have flocked to Paris，France，to paint or to learn to paint.Perhaps artists first went there because of the city’s beauty.They went to paint pictures of the broad，tree-lined streets，the great churches，and the graceful river bridges.
The artists felt comfortable in Paris because the people of the city had always enjoyed art.Paris had great art museums，filled with famous paintings and statues from many countries.And the people of Paris had always welcomed new ideas.In this city，artists felt free to experiment with new ways of painting.
As soon as famous artists painted in Paris，students came to learn from them.People came to buy paintings.People called art dealers set up galleries where paintings were bought and sold.Others kept shops that sold artists’ paints and supplies.
Students and artists who were not yet famous could live in Paris for very little money.They learned by studying great art in the museums，and they learned from one another.They held art fairs，hanging their paintings outdoors along the streets.
Today，New York City and Florence，Italy，are also famous art centers.But the world’s principal art exhibits are still held in Paris.Important judges of art live there.Most of the new ways of painting that have started in the last hundred years began in Paris.So artists and art dealers still go to Paris because it is the world’s leading art center.
1．Art students learned by studying great art in Paris’________．
A．streets B．churches
C．museums D．schools
C 解析：由第四段第二句“They learned by studying great art in the museums，and they learned from one another.”可知答案。
2．The story does not say so，but it makes you think that ________．
A．Paris is famous for its artists’paints and supplies
B．there is more than one way to paint
C．art fairs are held in galleries
D．Florence is the center of world art exhibits
B 解析：最后一段中的“Most of the new ways of painting that have started in the last hundred years began in Paris.”作者提到了new ways。
3．Important judges of art________．
A．live in Paris
B．feel free to experiment
C．work in New York
D．have no new ways of painting
A 解析：最后一段的第三句话点出答案。
4．On the whole，this story is about________．
A．the world’s most famous art center
B．how to buy a painting in Paris，France
C．the famous art centers of New York and Florence
D．where to set up galleries
A 解析：从整篇文章来看都是在讲巴黎，它是世界艺术之都。
B
When Joshua Blue, a head teacher at the Kennedy, hosts a lecture for his students, he wears a light violet－colored tie. “You don’t want so many bright colors that the kids will get distracted，” said Blue. Colors give off very specific signals, and different tie colors stand for very different impacts. Wondering what color tie to wear to your next meeting？Here’s how to choose the perfect color tie for every occasion：
All powerful reds
It’s not a coincidence(巧合) that many politicians wear red－colored ties with light shirts and darker suits. “Red is the powerful color, ” said Mark Woodman, a trend analyst who studies color in Laurel, Maryland. “There’s something about red that always comes back to strength and passion.” But the tone of your reds matters, too. Darker reds can help build trust, while lighter red and pink ties can be more of a statement about your personal style and be associated with creativity. When you want to convey a sense of ambition, consider a shiny red.
Royal purples
Ross Znavor, an executive in financial services in New York, wears purple ties rather than red to business meetings because the color shows a bit of self－confidence and helps him create lasting first impressions. Purple, traditionally a sign of royalty and wealth, is becoming more acceptable in the workplace.
Black affairs
“While you might not wear them to meetings on a regular basis，wearing black ties to a cocktail party or even a dinner is unique and attractive，” said Zyla. But remember: the formal black color can feel aggressive in many situations. “Avoid it if you are a green－hand at work，” Zyla said.
Right blues
Afraid of sending the wrong message with your tie color？Consider blue as the all－purpose tie. Blue ties are a good investment because the color reminds people of the sky and ocean. “Blue is the safest color to wear, ” Lindsay said.
【解题导语】 每一种颜色都会传递不同的信息，产生不同的影响。在想下一次开会要系什么颜色的领带吗？本文能帮你选出匹配每个场合的最佳颜色的领带。
5．Why do many politicians prefer red－colored ties?
A．Because they often wear light shirts and darker suits.
B．Because they want to get promoted.
C．Because red is related to strength and passion.
D．Because red gets their message across easily.
C 解析：细节理解题。由第二段中的“Red is the powerful color”和“There’s something about red that always comes back to strength and passion.”可知选C。
6．Who will probably choose the purple ties?
A．Politicians. B．Businessmen.
C．Artists. D．Head teachers.
B 解析：细节理解题。由第三段中的“business meetings because the color...Purple, traditionally a sign of royalty and wealth, is becoming more acceptable in the workplace.”可知，紫色会让职场人士显得自信，从而获得良好的第一印象，象征尊贵。所以最有可能选择紫色领带的应该是商业人士。
7．What color tie will you consider if you are a green－hand at work?
A．Red. B．Purple.
C．Black. D．Blue.
D 解析：推理判断题。综合全篇可以看出红色领带适合政治家；紫色领带适合商业人士；而新人应避免戴黑色领带，由最后一段中的“Consider blue as the all－purpose tie.”和“Blue is the safest color to wear”可知，对于新手来说，戴蓝色领带最为保险。
语法填空
A patent is an official document 1.____________(give) to an inventor by a government.This document 2.____________(general) gives inventors the right to stop anyone else from copying，using，distributing or selling the invention without their permission.
Inventions are the result of hard work.It may only take a moment of 3.____________(inspire) to think of a good idea but it takes a lot of research and experimentation to turn the idea into a(n) 4.____________(use) and working invention.So，inventors deserve a reward for the amount of time they spend 5.____________(develop) their ideas.They also need the security of knowing that if they share the invention with 6.____________rest of the world，nobody will steal it，use it or copy it without their permission.
Patents not only provide rewards and protection for inventors 7.____________they also benefit society.In return for patent protection，inventors agree 8.____________(show) all the technical information about their invention.This information is available to everyone and has enough details 9.____________can be used by people with basic knowledge of the invention’s field to reproduce the invention.10.____________this way，patents help to spread new knowledge.The new knowledge can in turn help others to solve different problems，or to make further advances in science and technology.
1．given 解析：考查过去分词作定语的用法。document后跟定语，又因give与document之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故填given。
2．generally 解析：考查副词。设空处修饰动词gives，故填副词generally。
3．inspiration 解析：考查名词。设空处作take的宾语，意为“灵感”，故填inspiration。
4．useful 解析：考查形容词作定语的用法。设空处作定语，意为“有用的”，故填useful。
5．developing 解析：考查动词-ing形式作宾语的用法。spend time (in) doing sth.意为“花时间做某事”。
6．the 解析：考查定冠词。the rest在此指代“其余的人”。
7．but 解析：考查连词。由not only可知，此处填but。not only...but (also)...表示“不仅……而且……”。
8．to show 解析：考查不定式作宾语的用法。agree to do sth.意为“同意做某事”。
9．that/which 解析：考查关系代词。设空处引导限制性定语从句修饰先行词details，且在从句中作主语，故填that/which。
10．In 解析：考查介词。in this way意为“以这种方式”。
B卷
阅读理解
Leonardo da Vinci, the son of a local lawyer, was born on 15 April 1452 near the Tuscan town of Vinci. He was apprenticed(做学徒) to the sculptor and painter Andrea del Verrocchio in Florence and in 1478 became an independent master. In about 1483, he moved to Milan to work for the ruling(统治的) Sforza family as an engineer, sculptor, painter and architect.
Leonardo was in Milan until the city was invaded by the French in 1499 and the Sforza family was forced to flee. He may have visited Venice before returning to Florence. During his time in Florence, he painted several portraits, but the only one that survives is the famous portrait—the Mona Lisa(1503－1506).
In 1506, Leonardo returned to Milan, staying there until 1513.This was followed by three years living in Rome. In 1517, at the invitation of the French King Francis Ⅰ， Leonardo moved to the Chateau of Cloux, near Amboise in France, where he died on 2 May，1519.
The fame of Leonardo’s surviving paintings means that he has been regarded primarily as an artist, but the thousands of surviving pages of his notebooks show the most brilliant mind. He wrote and drew on subjects including geology, anatomy(解剖学), which he studied in order to paint the human form more exactly. He “invented” the bicycle, airplane, helicopter, and parachute some 500 years ahead of their time.
If all these works had been published in an understandable form, Leonardo’s place as a pioneering scientist would have been beyond debate. Yet his true genius was not as a scientist or an artist, but as a combination of the two: an artist-engineer. His painting was scientific, based on a deep understanding of the workings of the human body and the physics of light and shade. His science was expressed through art, and his drawings and diagrams showed what he meant, and how he understood the world worked.
【解题导语】 本文介绍了达·芬奇的生平以及其在绘画、科学等方面的成就。
1．Leonardo’s career reached its peak probably during his stay in ________．
A．Milan B．Venice
C．Florence D．Rome
C 解析：推理判断题。根据文章第二段最后一句可知，达·芬奇在Florence期间创作了很多绘画，其中留下来的只有《蒙娜·丽莎》，由此推断，这个时期是他事业的巅峰。
2．Why did Leonardo study anatomy?
A．He wanted to be a doctor.
B．He had strong interest in it.
C．He wanted to invent other objects.
D．He wanted to paint the human form exactly.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段倒数第二句可知，达·芬奇研究解剖学的目的是为了更加精确地描绘人体。
3．What does the last paragraph intend to tell us?
A．Leonardo had a special way of painting.
B．Leonardo was both an artist and a scientist.
C．Leonardo was an artist instead of a scientist.
D．Leonardo was more of a scientist than an artist.
B 解析：段落大意题。综合文章最后一段，本段主要强调达·芬奇是画家和科学家的融合，既是画家也是科学家。
完形填空
Sometimes people around you can change your life. The change may not be sudden or 1 ， but little habits can produce big 2 that make you think about what is important in your life. The person who changed my life is Julia Masi. She has 3 me so many things that I will carry with me 4 my life.
One thing I’ve learned from Julia is how to balance 5 . Julia has shown me how to 6 ahead so that I can finish all my school work, enjoy sports and 7 have time for my friends. She has taught me that you can do anything if you are 8 and if you never give up. I’ve also learned that you can find anything fun or 9 if you connect it with something that you enjoy.
Last year I hated studying vocabulary, but I loved playing on my computer. Julia 10 the two and showed me a website called “freerice.com” where you can 11 a word game that gives you 5 grains of rice to donate to the poor with every correct word. She 12 me to learn a hundred new 13 by filling up the rice bowl. I liked playing the game so much that I 14 about 1，000 words in just one month.
Julia has always 15 me to try new hobbies. She showed me that going to the theater could help me become a better writer. 16 ， she taught me that discussing a play can excite an interest in reading.
