阅读理解专题精讲
课前准备：精选的阅读词汇A： 构词法助记
构词法 动词v. 名词n. 形容词adj. 副词adv.
1、合成 deadline截止日期 ?
website网站
online在线；线上
2、转化
3、派生 province省；领域 provincial adj. 省的，州的；领地的；地方的，乡下的；粗野的，鄙俗的
govern vt. 管理；支配；统治；控制vi. 居支配地位；进行统治 government政府
apply vt.应用；涂；使专心从事vi.申请；有关联 application n. 应用；申请；应用程序；敷用
availability n. 可用性；有效性；实用性 available adj.可获得的；可购得的；可找到的；有空的
employ vt. 雇用；使用，利用 employment n. 使用；职业；雇用 unemployment n. 失业；失业状况
3、派生 select vt. 选择；挑选 selection n. 选择，挑选；选集；精选品 selective adj.选择的；选择性的；精挑细选的
relate v.叙述；使有联系；有关联；涉及；符合；发生共鸣 relation n.关系；联系；亲戚 relative n.亲属，亲戚；相关物；亲缘植物（或动物）；[语法学]关系词 relative adj. 相关的;相对的;相互有关的;比较而言的
disability n. 无力，无能；残疾；[法]无能力 disabled adj. 残废的，有缺陷的
短语 depend on依赖，依靠 all year round整年 provides sb. with sth.提供某物给某人 in the fall在秋天=in the autumn a variety of许多种 require sb. to do sth.要求某人去做某事 local natural resource management projects 当地自然资源管理项目
注意 run vi.跑 vt.经营；管理
课后进行主题材料关键词的积累和拓展复习及默写。
2019年全国卷I阅读理解
A
Need a Job This Summer?
The provincial government and its partners offer many programs to help students find summer jobs． The deadlines and what you need to apply depend on the program．
Not a student? Go to the government website to learn about programs and online tools available to help people under 30 build skills, find a job or start businesses all year round．
Jobs for Youth
If you are a teenager living in certain parts of the province, you could be eligible（符合条件）for this program． Which provides eight weeks of paid employment along with training．
Who is eligible： Youth 15-18 years old in select communities（社区）．
Summer Company
Summer Company provides students with hands-on business training and awards of up to $3,000 to start and run their own summer businesses．
Who is eligible：Students aged 15-29, returning to school in the fall．
Stewardship Youth Ranger Program
You could apply to be a Stewardship Youth Ranger and work on local natural resource management projects for eight weeks this summer．
Who is eligible：Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire, but not turning 18 before December 31 this year．
Summer Employment Opportunities（机会）
Through the Summer Employment Opportunities program, students are hired each year in a variety of summer positions across the Provincial Public Service, its related agencies and community groups．
Who is eligible： Students aged 15 or older．Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability．
21．What is special about Summer Company?
A．It requires no training before employment．
B．It provides awards for running new businesses．
C．It allows one to work in the natural environment．
D．It offers more summer job opportunities．
22．What is the age range required by Stewardship Youth Ranger Program?
A．15-18． B．15-24． C．15-29． D．16-17．
23．Which program favors the disabled?
A．Jobs for Youth． B．Summer Company．
C．Stewardship Youth Ranger Program． D．Summer Employment Opportunities．
课后进行主题材料关键词的积累和拓展复习。
2019年全国卷I阅读理解A：
体裁 应用文 题材 广告 主题 兼职活动
概要 本文介绍了学生在暑期可以兼职的四个项目。
题号 答案重点考查的能力： ①获取具体信息的能力 ②信息的综合分析能力 ③理解主旨要义的能力 ④推断归纳的能力 ⑤根据上下文推测词义的能力 干扰项特点：无中生有、张冠李戴、以偏概全、经验意识、数据迷惑、部分正确等。 注意提取题干的关键词，做到事半功倍！还有命题顺序原则！ 命题点启示： 熟悉干扰项手段，淡定应对！ 做好词汇拓展复习：派生词、同义、近义、反义等，关注语义场的运用！
21 B 获取具体信息的能力 题干关键词：special, Summer Company B选项对应Summer Company内容，文章中出现awards奖金awards of up to $3,000 to start and run their own summer businesses，对应B选项It provides awards for running new businesses. 其余选项属于：无中生有、张冠李戴 逐一排除，寻找信息支撑！
22 D 获取具体信息的能力 D选项对应Stewardship Youth Ranger Program的年龄范围，其余选项对不上，属于数据迷惑。 逐一排除，寻找信息支撑！
23 D 获取具体信息的能力 题干关键词：favors the disabled 对应文章末尾for persons with a disability 派生词互助
课前准备：精选的阅读词汇B：构词法助记
构词法 动词v. 名词n. 形容词adj. 副词adv.
