外研版必修3 Module1 Europe Words课件(共67张PPT)
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| 名称 | 外研版必修3 Module1 Europe Words课件(共67张PPT) |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2020-04-24 10:28:36 | ||
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课件67张PPT。Module 1 Europe
Words1. Master new words and understand the whole text.
2. Know some famous European countries and cities.
3. Improve reading abilities.Learning aims1.across prep.&adv.(区别于 cross v.)
(1)从一边到另一边；横越，穿过；宽
The river is half a mile across/ wide.
这条河有半英里宽。
The birthplace of ancient civilisation of this city is across the river.
这座城市古代文明的发源地就在河对岸。
(2)在对面，在另一边
He lives across the street .
他住在我们对面的那条街上。
(3)交叉The two lines cut across each other.
这两条线相互交叉。【易混辨析】【巧学助记】 形象记忆“穿过”【即学活用】选词填空(across/through/over)。
①He walked _______ the forest alone.
②When he was walking ______ the street, he was hit by a car.
③He had to jump ____ the wall of the yard to open the door.
④When I was going ______ the road, he was passing _______ the hall; and both of us saw a mother putting a blanket ____ the sleeping child. throughacrossoveracrossthroughover⑤(2012·北京高考)Do you think this shirt is too tight______the shoulders?
A. at B. on C. to D. across
【解析】选D。考查介词。句意: 你觉得这件衬衫在肩膀这个地方是不是太紧了? across横跨, 此处指从肩膀的一端到另一端。2. face vt. 面向; 面对; 面临(困难等)
【语境领悟】
*France is Europe’s third largest country and faces the United Kingdom across the English Channel.
法国是欧洲的第三大国家, 隔英吉利海峡和英国相望。
Though she was young, she faced the difficulty bravely.
尽管她年轻, 但她勇敢地面对困难。【归纳拓展】
(1)be faced with 面临, 面对
face up to 勇敢地面对; 承担
face the music 勇于承担责任; 接受惩罚
(2)make/pull a face/faces 做鬼脸
in(the)face of 面对,在……面前，不顾
face to face 面对面地
lose face 丢面子
face danger/difficulty 面对危险/困难 *I was faced with an awful task of breaking the news into the girl’s family.
我面临一个头疼的任务, 要向女孩的家人通报这一消息。
*The boy made a face at his teacher’s back.
那个男孩对着老师的后背做了个鬼脸。
*The boy was caught cheating in the examination and had to face the music.
这个男孩考试作弊被抓住, 因此不得不接受处罚。
face the music 承担后果，面对不愉快的局面 “面临”的选择
face和be faced with都有“面临, 面对”的意思, 在高考命题中常以非谓语的形式出现, 请注意单选里面考到face的用法时, 有with的常选faced, 没有with的常选facing。be faced with不表被动，表主动。【即学活用】完成句子。
①面对强盗, 她保持镇静。
________________robbers, she kept calm.
②面对危险, 他们表现出了勇气。
They showed courage ___________danger. Faced with/Facingin the face of③他们将当面辩论。
They will debate __________.
④(2014·泰州高一检测)In my view, failure itself is not a terrible thing. What really matters is how you______it.
A. receive B. face C. plan D. improve
【解析】选B。考查词义辨析。句意: 在我看来, 失败本身并不是一件可怕的事情。真正重要的是你如何去面对它。face面对; receive接收; plan计划; improve改善。face to face3. range n. [C]山脉; 列; 排; (变化或浮动的)幅度
[U](知觉、听觉等的)范围; (枪支等的)射程
v. (在一定范围内)变化, 变动
【语境领悟】
*Between Italy and France, there is a mountain range called the Alps.
在意大利和法国之间为阿尔卑斯山脉。
*I have a wide range of interests.
我有广泛的爱好。*The animal is still beyond range of my gun.
那只动物还在我的枪的射程之外。
*He has a number of interests, ranging from playing chess to swimming.
他的爱好很多, 从下棋到游泳。
*The population of these cities ranges between 3 and 5 million.
这些城市的人口在300万到500万之间。【归纳拓展】
(1)in/within(the) range of sth. 在……范围内; 在射程内
out of/beyond range of sth. 在……范围外; 在射程外
a (wide) range of 范围广泛的
(2)range from. . . to. . . 在……和……之间变化
range between. . . and. . . 在……范围内变动;
从……到……不等
range in (age,size,etc.)(年龄尺寸等的)范围在……(变化)【巧学助记】 range含义一览图【即学活用】介词填空。
①Prices range ________ $10 and $30.
②This is _______ my narrow range of knowledge.
③The hotel offers a wide range __ facilities and services. betweenbeyondof④(2014·赣州高一检测)The price of beer______from 50 cents to $ 4 per liter during summer.