17 it wasn’t for Julia I probably wouldn’t have 18 how easy it is to help the poor. There are so many ways that one person can 19 . I’ve learned to be more appreciative of what I own. I am 20 for the opportunities that I have been given. I will continue to think of ways to help those less fortunate for the rest of my life.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了朱莉娅在很多方面改变和影响了作者。
1．A．simple B．impressive
C．necessary D．slight
B 解析：由上文中的“The change may not be sudden”以及文中的描述可知，这种变化可能不那么突然或者“令人印象深刻(impressive)”。
2．A．results B．problems
C．ideas D．decisions
C 解析：由下文中的“make you think about what is important in your life”可知，小习惯会带来大“想法(ideas)”，让你思考生活中最重要的是什么。
3．A．taught B．served
C．offered D．bought
A 解析：由下段中的“One thing I’ve learned from Julia”可知，朱莉娅“教(taught)”了“我”很多东西，“我”将“毕生(throughout my life)”铭记。
4．A．for B．of
C．throughout D．into
C 解析：参见上题解析。
5．A．work B．money
C．career D．time
D 解析：由下文中的“Julia has shown me how to... have time for my friends.”可知，朱莉娅教会“我”如何平衡“时间(time)”。
6．A．plan B．get
C．move D．stay
A 解析：由该句中的“so that I can finish all my school work... have time for my friends”可知，朱莉娅教“我”要提前“计划(plan)”，这样，“我”就能做完功课，进行体育活动，“还(still)”有时间和朋友在一起。
7．A．never B．seldom
C．yet D．still
D 解析：参见上题解析。
8．A．excited B．determined
C．careful D．patient
B 解析：由下文中的“if you never give up”可知，她教“我”如果你“有决心(determined)”、不放弃，那你就能做成任何事。
9．A．important B．easy
C．possible D．interesting
D 解析：由上文中的“anything fun”可知，“我”还认识到，如果你把你正在做的事情和你喜欢的事情联系在一起，你就会发现你正在做的事情很“有趣(interesting)”。
10．A．shared B．remembered
C．combined D．separated
C 解析：由下文的描述可知，朱莉娅把记单词和玩电脑“结合(combined)”在一起。
11．A．watch B．play
C．raise D．improve
B 解析：由下文中的“I liked playing the game”可知，在这个网站，你可以“玩(play)”一个单词游戏。
12．A．challenged B．invited
C．permitted D．reminded
A 解析：朱莉娅“向我挑战(challenged)”，如果“我”学到一百个“单词(words)”，就可以把捐给穷人的米碗装满。
13．A．lessons B．skills
C．words D．stories
C 解析：参见上题解析。
14．A．learned B．read
C．used D．spelled
A 解析：“我”非常喜欢这个游戏，以至于“我”在一个月内“学会(learned)”了大约一千个单词。
15．A．allowed B．warned
C．forced D．encouraged
D 解析：由下文中的“She showed me that going to the theater could help me become a better writer.”可知，她经常“鼓励(encouraged)”“我”去尝试培养新的爱好。
16．A．Therefore B．Besides
C．However D．Otherwise
B 解析：上下句之间是递进关系，故用“此外(Besides)”。
17．A．Unless B．Since
C．Although D．If
D 解析：“如果(If)”不是朱莉娅的话，“我”可能不会“意识到(realized)”帮助穷人是多么简单的事情。
18．A．realized B．noticed
C．imagined D．dreamed
A 解析：参见上题解析。
19．A．turn away B．make a difference
C．show off D．make a mistake
B 解析：由文中的描述可知，每个人都可以“有所作为(make a difference)”。turn away“拒绝”；show off“炫耀”；make a mistake“犯错误”。
20．A．ready B．sorry
C．thankful D．anxious
C 解析：由上文中的“be more appreciative of what I own”可知，“我”很“感激(thankful)”曾经给予“我”的机会。
短文改错
Last summer I learnt to ride a bicycle. At first，I was unable to control its directions.Sometimes I fall to the right or to the left. I was worrying to ask my father impatiently how I could ride straight, so he didn’t answer me directly. Instead, he took me to side of thestreet.“Can you find any bike track what is really straight？”asked my father. I watched more carefully and shook my head.
“No，”he said，“in fact, neither of the tracks is always straight. But just by correct the direction every now and then, I have already gone forward.”
答案：
Last summer I learnt to ride a bicycle. At first，I was unable to control its .Sometimes I to the right or to the left. I was to ask my father impatiently how I could ride straight, he didn’t answer me directly. Instead, he took me to side of the street.“Can you find any bike track is really straight？”asked my father. I watched carefully and shook my head.
“No，”he said，“in fact, of the tracks is always straight. But just by the direction every now and then, have already gone forward.”
课件86张PPT。Section Ⅲ Word power, Task & ProjectUnit 3 The world of colours and light本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
品句填词
Don’t ____________(混合) business with pleasure.
答案：mix
They couldn’t ____________(买得起) to equip their laboratories properly because of lack of funds.
答案：afford
I need to make a ____________(预订) of room for Mr.Gao.
答案：reservation
Only ticket-holders will be ____________(允许进入) into the stadium.
答案：admitted
The woman bought some ____________(布) to make trousers for her family.
答案：cloth
His behaviour ____________(使厌恶) everybody.
答案：disgusted
He ____________(蘸) his pen in the ink.
答案：dipped
Cut the meat into thin ____________(片)．
答案：slices
选词填空
focus on；cut out；cut up；upwards of；lay out；admission to；cut off；have a go1.Will you please ________________ the meat and then put it on the plate?
答案：cut up
2．He found himself struggling to ________________ the discussion.
答案：focus on
3．He ____________ an article ____________ of the newspaper.
答案：cut；out
4．I have never played tennis before, but I decided to ________________ anyway.
答案：have a go
5．You should expect to pay ________________ ￡50 for a hotel room.
答案：upwards of
6．He ________________ the map on the table just now.
答案：laid out
7．The water supply has been ________________．
答案：cut off
8．________________ the club is restricted to members only.
答案：Admission to
完成句子
——今天下午我不打算去购物。
——我也是。我打算在家读点东西。
—I’m not going shopping this afternoon.
—________________．I want to do some reading at home.
答案：Neither am I
他收到电报，就马上出发了。
No sooner ________________________ the telegram than he started off at once.
答案：had he received
是多年的努力工作造就了今天的他。
________________________ has made him what he is today.
答案：It’s years of hard work that
他躺在草地上，眼睛望着蓝色的天空。
He lay on the grass, ________________________ the blue sky.
答案：with his eyes looking at
5．你真讨厌，我没时间玩。
________________________. I don’t have time for fun.
答案：You’re disgusting
他今天要走的话，星期三就能到那儿。
________________________ today, he would get there by Wednesday.
答案：Were he to leave
课文语篇改错
Pizza faces
Put your apron on and get ready to making a pizza face. Now you can be a chef and an artist. You can use variously foods to help you make a face. There are a few ideas. Use small slices of carrot and pieces of seaweed as hair, and arrange it in the style that you want. Cut off some tomatoes for eyes, pieces of cheese for ears，and a mushroom for nose. Next，you need to think about the mouth—you could make a smile from a slice of bacons. Other foods you could use to create pizza faces including onion, pineapple, eggplant and ham. Most of this foods are available for at your local grocery.
答案：
Pizza faces
Put your apron on and get ready to a pizza face. Now you can be a chef and an artist. You can use foods to help you make a face. are a few ideas. Use small slices of carrot pieces of seaweed as hair, and arrange it in the style that you want. Cut some tomatoes for eyes, pieces of cheese for ears，and a mushroom for nose. Next，you need to think about the mouth—you could make a smile from a slice of . Other foods you could use to create pizza faces onion, pineapple, eggplant and ham. Most of foods are available at your local grocery.
A卷
单句语法填空
1．The man at the gate said we had to pay ____________(admit)．
答案：admission
2．In warm weather, you should wear ____________(cloth) that is cool and comfortable.
答案：clothing
3．With nothing ____________(leave) in the cupboard, she went out to get something to eat.
答案：left
4．Why is it ____________ she is not so healthy as she used to be?
答案：that
5．Hardly had I gone out of the hotel ____________ I met my friend.
答案：when
6．My son asked me to let him have ____________ go at the heavy box.
答案：a
7．We were cut ____________ in the middle of our conversation.
答案：off
8．You must build ____________ your strength after your illness.
答案：up
9．People who harm others to benefit themselves are really ____________(disgust)．
答案：disgusting
10．You should lay ____________ your money in a planned way.
答案：out
阅读理解
A
For many years，artists have flocked to Paris，France，to paint or to learn to paint.Perhaps artists first went there because of the city’s beauty.They went to paint pictures of the broad，tree-lined streets，the great churches，and the graceful river bridges.
The artists felt comfortable in Paris because the people of the city had always enjoyed art.Paris had great art museums，filled with famous paintings and statues from many countries.And the people of Paris had always welcomed new ideas.In this city，artists felt free to experiment with new ways of painting.
As soon as famous artists painted in Paris，students came to learn from them.People came to buy paintings.People called art dealers set up galleries where paintings were bought and sold.Others kept shops that sold artists’ paints and supplies.
Students and artists who were not yet famous could live in Paris for very little money.They learned by studying great art in the museums，and they learned from one another.They held art fairs，hanging their paintings outdoors along the streets.
Today，New York City and Florence，Italy，are also famous art centers.But the world’s principal art exhibits are still held in Paris.Important judges of art live there.Most of the new ways of painting that have started in the last hundred years began in Paris.So artists and art dealers still go to Paris because it is the world’s leading art center.
1．Art students learned by studying great art in Paris’________．
A．streets B．churches
C．museums D．schools
C 解析：由第四段第二句“They learned by studying great art in the museums，and they learned from one another.”可知答案。
2．The story does not say so，but it makes you think that ________．
A．Paris is famous for its artists’paints and supplies
B．there is more than one way to paint
C．art fairs are held in galleries
D．Florence is the center of world art exhibits
B 解析：最后一段中的“Most of the new ways of painting that have started in the last hundred years began in Paris.”作者提到了new ways。
3．Important judges of art________．
A．live in Paris
B．feel free to experiment
C．work in New York
D．have no new ways of painting
A 解析：最后一段的第三句话点出答案。
4．On the whole，this story is about________．
A．the world’s most famous art center
B．how to buy a painting in Paris，France
C．the famous art centers of New York and Florence
D．where to set up galleries
A 解析：从整篇文章来看都是在讲巴黎，它是世界艺术之都。
B
When Joshua Blue, a head teacher at the Kennedy, hosts a lecture for his students, he wears a light violet－colored tie. “You don’t want so many bright colors that the kids will get distracted，” said Blue. Colors give off very specific signals, and different tie colors stand for very different impacts. Wondering what color tie to wear to your next meeting？Here’s how to choose the perfect color tie for every occasion：
All powerful reds
It’s not a coincidence(巧合) that many politicians wear red－colored ties with light shirts and darker suits. “Red is the powerful color, ” said Mark Woodman, a trend analyst who studies color in Laurel, Maryland. “There’s something about red that always comes back to strength and passion.” But the tone of your reds matters, too. Darker reds can help build trust, while lighter red and pink ties can be more of a statement about your personal style and be associated with creativity. When you want to convey a sense of ambition, consider a shiny red.
Royal purples
Ross Znavor, an executive in financial services in New York, wears purple ties rather than red to business meetings because the color shows a bit of self－confidence and helps him create lasting first impressions. Purple, traditionally a sign of royalty and wealth, is becoming more acceptable in the workplace.
Black affairs
“While you might not wear them to meetings on a regular basis，wearing black ties to a cocktail party or even a dinner is unique and attractive，” said Zyla. But remember: the formal black color can feel aggressive in many situations. “Avoid it if you are a green－hand at work，” Zyla said.
Right blues
Afraid of sending the wrong message with your tie color？Consider blue as the all－purpose tie. Blue ties are a good investment because the color reminds people of the sky and ocean. “Blue is the safest color to wear, ” Lindsay said.
【解题导语】 每一种颜色都会传递不同的信息，产生不同的影响。在想下一次开会要系什么颜色的领带吗？本文能帮你选出匹配每个场合的最佳颜色的领带。
5．Why do many politicians prefer red－colored ties?
A．Because they often wear light shirts and darker suits.
B．Because they want to get promoted.
C．Because red is related to strength and passion.
D．Because red gets their message across easily.
C 解析：细节理解题。由第二段中的“Red is the powerful color”和“There’s something about red that always comes back to strength and passion.”可知选C。
6．Who will probably choose the purple ties?
A．Politicians. B．Businessmen.
C．Artists. D．Head teachers.
B 解析：细节理解题。由第三段中的“business meetings because the color...Purple, traditionally a sign of royalty and wealth, is becoming more acceptable in the workplace.”可知，紫色会让职场人士显得自信，从而获得良好的第一印象，象征尊贵。所以最有可能选择紫色领带的应该是商业人士。
7．What color tie will you consider if you are a green－hand at work?
A．Red. B．Purple.
C．Black. D．Blue.
D 解析：推理判断题。综合全篇可以看出红色领带适合政治家；紫色领带适合商业人士；而新人应避免戴黑色领带，由最后一段中的“Consider blue as the all－purpose tie.”和“Blue is the safest color to wear”可知，对于新手来说，戴蓝色领带最为保险。
语法填空
A patent is an official document 1.____________(give) to an inventor by a government.This document 2.____________(general) gives inventors the right to stop anyone else from copying，using，distributing or selling the invention without their permission.
