选修7 Unit1 Living well
重难点大串讲
一． 词汇串讲
1.disability?????? n.?
disability?可用作可数名词和不可数名词，用作可数名词表“残疾”；用作不可数名词表“无能、劳动能力丧失”。?
【归纳拓展】
able adj.? unable adj.? enable v.disable v.disabled adj.? ability n.disability n.inability n.? disability?（因疾病）无能?
She learned to triumph over her disability.她学会了战胜她自身的残疾。
His disability caused this thing to fail.他的无能导致了这件事失败。?
2.beneficial adj.
【归纳拓展】 n.benefit v.benefit
It's a beneficial result to us.对我们来说那是有利的结果。
Word of mouth advertising is the mostbeneficial.口碑广告是最有利的。
It was for the benefit of your company thatwe did that.我们这样做都是为了你们公司的利益。
Applications for unemployment benefitsdropped last month.
上个月申请失业津贴的人数下降了。
A benefit performance will be held tonight.今晚有义演。
The plants benefited from the rain.?植物得益于这场雨。?
The new hospital will benefit the entirecommunity.新医院将有益于整个社区。
A large number of students will benefitfrom the new teaching method.
多数学生将从这个新的教学方法中得益。
【归纳拓展】
be beneficial to有益于?
benefit?vt.&vi.（常与from,by连用）获益；得益于???
beneficial?是形容词?
benefit?既可作名词又可作动词?
?3.adapt???vt.?
I have learned to adapt to my disability.?我已经学会了适应我的残疾。?
He adapted himself to the cold weather.?他适应了寒冷的天气。??
When he moved to Canada,the childrenadapted to the change very well.?
他移居加拿大后孩子们很能适应变化。?
Here is a letter adapted from DearMary,Philadelphia Bulletin,March 9,1973.这里摘登一封《亲爱的玛丽》的回信,刊登在1973年3月9日的《费城公报》上。?
【归纳拓展】?
adapt for使适合于;为……改编/改写?
adapt from根据……改写/改编?
adapt oneself to使自己适应或习惯于某事?
adapt sth.to使某事物适应或适合?
特别提示?
adapt adjust fit suit match ?
都含“适合?、适应”的意思。
adapt?指“修改或改变以适应新条件”,如:?
You should adapt yourself to the newenvironment.?你应该适应新环境。?
adjust?指“调整、调节”使之适应,如:?
You can’t see through the telescope untilit is adjusted to your eyes.?
你把望远镜调节到适合你的目光之后,你才看得见?。?
fit?多指“大小适合”,引伸为“吻合”,如:?
The shoes fit me well.?
这鞋我穿正好。?
suit?多指“合乎要求、?口味、性格、情况”,如:?
No dish suits all tastes.众口难调。?
match?指“大小、色调、形状、性质等相配或相称”,如:?
A red jacket doesn’t match green trousers.?红上衣与绿裤子不相配。??
4.annoy???vt.?
I do not get annoyed.?我一点也不生气。?
These flies are annoying me.?这些苍蝇真让人讨厌。?
We’re annoyed at his cavalier treatment ofhis old friends.?
他用这种傲慢的态度对待老朋友,我们都感到气愤。?
【归纳拓展】?
be annoyed with sb.for/at sth.为(某事)对(某人)生气?
特别提示????
annoy bother都含有“使恼怒”或“使烦恼”的意思。?
annoy?指由于干扰、不顺利或受不了某种外界情况等而“使烦恼、懊恼”,如:?
I was annoyed by his bad manners.?他的无礼使我恼怒。?
bother?指不停地“扰乱、麻烦”,使人不能安宁,而产生烦恼的心理。?如:?
Pardon me for bothering you with such asmall matter.?请原谅我为这点小事麻烦你。?
?5.conduct????n.?v.?
Why has his fellow students conduct changedtowards Marty??
为什么马蒂的同学对他的行为有所改变？?
His conduct disagrees with his words.?他言行不一。?
Your children conduct themselves well.?你的孩子们品行良好。?
My aunt conducts her business verysuccessfully.?我的婶婶把企业经营得很成功。?
The headmaster conducted us round theschool.?校长带领我们在学校里参观了一圈。?
【归纳拓展】
?conduct n.?
(1)行为、品行?(2)进行、引导、领导、指导?
(3)护送、带领(乐队等)?(4)管/处理、实施?(5)方法、情节?
conduct vt.?
(1)进行?(2)引导、带领、牵引?(3)指挥?(4)导（电）?(5)表现?(6)处理、经营、实施?
Conduct vi.?(1)引/指导、指挥乐队演奏?(2)任售票员?(3)传导?
特别提示?
conduct+or?构成名词（公共汽车、电车等的）“售票员”，（乐队的）指挥等。?
6.resign ???v.?
If Tom resigns, who will get the job?如果汤姆辞职，谁会得到这份工作？?
He resigned his post because he had beenoffered a better job.?
他辞职了，因为他有了更好的工作。?
【归纳拓展】
resignation n.辞职（书），遗弃?
He handed in his resignation.?他递交了辞职书。?
resigned adj.?属从的，顺从的?
特别提示?
resign oneself to?使（自己）听任，顺从?