1、合成 ?
2、转化 support 支持 support支持
praise表扬 praise表扬
3、派生 pronounce发音 pronunciation 发音
difficulty困难 difficult困难的
amaze使吃惊 amazement吃惊 amazing令人惊叹的 amazed感到惊叹的 amazingly令人惊叹地
confidence自信心 confident自信的 confidently自信地
president总统；总裁；董事长 presidential总统的；首长的
短语 next to在…近旁；仅次于；紧接 brings … to a conclusion做个总结 at the beginning of在……开头 make mistakes犯错误
佳句 欣赏 With shining dark eyes, he seems like the kind of kid who would enjoy public speaking． …when called upon to read, Chris would excuse himself to go to the bathroom． Learning English as a second language can be a painful experience．
课后进行主题材料关键词的积累和拓展复习及默写。
B
For Canaan Elementary’s second grade in Patchogue, N．Y．，today is speech day ,and right now it’s Chris Palaez’s turn． The 8-year-old is the joker of the class． With shining dark eyes, he seems like the kind of kid who would enjoy public speaking．
But he’s nervous．“I’m here to tell you today why you should … should…”Chris trips on the“–ld,”a pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers． His teacher ,Thomas Whaley, is next to him, whispering support．“…Vote for …me …”Except for some stumbles, Chris is doing amazingly well．When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion, Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him．
A son of immigrants, Chris stared learning English a little over three years ago． Whaley recalls（回想起）how at the beginning of the year, when called upon to read, Chris would excuse himself to go to the bathroom．
Learning English as a second language can be a painful experience． What you need is a great teacher who lets you make mistakes． “It takes a lot for any student,” Whaley explains, “especially for a student who is learning English as their new language, to feel confident enough to say, ‘I don’t know, but I want to know．’”
Whaley got the idea of this second-grade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president． The answer broke his heart． Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public． He wants these kids to learn to boast（夸耀）about themselves．
“Boasting about yourself, and your best qualities,” Whaley says, “is very difficult for a child who came into the classroom not feeling confident．”
24．What made Chris nervous？
A．Telling a story． B．Making a speech．
C．Taking a test． D．Answering a question．
25．What does the underlined word “stumbles” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A．Improper pauses． B．Bad manners．
C．Spelling mistakes． D．Silly jokes．
26．We can infer that the purpose of Whaley’s project is to _________．
A．help students see their own strengths B．assess students’ public speaking skills
C．prepare students for their future jobs D．inspire students’ love for politics
27．Which of the following best describes Whaley as a teacher?
A．Humorous B．Ambitious
C．Caring D．Demanding
2019年全国卷I阅读理解B：
体裁 记叙文 题材 教育 主题 竞选演说
概要 本文由学生Chris发表竞选演说的经历引出老师Thomas Whaley利用竞选演说鼓励同学们学会赞美自己，帮助其提升自信，走向成功。
题号 答案重点考查的能力： ①获取具体信息的能力 ②信息的综合分析能力 ③理解主旨要义的能力 ④推断归纳的能力 ⑤根据上下文推测词义的能力 干扰项特点：无中生有、张冠李戴、以偏概全、经验意识、数据迷惑、部分正确等。 注意提取题干的关键词，做到事半功倍！还有命题顺序原则！ 命题点启示： 熟悉干扰项手段，淡定应对！ 做好词汇拓展复习：派生词、同义、近义、反义等，关注语义场的运用！
24 B 获取具体信息的能力 题干关键词：What made Chris nervous? 选项B的关键词speech 对应第一段中的speech和第二段首句中的nervous，Chris在进行竞选演说时感到非常紧张。 留意命题顺序原则！
25 A根据上下文推测词义的能力 关键句But he’s nervous. “I’m here to tell you today why you should … should…” 关键词：nervous 对应A选项Improper pauses 注意but，however或instead，on the contrary等表示转折的词汇后面的内容常常是关键所在！
26 A 推断归纳的能力 题干关键词：infer the purpose 文章关键句He wants these kids to learn to boast（夸耀）about themselves． 推断作者的意图，需留意一些表达目的和意图的词汇，如： purpose, aim, want to , decide to, determine to, be to, be about to, be going to…
27 C 信息的综合分析能力 题干关键词：describe Whaley as a teacher 文章关键句His teacher, Thomas Whaley, is next to him, whispering support． humorous幽默的 ambitious 雄心勃勃的 caring 关心人的 demanding要求高的；苛刻的
课前准备：精选的阅读词汇C ：构词法助记
构词法 动词v. 名词n. 形容词adj. 副词adv.