A. developed B. ranged
C. separated D. exchanged
【解析】选B。句意: 在夏天, 啤酒价格每升从50分到4美元不等。range from. . . to. . . 在……范围内变动; develop发展; separate分离; exchange交换。4. situated adj. 坐落(某处)的; 位于(某处)的(located)
【语境领悟】
*Paris is the capital and largest city of France, situated on the River Seine.
巴黎是法国的首都, 也是法国最大的城市, 坐落在塞纳河畔。
*My hometown is situated in southern Shandong Province.
我的家乡位于山东省南部。
*I saw the lighthouse situated at the mouth of the river.
我看到了位于河口的灯塔。【名师点津】
situated在句中常作表语, 后接表示位置的地点状语, 地点名词的前面可根据句意使用不同的介词at, in或on。
be situated on/in/at 位于……，坐落在……
The temple ______ on the top of Mountain Emei。
A.is situated B.situates
C.has situated D.is situatingA【归纳拓展】
(1)situate vt. 使位于; 使坐落于
situation n. 情况; 形势; 处境
(2)locate vt. 使位于; 使坐落于
located adj. 处于……的【思维延伸】 形容词化的过去分词
(1)形容词化的过去分词(短语)可以作定语、状语、表语和补足语。
(2)在通常情况下, 过去分词与其逻辑主语之间在语态上弱化了被动意义, 而侧重于主语存在的状态。
(3)常见的这类过去分词(短语)有: located(位于……的); dressed(穿着……的); lost(迷路的); seated(坐着的); faced with(面对); interested(感兴趣的); hidden(藏起来的); married(结婚的); surprised(惊讶的)等。【即学活用】完成句子。
①新学校位于小镇的东部。
The new school ___________the east of the small town.
②哈尔滨位于松花江畔。
Harbin ____________the Songhua River.
③我们的公司坐落在火车站附近。
Our company ______________the railway station. is situated inis situated onis situated near④(2014·天津高一检测)Tianjin, ______120 km southeast of Beijing, is the largest coastal city in north China.
A. to situate B. situating
C. situated D. having been situated
【解析】选C。句意: 位于北京东南方向120千米的天津是中国北方最大的海滨城市。此处为非谓语动词短语作定语。相当于定语从句which is situated。5. symbol n. 象征; 符号; 标志
【语境领悟】
*The most popular place for tourists is the Eiffel Tower, the famous symbol of Paris.
最受游客欢迎的地方就是埃菲尔铁塔, 它是巴黎的著名象征。
*What is the chemical symbol for copper?
铜的化学符号是什么? 【名师点津】
symbol后跟介词of表示“……的象征”; 跟介词for表示“……的符号”。
symbollic adj. 符号的；象征的
symbolize vt. 作为符号或象征【易混辨析】【巧学助记】 巧记不同的“符号”【即学活用】选词填空(symbol/sign/mark/signal).
①Who made these dirty ______on my new book?
②He raised his arm as a ______ for us to stop.
③On maps, a cross is the _______ for a church.
④There wasn’t a ____ of life in the place. markssignalsymbolsign⑤(2014·江苏高考)She was put under house arrest two years ago but remained a powerful______in last year’s election.
A. symbol B. portrait
C. identity D. statue
【解析】选A。考查名词词义辨析。
句意: 她两年前被软禁但是在去年的选举中仍然显示很强势的象征。symbol象征, 符合句意。portrait肖像; identity身份; statue形象, 雕像。6. because of 因为; 由于
【语境领悟】
*Because of my lack of experience, I didn’t do the work well.
由于缺乏经验, 我没有把工作做好。
*She had to retire because of her ill health.
她因为健康问题不得不退休。*He is absent today because of his illness.
=He is absent today because he is ill.
今天他因病而缺席。③(2014·太原高一检测)It is______being lost in the Internet games that Margot is poor in her eyesight.
A. as for B. apart from
C. according to D. because of
【解析】选D。句意: Margot是因为沉迷于网络游戏视力才下降的。because of因为, 由于; as for关于, 至于; apart from除……之外; according to根据, 依据。【思维延伸】表示原因的介词短语还有owing to, due to, as a result of, thanks to。7. ever since 自从……一直
【语境领悟】
*Their work has influenced other writers ever since.
他们的作品影响了后世的作家。
*We’ve been good friends ever since we met at school.
自从我们在上学时认识之后, 我们就一直是好朋友。【名师点津】
ever since经常和现在完成时连用, 既可以单独使用, 也
可与表示时间的单词、短语或句子连用。【思维延伸】
与现在完成时连用的时间状语和句型结构:
(1)since引导时间状语从句。
(2)for+时间段; so far; up to now; till now; lately; recently; in the past +时间段; already; yet; ever; never; just; since then等都是句子使用现在完成时的标志。
(3)It is the +序数词+ time +从句(用现在完成时)。【即学活用】完成句子。
①他在圣诞节生病了, 此后就一直病着。
He fell ill at Christmas and has been ill _________.
②自从他离开后, 我就再也没收到他的信了。
I’ve never heard from him _________he left. ever sinceever since③There______a trend that 3D films will become more popular ever since the film Avatar was shown.
