2020年高考英语冲刺模拟试卷 (三）原卷版
第I卷
第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Panama City, Panama
For beach vacations that get you out of town and invite you and your family to dive into culture, consider a trip to Panama City. Here, you will enjoy beaches and city exploring. Book your stay at the Westin Playa Bonita, where you can book a room starting at $222 a night. There are various programs, including beach Olympics, stargazing (观星)and Spanish lessons.
Jupiter, Florida
This place offers you quality time you can spend with your loved ones. Book your stay at Jupiter Beach Resort & Spa, with rates for a family of four starting at $207 a night. Here, you can shoot baskets at the basketball courts, take a dip in the pool or teach your children beach yoga.
San Diego, California
The West Coast is a great spot for cheap beach vacations, so tell your family to pack their bags for a visit to San Diego. A cheap $10 Uber ride from the airport will have you pulling up the Kona Kai Resort & Spa. Here, a family of four can stay in a Deluxe Guest Room starting at $159 per night. Your kids can practice cannonballs at the pool after a visit to the worldfamous San Diego Zoo.
Kihei Maui, Hawaii
For West Coasters who are growing bored with their backyard, fly to the islands of Hawaii. Stay at the Aston at the Maui Banyan, with a charge of $179 a night for a family of four. Here, you'll witness some of the best sunsets of your life while your kids splash (戏水) in the Pacific. And if you're set on cooking a fancy meal, you'll enjoy suites that come with a full kitchen.
21．Which of the following charges you least a night?
A．The Aston at the Maui Banyan.
B．The Westin Playa Bonita.
C．The Kona Kai Resort & Spa.
D．Jupiter Beach Resort & Spa.
22．What can you do at the Aston at the Maui Banyan?
A．Admire beautiful sunsets.
B．Visit a worldfamous zoo.
C．Observe fantastic stars.
D．Play some beach sports.
23．What is the common feature of the four destinations?
A．They all offer rooms with a full kitchen.
B．They are all intended for family trips.
C．They all pick up visitors from the airport.
D．They all provide bike riding on the beach.
B
At the age of 14, James Harrison had a major chest operation and he required 13 units （3.4 gallons) of blood afterwards. The blood donations saved his life, and he decided that once he turned 18, he would begin donating blood as regularly as he could.
More than 60 years and almost 1,200 donations later, Harrison, whose blood contains an antibody（抗体) that has saved the lives of 2.4 million babies from miscarriages （流产), retired as a blood donor on May 11. Harrison’s blood is valuable because he naturally produces Rh-negative blood, which contains Rh-positive antibodies. His blood has been used to create anti-D in Australia since 1967.
“Every bottle of anti-D ever made in Australia has James in it,” Robyn Barlow, the Rh program director told the Sydney Morning Herald. “It’s an amazing thing. He has saved millions of babies. I cry just thinking about it.” Since then, Harrison has donated between 500 and 800 milliliters of blood almost every week. He’s made 1,162 donations from his right arm and 10 from his left.
“I’d keep going if they let me,” Harrison told the Herald. His doctors said it was time to stop the donations — and they certainly don’t take them lightly. They had already extended the age limit for blood donations for him, and they’re cutting him off now to protect his health. He made his final donation surrounded by some of the mothers and babies who his blood helped save.
Harrison’s retirement is a blow to the Rh treatment program in Australia. Only 160 donors support the program, and finding new donors has proven to be difficult. But Harrison’s retirement from giving blood doesn’t mean he’s completely out of the game. Scientists are collecting and cataloging his DNA to create a library of antibodies and white blood cells that could be the future of the anti-D program in Australia.
24. What do we know about James Harrison?
A. He saved 2.4 million poor people. B. He is to retire as a blood donor.
C. He is a very grateful blood donor. D. He donates blood nearly every day.
25. What is the author’s purpose of writing Paragraph 4?
A. To state Harrison’s decision to continue donating blood.
B. To describe how Harrison’s donations come to an end.
C. To introduce some babies saved by Harrison’s blood.
D. To praise Harrison for his cooperation with the doctors.
26. What can we infer from the passage about Harrison?
A. After his retirement, the Rh program will fail.
B. New donors are easy to find in a short time.
C. He continues to contribute to the Rh program.
D. His DNA is kept in a library for future study.
27. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A. A Unique Man with a Rare Blood Type B. The Blood Saving Millions of Babies
C. A Special Blood producer D. The Man with the Golden Arm
C
Scientists say they've developed a system using machine learning to predict when and where lighting will strike. The research was led by engineers from the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne, Switzerland.