Inventions are the result of hard work.It may only take a moment of 3.____________(inspire) to think of a good idea but it takes a lot of research and experimentation to turn the idea into a(n) 4.____________(use) and working invention.So，inventors deserve a reward for the amount of time they spend 5.____________(develop) their ideas.They also need the security of knowing that if they share the invention with 6.____________rest of the world，nobody will steal it，use it or copy it without their permission.
Patents not only provide rewards and protection for inventors 7.____________they also benefit society.In return for patent protection，inventors agree 8.____________(show) all the technical information about their invention.This information is available to everyone and has enough details 9.____________can be used by people with basic knowledge of the invention’s field to reproduce the invention.10.____________this way，patents help to spread new knowledge.The new knowledge can in turn help others to solve different problems，or to make further advances in science and technology.
1．given 解析：考查过去分词作定语的用法。document后跟定语，又因give与document之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故填given。
2．generally 解析：考查副词。设空处修饰动词gives，故填副词generally。
3．inspiration 解析：考查名词。设空处作take的宾语，意为“灵感”，故填inspiration。
4．useful 解析：考查形容词作定语的用法。设空处作定语，意为“有用的”，故填useful。
5．developing 解析：考查动词-ing形式作宾语的用法。spend time (in) doing sth.意为“花时间做某事”。
6．the 解析：考查定冠词。the rest在此指代“其余的人”。
7．but 解析：考查连词。由not only可知，此处填but。not only...but (also)...表示“不仅……而且……”。
8．to show 解析：考查不定式作宾语的用法。agree to do sth.意为“同意做某事”。
9．that/which 解析：考查关系代词。设空处引导限制性定语从句修饰先行词details，且在从句中作主语，故填that/which。
10．In 解析：考查介词。in this way意为“以这种方式”。
B卷
阅读理解
Leonardo da Vinci, the son of a local lawyer, was born on 15 April 1452 near the Tuscan town of Vinci. He was apprenticed(做学徒) to the sculptor and painter Andrea del Verrocchio in Florence and in 1478 became an independent master. In about 1483, he moved to Milan to work for the ruling(统治的) Sforza family as an engineer, sculptor, painter and architect.
Leonardo was in Milan until the city was invaded by the French in 1499 and the Sforza family was forced to flee. He may have visited Venice before returning to Florence. During his time in Florence, he painted several portraits, but the only one that survives is the famous portrait—the Mona Lisa(1503－1506).
In 1506, Leonardo returned to Milan, staying there until 1513.This was followed by three years living in Rome. In 1517, at the invitation of the French King Francis Ⅰ， Leonardo moved to the Chateau of Cloux, near Amboise in France, where he died on 2 May，1519.
The fame of Leonardo’s surviving paintings means that he has been regarded primarily as an artist, but the thousands of surviving pages of his notebooks show the most brilliant mind. He wrote and drew on subjects including geology, anatomy(解剖学), which he studied in order to paint the human form more exactly. He “invented” the bicycle, airplane, helicopter, and parachute some 500 years ahead of their time.
If all these works had been published in an understandable form, Leonardo’s place as a pioneering scientist would have been beyond debate. Yet his true genius was not as a scientist or an artist, but as a combination of the two: an artist-engineer. His painting was scientific, based on a deep understanding of the workings of the human body and the physics of light and shade. His science was expressed through art, and his drawings and diagrams showed what he meant, and how he understood the world worked.
【解题导语】 本文介绍了达·芬奇的生平以及其在绘画、科学等方面的成就。
1．Leonardo’s career reached its peak probably during his stay in ________．
A．Milan B．Venice
C．Florence D．Rome
C 解析：推理判断题。根据文章第二段最后一句可知，达·芬奇在Florence期间创作了很多绘画，其中留下来的只有《蒙娜·丽莎》，由此推断，这个时期是他事业的巅峰。
2．Why did Leonardo study anatomy?
A．He wanted to be a doctor.
B．He had strong interest in it.
C．He wanted to invent other objects.
D．He wanted to paint the human form exactly.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段倒数第二句可知，达·芬奇研究解剖学的目的是为了更加精确地描绘人体。
3．What does the last paragraph intend to tell us?
A．Leonardo had a special way of painting.
B．Leonardo was both an artist and a scientist.
C．Leonardo was an artist instead of a scientist.
D．Leonardo was more of a scientist than an artist.
B 解析：段落大意题。综合文章最后一段，本段主要强调达·芬奇是画家和科学家的融合，既是画家也是科学家。
完形填空
Sometimes people around you can change your life. The change may not be sudden or 1 ， but little habits can produce big 2 that make you think about what is important in your life. The person who changed my life is Julia Masi. She has 3 me so many things that I will carry with me 4 my life.
One thing I’ve learned from Julia is how to balance 5 . Julia has shown me how to 6 ahead so that I can finish all my school work, enjoy sports and 7 have time for my friends. She has taught me that you can do anything if you are 8 and if you never give up. I’ve also learned that you can find anything fun or 9 if you connect it with something that you enjoy.
Last year I hated studying vocabulary, but I loved playing on my computer. Julia 10 the two and showed me a website called “freerice.com” where you can 11 a word game that gives you 5 grains of rice to donate to the poor with every correct word. She 12 me to learn a hundred new 13 by filling up the rice bowl. I liked playing the game so much that I 14 about 1，000 words in just one month.
Julia has always 15 me to try new hobbies. She showed me that going to the theater could help me become a better writer. 16 ， she taught me that discussing a play can excite an interest in reading.
17 it wasn’t for Julia I probably wouldn’t have 18 how easy it is to help the poor. There are so many ways that one person can 19 . I’ve learned to be more appreciative of what I own. I am 20 for the opportunities that I have been given. I will continue to think of ways to help those less fortunate for the rest of my life.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了朱莉娅在很多方面改变和影响了作者。
1．A．simple B．impressive
C．necessary D．slight
B 解析：由上文中的“The change may not be sudden”以及文中的描述可知，这种变化可能不那么突然或者“令人印象深刻(impressive)”。
2．A．results B．problems
C．ideas D．decisions
C 解析：由下文中的“make you think about what is important in your life”可知，小习惯会带来大“想法(ideas)”，让你思考生活中最重要的是什么。
3．A．taught B．served
C．offered D．bought
A 解析：由下段中的“One thing I’ve learned from Julia”可知，朱莉娅“教(taught)”了“我”很多东西，“我”将“毕生(throughout my life)”铭记。
4．A．for B．of
C．throughout D．into
C 解析：参见上题解析。
5．A．work B．money
C．career D．time
D 解析：由下文中的“Julia has shown me how to... have time for my friends.”可知，朱莉娅教会“我”如何平衡“时间(time)”。
6．A．plan B．get
C．move D．stay
A 解析：由该句中的“so that I can finish all my school work... have time for my friends”可知，朱莉娅教“我”要提前“计划(plan)”，这样，“我”就能做完功课，进行体育活动，“还(still)”有时间和朋友在一起。
7．A．never B．seldom
C．yet D．still
D 解析：参见上题解析。
8．A．excited B．determined
C．careful D．patient
B 解析：由下文中的“if you never give up”可知，她教“我”如果你“有决心(determined)”、不放弃，那你就能做成任何事。
9．A．important B．easy
C．possible D．interesting
D 解析：由上文中的“anything fun”可知，“我”还认识到，如果你把你正在做的事情和你喜欢的事情联系在一起，你就会发现你正在做的事情很“有趣(interesting)”。
10．A．shared B．remembered
C．combined D．separated
C 解析：由下文的描述可知，朱莉娅把记单词和玩电脑“结合(combined)”在一起。
11．A．watch B．play
C．raise D．improve
B 解析：由下文中的“I liked playing the game”可知，在这个网站，你可以“玩(play)”一个单词游戏。
12．A．challenged B．invited
C．permitted D．reminded
A 解析：朱莉娅“向我挑战(challenged)”，如果“我”学到一百个“单词(words)”，就可以把捐给穷人的米碗装满。
13．A．lessons B．skills
C．words D．stories
C 解析：参见上题解析。
14．A．learned B．read
C．used D．spelled
A 解析：“我”非常喜欢这个游戏，以至于“我”在一个月内“学会(learned)”了大约一千个单词。
15．A．allowed B．warned
C．forced D．encouraged
D 解析：由下文中的“She showed me that going to the theater could help me become a better writer.”可知，她经常“鼓励(encouraged)”“我”去尝试培养新的爱好。
16．A．Therefore B．Besides
C．However D．Otherwise
B 解析：上下句之间是递进关系，故用“此外(Besides)”。
17．A．Unless B．Since
C．Although D．If
D 解析：“如果(If)”不是朱莉娅的话，“我”可能不会“意识到(realized)”帮助穷人是多么简单的事情。
18．A．realized B．noticed
C．imagined D．dreamed
A 解析：参见上题解析。
19．A．turn away B．make a difference
C．show off D．make a mistake
B 解析：由文中的描述可知，每个人都可以“有所作为(make a difference)”。turn away“拒绝”；show off“炫耀”；make a mistake“犯错误”。
20．A．ready B．sorry
C．thankful D．anxious
C 解析：由上文中的“be more appreciative of what I own”可知，“我”很“感激(thankful)”曾经给予“我”的机会。
短文改错
Last summer I learnt to ride a bicycle. At first，I was unable to control its directions.Sometimes I fall to the right or to the left. I was worrying to ask my father impatiently how I could ride straight, so he didn’t answer me directly. Instead, he took me to side of thestreet.“Can you find any bike track what is really straight？”asked my father. I watched more carefully and shook my head.
“No，”he said，“in fact, neither of the tracks is always straight. But just by correct the direction every now and then, I have already gone forward.”
答案：
Last summer I learnt to ride a bicycle. At first，I was unable to control its .Sometimes I to the right or to the left. I was to ask my father impatiently how I could ride straight, he didn’t answer me directly. Instead, he took me to side of the street.“Can you find any bike track is really straight？”asked my father. I watched carefully and shook my head.
“No，”he said，“in fact, of the tracks is always straight. But just by the direction every now and then, have already gone forward.”
Section Ⅳ Grammar & Writing
倒装句
一、倒装句的类型
倒装句有完全倒装和部分倒装两种，完全倒装是将整个谓语放在主语前，部分倒装是将谓语的一部分放在主语前。
二、倒装句的用法
全部倒装的用法
用法
例句
特别提示
主系表结构的一般疑问句和特殊疑问句
Is she the famous pop star？
她是那个著名的流行歌手吗？
What is your favourite subject?
你最喜欢的科目是什么？
特殊疑问句中，如果疑问代词作主语或修饰主语时，无须倒装
表示地点的介词短语置于句首或强调地点概念时
Between the two buildings stands a tall tree. 在两座大楼之间有棵大树。
Out of the jungle came an old man.
从树林里走出来一个老人。
主句动词常
为be，sit，
live，lie，
stand，rise，
go，come等
副词here，
there，then，
now，in，out，
up，down，
away，off，
over，next，
such，back
等作状语置于句首时
There goes the bell and class is over.
铃响了，下课了。
Here’s the remote control. 遥控器在这里。
Now comes your turn.
现在轮到你了。
Up jumped the cat and caught the mouse.
猫跳上去抓住了老鼠。
(1)若主语为人称代词，则用陈述语序
(2)there be句型也属于完全倒装
直接引语的全部或一部分置于句首时
Help! Shouted the boy.
救命！那男孩大声喊道。“Exactly，” said my father, shaking the old man’s hand. “一点也不错，”爸爸握着老人的手说。
若引述动词后还有间接宾语或状语时则不用倒装
为强调表语，把表语置于句首时，或为保持句子平衡时
Gone are the days when women were looked down upon. 妇女受歧视的年代一去不复返了。
Present at the meeting was Mr.Liu，who taught us English. 出席会议的是教我们英语的刘老师。
主语通常是名词
表示祝愿的句子
Long live the People’s Republic of China!
中华人民共和国万岁！
may表祝愿时常用部分倒装
部分倒装的用法
用法
例句
主谓宾结构的疑问句
Have you tried western food？ 你尝试过西餐吗？
Which languages did you study at school？ 你上学时学的都是哪些语言？
How soon will the tourists be back to China?
