人教版八年级下册英语课件Unit 8 Have you read Treasure Island yet?现在完成时(共32张PPT)

(共32张PPT)
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现在完成时
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现在完成时的构成
现在完成时的主要用法
现在完成时的时间状语
短暂性动词与时间段的关系
have been 与have gone 比较
与一般过去时的用法比较
现在完成时的构成
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have (has）+ 过去分词
present(now)
future
past
现在完成时
( present perfect tense)
do my homework
Mother: John, clean your teeth please.
John: Mum, I have already(已经) cleaned them.
现在完成时的基本句型：
肯定式：主语 + 助动词have/has + 动词的过去分词.
疑问式：助动词Have/Has + 主语 + 动词的过去分词
否定式: 主语 + 助动词have/has + not + 动词的过去分词.
举例子 课文
一、动词过去式和过去分词的变化相同
规则变化：
1. 一般在动词词尾直接加ed。
pick → picked → picked;
wish → wished → wished;
stay → stayed → stayed
2. 以不发音的e结尾的动词后面加d。
like → liked → liked;
hope → hoped → hoped;
现在完成时
3. 以“辅音字母 + y”结尾的动词，变y为i，再加-ed。如：
study → studied → studied;
hurry → hurried → hurried;
reply → replied → replied
4. 词尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节动词，要双写辅音字母，再加-ed。
如：
stop → stopped → stopped
clap → clapped → clapped 拍手
现在完成时
不规则变化：
5. 以不变应万变。AAA 格式
let → let → let
put → put → put
read → read → read
6. ABB 格式
feel → felt → felt
keep → kept → kept
sleep → slept → slept
现在完成时
7. ABA 格式
come → came → come
become → became → become
8. ABC 格式
bear → bore → born
break → broke → broken
grow → grew → grown
AAB 格式
beat → beat → beaten
现在完成时
现在完成时的主要用法
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-- It’s so dark.
--Someone has turned off the light.
(有人刚把灯关了,对现在造成的结果是:现在很黑)
-- Are you free
--I have finished my homework. I am free
(我已经完成了家庭作业,对现在造成的结果是很有空)
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1.表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
have lunch
I’m not hungry now
have lost the key
I can’t get in
now
past
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I have learnt English for more than
ten years.我已经学了10多年的英语。
(从10年前开始,持续到现在还在学)
She has swum since half an hour ago.
我已经游泳了半个小时
(半个小时前已经开始游泳,到现在还在游)
现在完成时的主要用法
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2.表示过去已经开始, 持续到现在的动作或状态.常与since + 过去的时间点，for + 一段时间，so far 等时间状语连用。
1.for +
Eg. I have been here for 5 weeks.
He’s studied English for 3 years.
一段时间
2. since +
从句(一般过去时)


单词
词组
(表示过去某一时间的)时间点
Eg. I have been here since 2018.
I have been here since 5 years ago.
I have been here since I graduated in 2018.
现在完成时的运用(1):
1．在表示“用法1”时，现在完成时常和副词already, yet, never, ever ,before ,just等连用。.
a）already 往往用于肯定句，用在疑问句时表示强 调或加强语气；yet 用于否定句和疑问句。
He has already left here.
他已经离开这里了。
Has he already left here
他（真的）已经离开这里了吗？（表示加强语气）
My teachers haven’t had breakfast yet.
我的老师们还没有吃早饭。
Have you written to your parents yet
你已经给你父母写过信了吗？
2. yet在现在完成时中的用法
否定句:句末 “还(没)”
疑问句: 句末 “己经”
Eg. I haven’t had breakfast yet.
Have you had breakfast yet
b） never 是否定词，表示“从来没有”，而ever 表示“曾经”
We have never been to the Great Wall.
我们从来没有去过长城。
Have you ever been to Canada
你们曾经去过加拿大吗？
c） just表示“刚刚”（用于完成时态时，与already，never 等副词的位置一样，多用在助动词have/has和动词过去分词之间）
He has just come back.
他刚刚回来。
They have just finished the work.
他们刚刚完成那项工作。
现在完成时的时间状语
◆常与①already, ②never,
③ever, ④just,
⑤yet, ⑥before,
⑦up to now, ⑧so far,
⑨for the last few weeks
⑩these days,
⑾since
⑿for a long time
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※短暂性动词与延续动词间的转换
短暂性动词与时间段的关系
●短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中不能与时间段连用，这些动词是：①become,
②begin, ③buy, ④borrow,
⑤come (go, arrive), ⑥die,
⑦finish, ⑧join, ⑨ leave, 等。
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●为了表述这种意思,我们常用相应的延续性动词 来代替短暂性动词。
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leave--
come/go (to) --
arrive (at/in)--
get (to)--
reach--
buy--
borrow--
finish--
join--
start/begin--
die--
close--
open--
return--
marry--
become--
be away (from)
be (in/at)
be (in/at)
be (in/at)
be (in/at)
have
keep
be over
be in/be a/an…
be on
be dead
be closed
be open
be back
be married
be
have been 与have gone 的用法比较
have been to 意思是“到过，去过”，表示曾经到过某处，但现在人不在那儿。
have gone to 意思是“去了”，表示已经去了某地，现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了。
have been in 意思是“呆在某处一段时间了”
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( )
—Do you know the movie Lost in
Thailand
—Yes. I ______ it twice. It’s funny.
A. saw B. see C. have seen D. will see
C
中考链接
( )
—Lunch
—No, thanks. I__________.
A. will eat B. am eating C. have eaten
( )
—Where is Tom We can’t find
him anywhere.
— Perhaps he _____ home.
A. has come B. is going
C. went D. was going
C
A
( ) I _____ scared of dogs ever since a dog hurt me when I was five years old.
A. will be B. was
C. have been D. would be
( ) －Ben and Sue aren’t home, are they
－No. They _____ to London on business.
A. have gone B. go
C. have been D. will go
C
A
( ) — Dave, we will leave in 10 minutes. Are you ready
— No, I ______ our guide book and towels yet. A. don't pack B. didn't pack
C. have packed D. haven't packed
D
( ) —Why is Mr. Yang still in the teachers’ office
—Maybe he ______ his work yet.
A. doesn’t finish B. hasn’t finished
C. haven’t finished
B
翻译下列句子：
1. 你曾经吃过鱼和薯条吗？
2. 我刚刚丢了我的语文书。
3. 我以前从来没去过那个公园。
4. 他已经吃过午饭了。
5. 你已经看过这部电影了吗？
6. 我哥哥还没回来。
7. 我自从上星期看过这部电影。
8. 自从1992年他住在这里。
9.这本字典我已买了三年了。
10.他离开中国三年了
1.Have you eatten fish and french frise
2.I have lost my Chinese book.
3 I have never been to that park.
4.He has already had lunch.
5 Have you seen this movie yet
6 My brother has not returned.
7 I have seen this movie since last week.
8 He has lived here since 1992.
9 I have had this dictionary for three years.
10 He has been away China for three years.
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