A. has arisen B. arose C. is arising D. will arise
【解析】选A。句意: 自从电影《阿凡达》上映后, 3D电影呈现出越来越受欢迎的趋势。ever since用作连词, 引导时间状语从句时, 主句常用现在完成时。8.Italy is in the south of Europe on the coast of the
Mediterranean Sea. It looks like a boot.
意大利在欧洲的南端，位于地中海沿岸。它看起来
就像一只靴子。
in the south of 在……南边/南端
Shenzhen is in the south of Guangdong province.
深圳在广东省的南部。【辨析】 in the south of， to the south of与 on the south of误区警示:
to the south of 这一短语中的to the有时可以省略，
特别是当其放于句首作地点状语时。
Meishan is/lies south of Chengdu.
眉山位于成都的南方。
South of our school lies a gallerery.
我们学校的南面有座美术馆。Italy is in the south of Europe on the coast of the Mediterranean Sea.
意大利是欧洲南部位于地中海沿岸的一个国家。
本句为方位句型。in the south of表示“在……南部”。on the coast of表示“在……海岸。”其中south为方位名词也可作副词，表示“某物在某个东西的哪个方向”。
In the south of the city lies a factory which makes shoes.
该市南边有一个鞋厂。常用的方位句型：
(1)A＋is/lies＋to/on/in＋the＋方位名词＋of＋B，表示A地位于B地的某个方向(to表示A在B境外；on表示A与B两地接壤；in表示A在B境内)
(2)A＋be/lies/be located/be situated＋距离＋to the＋方位名词＋B，表示A地在距离B地多远的地方。
Guangdong lies to the south of Hubei.广东在湖北南边。
Guangdong lies on the south of Hunan.广东在湖南南边。
Guangdong lies in the south of China.广东位于中国南部。
The church is situated one or two miles to the west of the village.
教堂位于村庄以西一二英里的地方。 【归纳拓展】 【温馨提醒】
(1)表示方位或方向的名词，如：east，west，south，north，right，left，middle等前面一般都有定冠词the，但这些词放在句首时，句子要用倒装语序，此时方位名词已转化为表示方位的副词，并且其前的冠词连同介词一起省略。
East of our town is a large lake.
我们镇的东面有一个大湖。
(2)on还可表示“在……河/湖畔”，后接河流或湖泊。
London lies on the River Thames.
伦敦位于泰晤士河畔。用适当的介词完成句子
①China is the east of Asia.
②Mongolia is the north of China.
③Japan is the east of China.in on to look like 看上去像……；好像要
look after 照顾，照料
look as if/ though 看起来好像
sound like 听起来像
feel like 感觉像；想要，想做
【易混辨析】
look like 和 look as if / though
(1)look like中like是介词,因此后面加名词,代词或动名词。
(2) )look as if/ though相当于连词，后面加句子。但在非正
式语言中，特别是美语中有时会用like代替as if/ though.(1)It looks like rain.
= It looks as if it is going to rain.
看起来要下雨了。
(2) That looks like an interesting book.
那看起来是一本有趣的书。
(3)It looks like s being a nice day.
看样子天气很好。
(4)Yous look as if you slept badly.
你看起来好像没睡好。9. Between France and Spain is another mountain range—the Pyrenees.
在法国和西班牙之间是另一座山脉——比利牛斯山脉。
【句式分析】
Between France and Spain is another mountain range—
↓ ↓ ↓
介词短语作表语 系动词 主语
the Pyrenees. *At the next table was a pretty girl waiting for someone.
隔壁桌坐着一个漂亮姑娘, 她正在等人。
*Down came the rain and up went the umbrella.
下雨了, 伞都撑起来了。【归纳拓展】构成此类完全倒装的条件:
(1)表示方位的here, there, up, down, out, in等, 表示时间的now, then以及表示地点的介词短语位于句首;
(2)句子的谓语动词是系动词be或come, go, stand, lie, exist等不及物动词;
(3)句子的主语是名词。*There lived a cruel king in the castle.
那个城堡里住着一位残忍的国王。
*By the window sat a young man with a magazine in his hand.
窗户旁边坐着一个年轻人, 他手里拿着一本杂志。【即学活用】用倒装句翻译下列句子。
①铃响了。
_________________
②这座山的山顶有一座庙。
________________________________
③现在轮到你了。
___________________There goes the bell.On the top of the hill stands a temple.Now comes your turn.④(2013·上海高考)Among the crises that face humans ______ the lack of natural resources.
A. is B. are C. is there D. are there
【解析】选A。句意: 自然资源匮乏是人类面对的危机之一。表示方位的介词短语位于句首时, 主句的主语是名词, 主句要用完全倒装。正常语序为: The lack of natural resources is among the crises that face humans. 。【要点拾遗】
1. off the coast of. . . 在……的近海
【语境领悟】
*The United Kingdom is off the northwest coast of continental Europe.