游客多久返回中国？
表示否定意义或半否定意义的副词、介词短语、连词等置于句首时，常见词语有never，little，seldom，hardly，scarcely，rarely，at no time，in no way等
Not a single book did I read this week.
本周我一本书也没读。
Little did he know that the police were around.
他一点儿也不知道警察就在旁边。
Barely had Laurene seen Mckay moved so fast.
劳伦娜很少看到麦凯走得这么快。
由only强调的或not until引导的状语置于句首时
Only by working hard can we succeed. 只有努力工作，我们才能成功。
Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.
直到开始工作，我才意识到自己浪费了多少时间。
在so/such...that(结果状语从句)结构中，so或such引导的部分置于句首时
So shallow is the river that nobody can swim in it.
河这么浅，因此没有人能在里面游泳。
Such a good boy is he that we all love him.
他是那么好的一个孩子，我们都喜欢他。
so/neither/nor置于句首，表示前者情况也适用于后者，其句型为：so/neither/nor＋be/助动词/情态动词＋主语(...)
Neither could we get rid of the smell of fish.
我们也没能除掉鱼腥味。
I loved this movie and so did all my friends. 我喜欢这部电影，我所有的朋友也喜欢。
省略if的虚拟条件句将had/were/should置于句首时引起的倒装
Were she my friend，I would ask her for help.
如果她是我的朋友，我就会请她帮忙。
may表示祝愿时
May you be in good health！祝你身体健康！
May you have a pleasant journey to Europe!
祝你欧洲旅行愉快！
neither...nor...连接并列的句子，前后都倒装
Neither do I know it，nor do I care about it.
我不知道那件事，也不关心。
no sooner...than，hardly...when，not only...but also等句型中no sooner，hardly，not only等置于句首时，前句用倒装，后句不用
No sooner had he returned home than he began to prepare supper.
他一到家就开始准备晚饭。
Hardly had we begun when we were told to stop.
我们刚开始就被叫停。
Not only am I interested in photography，but I took a course at university.
我不仅对摄影感兴趣，在大学里我还上过摄影课。
对接高考
①Not until recently did they encourage the development of tourist－related activities in the rural areas.
直到近期，他们才开始鼓励农村地区与旅游有关的活动的发展。
②Only after a year of friendly discussion did Ms. Garza finally say yes.
经过一年的友好协商，加尔萨女士终于答应了。
③(湖南卷)Only when you can find peace in your heart will you keep good relationships with others.
只有当你找到内心的平静以后，你才可以和别人保持良好的关系。
选择括号内的正确表达形式，完成下列句子
Jim talked for about half an hour yesterday.Never ________________ he talked so much.(I had heard, had I heard)
答案：had I heard
So ________________ that it is dangerous for people to swim in it.(deep the river is, deep is the river)
答案：deep is the river
____________ had he entered the room than he found something stolen.(Hardly, No sooner)
答案：No sooner
Only in this way ________________ progress in your study.(can you make, you can make)
答案：can you make
________________ he went home did he find he had left his book in the classroom.(Not until, It was not until)
答案：Not until
Not a single song ________________ at yesterday’s party.(did she sing, she did sing)
答案：did she sing
When the beasts were about to win in the battle, ________________ to join them.(down flew the bat, down did the bat fly)
答案：down flew the bat
My brother had a bad cold last week, and so ____________ I．(did, had)
答案：did
语法与写作
我们只有充分利用每时每刻才能按时完成这项艰巨的任务。(only)
________________________________________________
答案：Only by making full use of every minute can we accomplish the demanding task on time.
他一走进体育馆比赛就开始了。(hardly...when...)
________________________________________________
答案：Hardly had he stepped into the stadium when the match began.
在校门两边分别站着一队学生，问候来校上课的老师和学生。(介词短语放到句首)
________________________________________________
答案：On each side of the school gate stand a team of students, greeting the teachers and students who come to school.
中国从来没有像今天这样强大。(never)
________________________________________________
答案：Never before has China been so/as powerful as it is today.
在世界上没有别的地方能像这个城市那样美丽。(nowhere else)
________________________________________________
答案：Nowhere else in the world is there a place as beautiful as this city.
如何写调查报告
文体感知
一、题型说明
调查报告是针对某一现象、某一事件或某一问题进行深入细致的调查。这一类写作题，要求根据调查结果，对某种现象进行分析并谈谈自己的看法，写一份调查报告。
二、策略指导
1．应该站在读者的角度去思考；
2．要写明调查原因、调查过程、调查结果以及你得出的结论；
3．用一般现在时态；
4．常见的写作方法：
①按调查的先后顺序逐点写；
②按事物发展的阶段来写；
③将两种事物进行对比， 以显示其是非、优劣，找出其差异来写；
④按调查对象的特点分门别类来写。
三、技巧点拨
1．注意审题，转换图表。撰写调查报告时，通常需要结合图表，观察、对比调查数据，并把调查结果和数据转换为文字表达，并按写作内容给出的要点按顺序进行写作。
2．确定时态，规范全文。引出报告结果或数据时，发表议论和个人观点，通常用一般现在时。若出现具体的时间状语，如last year, next year, recently等时，应根据具体情况使用适当的时态。
3．变换表达，丰富词汇。调查报告中多出现相同内容的描述或分析，为避免重复，建议使用不同语言和句式表达同类信息。
常用句式
1．描写变化及总趋势特征、分析差异、数据说明常用句式：
①There is a great/slight increase/rise in...
②The number/rate has nearly doubled, compared with that of last year.
③The number is...times as much as that of...
2．原因说明常用句式：
①The reason for...is that...
②The change results from the fact that...
③There are several causes for this significant growth in...First...Second...
3．结尾常用句式：
①In my opinion/Personally/As far as I’m concerned/In short/In brief/In a word/In conclusion...
②It’s clear/evident from the chart that.../We can draw the conclusion that...
③From what has been discussed above, we can draw the conclusion that...
④Obviously, if we want to...it is necessary.../There is no doubt that attention must be paid...
写作要求
下面的图表和漫画反映了世界上野生动物种类的变化情况和原因，请根据你对图表和漫画的理解，用英语写一篇报告。
你的报告应包含以下内容：
1．描述野生动物种类的变化趋势；
2．分析导致野生动物种类变化的原因；
3．谈谈你对保护野生动物的看法和建议。
注意：
1．可参照图表中文字及下面文章开头所给的提示，做必要的发挥想象；
2．词数100左右，开头已经写好，不计入总词数；
3．作文中不得提及考生所在学校和本人姓名。
Many animals are in danger of dying out.As is clearly shown in the bar chart，the kinds of wild animals have decreased sharply in the past thirty years._________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
审题谋篇
项目
结论
体裁
应用文
话题
野生动物保护
时态
一般现在时
人称
第三人称
词句推敲
1．词汇
①急剧下降 ________________
②解释，是……的原因 ________________
③试图做…… ________________
④导致________________
⑤禁止做某事________________
答案：①decrease sharply ②account for ③make an attempt to do... ④result in ⑤forbid doing sth.
2．句式
(1)在过去的三十年里野生动物种类急剧下降。
①A number of wild animal species ________________________ in the past thirty years.
②The kinds of wild animals ________________________ in the past thirty years.
(2)为了获取巨额利润，人类经常非法捕猎野生动物。
①Human beings often hunt wild animals illegally _________________________________．
②Human beings __________________________ hunt wild animals for_a_big_profit．
(3)我们应该尽力给动物们一个良好的生存环境。
①We human beings should ________________________ improve wild animals’ living environment.
②We human beings should ________________________ improve wild animals’ living environment.
(4)人类与野生动物要和谐相处。
①Human beings and wild animals should ________________________ each other.
②Human beings should ________________________ wild animals.
答案：(1)①have quickly disappeared
②have decreased sharply
(2)①to sell them to earn large amount of money
②are making attempts to
(3)①try our best to
②spare no effort to
(4)①get along well with
②live in harmony with
妙笔成篇
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Many_animals_are_in_danger_of_dying_out.As_is_clearly_shown_in_the_bar_chart，the_kinds_of_wild_animals_have_decreased_sharply_in_the_past_thirty_years.With about 300, 000 kinds of animals decreasing on average each year，as a result，there were only 1.5 million left till 2010.
Apart from the polluted environment and natural disasters，illegal killing is an important reason.Human beings are making attempts to hunt wild animals for fashion and a big profit，which can be seen vividly from the right picture.This has resulted in a sharp decrease in the number of animals.
In my opinion，it is high time to take actions. We should spare no effort to improve wild animals’ living environment.In addition，the government should pass some firm laws to forbid abuse killing.Only in this way can we live in harmony with wild animals.
A卷
单句语法填空
1．Seldom ____________(do) he go out for dinner.
答案：does
2．No sooner had we reached the airport ____________ the plane took off.
答案：than
3．Not until the rain stopped ____________ he leave the room.
答案：did
4．Only when he returned home ____________ he realize what had happened.
答案：did
5．____________ cold was the weather that we had to stay at home.
答案：So
6．____________(be) it not for your help, I would still be homeless.
答案：Were
7．Once upon a time there ____________(live) a man known by the name of Beef.
答案：lived
8．Down ____________(come) the rain and up went the umbrellas.
答案：came
9．So sudden was the attack ____________ we had no time to escape.
答案：that
10．Only after her death ____________ I able to appreciate her.
答案：was
阅读理解
The island of Cuba is no bigger than Pennsylvania. Yet when it comes to nature, the island is one of the most important places on the planet. That is the message of ！Cuba！， an exhibit that opened in November at the American Museum of Natural History(AMNH), in New York City.
“The biodiversity(生物多样性) of Cuba is part of Cuban identity，” Ana Luz Porzecanski says. She is the director of the Center for Biodiversity and Conservation at AMNH and one of the two curators(a person in charge of a museum exhibit) of the exhibit.
Detailed recreations of four habitats transport typical parts of Cuba’s landscapes and seascapes to New York. They include ancient caves and a network of reefs(珊瑚礁). One area features live anole lizards, a Cuban tree frog, and a Cuban boa.
Cuba boasts more than 6，500 species of plants, 161 kinds of reptiles, 65 types of amphibians, 42 species of mammals, and 367 bird species. One of those is the bee hummingbird. Weighing far less than an ounce(about 28 grams), it is the smallest bird on Earth.
Much of the wildlife found in Cuba exists only there. That gives scientists a unique opportunity to study how plants and animals develop and survive.
“Cuba is a very exciting place for us to look at all these different processes，” says Christopher Raxworthy. He is in charge of one department of the museum and a cocurator of the exhibit. “But that also creates great challenges for conservation.”
Climate change is threatening Cuba’s wildlife.Some species may even disappear. The country is taking steps to protect its plants and animals. But AMNH hopes ！Cuba! will show how important the country’s natural world is to everyone.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。美国自然历史博物馆举办的展览！Cuba！展示了古巴丰富的生物多样性。
1．What can be known about ！Cuba！？
A．It shows Cuba’s rich biodiversity.
B．It compares the islands on the planet.
C．It features Cuba’s social development.
D．It opens in a museum in Pennsylvania.
A 解析：细节理解题。由第一段中的“when it comes to nature, the island is one of the most important places on the planet. That is the message of ！Cuba！”以及第二段中的“The biodiversity(生物多样性) of Cuba is part of Cuban identity”可知，！Cuba！是在纽约的美国自然历史博物馆举办的一次展览，主要展示了古巴丰富的生物多样性。
2．What does the underlined word “boasts” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A．Increases. B．Needs.
C．Has. D．Expects.
C 解析：词义猜测题。由画线词后的内容可知，古巴拥有6 500种植物、161种爬行动物、65种两栖动物、42种哺乳动物和367种鸟类，这也照应了上文中提到的古巴丰富的生物多样性。
3．What does Christopher find challenging?
A．To organize the exhibition.
B．To observe plants and animals.
C．To study the unique species of Cuba.
D．To protect the native wildlife of Cuba.
