选修7 ?Unit?4?Sharing
重难点大串讲
一． 词汇串讲
1． arrangement n. 安排；排列
Could you arrange a dinner party of ten persons? 你能安排10个人的晚餐会吗？
固定搭配：arrange for sb. to do sth. 安排某人做某事；make arrangements for为……做安排
I have made arrangements for my journey to England. 我已为去英格兰的旅行准备好了。
relevant??adj. 有关的；贴切的；恰当的
It is a great honour for me to tell you some information relevant to the local life.
我很荣幸告诉你一些和当地生活相关的信息。
When I am faced with a difficulty，I usuall choose to refer to relevant learning materials or Web pages.当我面对困难时，我常常选择参考相关学习资料或网络。
3．adjust/?'d??st/ ?vt.&vi. ①(使)适应；(使)校准；(使)调整 ②整理；使有条理
She carefully adjusted her clothes and her hair before going out.
她出门之前仔细地整了整衣服和头发。
adjust(oneself) to (doing) sth ?(使某人)适应(做)某事
adjustment/?'d??stm?nt/?n.[C]&[U]调整；调节
make an adjustment/adjustments to ?调整……(以适应……)
adjustable?adj. 可调节的；可调整的
4．participate??vi. (与in连用)参与；参加
Use an effective teaching style that allows people to participate in their learning.
运用一种有效的培训风格让人们参与到学习中去。
5．otherwise??conj. 否则；不然 ?adv. 用别的方法；其他方面
Otherwise，you may have problems such as red eyes，pain in the eyes，or a more serious condition.否则的话，你可能会有这样的问题，像红眼、眼痛或更严重的情形。
6．privilege??n. 特权；荣幸
Having been born to privilege in old Hollywood，she was carrying on a family tradition by acting.
她出身于过去好莱坞的名门，继承了当演员的家族传统。
7．donate??v. 捐赠；捐献
She is willing to donate money to a worthy cause.她愿为高尚的事业捐款。
(1)donate...to... ?把……捐给……
同义短语：subscribe to，donate to，contribute to等。
(2)donation ?n. 捐款；捐赠
donor ?n. 捐赠者；输血者
8．voluntary?? adj. 自愿的; 志愿的; 无偿的; n. 志愿者 v.自愿做; voluntarily adv.自愿/志愿地
The gift you give is not something your loved one keeps but a voluntary contribution towards the lives of people who really need it.你送的礼物不是给你所爱的人保存的，而是给那些有真正生活需要的人的一种无偿捐助。
固定搭配： volunteer for sth.自愿提供某物
volunteer to do自愿做某事
be voluntary to do sth.自愿做某事
We run the meals－on－wheels service on a voluntary basis.
我们根据自愿的原则，开展上门送饭的服务。
distribute??vt. 分配；散布；分开 distribution ?n. 分配；分发
They distributed their products and the distribution took them a long time. 他们分发了他们的产品，这花了他们很长时间。
10．operate??vi. ①操作；运转 ②起作用；奏效 ③(常与on连用)动手术；开刀?vt. ①操作；开动 ②经营③对……动手术
For most people，it's almost impossible to operate a computer without a mouse...
对大多数人而言，没有鼠标几乎无法操作电脑……
operation ?n. [C] &[U]①操作；工作；运转 ②手术?③作战(行动)
operator ?n. [C]话务员；操作员；经营者；企业主
11. be dying to do sth. 极想；渴望
I know you are dying to hear all about my life here. 我知道你极想了解我在这儿的生活情况。
表示“渴望做某事”的还有long to do sth.，desire to do sth.，be eager to do sth.，have an desire to do sth.等；表示“极想得到某物”的有long for，be dying for，be thirsty for，have a strong desire for等。
After a long dry season, the trees are dying/ thirsty for water. (迫切需要水分).