7.assistance???n.?［U］?
I was given some assistance in coming to mydecision.?
我作出这项决定时得到过一些帮助。?
Unless we receive more financial assistancefrom the government, the hospital will have to close.?如果我们得不到政府财政上更多的援助，这家医院就得停办。?
【归纳拓展】
assist v.帮助?assistant n.助理，助手?
特别提示?
help和assistant的同义词辨析：?
动词help?和assistant?的含义往往相同，但assistant?较正式，而且总是暗示被帮助者自己也在做一部分工作。?
I can’t push the car on my own—will someone help /assistant me??
我自己推不动这辆车，有谁能帮我一下吗？?
If someone is in difficulties,you helpthem.（不能用assistant）?若某人处于困境，你帮助他。?
help后面可以接动词不定式，而?assistant?则不能这样用。?
?8.companion?????n.?
He is a good traveling companion for me.?
对我来说他是一个好的旅行伙伴。?
I hope she will become the companion of mylifetime.?
我希望她能成为我的终生伴侣。?
【归纳拓展】
companionship n.伴侣关系，友谊?
companionable adj.?适宜做伴的，友好的?
特别提示?
companion to?与另一物相配之物?
I used to have a companion to that vase,butI broke it.?
我那个花瓶以前是一对，但我把另一个打碎了?。?
9.congratulate v.?
We congratulated her on the birth of herdaughter.?我们祝贺她喜得千金。?
She congratulated herself on not lookingher age.?她非常庆幸自己不显老。?
【归纳拓展】
congratulation n.恭喜，道贺?
特别提示?
Congratulations(on...)!祝贺你（……）!?
?10.accessible????adj.?
The island is accessible only by boat.?这岛只有乘小艇才能去。?
A manager should be accessible to hisstaff.?经理应该让职员感到平易近人。?
The information ought to be made moreaccessible.?资料应该（整理得）明白易懂。?
【归纳拓展】
?access n.进入，入口，取得的方法，权利等?
?accession n.就职，就任，继位?
特别提示?
have no access to education没有受教育的机会?
a sudden access of wealth财富的突然增多?
11.all in all
All in all,I have a good life.?总而言之，我生活得很愉快。?
All in all，it was a pleasant trip today.?总之，今天的旅行是愉快的。?
【归纳拓展】
all in all/in all?一般来说，总的说来? in all?总共?
above all?尤其是，重要的是?after all?毕竟?first of all?首先?
?12.make fun of
So don’t feel sorry for the disabled ormake fun of them.?
因此，不要为残疾人感到遗憾也不要取笑他们。?
People make fun of her because she wearssuch a strange hat.?
人们取笑她，因为她戴了一顶这么奇怪的帽子。?
It’s wrong of the other children to makefun of you.?
其他孩子取笑你是错误的。?
【归纳拓展】make fun of?相当于play a joke on somebody，是“取笑”的意思。laugh at?和make fun of?的区别如下：make fun of?有时是善意的取笑，开玩笑；而laugh at则含有蔑视、看不起的意思。? fun是不可数名词，意为“乐趣”。?
?13.in particular
In particular,I would like you to considerthe following.?
尤其，我想要你考虑一下以下建议。?
I noticed her eyes in particular，because they were such an unusualcolour.?
我尤其注意到她的眼睛，因为它们的颜色非同寻常?。?
He stressed two points in particular.?他特别强调了两点。?
【归纳拓展】in particular=especially。?especially意思是“特别地……；不寻常地”，强调程度。在进一步补充说明前面所叙述的事的时候，前面一般用逗号隔开，一般用来修饰形容词、介词短语或状语从句。specially意思是“特意地；专门地”，强调目的，一般用在表示目的的不定式或介词for短语前面。be particular about挑剔……?
14．absence??n．①[C] & [U]缺席；不在②[U]缺乏
A stranger brought you this letter during your absence.你不在时，一个陌生人给你捎来了这封信。
【归纳拓展】
(1)absence of mind 心不在焉
in sb's absence 某人不在时
in the absence of sth 缺乏某物
(2)absent ?adj. ①缺席的；不在的 ②缺乏的
be absent from 缺席……
absent－minded ?adj. 心不在焉的
15．access??n．①接近/进入的方法；到达/进入的权利②通道；入口
Only a few people have access to the full facts of the incident.只有几个人可以知道事件的全部真相。
【归纳拓展】
have/gain/get/obtain access to 可接近；可进入；可使用
accessible/?k'ses?bl/?adj. 容易取得的；容易接近的；容易受影响的
be accessible to 能接近……，可使用……
16．in other words?换句话说
【归纳拓展】
have a word with sb 与某人谈话
keep/break one's word 遵守诺言/食言；失信
beyond words 无法用语言表达
17．cut out?切下，裁剪
【归纳拓展】
cut across 抄近路
cut away 切，剪，去掉
cut down 减少，砍倒
cut in 插嘴，插队
cut off 切断，阻碍
cut up 切碎，使悲痛，使伤心
18．out of breath?上气不接下气
Reaching the top of the tower，he was out of breath.到了塔顶他就上气不接下气了。
【归纳拓展】
catch/hold one's breath 屏息；憋住气
lose one's breath 喘不过气
二． 句型串讲
1.used to
In fact,I used to dream about one day beinga famous football player and representing our country in the World Cup.