英国位于欧洲大陆海岸线西北方向。
*The oil ship sank off the coast of Fujian.
这艘油轮是在福建海岸附近沉没的。【巧学助记】
off the coast
在(离开海岸的)海面上
on the coast
在大陆靠近海岸处
*The story happened in a village on the south coast of England.
那个故事发生在英格兰南海岸的一个村子里。【即学活用】介词填空。
①The British Isles are a group of islands that lie ___ the west coast of Europe.
②Situated ___ the coast of the Arabian sea, the city is the largest city of that country.
③There are some small islands ___ the coast and several villas___ the coast, too. offonoffon④Qingdao lies______the west of the Pacific Ocean, where we cannot find many islands______the coast.
A. on; off B. to; along
C. on; along D. in; off
【解析】选A。句意: 青岛位于太平洋的西海岸, 在那儿, 我们看不到许多岛屿。青岛与太平洋毗邻, 用on。在(离开海岸的)海面上用off。2. work on 致力于; 从事; 继续工作
【语境领悟】
*Gaudi worked on the project from 1882 until his death in 1926.
高迪自1882年起从事这项工程直至1926年逝世。
*He is working on a new novel.
他正在写一部新小说。
*After the heavy rain, they worked on until deep night.
大雨过后, 他们继续工作一直到深夜。【即学活用】用work短语的正确形式填空。
①He has been __________this painting for days.
②They have _________this subject for many years.
③Can you ________how much it will need? working onworked atwork out【归纳拓展】
work at 努力做……
work out 计划; 思考; 算出, 想出(办法等), 结果(良好)④He has been working______the homework, but some problems are really hard to work______.
A. on; at B. out; on
C. on; out D. at; on
【解析】选C。句意: 他一直做作业, 但有些问题真的很难解决。work on致力于, 从事; work out解出, 算出, 制定出; work at努力做……。3. be known as 作为……而出名/闻名
【语境领悟】
*Athens, the capital of Greece, is known as the birthplace of western civilisation.
雅典是希腊的首都, 作为西方文明的发祥地而闻名。
*He is known as a great statesman.
他作为一位伟大的政治家而闻名。【归纳拓展】
be known/famous as 作为……而闻名
be known/famous for 以……而闻名
be known/famous to sb. 为某人所熟知
*The place is known for its green tea.
这个地方以其绿茶而出名。
*The Great Wall is known to the world.
长城举世闻名。【即学活用】介词填空。
①Mo Yan is known __ the Chinese.
②He became internationally famous ___ his novel and poetry.
③Samuel Clemens, who was known __Mark Twain, became a famous American writer. toforas④Xu Beihong is most known______drawing horses______an artist.
A. for; as B. for; for C. to; for D. to; as
【解析】选A。句意: 作为一名艺术家, 徐悲鸿以画马而闻名。be known for因为……而出名; be known as作为……而出名; be known to为……所知。4. Twenty percent of the country is covered by islands. 这个国家百分之二十的国土是岛屿。
【句式分析】
该句是个简单句。“分数+of+名词/代词”构成的短语在句中作主语。当此结构作主语时, 其谓语动词的单复数形式取决于of后的名词或代词的单复数形式。*Two-thirds of the workers in the factory are men.
这个工厂三分之二的工人是男性。
*Three-fourths of the Earth’s surface is covered by water.
地球表面的3/4为水所覆盖。【名师点津】
“分数+of+名词”结构作主语时, 谓语动词的数常与of后的名词的数保持一致。
*About 30 percent of the students were absent that day.
那天大约有30%的学生缺席。
*Nearly 70 percent of the fund was supplied by the government.
将近百分之七十的资金由政府提供。【即学活用】用所给动词的适当形式填空。
①Two-thirds of the work _____________(do).
②More than 50 percent of the people ___ (be)in favour of the plan. has been doneare③Three-fourths of the homework ______ today.
A. has finished B. has been finished
C. have finished D. have been finished
【解析】选B。考查主谓一致。句意: 今天完成了作业的四分之三。“分数/百分数+名词”作主语时, 谓语动词取决于of后面名词的单复数。且homework与finish之间为被动关系, 故B项正确。5. One of Barcelona’s most famous landmarks is the Church of the Sagrada Familia, which was designed by an architect called Antonio Gaudi.
巴塞罗那最有名的标志性建筑之一是圣家大教堂, 由建筑师安东尼奥·高迪设计。【句式分析】
One of Barcelona’s most famous landmarks is the Churchof
the Sagrada Familia, which was designed by an architect
↓
引导定语从句
called Antonio Gaudi.
↓
过去分词短语作后置定语*The sun heats the earth, which makes it possible for plants to grow.
太阳给予大地热量, 这就使植物的生长成为可能。
*I’m going to write an article about the problem discussed at the last meeting.
我准备写一篇有关上次会议上讨论的问题的文章。【思维延伸】过去分词/现在分词/不定式作定语【即学活用】改写句子。
I have broken the glass which is filled with milk.