12. dry out干透；使(浸水之物)干透 ( vi. & vt. ); dry up (指河流等)干涸;擦干( vi. & vt. )
Your clothes will take a long time to dry out. 你的衣服要很久才能干透。
11.in need在困难中；在穷困中
We should do all we can to help those in need.我们应该尽力帮助有困难的人。
固定搭配：in need of 需要
There is no need to do sth. 没必要做某事
13. hear from sb. 收到某人的来信
Hearing from Fernando will give you an opportunity to learn about another culture. 收到费尔南多的信将会给你了解另一种文化的机会。
hear from的宾语是人，不是letter。
They will be delighted to hear from you. (收到你的来信的).
二． 句型串讲
1. To be honest, I doubt whether I’m making any difference to these boys’ lives at all. 老实说, 我怀疑我是否给这些孩子的生活带来什么影响。(B7 P29)
to be honest 老实说; 说实话; 说实在的
相同用法： to be exact 确切地说；to be fair 公平地说
He came back home very late last night, or early this morning to be exact (确切地说).
make a difference to… 对……有影响/起作用
类似短语：have an effect on… 对……有影响; make much/a great difference 有很大影响; make no/ a little/ difference没有影响
The Internet has made a great difference to people all over the world
(给世界人民带来了巨大的影响).
2．It was such a privilege to have spent a day with Tombe’s family. 与汤贝一家度过一天, 真是荣幸之至。(B7 P30)
It is / was a privilege to do sth. 做某事是件荣幸/难得的事
It is a great privilege (很荣幸) for me to give you a talk here.
3.8.As my students have no concept of doing experiments.
?n.【哲】概念，观念， 思想， (基本)原理， 定则， 意想
1）How do you reform ethical concept ?如何改变伦理观念？
2）We learn the fundamental strategic concept of Maozedong我们学习毛泽东的根本战略思想。
3）Knowledge management is a concept. 知识管理是一种概念。
4）We should understand Changes in the concept of nationalism? 我们应该理解爱国主义内涵的变迁。
5）The concept that human beings have two basic natures, the physical and the spiritual. 二元论认为人有两个基本属性，物质的和精神的属性的观念。
have no concept 没有思想或观念
Communication diagrams have no concept of the asynchronous message since its focus is not on message ordering. 交互图并不关心异步信息传递，在交互图中没有异步的概念。
4.Which took a fortnight to arrive.
fortnight n.两星期
1）In a fortnight's time I will be home. 两星期后我会在家的。
2）He told me that my new teacher was coming in a fortnight's time.他告诉我我的新老师将在两周后到这儿来。
3）Her daughter's birthday is Monday fortnight. 两星期后的星期一便是她女儿的生日。
4）It's a fortnight to Teachers’Day. 离教师节还有两星期。
5）He asked for leave of a fortnight's holiday 他请了两个星期的休假。
6）I saw him a fortnight ago. 我在两个星期前见过他
7) The play folded within a fortnight. 那话剧演了两个星期就停演了
a fortnight? 前一篇,举报? In Brief Again后一篇：
in a fortnight? 在两周时间内 In a day or two. 在一两天内。
In two weeks from today. 离今天两周的时间内。
a fortnight sailing? 双周班A Friday（Tuesday / Thursday）sailing 周五班
A bi-weekly sailing 周双班
two weeks , fortnight
5. up to 一直到, 等于, 从事于(坏事), 忙于, 胜任, 能做, 适合, 适于
be up to sth = be busy doing sth. 忙于
It is up to sb to do sth 由某人负责做某事
1) He can earn up to $ 60,000 per year他每年可挣六万美元。
2）She lived at home up to / until her parents came back. 他一直住在家里等到他的父母回来。
3）I’m not sure if she is really up to that job. 我不能肯定她是否真的胜任哪项工作。
4）It’s up to her to decide whether or not to go on the course.是否上这门课她自己决定。
6. I’m still trying to adapt to these conditions but, one thing is …
adapt (oneself) to 适应，适合；adapt oneself to … 使自己适应…
1）The new students are very slow to adapt to the rules. 新生对于那些规定适应得很慢。
2） You must adapt to the norms of the society you live in. 在社会中生活就要遵循社会行为准则.