European researchers have estimated that between 6,000 and 24,000 people are killed by lightning worldwide each year. The strikes can also cause power outages, destroy property, damage electrical equipment and start forest fires. For these reasons, climate scientists have long sought to develop methods to predict and control lightning. In the United States and other places, ground-based sensing devices are used to identify strikes as they happen. But, no system has been created to effectively predict lightning.
The system tested in the experiments used a combination of data from weather stations and machine learning methods. The researchers developed a prediction model that was trained to recognize weather conditions that were likely to cause lightning.
The model was created with data collected over a 12-year period from 12 Swiss weather stations in cities and mountain areas. The data related to four main surface conditions: air pressure, air temperature, relative humidity and wind speed.
The atmospheric data was placed into a machine learning algorithm（算法）, which compared it to records of lightning strikes. Researchers say the algorithm was then able to learn the conditions under which lightning happens.
Amirhossein Mostajabi is a PhD student at the institute who led the development of the method. He said, “current systems for gathering such data are slow and complex and require costly collection equipment like radar or satellites.”
“Our method uses data that can be obtained from any weather station,” Mostajabi said. “This will improve data collection in very remote areas not covered by radar and satellite or in places where communication systems have been cut,” be added.
The researchers plan to keep developing the technology in partnership with a European effort that aims to create a lightning protection system. The effort is called the European Laser Lightning Rod project.
28. Why have climate scientists tried to predict and control lighting?
A. To collect relative data.
B. To reduce the destruction lightning has been causing.
C. To create a scientific system.
D. To do research in relation to machine learning.
29. The four mentioned surface conditions include all the following EXCEPT ________.
A. air pollution B. wind speed
C. relative humidity D. air temperature
30. What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 5 refer to?
A. lighting. B. the system being tested.
C. the atmospheric data. D. the machine learning algorithm.
31. What can we learn about Mostajabi from the passage?
A. He developed the method and the system himself.
B. He thinks the current systems are too slow and simple.
C. He is a professor at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology.
D. He believes their system does much better in data collection.
D
Hearing loss is unavoidable, but listening to loud music when you’ re younger can make it worse. To reduce your risk of hearing loss via loud music, learn why and how it can cause hearing loss, and just how loud is too loud.
Hearing loss occurs in four ways: conductive hearing loss, sensorneural hearing loss, mixed hearing loss and auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder. Noise-induced(噪音诱发的)hearing loss is a type of sensorneural hearing loss.
Sensorneural hearing loss occurs when your inner ear becomes damaged. In the case of noise induced hearing loss, most of the damage affects the cells of tiny sensory hairs in your inner ear.
When those cells get damaged or die, the electrical signal that your auditory nerve sends to your brain changes.
Noise-induced hearing loss can be acute or severe, and it can be temporary or permanent. You might be familiar with acute temporary noise-induced hearing loss, even if you didn’t realize what was happening at the time.
Acute temporary noise-induced hearing loss can occur from attending a loud concert or sporting event, going to a gun range without earmuffs or being near an explosion. It can make noises sound “stuffy” or far away, especially when talking on the phone or in a crowded room. Repeated exposure to those loud situations can eventually lead to permanent hearing loss.
Noise levels from earbuds and headphones can get as loud as 139 decibels, according to the journal Noise &Health, far greater than the recommended range of everyday sound exposure, which is 60 to 85 decibels. And the average level of noise from headphones, with the volume turned all the way up, is 94 to 110 decibels. For context, 60 decibels is about the volume of an average conversation, and 130 decibels is about the noise level of a rock concert. 85 decibels is considered the maxi- mum volume at which you can listen to sound for eight hours without damaging your hearing. So if you were to listen to music from your headphones for eight hours a day, listening at a volume louder than 85 decibels can cause permanent damage to your ears.
Unfortunately, the relationship between decibels and time isn’t linear. For every three decibels, safe exposure time gets cut in half, according to the CDC. At 88 decibels, you can only safely listen for four hours; at 91 decibels, just two hours.
32. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph One refer to?
A. Hearing loss. B. Listening to loud music. C. Risk. D. Loud music.
33. In which of the following situations is acute temporary noise-induced hearing loss more likely to occur?
A. Attending a rock concert. B. Participating in a heated debate.
C. Going to a gun range with earmuffs. D. Watching an explosion at a distance.
34. In terms of safe exposure, how long can you listen at 97 decibels?
A. A quarter. B. Half an hour. C. One hour. D. One and a half hours.
35. Which of the following can be the best title of this passage?
A. Loud Music Damages Hearing B. How to Prevent Hearing Loss
C. How Loud Is Too Loud D. Music and Hearing
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
We know that choosing a college major can be very hard. But have no fear! Your choice of major will not lock you into a specific career for the rest of your life. Here's what you need to know about college majors before you commit.
What is a major?
___36___Beyond general college requirements， you'll also take a group of courses in a subject of your choosing such as Chemistry， Literature， or Political Science.
How important is my major?
The major you choose will neither predict nor guarantee your future. Many graduates find jobs that have nothing to do with what they studied in college. If you intend to earn a professional degree after college， you will probably need certain courses. ___37___
When do I declare a major?
This varies widely across schools and programs._____38_____Others require that you declare upon a major by the time that you set foot inside your first class.
___39___
Definitely. One of the most exciting aspects of college life is that it introduces you to new subjects and arouses new passions. However， keep this in mind. Every major has necessary coursework. If you change your major late in the game， it may take more than the traditional four years to earn a degree.
What are minors and double majors?
If one field of study doesn’t satisfy your intellectual appetite， consider a minor. A minor is similar to a major in that it’s an area of academic concentration.___40___A double major provides you with an understanding of two academic fields. It allows you to become familiar with two sets of values and views while it also requires you to fulfill two sets of requirements.
A. Can I change my mind?
B. Is my major time-consuming?
C. It's your specialized area of study in college.
D. Most students find one major is more than enough.
E. Some schools may give you one year or more to decide.
F. But many future doctors major in non-science related fields.
G. The only difference is that it doesn’t require as many classes.
第二部分 语言知识及应用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从21~40各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
There are times when we feel as if our bad circumstances will never change. When we meet troubles or problems in our lives, we are ___41___ for a sign that tells us everything will be ___42___and get better.
When in this mindset(心态), I think back to a ___43___I once heard about a family having dinner at a Chinese restaurant. At the end of the meal, everyone ___44___ their fortune cookie and read their messages out loud. ___45___ ,the youngest child did not, she went to get another fortune cookie. This ___46___ several times before the mom___47___ her and asked, “What are you doing? “The___48___child responded, “I am looking for a cookie with the___49___fortune for me. “The mom said, “There is only one thing you need to ___50___and it’s not in a fortune cookie. That is where there is a will there’s a way. “
When___51___ are not going our way, we may___52___ the “right fortune”. We seek the hope for our___53___ so that it will be better than the present. Once the Israelis were expelled(驱逐)in a foreign country against their ___54___. At that time, everything was ___55___for them, but they didn’t lose hope;instead,they___56___to their new environment positively. Years later they returned to their homeland as they had ___57___
In life we need to ___58___ action and hope and believe that ___59___is impossible to a willing mind. It does___60___that good things do come out of bad and difficult situations.
