外研版必修3 Module1 Europe Grammar1 Passive Voice课件(共41张PPT)

课件41张PPT。Module1 EuropeGrammar1 Passive Voice
Learning Objectives:Know the basic structure of passive voices.
Learn different forms in tenses.
Use passive voices correctly in basic tasks.
Learn some special points about passive voices.
Read the sentences and answer the questions.a Paris is visited by more than eight million tourists every year.
b The Sagrada Familia was designed by an architect called Antonio Gaudi.
c Florence's most beautiful paintings and sculptures were produced by great artists Leonardo da Vinci.
d Athens is known as the birthplace of western civilisation.
e The Parthenon was built during this period.1 What does the word by in the first three sentences tell you
2 Is there any difference in meaning between these two sentences?
Paris is visited by more than eight million tourists every year.
More than eight million tourists visit Paris every year.
3 Why is the word by not in the sentences d and e ?What is vioce?语态是一种形式，表示主语和谓语之间的具体关系。
英语中有两种语态：主动语态（active voice）和被动语态（passive voice）。
主动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的执行者；
被动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的承受者。
被动语态的构成be/get+done（及物动词的过去分词）The bridge was built last year (by the workers).
The bridge was not built last year (by the workers).
Was the bridge built last year (by the workers)?
When was the bridge built (by the workers)?
She gets caught in the storm.
He got hurt in the head.“by+执行者”常省略被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，表示句子的主语是动作的承受者，即动作的对象。
一般来说，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态，不及物动词没有被动语态。一.被动语态使用的场合、形式及特殊情况1.
被动语态
使用场合不清楚或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。Some new computers were stolen last night.The biggest apple is eaten by his brother.处于礼貌、婉转等避免说出动作执行者。You'll be contacted.
Visitors are required not to pick flowers.避免更换主语，以求行文流畅。The professor came in and was warmly welcomed.（连贯）
The professor came in and we welcomed him warmly.（不连贯）谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没必要；
动作承受者需强调，用被动语态莫忘了。
1.语法填空
(2017·全国I卷语法填空节选) When fat and salt _____________(remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something.
2.单句改错
(北京高考改编)- Did you enjoy the party?
Yes. We treated well by our hosts.
2. treated前加were。We是treat这一动作的承受者，故此处应用被动语态；根据问句的时态可知，此处应用一般过去时；又因主语为We，故在 treated前加were。are removedbe done2.被动语态的各种形式am/is/are+done一般现在时的被动语态People grow rice in the south of the country.
Rice is grown in the south of the country.be donewas/were+done一般过去时的被动语态They agreed on the building of a new car factory last month.
The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month.be doneam/is/are+being+done现在进行时的被动语态We are painting the rooms.
The rooms are being painted.v-ingbebeing现在进行时：am/is/are++被动语态： done现在进行时的被动语态： am/is/are++donebe donewas/were+being+done过去进行时的被动语态At this time last year we were planting trees here.
Trees were being planted here at this time last year.v-ingbebeing过去进行时：was/were++被动语态： done过去进行时的被动语态： was/were++donebe donehave/has+been+done现在完成时的被动语态Someone has told me the sports meeting might be put off.
I have been told the sports meeting might be put off.donebebeen现在完成时：have/has++被动语态： done现在完成时的被动语态： have/has++donebe donehad+been+done过去完成时的被动语态People had considered him to be a great leader.
He had been considered to be a great leader.donebebeen现在完成时：had++被动语态： done过去完成时的被动语态： had++donebe donewill+be+done一般将来时的被动语态They will send cars abroad by sea.
Cars will be sent abroad by sea.dobebe一般将来时：will++被动语态： done一般将来时的被动语态： will++donebe donewould+be+done过去将来时的被动语态They would complete the project by the end of the year.
The project would be completed by the end of the year.dobebe一般将来时：would++被动语态： done过去将来时的被动语态： would++donebe donewill have+been+done将来完成时的被动语态The supper will have been cooked before you go back.
The film will have been played ten times by next spring.donebebeen现在完成时：will have++被动语态： done现在完成时的被动语态： will have++donebe donewould have+been+done过去将来完成时的被动语态He said that the book would have been finished by eight o'clock.
The leader said that the project would have been completed before May.donebebeen现在完成时：would have++被动语态： done现在完成时的被动语态： would have++donebe done情态动词+be+done含情态动词的被动语态You must hand in your compositions after class.