3）Over the years, we all learned to adjust, to become more comfortable with each other, and to adapt to our new family arrangement. 年复一年，我们都学会了调整自己，学会了彼此宽容，学会了适应我们新的家庭规则。
4）You adapt to change quickly. 你很好地适应变化。
5）.Develop enterprise how to adapt new situation 开发企业如何适应新形势
6）He is someone unable to adapt to their circumstances. 他是不能适应他们环境的人。
adapt (oneself) to 的to是介词，后跟名词或动词-ing形式。类似的词组有
be used to? 习惯于?? be related to 与——有关??? lead to? 导致/通向
devote oneself to献身于，投身于? contribute to? 为……作贡献?? access to 接近/进入(某地的)方法? look forward to 盼望 pay attention to注意，集中注意力?? give rise to 引起 be accustomed to 习惯于?? be addicted to 沉溺于
have walked a long way, sometimes up to two hours, to get to the school.
7. one thing is for sure ,I’ve become more imaginative in my teaching
for sure for certain -adv.确实, 毫无疑问；肯定地
1)?He'll come for sure. 他肯定会来的。
2)?That ' s for sure! 这是毫无疑问的！
3)?Let me ask for sure. 我来问问吧。
4)?No sure remedy for a cold 没有包治感冒的灵丹妙药
5)?I don't know for sure. 我不能肯定。
6)?Not sure what's for dinner? 不知道晚饭吃什么?
常用短语：as sure as 和...一样肯定无疑, 千真万确地 [口]每次; 每当, 无例外
be sure of注意, 一定要做到, 使有把握? be sure that 注意, 一定要做到, 使有把握
be /feel sure of oneself 自信; 满怀信心?? I am sure [口]的确, 真的; 一定
for sure 一定要, 必须, 必然, 毫无疑问, 肯定地, 有把握地
make sure务必要做到; 一定要做到 弄明白? not so sure [口]不一定, 没把握
That's for sure. 那是肯定的。to be sure 自然, 固然 当然, 的确, 一定,真的! 一点不假!
1)?I am sure that I put the money in the box. 我肯定把钱放在盒子里了。
2)?Please make sure that the house is locked before you leave. 请你确信是锁上房间后才离开的。
3)?I'm not sure about the practicality of their plan. 我还无法确定他们的那个计划的可行性如何。
4)?We are sure to benefit from the new timetable. 我们肯定会得益于新的作息时间表。
5)?There's sure to be a fuss when the owner of the house finds the window's broken. 房子的主人发现窗子被人打破时准会大吵大闹的。
2. imaginative--adj.想象的; 富于想象力的; 幻想的, 虚构的
1) She is an imaginative child. 她是个想像力丰富的孩子。
2) His imaginative power came into play. 他的想象力开始起了作用。
三． 语法串讲
1、定语从句的作用：修饰名词或代词，即对名词或代词进行限定或补充说明。
先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词
关系词：连接定语从句和主句的引导词，分为关系代词和关系副词。
2、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句：
从形式上看，有逗号就是非限制性定语从句，没有逗号就是限制性定语从句。
从意义上看，也是有区别的，区别在于限定二字上。请分析以下句子:
He has a girlfriend who works abroad.
He has a girlfriend, who works abroad.
He never wears clothes which make him different from others.
He never wears clothes, which makes him different from others.
注意：非限制性定语从句中，不可使用关系代词that
3、关系词的作用
关系词和主句的关系：指代主句中的先行词(被修饰的名词)
关系词和从句的关系：在从句中充当具体句子成分,充当主语时从句谓语与先行词保持一致。
The teacher along with the students is (be) discussing Reading Skills that was (be) newly published in the US.
注意：关系词指代先行词，已经在从句中充当句子成分，不可再用代词重复指代。
4、关系词的选择
关系代词：在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语
人：who \ whom \ that \ whose \ as
物：which \ that \ whose \ as
. 关系副词：在定语从句中充当时间、地点、原因状语
时间：when
地点：where
原因：why (先行词只能是reason)
注意：定语从句的世界里没有what和how！
总结: 从句中缺名词用关系代词；不缺名词用关系副词
关系代词as用于以下两种情形
(1)先行词被such, as many(much)和the same修饰，从句用as引导。
Such books as you bought are useful.
The computer is just the same as I bought 10 days ago.