41. A. ready B. grateful C. responsible D. desperate
42. A. settled B. hidden C. defeated D. gone
43. A. message B. story C. problem D. case
44. A. ate B. tasted C. touched D. opened
45. A. Anyhow B. However C. Otherwise D. Therefore
46. A. changed B. ran C. happened D. showed
47. A. protected B. kept C. stopped D. forbade
48. A. little B. foolish C. anxious D. shy
49. A. good B. bad C. wrong D. right
50. A. doubt B. guess C. know D. hope
51. A. memories B. things C. questions D. chances
52. A. search for B. make up C. take out D. wrestle with
53. A. family B. work C. business D. future
54. A. spirit B. heart C. will D. mind
55. A. easy B. difficult C. common D. special
56. A. adjusted B. turned C. stuck D. agreed
57. A. left B. expected C. talked D. remembered
58. A. fetch B. catch C. bring D. take
59. A. something B. everything C. nothing D. anything
60. A. prove B. tell C. consider D. understand
第II卷
第二部分 语言知识及应用（共两节，满分45分）
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
We all know how good nature can make us feel. The sound of the ocean, the smell of a forest and the way sunlight dances through ___61___ (leaf) help us to relax and think more clearly. The idea ___62___ humans own a deep biological need to connect with nature has been called "Biophilia", ___63___ (mean) "love of life and the living world". Yet, according to the United Nations Population Division, so far the number of us going to urban areas ___64___ (grow) sharply. By 2050, it is estimated that a shocking sixty-eight percent of the world's inhabitants will live in cities. Cities are wonderful places — full of ___65___ (excite), innovation and energy.___66___ living in a city can be stressful. And the more we live in them, ___67___ more stress we have, leading to increases in mental illnesses ___68___ depression and loneliness. The good news is that the global science community continues to explain the medical benefits of nature on the brain. Through conducting research and sharing information with different organizations, new ideas are being carried out that encourage us ___69___ (step) out of the fast street and reconnect with nature in a ____70____ (rapid) changing world.
第三部分 写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（/），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用删除符号（＼）划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
I was far behind most of my classmate when I become a senior three student. Moreover, I couldn't follow the teacher completely in class. One day, I was too much exhausted and confused to concentrate on which the teacher taught. Unfortunate, I was invited to share my own idea. As you can imagine, I couldn't say a word. Feeling embarrassing, I ready to be criticized. Much on my astonishment, the teacher instructed and encouraged me patiently. I was such touched that I was determined to try his best to study hard. Now I am quite confident about my study.
第二节 书面表达（共25分）
假定你是李华，你在新型冠状病毒肆虐期间在网上买到了假的口罩，请你写一封信向消费者协会投诉。内容包括：
买到的口罩只有 1 层（标准的有 3 层）；
询问客服并没有得到回应；
希望消费者协会介入。
注意：1. 词数 100 左右。2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。参考词汇：Consumer's association 消费者协会
Corona Virus Disease 2019（COVID-19） 新型冠状病毒肺炎
Face mask 口罩
2020年高考英语冲刺模拟试卷 (三）解析版
第I卷
第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Panama City, Panama
For beach vacations that get you out of town and invite you and your family to dive into culture, consider a trip to Panama City. Here, you will enjoy beaches and city exploring. Book your stay at the Westin Playa Bonita, where you can book a room starting at $222 a night. There are various programs, including beach Olympics, stargazing (观星)and Spanish lessons.
Jupiter, Florida
This place offers you quality time you can spend with your loved ones. Book your stay at Jupiter Beach Resort & Spa, with rates for a family of four starting at $207 a night. Here, you can shoot baskets at the basketball courts, take a dip in the pool or teach your children beach yoga.
San Diego, California
The West Coast is a great spot for cheap beach vacations, so tell your family to pack their bags for a visit to San Diego. A cheap $10 Uber ride from the airport will have you pulling up the Kona Kai Resort & Spa. Here, a family of four can stay in a Deluxe Guest Room starting at $159 per night. Your kids can practice cannonballs at the pool after a visit to the world-famous San Diego Zoo.
Kihei Maui, Hawaii
For West Coasters who are growing bored with their backyard, fly to the islands of Hawaii. Stay at the Aston at the Maui Banyan, with a charge of $179 a night for a family of four. Here, you'll witness some of the best sunsets of your life while your kids splash (戏水) in the Pacific. And if you're set on cooking a fancy meal, you'll enjoy suites that come with a full kitchen.
21．Which of the following charges you least a night?
A．The Aston at the Maui Banyan.
B．The Westin Playa Bonita.
C．The Kona Kai Resort & Spa.
D．Jupiter Beach Resort & Spa.
22．What can you do at the Aston at the Maui Banyan?
A．Admire beautiful sunsets.
B．Visit a world-famous zoo.
C．Observe fantastic stars.
D．Play some beach sports.
23．What is the common feature of the four destinations?
A．They all offer rooms with a full kitchen.
B．They are all intended for family trips.
C．They all pick up visitors from the airport.
D．They all provide bike riding on the beach.