=I have broken the glass ______________. filled with milkHomework
Words1. Master new words and understand the whole text.
2. Know some famous European countries and cities.
3. Improve reading abilities.Learning aims1.across prep.&adv.(区别于 cross v.)
(1)从一边到另一边；横越，穿过；宽
The river is half a mile across/ wide.
这条河有半英里宽。
The birthplace of ancient civilisation of this city is across the river.
这座城市古代文明的发源地就在河对岸。
(2)在对面，在另一边
He lives across the street .
他住在我们对面的那条街上。
(3)交叉The two lines cut across each other.
这两条线相互交叉。【易混辨析】【巧学助记】 形象记忆“穿过”【即学活用】选词填空(across/through/over)。
①He walked _______ the forest alone.
②When he was walking ______ the street, he was hit by a car.
③He had to jump ____ the wall of the yard to open the door.
④When I was going ______ the road, he was passing _______ the hall; and both of us saw a mother putting a blanket ____ the sleeping child. throughacrossoveracrossthroughover⑤(2012·北京高考)Do you think this shirt is too tight______the shoulders?
A. at B. on C. to D. across
【解析】选D。考查介词。句意: 你觉得这件衬衫在肩膀这个地方是不是太紧了? across横跨, 此处指从肩膀的一端到另一端。2. face vt. 面向; 面对; 面临(困难等)
【语境领悟】
*France is Europe’s third largest country and faces the United Kingdom across the English Channel.
法国是欧洲的第三大国家, 隔英吉利海峡和英国相望。
Though she was young, she faced the difficulty bravely.
尽管她年轻, 但她勇敢地面对困难。【归纳拓展】
(1)be faced with 面临, 面对
face up to 勇敢地面对; 承担
face the music 勇于承担责任; 接受惩罚
(2)make/pull a face/faces 做鬼脸
in(the)face of 面对,在……面前，不顾
face to face 面对面地
lose face 丢面子
face danger/difficulty 面对危险/困难 *I was faced with an awful task of breaking the news into the girl’s family.
我面临一个头疼的任务, 要向女孩的家人通报这一消息。
*The boy made a face at his teacher’s back.
那个男孩对着老师的后背做了个鬼脸。
*The boy was caught cheating in the examination and had to face the music.
这个男孩考试作弊被抓住, 因此不得不接受处罚。
face the music 承担后果，面对不愉快的局面 “面临”的选择
face和be faced with都有“面临, 面对”的意思, 在高考命题中常以非谓语的形式出现, 请注意单选里面考到face的用法时, 有with的常选faced, 没有with的常选facing。be faced with不表被动，表主动。【即学活用】完成句子。
①面对强盗, 她保持镇静。
________________robbers, she kept calm.
②面对危险, 他们表现出了勇气。
They showed courage ___________danger. Faced with/Facingin the face of③他们将当面辩论。
They will debate __________.
④(2014·泰州高一检测)In my view, failure itself is not a terrible thing. What really matters is how you______it.
A. receive B. face C. plan D. improve
【解析】选B。考查词义辨析。句意: 在我看来, 失败本身并不是一件可怕的事情。真正重要的是你如何去面对它。face面对; receive接收; plan计划; improve改善。face to face3. range n. [C]山脉; 列; 排; (变化或浮动的)幅度
[U](知觉、听觉等的)范围; (枪支等的)射程
v. (在一定范围内)变化, 变动
【语境领悟】
*Between Italy and France, there is a mountain range called the Alps.
在意大利和法国之间为阿尔卑斯山脉。
*I have a wide range of interests.
我有广泛的爱好。*The animal is still beyond range of my gun.
那只动物还在我的枪的射程之外。
*He has a number of interests, ranging from playing chess to swimming.
他的爱好很多, 从下棋到游泳。
*The population of these cities ranges between 3 and 5 million.
这些城市的人口在300万到500万之间。【归纳拓展】
(1)in/within(the) range of sth. 在……范围内; 在射程内
out of/beyond range of sth. 在……范围外; 在射程外
a (wide) range of 范围广泛的
(2)range from. . . to. . . 在……和……之间变化
range between. . . and. . . 在……范围内变动;
从……到……不等
range in (age,size,etc.)(年龄尺寸等的)范围在……(变化)【巧学助记】 range含义一览图【即学活用】介词填空。
①Prices range ________ $10 and $30.
②This is _______ my narrow range of knowledge.
③The hotel offers a wide range __ facilities and services. betweenbeyondof④(2014·赣州高一检测)The price of beer______from 50 cents to $ 4 per liter during summer.
A. developed B. ranged
C. separated D. exchanged
【解析】选B。句意: 在夏天, 啤酒价格每升从50分到4美元不等。range from. . . to. . . 在……范围内变动; develop发展; separate分离; exchange交换。4. situated adj. 坐落(某处)的; 位于(某处)的(located)
【语境领悟】
*Paris is the capital and largest city of France, situated on the River Seine.