(2)先行词为整个句子的定语从句用as或which引导。
①意义上：as 含有“正如……一样”；which则表示“这一点，这件事”。
②位置上：as 从句可位于句首，也可在置于句末，还可插于句中；which从句只可置于句末。
He didn’t pass the exam, as/ which we had expected.
He didn’t pass the exam, which we had not expected.
The child stayed out all night, which made his parents very concerned.
The earth, as is known to all, is round.
As is often the case, we may suffer defeat every now and then.
As is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress.
指人时关系词who(m)与that的区别。
(1)当主句是there be句型时，关系词一般用who(m)。
There was someone who had entered the room before the noon.
(2)先行词是anyone, those, someone, everyone, one等词时，关系词用who(m)。
One who falls in love can be a fool.
(3)当主句是who(m)作疑问词时，关系词用that，反之，先行词是that/those时关系词用who(m).
Who is the girl that is standing by the window?
Those who break the law will be punished.
(4)whom在从句中只作宾语，口语中常被who取代。但前面有介词时，只能用whom
Do you know the girl with whom the teacher is talking?
(5) 在非限制性定语从句中，只能用who和whom (逗号后)
She has a son, who works in a foreign language school.
. 定语从句中不能用which作关系代词的几种情况:
(1)当先行词为 all, little, much, few, everything, anything, nothing, none等不定代词时，关系词用that不用which。
I have forgotten everything that he told me this morning.
(2)当先行词有形容词最高级修饰时，关系代词用that，而不用which。
The most beautiful place that I have ever been to is Jiuzhaigou.
(3)当先行词有序数词修饰时，关系代词用that, 而不用which。
This is the first time that we have met.
(4)当先行词被the only, the very, the same, the right, the last等修饰时，关系代词用that,不用which。
American audiences will see the same movie that was shown in Asia.
(5)当先行词被all, every, any, much, little, few, no等修饰时，关系代词用that,而不用which。
All the things that you told me are lies.
(6)当主句是以which, who, what开头的特殊问句时，引导定语从句的关系代词一般用that,而不用which。
Who is the girl (that is) sitting by the lake?
(7)当先行词既有人又有物时，关系代词只能用that。
He was looking pleasantly at the children and parcels that filled his bus.
定语从句中不宜用that的一般情况：
(1) 在非限制性定语从句中 (逗号后)
(2) 在关系词前有介词时 (介词后)
Chan’s restaurant on Baker Street, which used to be poorly run, is now a successful one.
English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of which uses it differently.
5、定从解题技巧
Step1：先判断是否定语从句 (注意：定从的世界里没有what和how)
Step2：优先考虑as和whose，代进去看合不合适
Step3：如果从句缺名词，填关系代词；如果从句不缺名词，填关系副词，只要先行词不是reason, 此时“非时间即地点”——如果先行词不是时间，不管是不是地点，都看做地点。”
四． 话题串讲
（一）话题综述
本单元的话题是Sharing，主要涉及帮助弱者、志愿服务、合作分享等。通过听、说、读、写等各种活动学习相关的语言知识，使学生了解世界上很多地方依然很落后，从而懂得同情，学会分享。了解一些志愿者工作的信息，培养学生互助合作的精神和社会责任感。结合针对短文话题的探讨激发学生的国际意识，通过各种渠道力所能及地为贫困地区的孩子做出自己的贡献。
话题词汇
1.I am glad to do sth
2.make friends with sb
3.I come from… which is..
4.It is one’s honor to do sth
5.Introduce sth/sb to sb
6.what’s more
7.let me tell you something about…
8.be good at doing sth
9.enjoy doing sth
10.I ’d like to participate in...
11.offer one’s help to sb
12. try one’s best to do sth
13.donate sth to sb
14.devote oneself to
话题句型?
An increasing number of cases are being reported every day.
it’s thought that H1N1 flu spreads in the same way that regular seasonal influenza viruses do, that is, spreading from person-to-person, mainly through the coughs and sneezes of people who are sick with the virus。
Faced with this severe disease, here are some everyday measures we should take to stay healthy.
So, don’t be nervous and just keep calm as usual.
When it was time for the volunteers to leave, the elderly people thanked them for their kindness.