D 解析：细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的“But that also creates great challenges for conservation.”可知，保护古巴的野生动植物是一大挑战。
4．What is the best title for the text?
A．Cuba Fights Climate Change
B．Travel from Cuba to America
C．Wildlife Conservation Faces Threat
D．AMNH’s Cuba Exhibit Explores Biodiversity
D 解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了在纽约的美国自然历史博物馆举办的展览！Cuba！展示了古巴丰富的生物多样性。D项作标题符合文章主旨。
完形填空
Lyse Doucet lives a happy life in Chicago.But recently there is some difficulty for her and her family.She and her husband have each other’s parents and young daughter and for that they are
1 .But she and her husband are both currently 2 ．And their car is in great need of 3 ．And then there is the matter of their second child, who is 4 soon.So things are a little tense for the Doucet family these days.
When Lyse and her daughter were walking through a store 5 lot recently, Lyse picked up an envelope from the ground that 6 $4, 000 in cash.There were a 7 of different explanations that could be considered.Was this a kind of good 8 ？ Could it be an attempt by the universe to balance everything? Could it be simply a gift from God? Lyse didn’t know.The only thing she knew was that the cash in that envelope 9 to someone else.Oh, and one other thing she knew: her young daughter was 10 ．“My kid was standing right there 11 I found it，” Lyse told WLS-TV in Chicago.“So basically I wanted to teach my daughter how to be 12 ．And for me that was enough.”
Never mind the bills that were 13 ， or the car that needed to be fixed, or the baby that would come soon.And forgot that when she 14 the money over to the police she was told that there was actually nothing illegal if she 15 it.
The police were able to return the money to the person who 16 it—an old woman.And one can imagine the joy and 17 she felt when the police handed the lost envelop back to her.“She came to my house and she was almost in tears, 18 me，” Lyse said.“She gave me a hug and an envelope with a small 19 in it.But what was in it wasn’t 20 ．What mattered was the opportunity to teach my daughter honesty.”
1．A．restricted B．upset
C．grateful D．sensitive
C 解析：restricted “有限的”； upset “沮丧的”； grateful “感激的”； sensitive “敏感的”。句意：双方父母都在， 还有一个小女儿， 他们对这样的生活很感激。故选C。
2．A．appreciated B．unemployed
C．disappointed D．removed
B 解析：appreciate “感激， 欣赏”； unemploy “解雇， 失业”； disappoint “对……失望”； remove “移除”。前文提到对那样的生活感到感激，But在此表转折， 由此可知生活出现不好的变化， B选项符合逻辑。句意：但是她和她丈夫现在双双失业了。
3．A．cash B．protection
C．sale D．repair
D 解析：cash “现金”； protection “保护”； sale “出售”； repair “修理”。第一段最后一句 “So things are a little tense for the Doucet family these days.”可知这一家的生活很紧张。故前面由几个and连接的句子都是造成生活紧张的原因， 故可知车需要花钱修理。故选D。由倒数第二段的 “the car that needed to be fixed” 也可得知答案。
4．A．sick B．due
C．desperate D．dull
B 解析：sick “生病的”； due “预期的， 到期的”； desperate “绝望的”； dull “呆滞的”。第一段提到家庭成员， 双方父母加上一个女儿， 可知此处的第二个孩子应该尚未出生， 故选B。由倒数第二段的 “the baby that would come soon” 也可得知答案。
5．A．gathering B．begging
C．cleaning D．parking
D 解析：gather “收集， 集聚”； beg “乞求”； clean “清洁， 打扫”； park “停车”。parking lot为固定搭配， 意为 “停车场”。句意：最近Lyse和女儿经过一家商店的停车场的时候。故选D。
6．A．contained B．involved
C．charged D．paid
A 解析：contain “包含， 容纳”； involve “包含， 涉及”； charge “收费， 投诉”； pay “支付”。句意：Lyse从地上捡起个信封， 里面有4 000美元现金。此处要注意contain和involve的区别， 前者强调有形的物体， 后者则表示抽象的东西或人。故选A。
7．A．handful B．deal
C．number D．flood
C 解析：a handful of “一把， 少数”； a deal of “大量的， 相当多的”， 后面接不可数名词； a number of “大量的”， 后接可数名词复数； a flood of “一大批的， 如洪水般的(强调涌现出来)”。后面为explanations, 且此处没有强调这些理由涌现出来的意味， 只是强调数量之多， 故选C。
8．A．expense B．luck
C．hope D．prize
B 解析：expense “开支， 花费”； luck “运气， 幸运”； hope “希望”； prize “奖赏”。句意：这是一种好运气吗？面对捡到的这些钱， Lyse在想是否是运气的眷顾。故选B。
9．A．belonged B．reacted
C．pointed D．responded
A 解析：belong “属于”； react “反应， 重演”； point “指出”； respond “回应， 答复”。sth.belong(s) to sb.“某物属于某人”。句意：她只知道这个装有现金的信封是别人的。故选A。
10．A．urging B．affecting
C．laughing D．watching
D 解析：urge “催促”； affect “影响”； laugh “大笑”； watch “注视着”。由后文可知， Lyse捡钱的时候， 女儿在旁边看着； 且后文讲述了她为了给女儿树立好榜样， 把钱物归原主， 故选D。
11．A．before B．when
C．because D．though
B 解析：句意：当我捡钱的时候， 女儿就站在旁边。应选when。
12．A．ripe B．loyal
C．honest D．humorous
C 解析：ripe “成熟的”； loyal “忠诚的”； honest “诚实的”； humorous “幽默的”。捡到他人的财物， 不管自己多么需要， 也要物归原主， 这是诚信问题。故选C。
13．A．passing by B．giving away
C．showing off D．piling up
D 解析：pass by “路过”； give away “颁发； 赠送； 泄露”； show off “卖弄； 炫耀”； pile up “堆积， 积聚”。句意：不管账单是否堆积如山， 车子急需修理， 孩子即将出生。故选D。
14．A．turned B．watched
C．got D．collected
A 解析：turn sth.over “将……移交”。句意：她把捡来的钱移交给警察。故选A。
15．A．checked B．made
C．kept D．promoted
C 解析：check “检查”； make “做”； keep “保留”； promote “提升”。句意：她被告知就算她把钱留着也不算犯法。故选C。
16．A．sent B．lost
C．disliked D．generated
B 解析：send “送， 发送”； lose “丢失”； dislike “不喜欢， 厌恶”； generate “产生”。句意：警察把钱归还给丢失钱的人， 一位老妇人。故选B。
17．A．relief B．anxiety
C．tension D．respect
A 解析：relief “宽慰， 安心”； anxiety “焦虑”； tension “紧张”； respect “尊重”。空白处与joy是并列关系， 故选A。句意：可以想象她是多么的高兴和宽慰。
18．A．comforting B．congratulating
C．thanking D．offending
C 解析：comfort “使舒适”； congratulate “祝贺， 恭喜”； thank “感谢”； offend “冒犯， 得罪”。句意：她来到我家来感谢我， 几乎要哭了。失主对归还东西的人自然是存着感激之情， 故选C。
19．A．option B．present
C．envelope D．amount
D 解析：option “选择”； present “礼物”； envelope “信封”； amount “数量， 数额”。作为回报， 失主在信封里装了一点钱。故选D。
20．A．important B．serious
C．sufficient D．efficient
A 解析：important “重要的”； serious “严肃的”； sufficient “充足的”； efficient “有效的”。句意：信封里面装的是什么并不重要， 重要的是有机会教导女儿要诚信。故选A。
B卷
阅读理解
A
(2019·山西大同一中月考)Before you make friends，you have to decide who you want to be your friends. Most people like to have friends who like to do the same thing they do.
The quickest way to make a friend is to smile. When you smile，people think you are friendly and easy to talk to. It may not be easy at first to smile，but remember most people will stay away from a scared(害怕的) or angry looking face.
One easy way to start a conversation with someone is to say something nice about him. Think about how great you feel when someone says something nice to you. Doesn’t it make you want to keep talking to that person?
Ask your new friends questions about themselves. Who’s their favorite singer，where do they live，what do they do after school are all good questions to start a conversation. Make sure you have something to add to the conversation，too. When someone asks you a question，do have an answer for them. There’s nothing that will stop a conversation quicker than a_shrug for an answer.
Kids who show an interest in other kids and who are kind and friendly make good friends. Remember，everyone wants to be around people who like to do similar(相似的) things and people who are nice to them.
【解题导语】 大多数人都想交兴趣相同的朋友，那么到底该如何交朋友呢？本文给出了一些建议。
1．This passage gives us some advice on ________．
A．how to make friends
B．what kind of person you can make friends with
C．how to start a conversation
D．the importance of smile
A 解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知文章主要讲述了如何交朋友，故选A。
2．Most people like to make friends with those ________．
A．who are sad every day
B．who share the same interest
C．who are fond of talking
D．who say bad things to them
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段Most people like to have friends who like to do the same thing they do.和最后一段内容可知兴趣相同的人容易成为朋友，故选B。
3．According to the third paragraph，most people enjoy talking to one ________．
A．who is always smiling
B．who seems to be friendly
C．who praises them
D．who points out their shortcomings
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二句Think about how great you feel when someone says something nice to you.可知人们喜欢和表扬自己的人谈话，故选C。
4．The underlined part in Para.4 means “________”．
A．being very proud
B．making no answer
C．knowing nothing
D．not hoping to answer
B 解析：词义猜测题。画线部分与前面的When someone asks you a question，do have an answer for them.相对应，因此画线部分意思是“不作回答”，故选B。
B
Housed in Milan, one of Europe’s dirtiest cities, Leonardo da Vinci’s masterpiece The Last Supper still faces a threat from air pollution, researchers say, despite preventative measures that have significantly decreased pollutants in the church where the famous painting is on display.
In 2009, Italian authorities installed a heating, ventilation(通风) and airconditioning system to protect the painting from Milan’s polluted air. To see whether the system could improve air quality, a team of researchers led by Constantinos Sioutas, a professor of civil and environmental engineering at the University of Southern California, placed two airquality monitors inside the church for a year to collect samples from around painting. Results showed the levels of fine and coarse particulates were reduced near the painting by 88 percent and 94 percent, respectively, compared with the corresponding outdoor levels. “It’s a spectacular reduction，” Sioutas said in a statement. “It is, frankly, very impressive.”
Although the researchers applauded the successful decrease in particulates around da Vinci’s painting, they warned that indoor sources of pollution may still pose a threat to the priceless painting. Fatty lipids(油脂) from the skin of customers in the church appeared in significant quantities around the painting, despite the fact that visitors getting access to the artwork are strictly regulated.
Only a few visitors are allowed inside the church at a time, and they enter the building and can stay for only 15 minutes each. However, fatty lipids from visitors’ skin can combine with dust in the air and pollute the painting if they come in contact with it, says study researcher Nancy Daher of the University of Southern California.
Even previous restorations of the painting may pollute its surface, Daher said.Tiny particulates of the wax applied during early repair efforts can be emitted from the painting, get into the air and tarnish(使失去光泽) the painting in the same manner as the fatty lipids.
The researchers noted that their airsample analysis could be used as a point of reference for future studies aimed at protecting valuable artwork and artefacts.
【解题导语】 保存在意大利米兰市一家教堂的达·芬奇名画《最后的晚餐》受到空气污染的威胁。虽采取了措施使教堂空气质量得到提高，但仍存在一些污染隐患。
5.What does the underlined word “particulates” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A．The smallest parts of a chemical substance.
B．Things dirtier than usual.
C．Certain types of gas.
D．Extremely small pieces of dirt, which cause serious pollution.
D 解析：词义猜测题。综合分析文章及该词所在句子，可推知该词意为“颗粒(污染)物”。
6．According to the text, the following factors pollute the painting EXCEPT ________．
A．fatty lipids from the skin
B．tiny particles of the wax
C．breath of the visitors
D．dust in the air
C 解析：细节理解题。根据文章信息可知，对名画《最后的晚餐》带来污染的因素主要有参观者皮肤上的油脂、修复时产生的蜡颗粒及空气中的灰尘等。
7．According to the researchers, which of the following is NOT true of their airsample analysis?
