中考英语专题复习：主谓一致 课件（35张PPT无素材）

课件35张PPT。Subject-Verb Agreement
主谓一致Warming UpWe all know that one of the world’s most popular sports _____ (be)
football.
2. There ______ (be) a number of books in the library and the number of them _______ (be) increasing(增长).
3. Doing eye exercises______ (be) is good for our eyes.
4. There ______ (be) a lot of sheep and pigs on my uncle’s farm now.
5. Everyone except Tom and John ______ (be) there when the meeting began. is are is isare is难度升级6. Each boy and each girl ______ (be) given a new book.
7. The captain (队长), as well as the other players, ______ (be) tired.
8. Neither of the girls ______ (be) pretty.
9. Three years _______ (be) a long time.
10. The police _______ (be) helping a girl find her mother. is is is/are is are目录 CONTENTS选讲部分定义原则定义第一部分 在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和
主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就叫主谓一致。
这一点看似简单，但在实际运用中却常常遇到麻烦。
一般情况下，主谓之间的一致关系由以下三个原则的
支配： 语法一致原则、 意义一致原则和就近原则。
原则第二部分主谓一致原则STEP 01语法一致原则STEP 02意义一致原则STEP 03就近原则一、语法一致原则主谓一致的原则是指
主语和谓语从语法形式上取得一致
主语是单数形式，谓语也采取单数形式；
主语是复数形式，谓语亦采取复数形式。? Mr Black is a well- known scientist.
The twins have found their mothers.例1 ：Reading in the sun ______(be) bad for your eyes.
解析：动名词短语作主语时谓语动词一般用单数形式。
例2：Whether?they?would?support?us?_______(be)?a?problem.
解析：从句作主语时谓语动词一般用单数形式。
例3：To learn English well ______(be) useful for us.
解析：动词不定式短语作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式.isisis例4：The writer and artist _________(prepare) a report in his room
now.
解析：由连接词and或both … and连接起来的合成主语后面，要用
复数形式的谓语动词。?但若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物
时，它后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式.
例5：Every student and every teacher __________ in the room when
the bell rang. (study)
例6：Each of us _______ a new book. (have)
解析：由each, each…, each.. .and each…, every…,
every…and every…作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。?prepares studies has例7：Nobody but Jim and Mike______ on the playground yesterday.
(play)
例8：The captain, as well as the other players, _______ (be) tired.
例9： Many developed countries including Canada _________(have)
mastered this skill.
例10：Lynn besides her friends _________(like) singing very much.
例11：The fruit like apples ________(be) good for our health.
解析：主语为单数名词或代词，尽管后面跟有with， together with，
except， but， like， as well as， rather than， more than，
no less than， besides， including等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用
单数形式；若主语为复数，谓语用复数形式。 plays is have likes is例12：That piece of music sounds quite familiar. Who _________
the piano upstairs? （play）
解析：特殊疑问词作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。
例13 Neither of the two brothers _________(live) with their parents.
例14 None of the answers ________(be) right.
解析 either, each, every 或no +单数名词，都作单数看待。Neither of
加可数名词复数作主语时，谓语动词单复数都可以。
?若none of后面的名词是不可数名词，它的谓语动词就要用单数；
若它后面的名词是复数，它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。 is playing lives/live is/are例15: One-third of the country ____ covered with trees and the majority of the citizens ____ black people. (be )
例16：Over 80 percent of the population of China ____ peasants.
例17：The rest of the speech _______ wonderful. (be)
解析：由“a lot of， lots of， plenty of， the rest of + 名词”构成的
短语以及由“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语作主语，
其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。
例18：The number of people invited _____ fifty, but a number of
them ____ absent for different reasons.
解析：a number of“许多”，作定语修饰复数名词，谓语用复数；
the number of“……的数量”，主语是number，谓语用单数。 isare is is was were例19 This pair of shoes ________(look) beautiful. Can I try _____ on?
例20：Fifteen kinds of shoes ________(be) on sale in this fair.
解析： 由“a pair (a kind, a series…) + of + 复数名词”作主语时，
谓语动词用单数形式； “pairs (kinds,…) + of + 复数名词”作主语时，
谓语动词用复数形式；
例21： My gloves _______(be) worn out.
解析 某些只有复数形式的名词（如：clothes, trousers, shorts, pants,
shoes, gloves…）作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 looks themareare意义一致就是谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致
（因有时主语形式为单数，但意义为复数；
有时形式为复数，但意义为单数）。 二、意义一致原则1)Three months has passed since you left.
2) The old are very well taken care of in our city.例22：His family ______ poor, so he has to study by himself. (be)
My family ______going on a trip next summer. (be)
解析：集体名词作主语时，谓语动词的数取决于主语的意义：
主语表示整体时视为单数，谓语动词用单数；
主语表示集体中的个体成员时视为复数，谓语动词用复数。
这类集体名词常见的有：army, class, club, crowd, family,
government, group, police, public, team等。 is are例23：The police ____________(search) for the rubbers these days.
例24：Lots of furniture _______ for sale. (be)
例25：Our warm clothing _______(help) us against the cold.
解析：集体名词people, police, cattle(牲口，家畜) poultry（家禽）等
作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；但clothing, traffic, furniture 等无
生命的集合名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 are is is例26. Thirty minutes ________ enough for the work. (be)
解析：表示“时间、重量、长度、价值”等的名词的复数作主语时，
谓语动词通常用单数形式，这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个
整体。
例27. The Arabian Nights (天方夜谭) _______(be) an interesting
story-book.例28：His Selected Poems _______(be) first published in 1965.