They said it was such a beautiful day that they would remember it forever.
What they did has brought joy to other people and enriched their own lives.
（四）话题典例
某英语周报近期开设了“三月学雷锋”人物专栏，并号召各学校推荐先进人物事迹。请你以王平的身份给报社编辑写一封信，介绍你姐姐王静的一些情况，书信中需包含以下要点：
1. 姐姐去年到偏僻的乡村担任了志愿教师。
2. 介绍姐姐的工作环境和工作内容。
3. 姐姐对志愿工作的看法。
4. 我的观点。
【参考范文】
Dear editor,
I am writing to introduce my sister Wang Jing, who participated in a voluntary activity and went to a remote village as a volunteer teacher last year.It is a poor village which is suffering from shortages of electricity and water. Most children have to walk a long way to school, and many of them have no textbooks. It is difficult for my sister to teach the students because she can’t understand the local dialect.My sister sometimes feels tired. However, she still believes she is making great difference to her students’ lives. She has donated all to help those children in need, regarding this voluntary work as a privilege, not a burden.I am so proud of her and given opportunities, I am willing to follow her example and help others out. I hope my introduction will meet with your requirements. It would be great if more people have the chance to know my sister and join in voluntary activities.
Yours sincerely,
Wang Ping
1
Unit?4?Sharing
基础强化练
一． 单词拼写
1. “This kind of cloth feels _____________.” She said ____________.(soft)
2. They encouraged the ___________ to _________ in the singing performances after the contest. (participate).
3. The company was in deep _________ difficulties because no other company _________ its new project and ________ for its operation came from a bank loan.(finance)
4. __________ are used for pulling vehicles or carrying things and a hard-working person is often compared to an ____________.(ox)
5. The weather becomes _______________ and _____________ and so she often ________ her hair with a towel instead of using a hairdryer to make her hair ______________.( dry)
6. They _______________ their products over New York by trucks and the ________ took them a long time.(distribute)
7. The doctors are ____________ on an _________ of a factory who got injured when __________ a machine, and the ___________ is said to last over one hour. ( operate)
8. The school-bus was __________ to them by a motor company and they received _______ from other companies as well.(donate)
9. I’ll be in charge of ________ the conference. Would you please give me some suggestions on the ________ for it?(arrange)
10. The desks and chairs are _________ , and you can ____________ them to the height of the students. The _________ is not difficult to make.( adjust)
二． 单项选择
1．Deeds are better than words when people are in need help.
2．Bill Gates made a generous donation for the charity.
3．Yesterday there was a sports meeting in our school with hundreds of students participating.
4．He is being operated by some experienced doctors and nurses.
5．Whether you go or not makes no differences.
6．It took us some time to adjust the dark cave.
7．I'll arrange a car to meet you at the airport.
8．It is no need for us to wish for the things that don't belong to us.
三． 词汇串写
Helping the Remote Village
A year ago, the famous _ . (宇航员) received an invitation by . (航空邮件)from a . (偏远的) village. Intending to . (呼吸) some fresh air, he and his . (翻译) paid a . (两周) visit there. It was a . (特权) for them to be there, but they were shocked by what they saw. The tracks were . (泥泞). The river was . (干枯). Most villagers only possessed one . (扫帚), a few . (瓶罐) and several jars and their . (矩形) grass huts with round . (角) were surrounded by . (杂草). Besides, their school had no . (屋顶) and . (讲台), and the students had no . (概念) of . (点击) a computer at all. They were badly . (急需).
Soon, the astronaut made a generous . (自愿捐赠) to the village. There were . (教科书)for students, . (缝纫机)for . (裁缝) and . (拖拉机) for farmers. His . (分配目录) also included . (运作) a . (诊所) and a . (箱) library, as well as giving . (每周的)lessons to teach . (有关的) farming knowledge like how to . (使种子干) or raise . (牛). He himself not only helped do some . (文书工作) but also . (购买烤架) for boys to . (烤)potatoes and . (梳子) for girls who . (渴望) get one. . (前几天) , he heard from the villagers again inviting him to . (参加) the donation . (周年). For . (政治)and . (安全)reasons, he couldn’t . (调整)his outgoing . (安排) . (否则) he would go. But his deeds were remembered forever.