巴黎是法国的首都, 也是法国最大的城市, 坐落在塞纳河畔。
*My hometown is situated in southern Shandong Province.
我的家乡位于山东省南部。
*I saw the lighthouse situated at the mouth of the river.
我看到了位于河口的灯塔。【名师点津】
situated在句中常作表语, 后接表示位置的地点状语, 地点名词的前面可根据句意使用不同的介词at, in或on。
be situated on/in/at 位于……，坐落在……
The temple ______ on the top of Mountain Emei。
A.is situated B.situates
C.has situated D.is situatingA【归纳拓展】
(1)situate vt. 使位于; 使坐落于
situation n. 情况; 形势; 处境
(2)locate vt. 使位于; 使坐落于
located adj. 处于……的【思维延伸】 形容词化的过去分词
(1)形容词化的过去分词(短语)可以作定语、状语、表语和补足语。
(2)在通常情况下, 过去分词与其逻辑主语之间在语态上弱化了被动意义, 而侧重于主语存在的状态。
(3)常见的这类过去分词(短语)有: located(位于……的); dressed(穿着……的); lost(迷路的); seated(坐着的); faced with(面对); interested(感兴趣的); hidden(藏起来的); married(结婚的); surprised(惊讶的)等。【即学活用】完成句子。
①新学校位于小镇的东部。
The new school ___________the east of the small town.
②哈尔滨位于松花江畔。
Harbin ____________the Songhua River.
③我们的公司坐落在火车站附近。
Our company ______________the railway station. is situated inis situated onis situated near④(2014·天津高一检测)Tianjin, ______120 km southeast of Beijing, is the largest coastal city in north China.
A. to situate B. situating
C. situated D. having been situated
【解析】选C。句意: 位于北京东南方向120千米的天津是中国北方最大的海滨城市。此处为非谓语动词短语作定语。相当于定语从句which is situated。5. symbol n. 象征; 符号; 标志
【语境领悟】
*The most popular place for tourists is the Eiffel Tower, the famous symbol of Paris.
最受游客欢迎的地方就是埃菲尔铁塔, 它是巴黎的著名象征。
*What is the chemical symbol for copper?
铜的化学符号是什么? 【名师点津】
symbol后跟介词of表示“……的象征”; 跟介词for表示“……的符号”。
symbollic adj. 符号的；象征的
symbolize vt. 作为符号或象征【易混辨析】【巧学助记】 巧记不同的“符号”【即学活用】选词填空(symbol/sign/mark/signal).
①Who made these dirty ______on my new book?
②He raised his arm as a ______ for us to stop.
③On maps, a cross is the _______ for a church.
④There wasn’t a ____ of life in the place. markssignalsymbolsign⑤(2014·江苏高考)She was put under house arrest two years ago but remained a powerful______in last year’s election.
A. symbol B. portrait
C. identity D. statue
【解析】选A。考查名词词义辨析。
句意: 她两年前被软禁但是在去年的选举中仍然显示很强势的象征。symbol象征, 符合句意。portrait肖像; identity身份; statue形象, 雕像。6. because of 因为; 由于
【语境领悟】
*Because of my lack of experience, I didn’t do the work well.
由于缺乏经验, 我没有把工作做好。
*She had to retire because of her ill health.
她因为健康问题不得不退休。*He is absent today because of his illness.
=He is absent today because he is ill.
今天他因病而缺席。③(2014·太原高一检测)It is______being lost in the Internet games that Margot is poor in her eyesight.
A. as for B. apart from
C. according to D. because of
【解析】选D。句意: Margot是因为沉迷于网络游戏视力才下降的。because of因为, 由于; as for关于, 至于; apart from除……之外; according to根据, 依据。【思维延伸】表示原因的介词短语还有owing to, due to, as a result of, thanks to。7. ever since 自从……一直
【语境领悟】
*Their work has influenced other writers ever since.
他们的作品影响了后世的作家。
*We’ve been good friends ever since we met at school.
自从我们在上学时认识之后, 我们就一直是好朋友。【名师点津】
ever since经常和现在完成时连用, 既可以单独使用, 也
可与表示时间的单词、短语或句子连用。【思维延伸】
与现在完成时连用的时间状语和句型结构:
(1)since引导时间状语从句。
(2)for+时间段; so far; up to now; till now; lately; recently; in the past +时间段; already; yet; ever; never; just; since then等都是句子使用现在完成时的标志。
(3)It is the +序数词+ time +从句(用现在完成时)。【即学活用】完成句子。
①他在圣诞节生病了, 此后就一直病着。
He fell ill at Christmas and has been ill _________.
②自从他离开后, 我就再也没收到他的信了。
I’ve never heard from him _________he left. ever sinceever since③There______a trend that 3D films will become more popular ever since the film Avatar was shown.