?事实是，我过去常常梦想有一天能成为一名著名的足球运动员代表国家参加世界杯比赛。
There used to be a bus stop on that corner.?在那个拐角上曾有一个公共汽车站。?
I used to go to office on foot but I don’tdo that now.?过去我步行上班，但现在我不这样了。
【归纳拓展】
（1）used to do,be used to sth./doingsth.与be used to doused to表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态，但现在已不再发生或存在。?
（2）be used to sth./doing sth.结构，意为“习惯于”。be可用于多种时态，可用get或become替换，以表示“逐渐习惯于”。?
（3）be used to sth.意为“被用来做某事”，其中use是及物动词“使用”，是被动结构，不可和系表结构的be use to doing sth.相混淆。??
2.so that?
There should be a space at the end of eachrow so that people in wheelchairs can sit beside their friends.?
在每排坐位的后面都应留有空间以便于那些乘坐轮椅的人坐在他们朋友的旁边。?
I’ll show you so that you can see how it’sdone.?我做给你看，以便使你明白如何做此事。?
Jack worked hard so that he might get agood job.?为了能找到一份好工作，杰克努力工作。
【归纳拓展】
(1）so that=in order that。但位于句首时，只能用in order that不能用so that。so that既可引导结果状语从句，又可引导目的状语从句，而in order that只能引导目的状语从句。?
(2）so as to?与in order to?大致相似，但用于句首时只能用in order to。??
3.too...to
Some days I was too tied to get out of bed.?有时候我太疲劳了以致于起不了床。?
He is too old to work.?他太老了不能再工作了。?
She was too excited to say a word when she heard the news.?
当她听到这个消息时激动地说不出话来。?
【归纳拓展】?
too...to结构一般表示否定含义,意为“太……以致于不能”。?
但too...to在下列情况下却表示肯定含义:?
(1)当too前或to前有否定词构成双重否定时。?
e.g:English is not too difficult to learn.?
英语并不太难学。?
(2)当too后是glad,pleased,happy,delighted,satisfied,ready,willing,kind,apt,good,true,
easy,near,careful,well,early,delicious,eager,anxious等形容词或副词时。?
e.g:They are too anxious to leave.?他们急于离开。?
I’m only too glad to see you.见到你非常高兴。?
(3)与cannot连用时。?
e.g:You cannot be too careful(=You cannever be careful enough)to do your homework.你做作业越仔细越好(=无论怎样仔细也不过分)。?
(4)当不定式在句中作定语或真正的主语时。?
e.g:There are too many problems to besolved.?有很多问题有待解决。?
4.These stories are very positive and describe thesatisfying lives these young people live even though they have somedifficulties.?
这些故事都是积极乐观的，描述了这些生活中虽有困难但仍过着满意人生的人们的生活。????????这是一个由and连接的并列句，the satisfying lives theseyoung people live even though they have some difficulties作第二个简单句中describe的宾语，其中these young people live eventhough they have some difficulties是定语从句修饰lives，其中even thoughthey have some difficulties是定语从句中的一个让步状语从句。?
5.For the first 12months of its life the puppy lives with a sighted family who give it as manydifferent experiences with people,other animals,traffic and noises as they can.?
?在小狗出生后的最初12个月期间，它生活在有正常视力的家庭里，人们会尽可能地为它提供各种机会接触到更多的人，其他动物以及适应交通和噪音等。?
这是一个简单句，with短语作伴随状语，其中又包含who引导的定语从句修饰family。??
6 .Zhang Yuncheng’sbook describes what his life is like,what his hopes and dreams are and how heovercomes the problems he faces every day.?
张运成在书里展示了他的生活，他的希望和梦想还有他是怎样克服每天都要克服的困难的情景。
三． 语法串讲
1.综述：动词不定式 to do是动词的一种非谓语形式，在句中不能单独作谓语。动词不定式具有动词的性质，它可以有自己的宾语和状语，从而构成动词不定式短语。它还可以有形式的变化，即一般式、进行式、完成式和完成进行时，主动式和 被动式。同时，动词不定式也具有非动词的性质，相当于一个名词、形容词或副词，可以在句中担任主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语和状语。
2.?动词不定式的构成
动词不定式是由不定式符号 to+动词原形构成，在某些情况下 to 也可省略。
主动形式 被动形式 否定式
一般式 to do/ to be done/ not to do/ not to be done
进行式 to be doing/ not to be doing
完成式 to have done/ to have been done/ not to have (been) done
完成进行式 to have been doing/ not to have been doing
2.1?不定式的一般式 to do/ to be done not to do/ not to be done
不定式的一般式表示的动作通常与主要谓语的动作同时或几乎同时发生，或是在它之后
发生。
He appears to be very happy. 他看起来好像很高兴。（同时发生）
To catch the train, we'd better hurry to the station by taxi.