四． 语法强化
(一）用合适的关系代词或副词填空。
(1)The reason ______ he didn't come to school yesterday is that he was ill.
(2)The baby ______ trousers is red is Jack.
(3)The woman ______ can speak Russian got the job.
(4)The woman______we saw on the street got the job.
(5)Can you lend me the book about ______ you talked last night?
(6)Is this the library from ______ you borrow books?
(7)I've read all the books ______ are not mine.
(8)I am sure she has something ______ you can borrow.
(9)The reason______ the accident happened is still unknown.
(10)He will have to put off his concert until next month，______ he finishes his travel around the world.
（二）单项选择
1.This is one of the best films _______.
A. that have been shown this year B. that have shown
C. that has been shown this year D. that you talked
2.Can you lend me the book ______the other day?
A. about which you talked B. which you talked
C. about that you talked D. that you talked
3.The pen ______he is writing is mine.
A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which
4.It there anyone in your class ______family is in the country?
A. who B. who's C. which D. whose
5. I'm interested in ______you have said.
A. all that B. all what C. that D. which
6.I want to use the same dictionary ______was used yesterday.
A. which B. who C. what D. as
7.He isn't such a man ______he used to be.
A. who B. whom C. that D. as
8.He talked a lot about things and persons ________they remembered in the school.
A. which B. that C. whom D. what
9.You're the only person ______I've ever met ______could do it.
A. who;/ B./; whom C. whom;/ D./; who
10.The way ______he looks at problems is wrong.
A. which B. whose C. what D./
11.This is the reason ______he didn't come to the meeting.
A. in which B. with which C. that D. for which
12.The reason ______he didn't come was ______he was ill.
A. why; that B.that; why C. for that; that D.for which; what
13. --- Did you ask the guard _______ happened?
--- Yes, he told me all _______ he knew.
A. what; that B. what; what C. which; which D. that; that
14. Is oxygen the only gas _______ helps fire burn?
A. that B. / C. which D. it
15. Is _______ some German friends visited last week?
A. this school B. this the school C. this school one D. this school where
答案：
单词拼写：
1.soft; softly 2. participants; participate 3.finacial; finance; the finance 4.oxen; ox 5.drier; drier;dries 6.distributed, distribution 7.operating, operation, operated, operation 8.donated, donations 9.arranging, arrangement 10.adjusted, adjust,adjustment
二．单项选择
1．need后加of
2．for→to
3．participating后加in
4．operated后加on
5．differences→difference
6．adjust后加to
7．arrange后加for
8．It→There
三． 词汇串写
（加粗划线之处为答案）
援助山村
一年前，那位著名的宇航员收到一份由一个偏远村庄通过航空邮件寄来的邀请。因为想要呼吸一下新鲜空气，他和翻译到那儿做了一次两周的访问。当地之行使他们倍感荣幸，但却震惊于所见所闻。泥泞的道路、河流干枯，大部分的村民拥有的财产只不过是一只扫帚、几个瓶瓶罐罐而已，圆角的矩形草屋四周长满了杂草，学校也没有屋顶和讲台，学生们更对点击操作电脑毫无概念。他们生活确实相当困难。
很快，宇航员就向村庄做了慷慨的自愿捐赠。捐赠品中有给学生的课本，给裁缝的缝纫机，还有给农民的拖拉机。捐赠金的分配目录中还包括一间诊所和一间书箱图书馆的运作，并有传授像怎么使种子干透，或者怎么养牛这种相关农业知识的每周课程。他自己不仅亲自帮助做一些文书工作，还给男孩子们购买了烤马铃薯的烤架、给渴望得到梳子的女孩子们买了梳子。前几天，他又收到了村民们邀请他参加捐赠周年会的来信。出于政治和安全原因，他无法调整外出时间安排，否则他就会去了。不过他所做的一切村民们都永远记得。
四．语法强化
(1)why (2)whose (3)who (4)whom (5)which (6)which (7)that (8)that (9)why (10)when
1-5 ACADA 6-10 DDBDD 11-15 DAAAB
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