A. has arisen B. arose C. is arising D. will arise
【解析】选A。句意: 自从电影《阿凡达》上映后, 3D电影呈现出越来越受欢迎的趋势。ever since用作连词, 引导时间状语从句时, 主句常用现在完成时。8.Italy is in the south of Europe on the coast of the
Mediterranean Sea. It looks like a boot.
意大利在欧洲的南端，位于地中海沿岸。它看起来
就像一只靴子。
in the south of 在……南边/南端
Shenzhen is in the south of Guangdong province.
深圳在广东省的南部。【辨析】 in the south of， to the south of与 on the south of误区警示:
to the south of 这一短语中的to the有时可以省略，
特别是当其放于句首作地点状语时。
Meishan is/lies south of Chengdu.
眉山位于成都的南方。
South of our school lies a gallerery.
我们学校的南面有座美术馆。Italy is in the south of Europe on the coast of the Mediterranean Sea.
意大利是欧洲南部位于地中海沿岸的一个国家。
本句为方位句型。in the south of表示“在……南部”。on the coast of表示“在……海岸。”其中south为方位名词也可作副词，表示“某物在某个东西的哪个方向”。
In the south of the city lies a factory which makes shoes.
该市南边有一个鞋厂。常用的方位句型：
(1)A＋is/lies＋to/on/in＋the＋方位名词＋of＋B，表示A地位于B地的某个方向(to表示A在B境外；on表示A与B两地接壤；in表示A在B境内)
(2)A＋be/lies/be located/be situated＋距离＋to the＋方位名词＋B，表示A地在距离B地多远的地方。
Guangdong lies to the south of Hubei.广东在湖北南边。
Guangdong lies on the south of Hunan.广东在湖南南边。
Guangdong lies in the south of China.广东位于中国南部。
The church is situated one or two miles to the west of the village.
教堂位于村庄以西一二英里的地方。 【归纳拓展】 【温馨提醒】
(1)表示方位或方向的名词，如：east，west，south，north，right，left，middle等前面一般都有定冠词the，但这些词放在句首时，句子要用倒装语序，此时方位名词已转化为表示方位的副词，并且其前的冠词连同介词一起省略。
East of our town is a large lake.
我们镇的东面有一个大湖。
(2)on还可表示“在……河/湖畔”，后接河流或湖泊。
London lies on the River Thames.
伦敦位于泰晤士河畔。用适当的介词完成句子
①China is the east of Asia.
②Mongolia is the north of China.
③Japan is the east of China.in on to look like 看上去像……；好像要
look after 照顾，照料
look as if/ though 看起来好像
sound like 听起来像
feel like 感觉像；想要，想做
【易混辨析】
look like 和 look as if / though
(1)look like中like是介词,因此后面加名词,代词或动名词。
(2) )look as if/ though相当于连词，后面加句子。但在非正
式语言中，特别是美语中有时会用like代替as if/ though.(1)It looks like rain.
= It looks as if it is going to rain.
看起来要下雨了。
(2) That looks like an interesting book.
那看起来是一本有趣的书。
(3)It looks like s being a nice day.
看样子天气很好。
(4)Yous look as if you slept badly.
你看起来好像没睡好。9. Between France and Spain is another mountain range—the Pyrenees.
在法国和西班牙之间是另一座山脉——比利牛斯山脉。
【句式分析】
Between France and Spain is another mountain range—
↓ ↓ ↓
介词短语作表语 系动词 主语
the Pyrenees. *At the next table was a pretty girl waiting for someone.
隔壁桌坐着一个漂亮姑娘, 她正在等人。
*Down came the rain and up went the umbrella.
下雨了, 伞都撑起来了。【归纳拓展】构成此类完全倒装的条件:
(1)表示方位的here, there, up, down, out, in等, 表示时间的now, then以及表示地点的介词短语位于句首;
(2)句子的谓语动词是系动词be或come, go, stand, lie, exist等不及物动词;
(3)句子的主语是名词。*There lived a cruel king in the castle.
那个城堡里住着一位残忍的国王。
*By the window sat a young man with a magazine in his hand.
窗户旁边坐着一个年轻人, 他手里拿着一本杂志。【即学活用】用倒装句翻译下列句子。
①铃响了。
_________________
②这座山的山顶有一座庙。
________________________________
③现在轮到你了。
___________________There goes the bell.On the top of the hill stands a temple.Now comes your turn.④(2013·上海高考)Among the crises that face humans ______ the lack of natural resources.
A. is B. are C. is there D. are there
【解析】选A。句意: 自然资源匮乏是人类面对的危机之一。表示方位的介词短语位于句首时, 主句的主语是名词, 主句要用完全倒装。正常语序为: The lack of natural resources is among the crises that face humans. 。【要点拾遗】
1. off the coast of. . . 在……的近海
【语境领悟】
*The United Kingdom is off the northwest coast of continental Europe.
英国位于欧洲大陆海岸线西北方向。
*The oil ship sank off the coast of Fujian.