A．The airsample analysis was got by gathering air in the church for a year.
B．The airsample analysis showed that the painting was completely away from air pollution.
C．The airsample analysis can be helpful for future studies protecting valuable artwork.
D．The airsample analysis showed that the particulates around da Vinci’s painting were decreased successfully.
B 解析：细节理解题。从文章第一、二段可知，虽然教堂室内环境大为改善，但这幅伟大的画作仍受到各种污染物的威胁。
8．What can be the best title of the text?
A．How to Decrease Levels of Particulates Effectively
B．The Famous Painting—da Vinci’s The Last Supper
C．Keeping Air Pollution from Damaging da Vinci’s The Last Supper
D．How to Protect Artwork in Households
C 解析：主旨大意题。综合分析文章可知，本文主要介绍如何保护达·芬奇的名画《最后的晚餐》免受污染物的影响，故C项为标题最佳。
C
At the turn of the 20th century，Mary Anderson made history by inventing automobile windshield wipers(挡风玻璃雨刷器)．In 1902，while riding a trolley bus in New York City，she couldn’t help noticing that the driver had to continually stop in order to wipe snow and ice from the windshield.Anderson thought that there had to be a better way.
In 1903，she invented a swinging arm with a rubber blade(刮片) that swung back and forth，removing rain and snow from the windshield surface.Anderson’s model was different from today’s models，though，because it was hand-activated by a lever(控制杆) from inside the car.Similar devices had been attempted in the past，but Anderson’s was the first to work and the first to be successfully patented.Interestingly，she could not sell the rights to her invention.A Canadian company told her that drivers would find the movement of the arm too distracting(分散注意力的)．So even though Anderson’s windshield wipers became standard in cars after 1915，her invention did not make her much money.
Anderson was not the only female inventor of her time.In fact，women have been responsible for many practical inventions.Josephine Cochran，for example，declared “If nobody else is going to invent a dishwashing machine，I will.”After receiving a patent on December 28，1886，she presented her working dishwasher at the 1893 World’s Fair.At first not a huge success，the machine was used only by hotels and large restaurants.Household dishwashers did not become popular until the 1950s.
Historically，women have held a minority of patents.In early U．S.history，social and legal barriers often discouraged women from patenting inventions.In Anderson and Cochran’s time，women lacked the same legal rights as men，which forced many women to patent their inventions under their husbands’ or fathers’ names.It is unfortunate that the genius behind each of these inventions was not always rewarded or recognized，because these women helped to create the efficient world we take for granted today.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了汽车自动挡风玻璃雨刷器的发明者Mary Anderson以及洗碗机的发明者Josephine Cochran。
9．What’s the feature of Anderson’s invention?
A．It depended on electricity.
B．It had to be controlled by hand.
C．It was placed inside the car.
D．It couldn’t be used in the winter.
B 解析：细节理解题。由第二段的it was hand-activated by a lever(控制杆) from inside the car和the movement of the arm too distracting(分散注意力的)可知，Anderson发明的汽车挡风玻璃雨刷器需要手动操作。
10．What do we know about Anderson and Cochran?
A．Both patented their invention under others’ names.
B．Both sold their inventions to Canadian companies.
C．Both became very wealthy because of their inventions.
D．Both their inventions received a cold welcome at first.
D 解析：推理判断题。由第二段可知，Anderson虽然成功获得其发明的专利权，但却没权利售卖，故她没有因此而变得富有；再由第三段可知，Cochran于1886年获得专利的发明——洗碗机出现在1893年世界博览会上，但起初并不成功，过了半个多世纪后才变得家喻户晓。由此推断，这两位女发明家的发明起初并不被世人接受。
11．What’s the author’s attitude towards inventors like Anderson and Cochran?
A．Surprised and hopeful.
B．Curious but distrustful.
C．Grateful but sympathetic.
D．Critical and disappointed.
C 解析：观点态度题。由文章末句可知，作者感激诸如Anderson和Cochran一样的女性发明家，因为她们的发明改变了世界，但又为她们没有获奖或得到世人的认可而感到同情。
12．What would be the best title for the text?
A．Women in History
B．Standards of Inventions
C．Inventions That Break Barriers
D．Inventors Who Created the World
C 解析：标题归纳题。由最后一段可知，历史上获得专利权的女性少之又少，因为那时诸多障碍阻止了女性获得专利权，她们缺乏和男性一样的权利，但Anderson和Cochran的专利发明却打破了这些障碍。break barriers更精准地总结了出自女性之手的发明打破了世界对女性的偏见。
语法填空
Sending gifts varies greatly from country to country. In Australia, Canada, the United States 1.____________European countries, sending gifts is rarely expected. While seen as a nice gesture, it is more important to avoid 2.____________(give) highly personal gifts such as clothing. When visiting the home of a colleague from one of these 3.____________(country), it is normally appropriate to bring a gift to the hostess.
In America, 4.____________(expense) gifts are definitely out. A good 5.____________(choose) is to take the deserving person to dinner, or to 6.____________entertainment or a sporting event. 7.____________the contrary, gift giving is a traditional custom in Japan. In Japan the proper gift is thought 8.____________(express) the giver’s true friendship, gratitude and respect far 9.____________(well) than words can. So if you plan to visit Japan or to have any Japanese visit you here, be prepared.
Australia is known for its friendliness and informality. So modest gifts, such as a diary, a paperweight, or a coffee cup might 10.____________(present) to a friend. At a trade show, T-shirts, ties, baseball caps, or a pin may be appropriate souvenirs. Anything more than these types of gifts could cause embarrassment.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了美国、日本、澳大利亚等国不同的送礼物习惯。
1．and 解析：考查连词。根据空前的“Australia, Canada, the United States”和空后的“European countries”可知，空处前后为并列关系，故用并列连词and。
2．giving 解析： 考查动名词。avoid doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“避免做某事”，故填giving。
3．countries 解析： 考查名词的数。根据空前的these可知，可数名词country应当用复数形式。
4．expensive 解析： 考查形容词。空处修饰后面的名词gifts，故用形容词形式。
5．choice 解析： 考查名词。根据空前的形容词good和不定冠词可以判断，空处应用名词的单数形式。
6．an 解析： 考查不定冠词。该处泛指“一次娱乐活动”，entertainment的读音以元音音素开头，故用an。
7．On 解析： 考查固定搭配。on the contrary 为固定搭配，意为“与此相反”。
8．to express 解析： 考查动词不定式。此处表示“在日本，恰当的礼物被认为表达了送礼物者真正的友谊”。be thought to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“被认为做了某事”，故用动词不定式。
9．better 解析： 考查比较级。根据空后的than可知，该处用well的比较级。
10．be presented 解析： 考查被动语态。该句主语modest gifts和动词present之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。
书面表达
人们常说“字如其人”。据一项调查显示，有85.8%的中学生说自己的字迹不好看，而他们又不想改善字迹，其理由有很大差别。请根据下图内容用英语写一篇短文，说明该现象并发表看法。
注意：1.词数100左右，开头已为你写好(不计入总词数)；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Nowadays, with the growing popularity of computers, more and more people are paying less and less attention to their handwriting._______________ ______________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Nowadays,_with_the_growing_popularity_of_computers,_more_and_more_people_are_paying_less_and_less_attention_to_their_handwriting.
According to a recent survey, about 85.8 percent of middle school students think that their handwriting is poor. Yet for various reasons, many students don’t want to improve their handwriting. 51.5 percent of the students think that they can just use a computer, so there is no need to waste time improving their handwriting. 32.3 percent believe that they are so busy with the study that they do not have time to practice. 10.9 percent think that practicing handwriting is useless.
Beautiful and neat handwriting is beneficial, especially for middle school students. Therefore, in my opinion, more emphasis should be placed on this aspect in future.
课件42张PPT。Section Ⅳ Grammar & WritingUnit 3 The world of colours and light本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
A卷
单句语法填空
1．Seldom ____________(do) he go out for dinner.
答案：does
2．No sooner had we reached the airport ____________ the plane took off.
答案：than
3．Not until the rain stopped ____________ he leave the room.
答案：did
4．Only when he returned home ____________ he realize what had happened.
答案：did
5．____________ cold was the weather that we had to stay at home.
答案：So
6．____________(be) it not for your help, I would still be homeless.
答案：Were
7．Once upon a time there ____________(live) a man known by the name of Beef.
答案：lived
8．Down ____________(come) the rain and up went the umbrellas.
答案：came
9．So sudden was the attack ____________ we had no time to escape.
答案：that
10．Only after her death ____________ I able to appreciate her.
答案：was
阅读理解
The island of Cuba is no bigger than Pennsylvania. Yet when it comes to nature, the island is one of the most important places on the planet. That is the message of ！Cuba！， an exhibit that opened in November at the American Museum of Natural History(AMNH), in New York City.
“The biodiversity(生物多样性) of Cuba is part of Cuban identity，” Ana Luz Porzecanski says. She is the director of the Center for Biodiversity and Conservation at AMNH and one of the two curators(a person in charge of a museum exhibit) of the exhibit.
Detailed recreations of four habitats transport typical parts of Cuba’s landscapes and seascapes to New York. They include ancient caves and a network of reefs(珊瑚礁). One area features live anole lizards, a Cuban tree frog, and a Cuban boa.
Cuba boasts more than 6，500 species of plants, 161 kinds of reptiles, 65 types of amphibians, 42 species of mammals, and 367 bird species. One of those is the bee hummingbird. Weighing far less than an ounce(about 28 grams), it is the smallest bird on Earth.
Much of the wildlife found in Cuba exists only there. That gives scientists a unique opportunity to study how plants and animals develop and survive.
“Cuba is a very exciting place for us to look at all these different processes，” says Christopher Raxworthy. He is in charge of one department of the museum and a cocurator of the exhibit. “But that also creates great challenges for conservation.”
Climate change is threatening Cuba’s wildlife.Some species may even disappear. The country is taking steps to protect its plants and animals. But AMNH hopes ！Cuba! will show how important the country’s natural world is to everyone.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。美国自然历史博物馆举办的展览！Cuba！展示了古巴丰富的生物多样性。
1．What can be known about ！Cuba！？
A．It shows Cuba’s rich biodiversity.
B．It compares the islands on the planet.
C．It features Cuba’s social development.
D．It opens in a museum in Pennsylvania.
A 解析：细节理解题。由第一段中的“when it comes to nature, the island is one of the most important places on the planet. That is the message of ！Cuba！”以及第二段中的“The biodiversity(生物多样性) of Cuba is part of Cuban identity”可知，！Cuba！是在纽约的美国自然历史博物馆举办的一次展览，主要展示了古巴丰富的生物多样性。
2．What does the underlined word “boasts” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A．Increases. B．Needs.
C．Has. D．Expects.
C 解析：词义猜测题。由画线词后的内容可知，古巴拥有6 500种植物、161种爬行动物、65种两栖动物、42种哺乳动物和367种鸟类，这也照应了上文中提到的古巴丰富的生物多样性。
3．What does Christopher find challenging?
A．To organize the exhibition.
B．To observe plants and animals.
C．To study the unique species of Cuba.
D．To protect the native wildlife of Cuba.
D 解析：细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的“But that also creates great challenges for conservation.”可知，保护古巴的野生动植物是一大挑战。
4．What is the best title for the text?
A．Cuba Fights Climate Change
B．Travel from Cuba to America
C．Wildlife Conservation Faces Threat
D．AMNH’s Cuba Exhibit Explores Biodiversity
D 解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了在纽约的美国自然历史博物馆举办的展览！Cuba！展示了古巴丰富的生物多样性。D项作标题符合文章主旨。
完形填空
Lyse Doucet lives a happy life in Chicago.But recently there is some difficulty for her and her family.She and her husband have each other’s parents and young daughter and for that they are
1 .But she and her husband are both currently 2 ．And their car is in great need of 3 ．And then there is the matter of their second child, who is 4 soon.So things are a little tense for the Doucet family these days.