【答案】21. C 22. A 23. B
【解析】 本文主要介绍了四座适合一家人一起去旅行的城市，及当地可供下榻的酒店。
21．考查细节理解题。根据San Diego, California部分的“A cheap$10 Uber ride from the airport will have you pulling up the Kona Kai Resort & Spa.Here, a family of four can stay in a Deluxe Guest Room starting at $159 per night.”以及与其他部分的“$222”“$207”和“$179”对比可知，在the Kona Kai Resort & Spa住一晚的开销最低。故选C。
22．考查细节理解题。根据Kihei Maui, Hawaii部分的“Stay at the Aston at the Maui Banyan, with a charge of $179 a night for a family of four.Here, you'll witness some of the best sunsets of your life while your kids splash(戏水)in the Pacific.”可知，在the Aston at the Maui Banyan你可以欣赏美丽的日落。故选A。
23．考查细节理解题。根据第一段中的 “For beach vacations that get you out of town and invite you and your family to dive into culture”，第二段中的“with rates for a family of four starting at $207 a night”，第三段中的“so tell your family to pack their bags for a visit to San Diego” 和第四段中的 “with a charge of $179 a night for a family of four”可知，这四个目的地的共同点是它们都是为家庭旅游准备的。故选B。
B
At the age of 14, James Harrison had a major chest operation and he required 13 units （3.4 gallons) of blood afterwards. The blood donations saved his life, and he decided that once he turned 18, he would begin donating blood as regularly as he could.
More than 60 years and almost 1,200 donations later, Harrison, whose blood contains an antibody（抗体) that has saved the lives of 2.4 million babies from miscarriages （流产), retired as a blood donor on May 11. Harrison’s blood is valuable because he naturally produces Rh-negative blood, which contains Rh-positive antibodies. His blood has been used to create anti-D in Australia since 1967.
“Every bottle of anti-D ever made in Australia has James in it,” Robyn Barlow, the Rh program director told the Sydney Morning Herald. “It’s an amazing thing. He has saved millions of babies. I cry just thinking about it.” Since then, Harrison has donated between 500 and 800 milliliters of blood almost every week. He’s made 1,162 donations from his right arm and 10 from his left.
“I’d keep going if they let me,” Harrison told the Herald. His doctors said it was time to stop the donations — and they certainly don’t take them lightly. They had already extended the age limit for blood donations for him, and they’re cutting him off now to protect his health. He made his final donation surrounded by some of the mothers and babies who his blood helped save.
Harrison’s retirement is a blow to the Rh treatment program in Australia. Only 160 donors support the program, and finding new donors has proven to be difficult. But Harrison’s retirement from giving blood doesn’t mean he’s completely out of the game. Scientists are collecting and cataloging his DNA to create a library of antibodies and white blood cells that could be the future of the anti-D program in Australia.