1、合成 fingerprint n.指纹；特征 ?
keyboard n. 键盘
password n.口令；密码
straightforward adj.易懂的；笔直的；坦率的
plastic-like类似塑料的
2、转化
3、派生 identify vt. 识别，认出；确定；使参与；把…看成一样vi. 确定；认同 identity n.一致；身份；特征 identification n. 鉴定，识别；认同；身份证明
precise adj. 精确的；明确的；严格的 precisely adv.精确地
measure v.测量；比较；给予；权衡 measure n.措施；量度；尺寸；程度；办法 measurement n. 量度;份量，尺寸;测量法;（量得的）尺寸
press vt. 压，按;逼迫;紧抱 vi. 压;逼迫;重压 pressure n.压强；压力；压迫
secure vt. 保护;（使）获得;使安全；担保vi. 获得安全，变得安全；承保 security n. 安全；保证；证券；抵押品 adj. 安全的；保安的；保密的 secure adj. 安全的;牢固的;有把握的;安心的
analyze vt. 对…进行分析，分解（等于analyse） analysis n.分析；解析
determine vt. 决定，确定；判定，判决；限定vi. 确定；决定；判决，终止 determination n. 决心；果断；决定 determined adj.坚定的；坚决的；果断的；确定的，既定的
extend vt. &vi.延伸；扩大；推广；伸出；给予 extension n. 伸展，扩大;延长，延期;[医]牵引;电话分机
differ vt. 使…相异；使不同vi. 相异；意见分歧 difference n. 差异；不同；争执 different adj. 不同的；个别的，与众不同的 differently adv.不同地
describe vt. 描写，形容;叙述;描绘，作图 description n. 描述，描写；类型；说明书 descriptive adj.描述的；叙述的
volunteer vi. 自愿vt. 自愿 volunteer n. 志愿者；志愿兵 voluntary adj.自愿的；志愿的 voluntarily adv.自动地；以自由意志
collect v.收集；聚集；募捐 collection n. 采集，聚集；[税收] 征收；收藏品；募捐
recognize vt. 认出，识别；承认vi. 确认，承认；具结 recognition n. 识别；承认，认出；重视；赞誉；公认 recognizable adj. 可辨认的；可认识的；可承认的
participate vi.参加；参与 participant n.参与者 participation n.参加；参与
commercialize vt. 使商业化；使商品化 commerce n. 贸易；商业；商务 commercial adj. 商业的;贸易的;营利的;靠广告收入的n. （电台或电视播放的）广告
expense n.费用；花费；代价 expensive adj. 昂贵的，花钱多的；豪华的 inexpensive adj.廉价的；便宜的
固搭 apply to适用于；运用；致力于；涂抹 apply for申请 give access to接近 be connected to 把...连上 be connected with 把...与...连接起来 regardless of不管， 不顾 come up with提出；想出 sb. be familiar with sth.某人对......熟悉 sth./sb. be familiar to sb.某物或某人对某人来说很熟悉
课后进行主题材料关键词的积累和拓展复习及默写。
C
As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric（生物测量）technologies—like fingerprint scans—to keep others out of private e-spaces． At present, these technologies are still expensive, though．
Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device（装置）that gets around this problem： a smart keyboard． This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence（节奏）with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key． The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user's typing and the time between key presses． These patterns are unique to each person． Thus, the keyboard can determine people's identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer it's connected to—regardless of whether someone gets the password right．
It also doesn't require a new type of technology that people aren't already familiar with． Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently．
In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word “touch”four times using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the near future．
28．Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard?