When Lyse and her daughter were walking through a store 5 lot recently, Lyse picked up an envelope from the ground that 6 $4, 000 in cash.There were a 7 of different explanations that could be considered.Was this a kind of good 8 ？ Could it be an attempt by the universe to balance everything? Could it be simply a gift from God? Lyse didn’t know.The only thing she knew was that the cash in that envelope 9 to someone else.Oh, and one other thing she knew: her young daughter was 10 ．“My kid was standing right there 11 I found it，” Lyse told WLS-TV in Chicago.“So basically I wanted to teach my daughter how to be 12 ．And for me that was enough.”
Never mind the bills that were 13 ， or the car that needed to be fixed, or the baby that would come soon.And forgot that when she 14 the money over to the police she was told that there was actually nothing illegal if she 15 it.
The police were able to return the money to the person who 16 it—an old woman.And one can imagine the joy and 17 she felt when the police handed the lost envelop back to her.“She came to my house and she was almost in tears, 18 me，” Lyse said.“She gave me a hug and an envelope with a small 19 in it.But what was in it wasn’t 20 ．What mattered was the opportunity to teach my daughter honesty.”
1．A．restricted B．upset
C．grateful D．sensitive
C 解析：restricted “有限的”； upset “沮丧的”； grateful “感激的”； sensitive “敏感的”。句意：双方父母都在， 还有一个小女儿， 他们对这样的生活很感激。故选C。
2．A．appreciated B．unemployed
C．disappointed D．removed
B 解析：appreciate “感激， 欣赏”； unemploy “解雇， 失业”； disappoint “对……失望”； remove “移除”。前文提到对那样的生活感到感激，But在此表转折， 由此可知生活出现不好的变化， B选项符合逻辑。句意：但是她和她丈夫现在双双失业了。
3．A．cash B．protection
C．sale D．repair
D 解析：cash “现金”； protection “保护”； sale “出售”； repair “修理”。第一段最后一句 “So things are a little tense for the Doucet family these days.”可知这一家的生活很紧张。故前面由几个and连接的句子都是造成生活紧张的原因， 故可知车需要花钱修理。故选D。由倒数第二段的 “the car that needed to be fixed” 也可得知答案。
4．A．sick B．due
C．desperate D．dull
B 解析：sick “生病的”； due “预期的， 到期的”； desperate “绝望的”； dull “呆滞的”。第一段提到家庭成员， 双方父母加上一个女儿， 可知此处的第二个孩子应该尚未出生， 故选B。由倒数第二段的 “the baby that would come soon” 也可得知答案。
5．A．gathering B．begging
C．cleaning D．parking
D 解析：gather “收集， 集聚”； beg “乞求”； clean “清洁， 打扫”； park “停车”。parking lot为固定搭配， 意为 “停车场”。句意：最近Lyse和女儿经过一家商店的停车场的时候。故选D。
6．A．contained B．involved
C．charged D．paid
A 解析：contain “包含， 容纳”； involve “包含， 涉及”； charge “收费， 投诉”； pay “支付”。句意：Lyse从地上捡起个信封， 里面有4 000美元现金。此处要注意contain和involve的区别， 前者强调有形的物体， 后者则表示抽象的东西或人。故选A。
7．A．handful B．deal
C．number D．flood
C 解析：a handful of “一把， 少数”； a deal of “大量的， 相当多的”， 后面接不可数名词； a number of “大量的”， 后接可数名词复数； a flood of “一大批的， 如洪水般的(强调涌现出来)”。后面为explanations, 且此处没有强调这些理由涌现出来的意味， 只是强调数量之多， 故选C。
8．A．expense B．luck
C．hope D．prize
B 解析：expense “开支， 花费”； luck “运气， 幸运”； hope “希望”； prize “奖赏”。句意：这是一种好运气吗？面对捡到的这些钱， Lyse在想是否是运气的眷顾。故选B。
9．A．belonged B．reacted
C．pointed D．responded
A 解析：belong “属于”； react “反应， 重演”； point “指出”； respond “回应， 答复”。sth.belong(s) to sb.“某物属于某人”。句意：她只知道这个装有现金的信封是别人的。故选A。
10．A．urging B．affecting
C．laughing D．watching
D 解析：urge “催促”； affect “影响”； laugh “大笑”； watch “注视着”。由后文可知， Lyse捡钱的时候， 女儿在旁边看着； 且后文讲述了她为了给女儿树立好榜样， 把钱物归原主， 故选D。
11．A．before B．when
C．because D．though
B 解析：句意：当我捡钱的时候， 女儿就站在旁边。应选when。
12．A．ripe B．loyal
C．honest D．humorous
C 解析：ripe “成熟的”； loyal “忠诚的”； honest “诚实的”； humorous “幽默的”。捡到他人的财物， 不管自己多么需要， 也要物归原主， 这是诚信问题。故选C。
13．A．passing by B．giving away
C．showing off D．piling up
D 解析：pass by “路过”； give away “颁发； 赠送； 泄露”； show off “卖弄； 炫耀”； pile up “堆积， 积聚”。句意：不管账单是否堆积如山， 车子急需修理， 孩子即将出生。故选D。
14．A．turned B．watched
C．got D．collected
A 解析：turn sth.over “将……移交”。句意：她把捡来的钱移交给警察。故选A。
15．A．checked B．made
C．kept D．promoted
C 解析：check “检查”； make “做”； keep “保留”； promote “提升”。句意：她被告知就算她把钱留着也不算犯法。故选C。
16．A．sent B．lost
C．disliked D．generated
B 解析：send “送， 发送”； lose “丢失”； dislike “不喜欢， 厌恶”； generate “产生”。句意：警察把钱归还给丢失钱的人， 一位老妇人。故选B。
17．A．relief B．anxiety
C．tension D．respect
A 解析：relief “宽慰， 安心”； anxiety “焦虑”； tension “紧张”； respect “尊重”。空白处与joy是并列关系， 故选A。句意：可以想象她是多么的高兴和宽慰。
18．A．comforting B．congratulating
C．thanking D．offending
C 解析：comfort “使舒适”； congratulate “祝贺， 恭喜”； thank “感谢”； offend “冒犯， 得罪”。句意：她来到我家来感谢我， 几乎要哭了。失主对归还东西的人自然是存着感激之情， 故选C。
19．A．option B．present
C．envelope D．amount
D 解析：option “选择”； present “礼物”； envelope “信封”； amount “数量， 数额”。作为回报， 失主在信封里装了一点钱。故选D。
20．A．important B．serious
C．sufficient D．efficient
A 解析：important “重要的”； serious “严肃的”； sufficient “充足的”； efficient “有效的”。句意：信封里面装的是什么并不重要， 重要的是有机会教导女儿要诚信。故选A。
B卷
阅读理解
A
(2019·山西大同一中月考)Before you make friends，you have to decide who you want to be your friends. Most people like to have friends who like to do the same thing they do.
The quickest way to make a friend is to smile. When you smile，people think you are friendly and easy to talk to. It may not be easy at first to smile，but remember most people will stay away from a scared(害怕的) or angry looking face.
One easy way to start a conversation with someone is to say something nice about him. Think about how great you feel when someone says something nice to you. Doesn’t it make you want to keep talking to that person?
Ask your new friends questions about themselves. Who’s their favorite singer，where do they live，what do they do after school are all good questions to start a conversation. Make sure you have something to add to the conversation，too. When someone asks you a question，do have an answer for them. There’s nothing that will stop a conversation quicker than a_shrug for an answer.
Kids who show an interest in other kids and who are kind and friendly make good friends. Remember，everyone wants to be around people who like to do similar(相似的) things and people who are nice to them.
【解题导语】 大多数人都想交兴趣相同的朋友，那么到底该如何交朋友呢？本文给出了一些建议。
1．This passage gives us some advice on ________．
A．how to make friends
B．what kind of person you can make friends with
C．how to start a conversation
D．the importance of smile
A 解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知文章主要讲述了如何交朋友，故选A。
2．Most people like to make friends with those ________．
A．who are sad every day
B．who share the same interest
C．who are fond of talking
D．who say bad things to them
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段Most people like to have friends who like to do the same thing they do.和最后一段内容可知兴趣相同的人容易成为朋友，故选B。
3．According to the third paragraph，most people enjoy talking to one ________．
A．who is always smiling
B．who seems to be friendly
C．who praises them
D．who points out their shortcomings
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二句Think about how great you feel when someone says something nice to you.可知人们喜欢和表扬自己的人谈话，故选C。
4．The underlined part in Para.4 means “________”．
A．being very proud
B．making no answer
C．knowing nothing
D．not hoping to answer
B 解析：词义猜测题。画线部分与前面的When someone asks you a question，do have an answer for them.相对应，因此画线部分意思是“不作回答”，故选B。
B
Housed in Milan, one of Europe’s dirtiest cities, Leonardo da Vinci’s masterpiece The Last Supper still faces a threat from air pollution, researchers say, despite preventative measures that have significantly decreased pollutants in the church where the famous painting is on display.
In 2009, Italian authorities installed a heating, ventilation(通风) and airconditioning system to protect the painting from Milan’s polluted air. To see whether the system could improve air quality, a team of researchers led by Constantinos Sioutas, a professor of civil and environmental engineering at the University of Southern California, placed two airquality monitors inside the church for a year to collect samples from around painting. Results showed the levels of fine and coarse particulates were reduced near the painting by 88 percent and 94 percent, respectively, compared with the corresponding outdoor levels. “It’s a spectacular reduction，” Sioutas said in a statement. “It is, frankly, very impressive.”
Although the researchers applauded the successful decrease in particulates around da Vinci’s painting, they warned that indoor sources of pollution may still pose a threat to the priceless painting. Fatty lipids(油脂) from the skin of customers in the church appeared in significant quantities around the painting, despite the fact that visitors getting access to the artwork are strictly regulated.
Only a few visitors are allowed inside the church at a time, and they enter the building and can stay for only 15 minutes each. However, fatty lipids from visitors’ skin can combine with dust in the air and pollute the painting if they come in contact with it, says study researcher Nancy Daher of the University of Southern California.
Even previous restorations of the painting may pollute its surface, Daher said.Tiny particulates of the wax applied during early repair efforts can be emitted from the painting, get into the air and tarnish(使失去光泽) the painting in the same manner as the fatty lipids.
The researchers noted that their airsample analysis could be used as a point of reference for future studies aimed at protecting valuable artwork and artefacts.
【解题导语】 保存在意大利米兰市一家教堂的达·芬奇名画《最后的晚餐》受到空气污染的威胁。虽采取了措施使教堂空气质量得到提高，但仍存在一些污染隐患。
5.What does the underlined word “particulates” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A．The smallest parts of a chemical substance.
B．Things dirtier than usual.
C．Certain types of gas.
D．Extremely small pieces of dirt, which cause serious pollution.
D 解析：词义猜测题。综合分析文章及该词所在句子，可推知该词意为“颗粒(污染)物”。
6．According to the text, the following factors pollute the painting EXCEPT ________．
A．fatty lipids from the skin
B．tiny particles of the wax
C．breath of the visitors
D．dust in the air
C 解析：细节理解题。根据文章信息可知，对名画《最后的晚餐》带来污染的因素主要有参观者皮肤上的油脂、修复时产生的蜡颗粒及空气中的灰尘等。
7．According to the researchers, which of the following is NOT true of their airsample analysis?
A．The airsample analysis was got by gathering air in the church for a year.
B．The airsample analysis showed that the painting was completely away from air pollution.
C．The airsample analysis can be helpful for future studies protecting valuable artwork.
D．The airsample analysis showed that the particulates around da Vinci’s painting were decreased successfully.
B 解析：细节理解题。从文章第一、二段可知，虽然教堂室内环境大为改善，但这幅伟大的画作仍受到各种污染物的威胁。
8．What can be the best title of the text?