Your compositions must be handed in after class.dobebe情态动词++被动语态： done含情态动词的被动语态： 情态动词++done真题链接
1.(2017·江苏)He hurried home,never once looking back to see
if he .
A.was being followed B.was following
C.had been followed D.followed
2.语法填空
①(2018·天津改编) The gold medal (award)
to whoever wins the first place in the bicycle race.
②2(208·天津改编) My washing machine (repair)
this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand .
③(福建高考改编) To my delight， I (choose) from
hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony . will/shall be awardedis being repairedwas chosenA3.被动语态的特殊情况：
(1)不定式的被动语态
①一般式( to be done)：表示不定式所表示的动作在谓语
动词所表示的动作之后发生或与其(几乎)同时发生。
②完成式( to have been done)：表示不定式所表示的动作
发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。
The book is said to be published soon.
据说这本书很快就会出版。
(2)接双宾语的动词变被动语态
有些动词在主动语态中常接双宾语，即直接宾语(一般指物)
和间接宾语(一般指人)。在变为被动语态时，如果间接宾语
被提前作主语，那么直接宾语保留不变；如果直接宾语被提前
作主语，那么间接宾语前一般要加上相应的介词to或for.
We gave him the letter.=He was given the letter by us.
=The letter was given to him by us.
我们把那封信给他了。
She bought her mother a new coat.
= Her mother was bought a new coat by her.
= A new coat was bought for her mother by her.
她给她妈妈买了一件新大衣。(4)接复合宾语的动词变被动语态
应将宾语变为被动句的主语，而宾语补足语保留不动
(此时宾语补足语变为主语补足语)。
We elected him our monitor.
= He was elected our monitor by us.
我们选他当我们的班长。
(5)含有宾语从句的主动结构变为被动结构时，通常用让作为被动结构的先行主语，从句放在句子后面，这类动词有know，say， believe，find, think, report等。如
It is said that he is a smart boy.
据说他是个机灵的孩子。1. The boy is said to have passed the national exam.(变为同义句)It is said that the boy has passed the national exam.常见其他句型：1. It is said that…
2. It is reported that…
3.It is believed that…
4.It is hoped that…
5. It is well known that…
6.It is thought that…
7. It is suggested that…大家希望据说众所周知 大家认为据建议大家相信据报道二.主动形式表示被动意义1.连系动词(如look， sound，smell，feel， taste， remain等)后
接表语时，一般用主动形式表示被动意义。
Your advice sounds practical.
你的建议听起来是可行的。
Whether we can have a holiday remains unknown.
我们能否放假还不知道。
The material feels very soft.
这种材料摸起来很软。
The food tastes delicious.
这种食物尝起来味道好极了。注意：在主动语态里，动词see,make,hear,watch,notice
等后面做宾语补足语的动词不定式不带to，但变为
被动语态时，to必须还原。
他们让他独自去哪里。
They made him go there alone.（主动语态）
He was made to go there alone.(被动语态)二.主动形式表示被动意义2.当open, close,shut,lock,move, read, wash, clean,cut
wear，carry，sell等用作不及物动词且表示主语的
某种属性时（表示主语本身所具有的性能），通常
用主动形式表示被动意义。常与副词well、easily连用.
The door won't shut.
这门关不上。
The book sells quickly.
这书销售得快。二.主动形式表示被动意义3.在"主语+谓语(系动词)+表语(形容词)+( for sh)to do"结构中，
句子的主语与构成不定式的动词之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，
且形容词表示主语的特征或性质，不定式用主动形式表示
被动意义。该结构中常用的形容词有easy,hard,difficult,
important, impossible, interesting, heavy 等。The question is very difficult to answer.
It is impossible to prove.
Do you think the water is safe to drink?
The stone is too heavy for the boy to lift.二.主动形式表示被动意义4.不定式作后置定语，与被修饰的名词之间构成逻辑上的动宾
关系，又和该句的主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，不定式常
用主动形式表示被动意义。
He has a lot of work to do this morning.5.在need, require,want,等少数表示"需要"的动词后的v-ing用主动
形式表示被动意义。(deserve、stand、bear)
The house needs cleaning.这所房子需要打扫。
This wall requires repairing.这面墙需要修理。
注：该结构中的v-ing改用不定式时则要用不定式的被动式。
The house needs to be cleaned.这所房子需要打扫。
This wall requires to be repaired.这面墙需要修理。二.主动形式表示被动意义6. be worth后的v-ing要用主动形式表示被动意义。
The movie is worth seeing.