为了赶上火车，我们最好赶紧乘出租车去车站。（赶火车发生在到站之后）
2.2?不定式的进行式
to be doing/ not to be doing
不定式的进行式表示正在进行的或与谓语动词同时发生的动作。
It happened to be raining when I got there. 我到达那里的时候，天碰巧在下雨。
I'm glad to be traveling with you. 我很高兴和你一起旅游。
有时表示即将发生的动作
The old man seems to be dying.
2.3?不定式的完成式
to have done/ to have been done/
not to have (been) done
2.3.1?不定式的完成式表示的动作在谓语表示的动作之前发生。
I'm sorry to have lost your key. 我很抱歉把你的钥匙弄丢了。
I meant to have finished my work last night, but I didn't feel very well.
我本来想昨晚完成工作的，但是我感觉身体不舒服。
It has been an honor for me to have been invited to your country.
对我来说，被邀请来你们国家是一件很荣幸的事情。
2.3.2?不定式的完成式可以表示未实现的愿望
下列动词的过去式加不定式完成式，或他们的过去完成时加不定式的一般式，可表示过去未
曾实现的愿望，计划等，可译为“本打算，原希望”。
expect, intend, hope, mean, plan, promise, suppose, think, want, wish, would like to
I expected to have met him here last night. 我以为昨天晚上能在这里见到他。（但没做到）
2.4?不定式的完成进行式
to have been doing/ not to have been doing
不定式的完成进行式表示的动作在谓语之前发生并且一直进行着。
He was said to have been living in London for twenty years. 据说他在伦敦一直住了 20 年。
I'm sorry to have been interrupting you. 很抱歉，我一直打扰你。
比较：不定式的时态意义。
He is said to be studying abroad.
据说他正在国外读书。（不定式的进行式表示动作正在进行）
He is said to have studied abroad.
据说他在国外学习过。（不定式的完成式表示动作已经结束）
2.5?不定式的被动形式
当不定式逻辑上的主语是这个不定式表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动形
式。不定式的被动形式根据其与谓语动作发生的先后关系，有一般式和完成时两种。
2.5.1?一般式 to be done
These are the books to be given out to the students. 这些是要发给学生的书。
He asked to be sent to the place where he was most needed. 他要求被派往最需要他的地方。
2.5.2?完成式 to have been done
The novel is said to have been translated into many languages.
据说这部小说已被译成多种语言。
He appeared to have been questioned for many times. 看起来他已经被询问过很多次了。
2.6?不定式的否定形式
不定式的否定形式由 not 或 never 加不定式构成。
Never to have made any mistake is impossible. 从不犯错是不可能的。
注意：谓语动词的否定和不定式的否定不同的意义
I did not promise to wake him up. 我没有答应叫醒他。
I promised not to wake him up. 我答应了不叫醒他。
3.?动词不定式的用法
动词不定式除了不能单独作谓语外，几乎能担任句子中所有的句子成分。
3.1?动词不定式作主语
不定式具有名词的特征，可在句子中充当主语。
3.1.1?不定式短语在句首作主语
To know oneself is difficult. 人贵有自知之明。
To say is one thing and to do is another. 说是一回事，做又是另一回事。
To love and to be loved is the greatest happiness one can get. 爱与被爱是一个人能获得的
最大幸福。
3.1.2?用 it 作形式主语
在很多情况下，人们通常用 it 作为形式上的主语，而把不定式移到谓语之后，使句子
结构显得平衡一些。
It's rude to turn your back to your teacher and refuse to answer.背对着老师，拒绝回答问题
是不礼貌的。
It is impossible to learn a foreign language without making painstaking effort.想不下苦功就
能学会外语是不可能的。
It seemed a pity to have wasted so much time. 浪费了这么多时间，真是遗憾。
注意：
当主语和表语都是不定式时，不能用形式主语代替动词不定式。
To respect others is to be respected. 尊重别人就是尊重自己。
To become a slave is to give up one's freedom. 做奴隶就等于放弃自由。
3.2?动词不定式作表语
不定式作表语可以说明主语的具体内容或表示目的。
His wish is to become an astronaut. 他的愿望是成为一名宇航员。
What he hoped was to be admitted into the university. 他希望能被大学录取。
To live is to do something worthwhile. 活着就是要做一些有价值的事情。
注意：
有些作表语的不定式，在结构上是主动的，但在意义上却是被动的。
She is to blame. 她应该受到责备。
The house is to let. 此房出租。
The result is not long to see. 结果不久就会看到。
3.3?动词不定式作宾语
不定式可以充当部分及物动词的宾语，也可以充当 but 和 except 等介词的宾语以及形容
词的宾语。
3.3.1?作动词的宾语
3.3.1.1?不定式可以充当部分及物动词的宾语。
Father likes to listen to music in silence. 父亲喜欢静静地听音乐。
He prefers to be starved to death rather than beg. 他宁愿饿死也不愿乞讨。
I never thought to meet you here. 我没想到在这里遇见你。
常见的可接不定式作宾语的动词有：
afford, agree, aim, arrange, ask, attempt, beg, begin, care, choose, claim, content, continue,
contrive, decide, decline, demand, desire, deserve, determine, endeavor, expect, fail，fear, forget,
guarantee, happen, hate, help, hesitate, hope, intend, learn, long, manage, mean, need, offer, plan,
prefer, pretend, promise，refuse, remember, seek, swear, think, tend, threaten, try，undertake,
venture, want，wish
3.3.1.2?在 feel, find, make, think, consider 等动词后，如果宾语带有宾语补足语时，人们常常
用 it 作形式宾语，而把真实宾语放在宾语补足语之后。
I found it possible to work out the problem without a computer. 我发现有可能不用计算机
而解出这道题目。
She made it a rule to get up at five. 她养成了五点起床的习惯。
I feel it a great honor to be invited to speak at the meeting before so many students. 我觉得
被邀请在会上面对这么多学生发言是一件很光荣的事情。
3.3.2?作介词的宾语
不定式可以作介词 but 和 except 的宾语。
The teacher made no comments except to tell him to work hard. 老师除了叫他努力学习外，
未做任何评价。
He had no choice but to sit there as usual. 他没有什么选择，只好像往常一样坐在那儿。
There is nothing we can do but wait patiently. 我们只能耐心等待。
注意 1：动词不定式通常不作介词的宾语，但动词不定式前如有疑问词，就可作介词的宾语。
Professor Wang gave some advice on how to learn a foreign language.