这艘油轮是在福建海岸附近沉没的。【巧学助记】
off the coast
在(离开海岸的)海面上
on the coast
在大陆靠近海岸处
*The story happened in a village on the south coast of England.
那个故事发生在英格兰南海岸的一个村子里。【即学活用】介词填空。
①The British Isles are a group of islands that lie ___ the west coast of Europe.
②Situated ___ the coast of the Arabian sea, the city is the largest city of that country.
③There are some small islands ___ the coast and several villas___ the coast, too. offonoffon④Qingdao lies______the west of the Pacific Ocean, where we cannot find many islands______the coast.
A. on; off B. to; along
C. on; along D. in; off
【解析】选A。句意: 青岛位于太平洋的西海岸, 在那儿, 我们看不到许多岛屿。青岛与太平洋毗邻, 用on。在(离开海岸的)海面上用off。2. work on 致力于; 从事; 继续工作
【语境领悟】
*Gaudi worked on the project from 1882 until his death in 1926.
高迪自1882年起从事这项工程直至1926年逝世。
*He is working on a new novel.
他正在写一部新小说。
*After the heavy rain, they worked on until deep night.
大雨过后, 他们继续工作一直到深夜。【即学活用】用work短语的正确形式填空。
①He has been __________this painting for days.
②They have _________this subject for many years.
③Can you ________how much it will need? working onworked atwork out【归纳拓展】
work at 努力做……
work out 计划; 思考; 算出, 想出(办法等), 结果(良好)④He has been working______the homework, but some problems are really hard to work______.
A. on; at B. out; on
C. on; out D. at; on
【解析】选C。句意: 他一直做作业, 但有些问题真的很难解决。work on致力于, 从事; work out解出, 算出, 制定出; work at努力做……。3. be known as 作为……而出名/闻名
【语境领悟】
*Athens, the capital of Greece, is known as the birthplace of western civilisation.
雅典是希腊的首都, 作为西方文明的发祥地而闻名。
*He is known as a great statesman.
他作为一位伟大的政治家而闻名。【归纳拓展】
be known/famous as 作为……而闻名
be known/famous for 以……而闻名
be known/famous to sb. 为某人所熟知
*The place is known for its green tea.
这个地方以其绿茶而出名。
*The Great Wall is known to the world.
长城举世闻名。【即学活用】介词填空。
①Mo Yan is known __ the Chinese.
②He became internationally famous ___ his novel and poetry.
③Samuel Clemens, who was known __Mark Twain, became a famous American writer. toforas④Xu Beihong is most known______drawing horses______an artist.
A. for; as B. for; for C. to; for D. to; as
【解析】选A。句意: 作为一名艺术家, 徐悲鸿以画马而闻名。be known for因为……而出名; be known as作为……而出名; be known to为……所知。4. Twenty percent of the country is covered by islands. 这个国家百分之二十的国土是岛屿。
【句式分析】
该句是个简单句。“分数+of+名词/代词”构成的短语在句中作主语。当此结构作主语时, 其谓语动词的单复数形式取决于of后的名词或代词的单复数形式。*Two-thirds of the workers in the factory are men.
这个工厂三分之二的工人是男性。
*Three-fourths of the Earth’s surface is covered by water.
地球表面的3/4为水所覆盖。【名师点津】
“分数+of+名词”结构作主语时, 谓语动词的数常与of后的名词的数保持一致。
*About 30 percent of the students were absent that day.
那天大约有30%的学生缺席。
*Nearly 70 percent of the fund was supplied by the government.
将近百分之七十的资金由政府提供。【即学活用】用所给动词的适当形式填空。
①Two-thirds of the work _____________(do).
②More than 50 percent of the people ___ (be)in favour of the plan. has been doneare③Three-fourths of the homework ______ today.
A. has finished B. has been finished
C. have finished D. have been finished
【解析】选B。考查主谓一致。句意: 今天完成了作业的四分之三。“分数/百分数+名词”作主语时, 谓语动词取决于of后面名词的单复数。且homework与finish之间为被动关系, 故B项正确。5. One of Barcelona’s most famous landmarks is the Church of the Sagrada Familia, which was designed by an architect called Antonio Gaudi.
巴塞罗那最有名的标志性建筑之一是圣家大教堂, 由建筑师安东尼奥·高迪设计。【句式分析】
One of Barcelona’s most famous landmarks is the Churchof
the Sagrada Familia, which was designed by an architect
↓
引导定语从句
called Antonio Gaudi.
↓
过去分词短语作后置定语*The sun heats the earth, which makes it possible for plants to grow.
太阳给予大地热量, 这就使植物的生长成为可能。
*I’m going to write an article about the problem discussed at the last meeting.
我准备写一篇有关上次会议上讨论的问题的文章。【思维延伸】过去分词/现在分词/不定式作定语【即学活用】改写句子。
I have broken the glass which is filled with milk.
=I have broken the glass ______________. filled with milkHomework