例29：Himalayas _________(be) the highest mountain in the world.
例30：James ______ (be) an honest boy.
解析：若英语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名、人名、
山脉、湖泊名称等的复数形式，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。 is is was is is 例31：One and a half apples ________(be) left on the table.
Half of the fruit ______(be) not ripe.
Half of the apples _______(be) red. 解析：表数量的短语“one and a half”后接复数名词作主语时，
其谓语动词可用单数，形式Half of +名词作主语时，谓语动词的
形式取决于名词。 is is are例32. Fifty-six divided by eight _________(be) seven.
解析：算式中加法(and)和乘法(times)可用单数也可用复数，
但减法(minus)和除法(divide by)其谓语动词必须采用单数形式。
例33：I think politics ______(be) much more interesting than maths.
解析：一些学科名词是以 –ics 结尾，如：mathematics， politics，
physics 以及news等，都属于形式上是复数的名词，实际
意义为单数名词，它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。 is is 例34. The rich ____ not always happy.（be）
解析：“定冠词the + 形容词/分词”，表示某一类人时，动词用复数。
例35：The Smiths _______ going to have a picnic this weekend. (be )
解析： “the + 姓的复数” 表示一家人或夫妇二人， 谓语动词用复数。
are are三，就近原则There is a pen, a few pencils and some paper for you.
Neither his parents nor he is a bank clerk.
Not only you but also your brother has passed the exam.?? 在英语句子中，有时谓语动词与最近的主语保持一致。 ?例36. ________ neither he nor they wholly right？(be)解析：当两个主语由either…or， neither…nor， not only… but also
连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。
例37. Between the two buildings _________ a big tree. (be)
例38：Here ____ a pen, a few pencils and some paper for you.
解析： 倒装句中的be动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由
and连接的两个主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。Is is is 例39：One day or two _____ enough to see the city. (be)
例40：One or two days _______ enough to see the city. (be)
解析：one or two 可接名词复数，谓语用复数.
但在 “a/ an+可数名词单数+two” 的结构之后，谓语用单数。 are is选讲第三部分Someone _____ (have) parked the car in the way.
No one ______ (be) actually able to complete the work in such a short time. has is 解析：不定代词either, neither, each, one, the other, someone, somebody, something, anyone, anybody, anything, everyone, everybody, everything, nobody, no one, nothing 等作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。2. I keep only one apple and the other two ______ (be) yours.
Five people came to help, but another three _____ (be) still needed. are were解析：the other +基数词（可数名词复数），another+基数词（可数名词复数）等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。3. All _____ (laugh) loudly except the teacher.
All _____ (be) going on very well. laugh is解析：all 作主语，指人或可数的物时，谓语动词用复数。如果指代的为不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数。4. They each _____ (win) a prize, so they are very happy. win解析：each 或由each 修饰的名词作主语时，谓语用单数。注意：each 位于复数主语后作同位语时，谓语动词与主语保持一致。5. Such ____ (be) Stephen Hawking, who has suffered(遭受) a serious disease(疾病) but achieved so much.
Such _____ (be) the difficulties that we are now faced with. is are解析：such be结构中，be 动词的单复数形式由其后面的名词而定。6.The poor _____ (be) part of the people we help.
The old ______ (be) more likely to catch cold than the young.
The new ______ (be) sure to replace the old.
The beautiful ______ (go) with the true and the good. are are is is解析：有些形容词加上the (如 the old, the blind, the dead, the rich, the poor, the young, the deaf等)用来表示一类人时，谓语用复数；表示抽象概念时，谓语用单数。?7. 特殊量词修饰普通名词作主语。
由像 pile (堆)， mountain(大堆)， row(排)， mass(很多)，packet(小包) 等作单位词修饰的短语作主语，谓语动词根据这些修饰语的单复数形式而定。?A row of willows(柳树) _______ (be) lined on one side of the river.
Masses of work _______ (be) to be done to celebrate the New Year.
A packet of letters _________ (need) mailing. is are needs 8. Quantities (大量的) of money ______ (be) needed to build the
school.
A quantity of story books _______ (have) been bought for the
children.
解析：a quantity of, quantities of 作主语或其修饰的名词作主语，其谓语动词应根据quantity的单复数形式而定。 are has9. More than one person _____ (be) injured in the accident.
More than one way _____ (have) been tried to stop the pollution.
More members than one ______ (be) against the idea.
解析： more than one +可数名词单数作主语时，谓语动词用单数。more +可数名词复数时，谓语动词用复数。 was has are10. It is reported that in this area one in four people _____ (have)
lung cancer.
解析： one in +基数词…作主语，谓语动词用单数。 has11. He is one of my friends who _______ working hard.
He is the only one of my friends who _______ working hard.
解析：在定语从句时，关系代词that， who， which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。 are is12. 当表示地点的介词词组(如on the wall, under the tree, in front of the house, in the middle of the room等)在句首时,谓语与后面的主语保持一致。 At the foot of the hill lies a beautiful lake. East of the lake lie two towns. Under the tree was lying a wounded soldier. Near the trees ________ cottage.　A. was such an old　 B. were such an old 　C. was such old a　 D. were such old a Thanks for your listening.