注意 2：带 to 不定式与不带 to 不定式的情况:
① 对于边际情态助动词(need, dare)，如果作情态动词则跟不带 to 不定式，作普通动词
则后跟带 to 不定式；特殊地，dare 作情态动词后跟不带 to 不定式，作普通动词 to
可有可无
② let, make, have 等使役动词 + 宾语，之后用不带 to 不定式，当使役动词为被动态时，
则需将不带 to 不定式转为带 to 不定式
③ see, hear, observe, notice, feel, watch, look at, listen to 等感官动词 + 宾语，之后用不
带 to 不定式，当上述动词为被动态时，则需将不带 to 不定式转为带 to 不定式
④ help 或 help + 宾语后既可用带 to 不定式，也可以不带 to 不定式
注意区分 can’t help (to) do / can’t help but do / can’t help doing
⑤ 在某些情态成语后的 to，如 would rather / would sooner / would as soon (宁愿) / may as
well / might as well / can’t but / can’t help but 后跟不带 to 不定式；一些作“宁愿……而
不愿”解释的词组，如 would rather … than … / would sooner … than … / would as
soon … as …句型中，省略号处都为不带 to 不定式
⑥ 介词 except, but 后，如果之前有动词 do 及其变形(do 的某种形式)，则其后跟不带 to
不定式，否则不定式带 to，如
They did nothing except work. ?There’s no choice but to wait.
形象描述为“有毒(do 及其变形)无兔(to)，有兔(to)无毒(do 及其变形)”(有毒则无兔子)
3.4?动词不定式作宾语补足语
不定式可以在“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”句型中充当宾语补足语。
四． 话题串讲
（一）话题综述
本单元的中心话题Living well，让学生学习残疾人凭借顽强的毅力和社会的关爱，去克服生活中的种种困难，以积极的态度面对人生的挑战，对living well with disability有了自己的认识。通过本单元的学习，学生能用英语谈论日常生活中残疾人会面临的出行困难和可能的改进措施，并培养对残疾人的尊重和关爱意识。
(二）话题词汇
1. hono(u)r n. 荣誉，光荣；vt.尊敬；给予荣誉
2. inspire vt.鼓舞；激励
3. seize vt.抓住(时机等)
4. achievement n. 成就；成绩；功绩→achieve vt.完成；实现
5. cheerful adj.兴高采烈的→cheer n. & vt.欢呼
6. confident adj.自信的→confidently adv.自信地→confidence n. 自信；信任
7.warmhearted adj.热心的；热情的
8. contribution n. 贡献→contribute vt.捐献，贡献→contributor n. 捐助者；贡献者
9. creative adj.富有创造力的
10. educated adj.受过教育的；有教养的
11. embarrassed adj.尴尬的
12. energetic adj.精力旺盛的→energy n. 精力；活力
13. generous adj.慷慨大方的
14. handsome adj.英俊的；帅的
15. humoro(u)s adj.幽默的；诙谐的→humo(u)r n. 幽默
16. independent adj.独立的
17. intelligence n. 智力，才智，智慧
18. outspoken adj.直率的，坦诚的
19. outstanding adj.优秀的；杰出的
20. talented adj.有才能的
（二）话题短语
1.be active in对……很积极，积极参加
2. be curious about对……好奇
3. be devoted to致力于，专注于
4. be enthusiastic about...对……充满热情，热衷于
5. be gifted at/in...对……有天赋
6. be honoured as...被誉为……
7. be qualified for适合，胜任……
8. be responsible for对……负责
9. be satisfied/content with对……满意
10. be skilled in在……方面熟练
11. be strict with sb.对某人很严格
12. do well in...在……方面做得好
13. dress in the latest fashion穿着时髦
14. have a talent/gift for有……才能
15. in one’s thirties在某人三十几岁时
（四）话题典例
假如你是李华，最近，上周你校举办了一个有关成功女性的展览,其中有关海伦·凯勒的成就给你留下了深刻的印象，请你就此写一篇英语文章介绍海伦·凯勒。
【范文】
Last week our school held an exhibition about successful women, of which about the achievements of Helen Keller made a deep impression on me.