A．How to Decrease Levels of Particulates Effectively
B．The Famous Painting—da Vinci’s The Last Supper
C．Keeping Air Pollution from Damaging da Vinci’s The Last Supper
D．How to Protect Artwork in Households
C 解析：主旨大意题。综合分析文章可知，本文主要介绍如何保护达·芬奇的名画《最后的晚餐》免受污染物的影响，故C项为标题最佳。
C
At the turn of the 20th century，Mary Anderson made history by inventing automobile windshield wipers(挡风玻璃雨刷器)．In 1902，while riding a trolley bus in New York City，she couldn’t help noticing that the driver had to continually stop in order to wipe snow and ice from the windshield.Anderson thought that there had to be a better way.
In 1903，she invented a swinging arm with a rubber blade(刮片) that swung back and forth，removing rain and snow from the windshield surface.Anderson’s model was different from today’s models，though，because it was hand-activated by a lever(控制杆) from inside the car.Similar devices had been attempted in the past，but Anderson’s was the first to work and the first to be successfully patented.Interestingly，she could not sell the rights to her invention.A Canadian company told her that drivers would find the movement of the arm too distracting(分散注意力的)．So even though Anderson’s windshield wipers became standard in cars after 1915，her invention did not make her much money.
Anderson was not the only female inventor of her time.In fact，women have been responsible for many practical inventions.Josephine Cochran，for example，declared “If nobody else is going to invent a dishwashing machine，I will.”After receiving a patent on December 28，1886，she presented her working dishwasher at the 1893 World’s Fair.At first not a huge success，the machine was used only by hotels and large restaurants.Household dishwashers did not become popular until the 1950s.
Historically，women have held a minority of patents.In early U．S.history，social and legal barriers often discouraged women from patenting inventions.In Anderson and Cochran’s time，women lacked the same legal rights as men，which forced many women to patent their inventions under their husbands’ or fathers’ names.It is unfortunate that the genius behind each of these inventions was not always rewarded or recognized，because these women helped to create the efficient world we take for granted today.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了汽车自动挡风玻璃雨刷器的发明者Mary Anderson以及洗碗机的发明者Josephine Cochran。
9．What’s the feature of Anderson’s invention?
A．It depended on electricity.
B．It had to be controlled by hand.
C．It was placed inside the car.
D．It couldn’t be used in the winter.
B 解析：细节理解题。由第二段的it was hand-activated by a lever(控制杆) from inside the car和the movement of the arm too distracting(分散注意力的)可知，Anderson发明的汽车挡风玻璃雨刷器需要手动操作。
10．What do we know about Anderson and Cochran?
A．Both patented their invention under others’ names.
B．Both sold their inventions to Canadian companies.
C．Both became very wealthy because of their inventions.
D．Both their inventions received a cold welcome at first.
D 解析：推理判断题。由第二段可知，Anderson虽然成功获得其发明的专利权，但却没权利售卖，故她没有因此而变得富有；再由第三段可知，Cochran于1886年获得专利的发明——洗碗机出现在1893年世界博览会上，但起初并不成功，过了半个多世纪后才变得家喻户晓。由此推断，这两位女发明家的发明起初并不被世人接受。
11．What’s the author’s attitude towards inventors like Anderson and Cochran?
A．Surprised and hopeful.
B．Curious but distrustful.
C．Grateful but sympathetic.
D．Critical and disappointed.
C 解析：观点态度题。由文章末句可知，作者感激诸如Anderson和Cochran一样的女性发明家，因为她们的发明改变了世界，但又为她们没有获奖或得到世人的认可而感到同情。
12．What would be the best title for the text?
A．Women in History
B．Standards of Inventions
C．Inventions That Break Barriers
D．Inventors Who Created the World
C 解析：标题归纳题。由最后一段可知，历史上获得专利权的女性少之又少，因为那时诸多障碍阻止了女性获得专利权，她们缺乏和男性一样的权利，但Anderson和Cochran的专利发明却打破了这些障碍。break barriers更精准地总结了出自女性之手的发明打破了世界对女性的偏见。
语法填空
Sending gifts varies greatly from country to country. In Australia, Canada, the United States 1.____________European countries, sending gifts is rarely expected. While seen as a nice gesture, it is more important to avoid 2.____________(give) highly personal gifts such as clothing. When visiting the home of a colleague from one of these 3.____________(country), it is normally appropriate to bring a gift to the hostess.
In America, 4.____________(expense) gifts are definitely out. A good 5.____________(choose) is to take the deserving person to dinner, or to 6.____________entertainment or a sporting event. 7.____________the contrary, gift giving is a traditional custom in Japan. In Japan the proper gift is thought 8.____________(express) the giver’s true friendship, gratitude and respect far 9.____________(well) than words can. So if you plan to visit Japan or to have any Japanese visit you here, be prepared.
Australia is known for its friendliness and informality. So modest gifts, such as a diary, a paperweight, or a coffee cup might 10.____________(present) to a friend. At a trade show, T-shirts, ties, baseball caps, or a pin may be appropriate souvenirs. Anything more than these types of gifts could cause embarrassment.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了美国、日本、澳大利亚等国不同的送礼物习惯。
1．and 解析：考查连词。根据空前的“Australia, Canada, the United States”和空后的“European countries”可知，空处前后为并列关系，故用并列连词and。
2．giving 解析： 考查动名词。avoid doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“避免做某事”，故填giving。
3．countries 解析： 考查名词的数。根据空前的these可知，可数名词country应当用复数形式。
4．expensive 解析： 考查形容词。空处修饰后面的名词gifts，故用形容词形式。
5．choice 解析： 考查名词。根据空前的形容词good和不定冠词可以判断，空处应用名词的单数形式。
6．an 解析： 考查不定冠词。该处泛指“一次娱乐活动”，entertainment的读音以元音音素开头，故用an。
7．On 解析： 考查固定搭配。on the contrary 为固定搭配，意为“与此相反”。
8．to express 解析： 考查动词不定式。此处表示“在日本，恰当的礼物被认为表达了送礼物者真正的友谊”。be thought to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“被认为做了某事”，故用动词不定式。
9．better 解析： 考查比较级。根据空后的than可知，该处用well的比较级。
10．be presented 解析： 考查被动语态。该句主语modest gifts和动词present之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。
书面表达
人们常说“字如其人”。据一项调查显示，有85.8%的中学生说自己的字迹不好看，而他们又不想改善字迹，其理由有很大差别。请根据下图内容用英语写一篇短文，说明该现象并发表看法。
注意：1.词数100左右，开头已为你写好(不计入总词数)；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Nowadays, with the growing popularity of computers, more and more people are paying less and less attention to their handwriting._______________ ______________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Nowadays,_with_the_growing_popularity_of_computers,_more_and_more_people_are_paying_less_and_less_attention_to_their_handwriting.
According to a recent survey, about 85.8 percent of middle school students think that their handwriting is poor. Yet for various reasons, many students don’t want to improve their handwriting. 51.5 percent of the students think that they can just use a computer, so there is no need to waste time improving their handwriting. 32.3 percent believe that they are so busy with the study that they do not have time to practice. 10.9 percent think that practicing handwriting is useless.
Beautiful and neat handwriting is beneficial, especially for middle school students. Therefore, in my opinion, more emphasis should be placed on this aspect in future.
重点单词
1．abstract adj. 抽象的
n. 摘要， 概要
2．birthplace n. 出生地； 发源地
3．architecture n. 建筑； 建筑学
4．output n. 产量， 输出量； 输出
5．medium n. (艺术创作的)材料， 形式；
媒介，传媒
adj. 中等的
6．acute adj. 锐角的； 强烈的； (疾病)急性的；
灵敏的； 敏锐的
7．shadow n. 阴影， 影子； 阴暗处
8．commit vt.& vi. 全心全意投入； 犯罪， 犯错；
承诺， 保证
(1)commit a crime 犯罪
commit oneself to... 献身于……； 专心致志于……
commit...to... 把……交托给……
(2)commitment n. 承诺， 保证； 献身； 投入
9．reward n. 回报， 报酬， 奖励
vt. 奖励， 给以报酬
(1)as a reward for 作为(对某事的)报酬/奖赏
give/offer a reward to sb. for sth. 为某事而给某人报酬
in reward for 为酬谢……； 作为奖励
(2)reward sb. for sth. 因某事而奖赏某人
reward sb. with sth. 用某物回报某人
(3)rewarding adj. 值得的； 有益的；有意义的
10．scenery n. 风景， 景色， 风光
11．spray vt. 喷， 喷洒， 向……喷洒
n. 喷剂； 喷雾； 浪花
12．dip vt.& vi. 浸， 蘸
13．changeable adj. 多变的， 易变的
14．passer－by n. 路人， 过路的人
15．calculate vt.& vi. 计算； 推测
(1)It is calculated that... 据估算……
be calculated for.../to do 为了/旨在……
calculate on doing sth. 期待/指望做某事
(2)calculator n. 计算器
calculation n. 计算；估计
(3)calculating adj. 工于心计的； 用尽心机的；
损人利己的； 精明的
16．accommodation n. 住处； 住宿， 膳宿；
和解，调解
accommodate v. 容纳
17．admission n. (机构、组织等的)准许加入，
进入权； 承认； 入场费
admit v． 承认；准许……进入
admit doing/having done/that... 承认……
admit sb./sth.to be 承认某人/某物是……
admit sb.to/into... 准许某人进入/加入/入学(入院)
be admitted to/into 被接纳进入； 被录取到……
18．scholarship n. 奖学金
scholar n. 学者
19．disgusting adj. 令人不快的， 令人厌恶的，
令人愤慨的
disgust v. 使生气
disgusted adj. 愤慨的
20．agent n. 代理人， 经纪人
agency n. 代理机构
重点短语
1．make_a_reservation 预约
2．come_on_the_market 上市
3．range_from...to... 从……到……；
在……和……之间
4．be_typical_of 是……的特点
5．a_wide_variety_of 多种种类的
6．upwards_of 在……以上； 大于； 超过
7．be_off_to 动身去
8．make...out_of... 用……制造出……
9．cut_up 切碎
10．lay_out 布置， 设计； 铺开， 展开
11．cut_sth.out_(of_sth.) 剪出， 剪下
12．have_a_go_(at) 尝试(做某事)；企图(做某事)
重点句型
1．v.－ing形式作定语
Besides the works of da Vinci, the Louvre Museum has more than 6，000 other European paintings, ranging from the 13th century to the 19th century.
【仿写】 那个把注意力放在他的宠物狗身上的老人没有注意到我进来。
The old man, focusing_his_attention on his pet dog, didn’t notice me come in.
2．Hardly...when... 一……就……
Hardly had we left the dormitory the next morning when we realized we had left our map in the room.
【仿写】 他一看到我就跑掉了。
Hardly had_he_seen me when he ran off.
3．虚拟语气， 省略if, 助动词提前
Had you come with us, I guarantee you would have enjoyed Europe too.
【仿写】 我们要是早点找到他他就能得救了。
Had_we_found_him earlier he could have been saved.
4．where引导地点状语从句
Next, spread the glue where you want to attach the string.
【仿写】 有志者事竟成。
Where_there’s_a_will,_there’s a way.
话题写作
根据要求运用本单元所学知识完成下面小作文，并背诵成文。
1．在私人艺术馆举行画展是介绍艺术新人的一种方式。
(introduce...to...；a way of)
2．这一想法是通过举办一场活动来激发对这位艺术家的兴趣和促进其作品的销售。(stage；stimulate)
3．在公立博物馆和艺术馆展览绘画、雕刻和摄影与私人展览有很大不同。(be greatly different from)
4．在公立博物馆展览的作品出自著名艺术家之手。
5．很多展览包括博物馆永久收藏的作品， 也就是博物馆自己拥有的作品。(permanent)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
An exhibition at a private art gallery is a way of introducing a new artist to the public.The idea is to stage an event that will create interest in the artist and stimulate sales of his or her works.Exhibitions of painting, sculpture, and photography at public museums and galleries are greatly different from private showings.
The works exhibited at public museums are from well－known artists.Many exhibitions include works from the museum’s permanent collection—that is, works owned by the museum.
课件19张PPT。Unit 3 The world of colours and light本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