这部影片值得一看。
7.不定式 to blame， to let用作表语时，通常要用主动
形式表示被动意义。
Who is to blame?
该怪谁呢?
The house is to let.
此屋出租。(湖南高考) We've had a good start, but next, more work needs
to achieve the final success.
A being done
B. do
C. to be done
D. to do
答案解析:"需要被……可以用need doing…"
或need to be done的形式表示。故C项正确C三.使用被动语态应注意的问题：1.不及物动词和表示状态的及物动词都不能用于被动语态。In recent years, great changes have taken place in China.（正）
In recent years, great changes have been taken place in China.（误）
The coat belongs to me.
The lecture hall can hold 500 people.常见的不及物动词（短语）有：
appear,die,disappear,fail,happen,last,lie,remain,sit,stand,break out,
come true,fall asleep,keep slient,lose heart,take place,run out等。（一）不能变被动语态的情况3.宾语是反身代词时不能改成被动句。She blamed herself.（正）
Herself was blamed.（误）
I absented myself from the meeting.（正）
Myself was absented from the meeting.（误）2.个别不能用于被动语态的及物动词(短语)。
（表示静止状态的动词短语）fit,have,wish,cost,agree with,arrive in/at,shake hands with,succeed in ,
suffer from,happen to,take part in,walk into,belong to,consist of ,
lose heart,keep up with等。4.宾语是相互代词时，不能改成被动句。They love each other.（正）
Each other is loved by them.（误）
We should help one another.（正）
One other should be helped by us.（误）5.宾语是同源宾语时，一般不能构成被动语态。He lived a happy life. =He lived happily.（正）
A happy life was lived by him.（误）
She dreamt a sweet dream.（正）
A sweet dream was dreamt by her.（误）6.表示地点、方向、长度、价格等意义的宾语时，不用被动语态。He left home for school.（正）
Home was left for school by him.（误）
The elephant weighs one ton.（正）
One ton is weighed by the elephant.（误）7.当宾语是动词不定式或动名词时，不能构成被动句。I like to have a trip tomorrow.（正）
To have a trip is liked by me tomorrow.（误）
He enjoys talking with others.（正）
Talking with others is enjoyed by him.（误）(二)动词短语的被动语态动词短语变被动语态时，不可以去掉后面的介词或副词。She often looks after the elderly.(主动语态)
The elderly are often looked after (by her).(被动语态)此类短语常用的有：
look after(照顾),take up(占据,开始从事),take care of (关心,照顾),
give up（放弃），make use of（充分利用），look into(调查)，
look down on（歧视）,find out（查出）,break into （闯进）,
laugh at（嘲笑）被动语态系表结构VS被动语态表示动作；系表结构表示特点、状态或性质。The book is written by a famous expert.（被动语态）
The book is well written.（系表结构）
The problem is settled quickly.（被动语态）
The problem is settled.（系表结构）过去分词前有very、too、so等程度副词修饰，该结构为系表结构。She is very pleased.
He was so frightened.
She is quite surprised at the good news.四.过去分词前有much、very much、too much、so much修饰时，该结构为被动语态。He was much agitated.
He was beaten so much that he couldn't stand up.系表结构可同形容词并列使用，而被动语态结构则不可。They were married in April.（被动语态）
They were married and happy.（系表结构）不及物动词的过去分词与be动词连用为系表结构，表示动作的完成。The man has been retired.
Time is gone.沙
场
大
点
兵1. The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, ____and perfected now.　　
A. developed 　B. have developed　　
C. are being developed D. will have been developed
2. --- ____ the sports meet might be put off.
　--- Yes, it all depends on the weather.
A. I've been told B. I've told 　 C. I'm told D. I told
3. The new suspension bridge ___ by the end of last month.
A. has been designed B. had been designed
C. was designed 　 D. would be designed
4. Great changes ___ in the city, and a lot of factories ___.
A. have been taken place; have been set up
B. have taken place; have been set up
C. have taken place; have set up
D. were taken place; were set up
5. This page needed ___ again.
A. being checked B. checked C. to check D. to be checkedHomework