Helen Keller was born in 1880 in the United States of america. 19 months when she was lost to sight and hearing. Her teacher Mrs.Ann Sullivan at the age of 7 when she came to her side, opened her early education. With the help of the teacher, she finished her university studies, learn typing, proficient in French and German. She dedicated her life to the blind, deaf, dumb and international services for persons with disabilities. Her autobiography, The Story of My Life has inspired people all over the world. I admire her for her, was also impressed by the spirit and perseverance, as people with disabilities she can be fearless, so we normal people, continue to waste good time?
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选修7 Unit 1 Living well
基础强化练
一． 单词拼写
1. If you __________(惹恼) the cat, she will scratch you.
2.That was the first __________(鼓励) I had ever received from him.
3. Nothing could stop me from achieving my __________(雄心).
4. I am afraid it will be very hard for you to __________(改编)this story for children.
5 Why has your fellow students’ __________(行为)changed towards you?
6. He was _____________(笨拙的) with a tool.
7. Wang Han found the climate there ____________( ?有益的) to his illness and stayed there for a long time.
8. Who took his place and controlled the company during his ________________ (不在) ?
9. I’m going to give some suggestions to this famous ________________(建筑师).
10. A man’s _______________（尊严）doesn’t depends on his wealth but on his character.
二． 单项选择
1．－I'mentering for an 800?meter race.
－______.
A．Congratulations B．Enjoy yourself C．Good luck? ???? D．All the best
2．The food supply was ______ for people's need in the quake－stricken areas under the leadership of the government.
A．adequate? ?????? B．Strict C．necessary? ?????? D．important
3．The prisoner was released early because of good ______.
A．conduct? ? B．Praise C．comment? ?????? D．condition
4．The new policy will ______ the elders a lot that people over 65 can take buses free of charge.
A．discount? ? B．Support C．approve? ? D．benefit
5．For professional athletes, ______ to the Olympics means that they have a chance to enter the history books.
A．appeal? ???? B．Attachment C．access? ????? D．approach
6．—Mike,what did our monitor say just now?
—Every boy andevery girl, as well as teachers who ______ to visit the museum, ______ asked to be at the school gate before 6：30 in the morning.
A．is;is? ? B．are;are C．is;are? ????? D．are;is
7．She fulfilled her ______ to become the first woman to run the 10 000 metres in 30 minutes.
A．intention? ?B．Attempt C．attention? ?D．ambition
8．Would you like there ______ a meeting to discuss the matter?
A．being? ?????? B．to be C．is? ????? D．be
9．I'm going to Paris next week; would you like to deal with my letters during my______？
A．appearance? ?? B．Distance C．absence? ?? D．presence
10．The world will be different, and we will have to be prepared to ______ the change.
A．Adapt to? ? B．Adopt to C．Apply to? ? D．Devote to
11．The boy made ______ fun of me, so I became annoyed ______ him.
A．a;with? ??? B．/;with C．a;about? ? D．the;about
12．We had to ______ fate, seeing that we could do nothing to help ourselves.
A．Resign ourselves to? ????? B．bury ourselves to
C．Apply ourselves to? ?????? D．devote ourselves to
13．You didn't perform as well as the other competitors ______，?youfailed.
A．As a consequence? ?????? B．On the contrary
C．As a result? ???? D．In other words
14．—I'm taking a driving license test next month.
—______.
A．All the time? ?? B．All the best C．All the way? ??? D．All the same
15．—Oh,must you? Stay a bit longer. It's been such fun having you.
—______，?but I've got an early start tomorrow morning.
A．Noproblem? ?? B．Allright C．Thanksanyway? ?? D．Nevermind
三． 词汇串写
Yang’s ________（雄心） was to get an ________________（建筑师证书）or become a ________（保龄球） master. But when he was________ （执行）experiments with a ________（显微镜） in the ________（地下室）, a ________ （水箱）on the ________（长凳） exploded, sending him flying ________（向外）through the ________（出口）. He was ________ （喘不过气）while knowing he lost his________（视力）________ （也）70% of his ________（听力）.________（换句话说）, he was ________（残疾）.
Feeling________（笨拙）, he was________（气恼） at first though nobody ________ （取消）him. He ________（取消） going outdoors and just ________ （闲坐）at home talking to his ________ （鹦鹉）or ________（乌龟） silently. His sister ________（辞职） to help him ________（在许多方面）. Her ________（帮助） and ________（鼓励） were so ________（有益） to his ________ （心理）that he________（适应） his ________（残疾） soon and became ________（外向的） again. In a college ________（接受） to him, he studied________（政治） and _______（文学）. He always sat in the front _______ （排）near the _______（入口）without any________（缺席） and, with the help of his ______（轻便好用）_______ （手提电脑）, he studied well by means of_______（听写）. His thesis, _______ （废除）_______（《废除奴隶制》）, _______ （遇到）all professors’ ________（认可）. After class, he and his _______（同伴）often played drum（） music, which was ________（吵闹）but ________（合适） for his hearing.