A．To reduce pressure on keys． B．To improve accuracy in typing
C．To replace the password system． D．To cut the cost of e-space protection．
29．What makes the invention of the smart keyboard possible？
A．Computers are much easier to operate． B．Fingerprint scanning techniques develop fast．
C．Typing patterns vary from person to person． D．Data security measures are guaranteed．
30．What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard？
A．It'll be environment-friendly． B．It'll reach consumers soon．
C．It'll be made of plastics． D．It'll help speed up typing．
31．Where is this text most likely from?
A．A diary． B．A guidebook C．A novel． D．A magazine．
2019年全国卷I阅读理解C：
体裁 说明文 题材 科学技术 主题 智能键盘身份识别技术
概要 本文介绍了一种用智能键盘进行身份识别的技术。
题号 答案重点考查的能力： ①获取具体信息的能力 ②信息的综合分析能力 ③理解主旨要义的能力 ④推断归纳的能力 ⑤根据上下文推测词义的能力 干扰项特点：无中生有、张冠李戴、以偏概全、经验意识、数据迷惑、部分正确等。 注意提取题干的关键词，做到事半功倍！还有命题顺序原则！ 命题点启示： 熟悉干扰项手段，淡定应对！ 做好词汇拓展复习：派生词、同义、近义、反义等，关注语义场的运用！
28 D信息的综合分析能力 第一段第二句关键词： expensive, though 第二段第一句come up with a low-cost device（装置）that gets around this problem解决这个问题 留意命题顺序原则！
29 C 信息的综合分析能力 根据第二段的内容可知，智能键盘能够准确地测量人们打字的节奏和力度，而打字模式因人而异，因此，智能键盘通过分析用户的打字模式进行身份识别，故选C。 原文没有信息支撑A、B项，属于无中生有，可排除；根据第一段的内容可知，数据和身份盗窃变得越来越普遍，数据安全并未得到保障，故可排除D项。 逐一排除，寻找信息支撑！
30 B 推断归纳的能力 据第四段的最后一句“The team hopes to make it to market in the near future”可知，该研究团队希望在不久的将来将智能键盘推向市场，故选B。
31 D 推断归纳的能力 diary“日记”；guidebook“旅行指南”；novel“小说”； magazine“杂志”，故选D。
课前准备：精选的阅读词汇D：构词法助记
构词法 动词v. 名词n. 形容词adj. 副词adv.
1、合成 rose n. 玫瑰；粉红色；蔷薇（花） rosy adj.粉红色的；红润的；美好的；乐观的
well-explored深入探究的
2、转化 rise (rose, risen) v.上升; 提高; 达到较高水平(或位置);起来; 升起 rise n.（数量或水平的）增加，提高；（重要性、优势、权力等的）增强
rank vt.& vi. 排列，使成横排；把…分类 rank n. 阶层，等级；军衔；次序，顺序；行列
tap v.轻敲；轻拍；轻叩； (用…)轻轻叩击；开发 tap n.水龙头；旋塞；轻击；轻拍；轻敲
experience vt. 亲身参与，亲身经历；感受 experience n. 经验，体验；经历，阅历
3、派生 popularize vt.普及；使流行；使通俗化 popularity n. 普及，流行；名气；受大众欢迎 popular adj. 流行的，受欢迎的；大众的；普及的
psychology n.心理；心理学 psychologist n.心理学家，心理学者
like v.喜欢；想；愿意 n.类似的人或物 prep.像 conj.如同 likability n.可爱 likable adj.可爱的；讨人喜欢的
seek (sought, sought) vt.& vi. 谋求；寻求；依法要求 seeker n. 寻找者；寻求者； 追求者
strengthen v.加强；变坚固 strength n. 力量；力气；兵力；长处 strong adj. 坚强的；强壮的；牢固的；擅长的 adv. 强劲地；猛烈地
adolescence n. 青春期 adolescent n. 少年，少女 adolescent adj. 青春期的;青少年的;未成熟的
honor vt.尊敬；使荣幸；对...表示敬意；兑现 honor n.荣誉；荣幸；尊敬；信用；正直 honorable adj. 光荣的；可敬的；高贵的
behave v.表现；行为 behavior n.表现；行为
consequence n.结果；后果；重要性；影响 consequent adj.作为结果的；随之发生的 consequently adv. 所以，因此;因此；终于
aggressive adj.侵略的；进攻性的；好斗的；有进取心的 aggressively adv. 侵略地；攻击地；激烈地
adjust vt. 调整，使…适合；校准vi. 调整，校准 adjustment n. 调解，调整;调节器;调解，调停
kindness n.仁慈; 善良; 体贴; 宽容; 友好 kind adj.体贴的; 慈祥的; 友好的; 宽容的n.同类的人(或事物); 种类 kindly adv. 亲切地；温和地；仁慈地
open vt.& vi. （打）开;开始;睁开;启动 vt. 张开；开放；开张营业 openness n. 空旷;开阔;公开;率真 open adj. 敞开的，开着的;公开的，公共的;坦率的;有议论余地的
analyze vt. 对…进行分析，分解（等于analyse） analysis n.分析；解析
短语 smoke cigarettes抽烟, break rules破坏规则 play jokes on others戏弄其他人 sort… into… 把…..分类…… interpersonal skills 人际关系技巧 have the opposite effect on… 对有……相反影响 gain an advantage获取好处
佳句 Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible for those outcomes, too. 讨人喜欢不仅与积极的生活结果密切相关，而且也会促使产生这些结果。
课后进行主题材料关键词的积累和拓展复习及默写。
D
During the rosy years of elementary school（小学）, I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status． I was the queen of the playground． Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids． They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself．
Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology． Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories： the likable and the status seekers． The likables’ plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work． Then there’s the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence： status born of power and even dishonorable behavior．
Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed, Dr．Prinstein’s studies show unpleasant consequences． Those who were highest in status in high school, as well as those least liked in elementary school, are “most likely to engage（从事）in dangerous and risky behavior．”
In one study, Dr．Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents, scoring the least liked, the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys（调查研究）． “We found that the least well-liked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates． But so had those who were high in status． It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us．"
Dr．Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play date-sharing, kindness, openness — carry over to later years and make you better able to relate and connect with others．
In analyzing his and other research，Dr．Prinstein came to another conclusion： Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible for those outcomes, too． "Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage, ” he said．
32．What sort of girl was the author in her early years of elementary school?
A．Unkind． B．Lonely． C．Generous． D．Cool．
33．What is the second paragraph mainly about？
A．The classification of the popular．
B．The characteristics of adolescents．
C．The importance of interpersonal skills．
D．The causes of dishonorable behavior．
34．What did Dr．Prinstein’s study find about the most liked kids?
A．They appeared to be aggressive．
B．They tended to be more adaptable．
C．They enjoyed the highest status．
D．They performed well academically．
35．What is the best title for the text?
A．Be Nice-You Won’t Finish Last
B．The Higher the Status, the Better
C．Be the Best-You Can Make It
D．More Self-Control, Less Aggressiveness
2019年全国卷I阅读理解D：
体裁 说明文 题材 研究发现 主题 青少年中小学阶段的受欢迎类型
概要 本文主要探讨了青少年小学与中学阶段的受欢迎类型及其影响。
题号 答案重点考查的能力： ①获取具体信息的能力 ②信息的综合分析能力 ③理解主旨要义的能力 ④推断归纳的能力 ⑤根据上下文推测词义的能力 干扰项特点：无中生有、张冠李戴、以偏概全、经验意识、数据迷惑、部分正确等。 注意提取题干的关键词，做到事半功倍！还有命题顺序原则！ 命题点启示： 熟悉干扰项手段，淡定应对！ 做好词汇拓展复习：派生词、同义、近义、反义等，关注语义场的运用！
32 C获取具体信息的能力 题干关键词：What sort of girl was the author 文章第一段的第一句关键句： enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes可知，作者在小学时乐于分享，故选C选项generous慷慨的，大方的。unkind不友好的 lonely孤独的 cool酷的 share分享 generosity慷慨 运用语义场解题！
33 A理解主旨要义的能力 33．What is the second paragraph mainly about？ 文章第二段的第二句关键词sorts the popular into two categories: the likable and the status seekers”可知，受欢迎的人被分为两类：受人喜爱的人和追求地位的人，接着第三、四句分别描述了两类受欢迎的人的特征，故A项The classification of the popular最能概括本段主要内容。第二段中没有提到青少年的特点，人际交往能力的重要性和不光彩行为的原因，故A、C、D属于无中生有。 运用段落定位法！
34 B 获取具体信息的能力 题干关键词：Dr．Prinstein’s study, the most liked kids 根据第四段的最后一句“It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us”可知，受人喜爱的人能够进行健康的调整，故选B。根据第四段的第二句可知，最不受欢迎的青少年变得越来越好斗，故可排除A； C、D两项无中生有，原文没有信息支撑，可排除。 逐一排除，寻找信息支撑！
35 A理解主旨要义的能力 根据全文内容尤其是最后一段的第一句“In analyzing his and other research．Dr．Prinstein came to another conclusion: Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible for those outcomes，too”可知，受人喜爱与积极的人生结果相关，是这些结果的成因。因此，对人友好，你的人生不会太差，故选A。
15
阅读理解专题精练
阅读理解(共两节，满分40分) 2018年全国卷I
A
Washington, D．C．Bicycle Tours
Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington， D．C．
Duration :3 hours
This small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see the world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington, D．C．Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom．Reserve your spot before availability — and the cherry blossoms—disappear!
Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour
Duration:3 hours (4 miles)
Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington, D．C．Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop．Guided tour includes bike, helmet, cookies and bottled water.
Capital City Bike Tour In Washington, D．C．
Duration:3 hours
Morning or Afternoon，this bike tour is the perfect tour for D．C．newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington，D．C． in a healthy way with minimum effort．Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks. Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route(路线）make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing．
Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour
Duration：3 hours(7miles)
Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington， D．C．Get up close to the monuments and memorials as your bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall． Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history．Tour includes bike, helmet, and bottled water． All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights．
21．Which tour do you need to book in advance?
A．Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D．C．
B．Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour．
C．Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D．C．
D．Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour．
22．What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour?
A．Meet famous people． B．Go to a national park．
C．Visit well-known museums． D．Enjoy interesting stories．
23．Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide?
A．City maps． B． Cameras． C．Meals D． Safety lights
课后进行主题材料关键词的积累和拓展复习。
2018年全国卷I阅读理解A：自行车观光旅行
题号 答案重点考查的能力： ①获取具体信息的能力 ②信息的综合分析能力 ③理解主旨要义的能力 ④推断归纳的能力 ⑤根据上下文推测词义的能力 干扰项特点：无中生有、张冠李戴、以偏概全、经验意识、数据迷惑、部分正确等。 注意提取题干的关键词，做到事半功倍！还有命题顺序原则！ 词汇拓展复习：派生词、同义、近义、反义等，关注语义场的运用！
21 A 获取具体信息的能力 根据第一条旅行路线介绍的最后一句“Reserve your spot before availability – and the cherry blossoms – disappear”可知，选择第一条旅行路线需要提前预订。 reserve n.储备；保护区；保留；替补队员vt.储备；保留；预约 vi. 预订adj. 保留的；预备的 availability n.可用性；有效性；实用性 book vt.预订 book in advance 提前预订
22 D 获取具体信息的能力 D．Enjoy interesting stories．匹配根据第三条旅行路线介绍中的most interesting stories entertain you with the most interesting stories 与 enjoy interesting stories表达同个意思，故平时要注意近义表达。
23 D 获取具体信息的能力 第四条旅行路线是Night Bicycle Tour，根据最后一句“All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights”可知，该路线为夜间骑车观光的游客提供反光背心和安全灯。 关注关键词和关键句！ be equipped with 配备有 reflective vests 反光背心 safety lights安全灯
B
Good Morning Britain’s Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning， but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role — showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget．
In Save Money: Good Food，she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste， while preparing recipes for under ?5 per family a day．And the Good Morning Britain presenter says she’s been able to put a lot of what she’s leant into practice in her own home， preparing meals for sons, Sam, 14, Finn, 13, and Jack, 11．
"We love Mexican churros, so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant, " she explains． "I pay ?5 for a portion(一份), but Matt makes them for 26p a portion, because they are flour, water, sugar and oil． Everybody can buy takeaway food, but sometimes we’re not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves．"
The eight-part series(系列节自), Save Money: Good Food, follows in the footsteps of ITV’s Save Money: Good Health, which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market．
With food our biggest weekly household expense, Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week．In tonight’s Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget．The team transforms the family’s long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes．
24．What do we know about Susanna Reid?
A．She enjoys embarrassing her guests．
B．She has started a new programme．
C．She dislikes working early in the morning．
D．She has had a tight budget for her family．
25．How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna?