After________（毕业）, he made high ________（利润） by designing ________（软件） for a firm. ________（总之）, in his________（社区）, he won his ________（尊严） and people’s ________（祝贺）.
He always wished ________（万事如意） to his disabled ________（同伴） and encouraged them, “________（不介意）! All you have is________（足够） to get your achievement.”
四． 语法强化
1. This company was the first ____ portable radios as well as cassette tape recorders in the world.
A. producing B. to produceC. having produced D. produced
2. The purpose of new technology is to make life easier, ____it more difficult.
A.not making B. not make C.not to make D. nor to make
3. Helen had to shout ______above the sound of the music .
A.making herself hear B. to make herself hear
C. making herself heard D.to make herself heard
4. I don’t know whether you happen_______ ,but I am going to study in the U.S.A this September.
A.to be heard B. to be bearing C.to hear D.to have heard
5. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only ______the film stars had left.
A.to tellB.to be toldC.tellingD.told
6. You were silly not _______your car.
A. to lockB. to have lockedC. lockingD. having locked
7. The teacher asked us ______so much noise.
A.don’t makeB. not makeC. not makingD.not to make
8. An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered _____clear warnings before firing any shots.
A.to issueB. being issuedC. to have issuedD. to be issued
9. I’d rather have a room of my own, however small it is, than_______ a room with someone else.
A. to shareB. to have sharedC. shareD. sharing
10. The bank is reported in the local newspaper_________ in broad daylight yesterday.
A. Robbed B. to have been robbed
C. being robbed D. having been robbed
11. A number of paintings in the castle are believed ________in a fire.
A. being destroyedB. having been destroyed
C. to be destroyedD. to have been destroyed
12. The meeting _______ next week is sure to be a great success.
A. to take placeB. to be taken place
C. to have taken placeD. being taken place
13. As a result of my laziness, I failed ________ my work in time.
A. and finishedB. to finishC. and finishingD. to finished
14. I am sorry ______ written you a letter at the time.
A. to have not B. to not have C. not to have D. not having
15. Will you lend him a magazine _________?
A. to be read B. for reading C. to read D. he read
16. He could do nothing but _______for the bus _________.
A. wait, to come B. wait; come C. waiting; coming D. waited; came
17 .It is a problem that doesn't need ________ right now.
A. to solve B. solving C. being solvedD. to be solving
18. There’s a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _______ trouble.
A. Making B. to make C. to have made D. having made
19. I remember _______him _______the bike needed __________.
A. hearing, saying, to repair B. to hear, say,to repair
C. hearing, say, repairing D. to hear, saying, to be repaired
20. --- You should have thanked her before you left.
--- I meant _________, but when I was leaving I couldn’t find her anywhere.
A. to do B. To C. Doing D. doing so
21. Robert is said to __________ abroad, but I don’t know what country he studied in.
A. to have studied B. to study B. to be studying D. to have been studying
22. I’m gong to Xi’an next week. Have you anything __________ to your parents?
A. to take B. to be taken C. to be bought to D. to buy
23. when are they __________ in their plan?
A. Hand B. Handed C. to hand D. give
24. In such dry weather, the flowers will have to be watered if they _____________.
A. have survived B. are to survive C. would survived D. will survive
25. When we hurried to the station, there happened ________ no bus at that time.
A. to have B. to be C. Having D. being
26.I lost my way in complete darkness and, _________ matters worse, it began to rain.
A. Made B. having made C. Making D. to make
27.At ________ time does the salesgirl getup late in the morning, though she isalways too busy _________ a good rest.
A. no, to take B. no, taking C. any, to take D. one, taking
28.--Are you a student?
--No, but I used _________.
A. to be B. to was C. to do D. to be a
29.I stopped to listen,and my sonseemed_________ himself _________ in the living room.
A. to enjoy,to shutB. to be enjoying, shutting
C. to be enjoying, shutD. to have enjoyed, having shut
30.With a lot of difficult problems _________, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.
A. Settled B. Settling C. to settle D. being settled
31.We’re leaving at six o’clock, and hope _________ most of the journey by lunch time.
A. to do B. to have done C. to make D. to have made
32.The study of the wild world may help to make the world easier _________.
A. understoodB. to be understoodC. to understandD. understand
33.Who will you get __________ the project for us?
A. designB. to designC. designedD. designing
34.It is said in Australia there is more land than the government know __________.
A. it what to do with B. what to do it with
C. what to do with it D. to do what with it
35.We are not allowed __________ outdoors with some other children.
A. Playing B. to be playing C. to play D. be playing
36.Allen had to call a taxi because the box was _________ to carry all the way home.
A. much too heavy B. too much heavy
C. heavy too much D. too heavy much
37.She feels so strongly that each of us should have a role __________in making the earth a better place to live in.
A. to have played B. to play C. to be played D. to be playing
38.When I handed the report to John, he said that George was the person _________.
A. to send B. for sending it C. to send it to D. for sending it to
39.Do let your mother know all the truth, she appears _________ everything.
A. to tell B. to be told C. to be telling D. to have been told
40.There are five pairs ___________, but I’m at a loss which to buy.
A. to be chosen B. to choose from C. to choose D. for choosing
41.The problem is _________ difficult for us __________.
A. so; work out B. very too; to be worked out
C. rather too, to workout D. quite too, to work it out
42.---Where should I _________ my application?
---The personnel office is the place __________.
A. send; to send it B. send for; to send it to
C. send for; for sending it D. send; to send it to
43.I’ve worked with children before, so I know what ___________ in my new job.
A. Expected B. to expectC. expectsD. to be expecting
44.I feel it is your husband who ___________ for the spoiled child.
A. is to blame B. is going to blame C. is to be blamed D. should blame
45.Can you imagine the questions I had __________ our teacher?
A. askedB. to askC. askingD. ask
46.Who did you _________ the wall yesterday?
A. have paintedB. have paintC. have to paintD. have painting
47.---What’s the matter with John?
---He didn’t pass the test but he still ___________.
A. hopes soB. hopes toC. hope itD. hope that
48.Much attention should be paid ____________ people’s living conditions.
A. in improvingB. to improveC. improvingD. to improving
49.___________ that evening was due to his ill health.
A. He failed to comeB. That he failed to coming
C. His failure to comeD. His failure in coming
50. I would love _______ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.
A. to goB. to have goneC. goingD. having gone
答案：
单词拼写：
1.annoy 2.encouragement 3.ambition 4.adapt 5.conduct
6.clumsy 7.beneficial 8.absence 9.architect 10.dignity
二．单项选择
1．答案：A 解析本题考查了congratulate的用法。句意：——我进入八百米决赛了。——祝贺你。当别人取得成功或做了一些好的事情时，向对方表示祝贺，用congratulations，故选A。
2．答案：A
解析句意：在政府的领导下，地震灾区的食品供应是充足的，能够满足人们的需求。adequate意为“足够的；充分的”，符合句意。
3．答案：A解析句意：这罪犯因表现良好提前获释。conduct指“(人的)行为；品德；品行”。
4．答案：D解析句意：这项新政策将使老年人受益很多，超过65岁的老年人可以免费乘坐公交车。discount意为“打折”；support意为“支持”；approve意为“赞成”；benefit意为“使……受益”。
5．答案：C
解析考查名词辨析。access意为“进入”。句意：对于专业运动员来说，参加奥运会就意味着他们有机会被载入史册。appeal意为“请求”；attachment意为“附加”；approach意为“接近；方法”。
6．答案：
D解析考查主谓一致。?aswell as连接两个名词时，谓语动词应与前一个名词的单复数一致。Everyboy and every girl作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
7.答案：D
解析考查名词辨析。ambition意为“雄心；抱负”；intention?意为“目的；意图”；attempt?意为“企图”；attention?意为“注意”。
8．答案：B
解析考查不定式作宾补，即?wouldlike sb./sth. to do。
9．答案：C
解析absence意为“不在场；缺席”；appearance意为“出现”；distance意为“距离”；presence意为“出席”。由句意知，C项正确。
10．答案：A
解析adapt to意为“适应于”；adopt?意为“收养；采纳”；?apply to?意为“与……有关系；使用”；devote to?意为“奉献”。
11．答案：B
解析句意：这个男孩取笑我，所以我对他很恼怒。makefun of意为“取笑”；be annoyed with意为“对某人恼怒”。
12．答案：A
解析句意：由于我们无法自助，只好听天由命了。resignoneself to? ...意为“听任摆布；只好……”。
13．答案：D
解析考查交际用语。后面一句话是对前一句的解释，inother words意为“换句话说”符合句意。as a consequence意为“结果”；on thecontrary意为“相反”；as a result意为“结果”。
14．答案：B
解析考查交际用语。句意：——下月我要参加驾照考试。——(祝你)一切顺利。all the best表示“(祝你)一切顺利”，符合语境要求。
15．答案：C
解析考查交际用语。从but可知是表示感谢，故用thanksanyway。
三． 词汇串写
（加粗划线之处为答案）
Defeat Disability
Yang’s ambition was to get an architect certificate or become a bowling master. But when he was conducting experiments with a microscope in the basement, a tank on the bench exploded, sending him flying outwards through the exit. He was out of breath while knowing he lost his eyesight as well as 70% of his hearing. In other words, he was disabled.
Feeling clumsy, he was annoyed at first though nobody made fun of him. He cut out going outdoors and just sat around at home talking to his parrot or tortoise silently. His sister resigned to help him in many ways. Her assistance and encouragement were so beneficial to his psychology that he adapted to his disability soon and became outgoing again. In a college accessible to him, he studied politics and literature. He always sat in the front row near the entry without any absence and, with the help of his handy laptop, he studied well by means of dictation. His thesis, Abolishing Slavery, met with all professors’ approval. After class, he and his companions often played drum music, which was noisy but suitable for his hearing.
After graduation, he made high profits by designing software for a firm. All in all, in his community, he won his dignity and people’s congratulations.
He always wished all the best to his disabled fellows and encouraged them, “Never mind! All you have is adequate to get your achievement.”
四．语法强化
1---10 BCDDBBDACB 11---20 DABCCABBCB 21---30 ABCBBDAACC
31-40 BCBCCABCDB 41-50CDBABBBDCB
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