A．He buys cooking materials for her． B．He prepares food for her kids．
C．He assists her in cooking matters． D．He invites guest families for her．
26．What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4?
A．Summarize the previous paragraphs．
B．Provide some advice for the readers．
C．Add some background information．
D．Introduce a new topic for discussion．
27．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Keeping Fit by Eating Smart B．Balancing Our Daily Diet
C．Making yourself a Perfect Chef D．Cooking Well for Less
课后进行主题材料关键词的积累和拓展复习。
2018年全国卷I阅读理解B：文章介绍一档节目，其能够帮助预算紧张的家庭做出好吃的饭菜。
题号 答案重点考查的能力： ①获取具体信息的能力 ②信息的综合分析能力 ③理解主旨要义的能力 ④推断归纳的能力 ⑤根据上下文推测词义的能力 干扰项特点：无中生有、张冠李戴、以偏概全、经验意识、数据迷惑、部分正确等。 注意提取题干的关键词，做到事半功倍！还有命题顺序原则！ 词汇拓展复习：派生词、同义、近义、反义等，关注语义场的运用！
24 B 获取具体信息的能力 根据第一段中的“but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role – showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget”可推知，这位电视节目主持人正在主持一档新的节目，介绍如何少花钱做出好吃的饭菜。 A、C、D项属于无中生有。 embarrass使尴尬 is used to doing习惯于做某事 grill n.烤架；铁格子；烧烤(食物) vt.拷问；(在烤架上)烤 重要的是注意but后面的内容！ 原文关键词：latest最新的 答案关键词：new新的 注意同义词的考查！
25 C 信息的综合分析能力 根据第二段的第一句可知，在节目中，厨师Matt Tebbutt帮助Susanna Reid给家庭提出关于如何减少食物浪费的建议和准备食谱。A、D项属于无中生有；B项属于张冠李戴。 原文关键词：with the help of… 答案关键词：assist… in…协助 注意同义词的考查！
26 C 信息的综合分析能力 本段不是对前三段内容的概括，可排除A项；本段没有给读者提出建议，可排除B项；本段的目的不是介绍一个新的讨论话题，故可排除D项。 C选项旨在提供一些背景信息，非限定从起解释作用。 summarize vt. 总结，概述 summary n. 总结，概述 previous 以前的 provide some advice for提供建议 background information背景信息 introduce vt.介绍 introduction n.介绍
27 D 理解主旨要义的能力 本文介绍了由Susanna Reid主持的一档电视节目，给观众介绍如何少花钱做出好吃的又有营养的饭菜，因此本文的最佳标题应为Cooking Well for Less。A、B、C项属于离题。
C
Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years，but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going．When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit (联系)groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other．Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them．
Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number．In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation．the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education．especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English．Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over．
At present, the world has about 6 800 languages． The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven． The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers．Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1,000． Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800．The median number (中位数)of speakers is a mere 6,000，which means that half the world’s languages are spoken by fewer people than that．
Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction(消亡)， with only a few elderly speakers left．Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico(150)．Lipan Apache in the United States(two or three)or Wadjigu in Australia (one，with a question-mark)：none of these seems to have much chance of survival．
28．What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times?
A．They developed very fast． B．They were large in number．
C．They had similar patters． D．They were closely connected
29．Which of the following best explains "dominant " underlined in paragraph 2？
A．Complex B．Advanced C．Powerful D．Modern
30．How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present?
A．About 6, 800 B．About 3,400
C．About 2,400 D．About 1,200
31．What is the main idea of the text?
A．New languages will be created．
B．People’s lifestyles are reflected in languages
C．Human development results in fewer languages
D．Geography determines language evolution．
课后进行主题材料关键词的积累和拓展复习。
2018年全国卷I阅读理解C：
题号 答案重点考查的能力： ①获取具体信息的能力 ②信息的综合分析能力 ③理解主旨要义的能力 ④推断归纳的能力 ⑤根据上下文推测词义的能力 干扰项特点：无中生有、张冠李戴、以偏概全、经验意识、数据迷惑、部分正确等。 注意提取题干的关键词，做到事半功倍！还有命题顺序原则！ 词汇拓展复习： 派生词、同义、 近义、反义等，关注语义场的运用！
28 B推断归纳的能力 根据第一段的最后一句可知，在狩猎时代，人口少，语言却很丰富，故选B。根据第一段第二句可知，在狩猎时代，小的紧密联系的群体发展了各自独立的语言，故C、D项错误；根据第一段的内容可知，文中未提及狩猎时代语言的发展速度，可排除A项。
29 C 根据上下文推测词义的能力 根据第二段最后一句“In recent centuries…all have caused many languages to disappear，and dominant languages such as English，Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over”可知，近几个世纪以来，随着社会的发展，很多语言已经消失，英语、西班牙语、汉语逐渐占主导地位。故选C 。 complex复杂的 complicated错综复杂的；难懂的 advanced高级的，先进的 powerful有影响力的modern现代的
30 B 推断归纳的能力 根据第三段最后一句“The median number（中位数）of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the world's languages are spoken by fewer people than that”可知，目前全球不同语言使用人数的中位数仅是6 000，这就意味着世界上有一半的语言的使用人数不到6 000；结合第三段第一句“At present, the world has about 6,800 languages”可知选B。
31 C 理解主旨要义的能力 根据第一段第一句中的“but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going”和第二段可知，随着人类社会的发展，尤其是工业化、全球化以来，很多语言已经消失，即人类的发展使得语言的种类越来越少。故选C。本文并未提及新的语言将会被创造，可排除A项；本文并未提及人们的生活方式反映在语言上，可排除B项；本文并未说明地理决定语言的进化发展，排除D项。
D
We may think we're a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new，but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices(装置) well after they go out of style． That’s bad news for the environment — and our wallets — as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things．
To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life — from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device．This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s．Devices were grouped by generation．Desktop computers，basic mobile phones，and box-set TVs defined 1992．Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997． And MP3 players， smart phones， and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002，before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007．
As we accumulated more devices，however，we didn't throw out our old ones． "The living-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids' room， and suddenly one day， you have a TV in every room of the house，" said one researcher． The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007． We're not just keeping these old devices — we continue to use them． According to the analysis of Babbitt's team， old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions（排放）more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window．
So what's the solution（解决方案）? The team's data only went up to 2007, but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing．They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%．
32．What does the author think of new devices?
A．They are environment-friendly． B．They are no better than the old．
C．They cost more to use at home． D．They go out of style quickly．
33．Why did Babbitt's team conduct the research?
A．To reduce the cost of minerals．
B．To test the life cycle of a product．
C．To update consumers on new technology．
D．To find out electricity consumption of the devices．
34．Which of the following uses the least energy?
A．The box-set TV． B．The tablet．
C．The LCD TV． D．The desktop computer．
35．What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices?
A．Stop using them． B．Take them apart．
C．Upgrade them． D．Recycle them．
课后进行主题材料关键词的积累和拓展复习。
2018年全国卷I阅读理解D：
题号 答案重点考查的能力： ①获取具体信息的能力 ②信息的综合分析能力 ③理解主旨要义的能力 ④推断归纳的能力 ⑤根据上下文推测词义的能力 干扰项特点：无中生有、张冠李戴、以偏概全、经验意识、数据迷惑、部分正确等。 注意提取题干的关键词，做到事半功倍！还有命题顺序原则！ 词汇拓展复习：派生词、同义、近义、反义等，关注语义场的运用！
32 A 推断归纳的能力 根据对第一段的整体理解可知，与新的电子设备相比，过时电子设备不仅耗能高，而且危害环境，所以可推断出，新的电子设备是环保的，故选A项。根据文章第一段中的“as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things” 可知，新的电子设备耗能低，比旧设备好，故B、C项错；本文未提及电子设备的过时速度快，故D项错。
33 D 获取具体信息的能力 根据文章第二段第一句可知，Babbitt的团队做这项研究的目的是计算电子设备的耗电情况，故选D项。
34 B 获取具体信息的能力 根据文章最后一段最后一句可知，用平板电脑替换电视机和台式电脑会节省44%的能耗，根据第二段中的“LCD TVs entered…showed up in 2007”可知，平板电脑应比液晶电视耗能低，故选B项。
35 A 推断归纳的能力 根据文章最后一段第二句中的“the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function”可推断出，文章建议用多功能的新设备来替换过时设备，即停止使用过时设备，故选A项。 take apart拆卸 upgrade使升级 recycle回收利用
1