24. What do we know about James Harrison?
A. He saved 2.4 million poor people. B. He is to retire as a blood donor.
C. He is a very grateful blood donor. D. He donates blood nearly every day.
25. What is the author’s purpose of writing Paragraph 4?
A. To state Harrison’s decision to continue donating blood.
B. To describe how Harrison’s donations come to an end.
C. To introduce some babies saved by Harrison’s blood.
D. To praise Harrison for his cooperation with the doctors.
26. What can we infer from the passage about Harrison?
A. After his retirement, the Rh program will fail.
B. New donors are easy to find in a short time.
C. He continues to contribute to the Rh program.
D. His DNA is kept in a library for future study.
27. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A. A Unique Man with a Rare Blood Type B. The Blood Saving Millions of Babies
C. A Special Blood producer D. The Man with the Golden Arm
【答案】24. C 25. B 26. C 27. D
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。短文叙述了一位澳大利亚男子在他14岁时，因为他的病，急需要血液，别人帮他输血救了他的生命，他决定一旦年满18岁，就开始尽可能定期献血。他一直捐献自己极其罕见的血液来救别人，60多年里，献血将近1200次，救了240万婴儿的生命。
24.考查推理判断题。由第一段“he decided that once he turned 18, he would begin donating blood as regularly as he could.”以及第二段“More than 60 years and almost 1,200 donations later, Harrison, whose blood contains an antibody(抗体) that has saved the lives of 2.4 million babies from miscarriages ”可知，他决定一旦年满18岁，就开始尽可能定期献血。60多年内，他献血将近1200次。他的血液中含有一种抗体，这种抗体挽救了240万婴儿的生命。所以哈里森兑现了他14岁许下的诺言，60多年内，他献血将近1200次。挽救了240万婴儿的生命。故通过关键词“begin donating blood as regularly，60 years，1,200 donations，save”可以判断出，哈里森是个非常感恩的献血者。故C选项正确。
25.考查推理判断题。由第四段“His doctors said it was time to stop the donations — and they certainly don’t take them lightly. They had already extended the age limit for blood donations for him, and they’re cutting him off now to protect his health. He made his final donation surrounded by some of the mothers and babies who his blood helped save”可知，他的医生说，是时候停止捐赠了，他们当然不会轻易接受。他们已经延长了他献血的年龄限制，现在为了保护他的健康，他要停止献血。他做了最后一次捐赠，他的血液挽救了一些母亲和婴儿的生命。所以通过医生所说的话，可以判断出，第四段的目的是描述哈里森的献血是如何结束的。故B选项正确。
26.考查推理判断题。由最后段“But Harrison’s retirement from giving blood doesn’t mean he’s completely out of the game. Scientists are collecting and cataloging his DNA to create a library of antibodies and white blood cells that could be the future of the anti-D program in Australia.”可知，但是，哈里森从献血退休并不意味着他完全退出了，科学家们正在收集和编目他的DNA，以建立一个抗体和白血球库，这可能是澳大利亚抗-D计划的未来。所以尽管哈里森已经退休，但他并不是完全退出，因为围绕着他血液的研究会一直进行下去，所以哈里森会继续为Rh项目做出贡献。故C选项正确。
27.考查主旨大意题。通读全文可知，短文叙述了一位澳大利亚男子在他14岁时，因为他的病，急需血液，别人帮他输血救了他的生命，他决定一旦年满18岁，就开始尽可能定期献血。他一直捐献自己极其罕见的血液来救别人，60多年里，献血将近1200次，救了超过二百万婴儿的故事。所以短文主要在叙述一位有极其珍贵的手臂的人，是这样的手臂输出的血液，救了这么多的人。故短文的最佳标题为“一位有极其珍贵的手臂的人”。故D选项正确。
C
Scientists say they've developed a system using machine learning to predict when and where lighting will strike. The research was led by engineers from the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne, Switzerland.
European researchers have estimated that between 6,000 and 24,000 people are killed by lightning worldwide each year. The strikes can also cause power outages, destroy property, damage electrical equipment and start forest fires. For these reasons, climate scientists have long sought to develop methods to predict and control lightning. In the United States and other places, ground-based sensing devices are used to identify strikes as they happen. But, no system has been created to effectively predict lightning.
The system tested in the experiments used a combination of data from weather stations and machine learning methods. The researchers developed a prediction model that was trained to recognize weather conditions that were likely to cause lightning.
The model was created with data collected over a 12-year period from 12 Swiss weather stations in cities and mountain areas. The data related to four main surface conditions: air pressure, air temperature, relative humidity and wind speed.
The atmospheric data was placed into a machine learning algorithm（算法）, which compared it to records of lightning strikes. Researchers say the algorithm was then able to learn the conditions under which lightning happens.
Amirhossein Mostajabi is a PhD student at the institute who led the development of the method. He said, “current systems for gathering such data are slow and complex and require costly collection equipment like radar or satellites.”
“Our method uses data that can be obtained from any weather station,” Mostajabi said. “This will improve data collection in very remote areas not covered by radar and satellite or in places where communication systems have been cut,” be added.
The researchers plan to keep developing the technology in partnership with a European effort that aims to create a lightning protection system. The effort is called the European Laser Lightning Rod project.
28. Why have climate scientists tried to predict and control lighting?
A. To collect relative data.
B. To reduce the destruction lightning has been causing.
C. To create a scientific system.
D. To do research in relation to machine learning.
29. The four mentioned surface conditions include all the following EXCEPT ________.
A. air pollution B. wind speed
C. relative humidity D. air temperature
30. What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 5 refer to?
A. lighting. B. the system being tested.
C. the atmospheric data. D. the machine learning algorithm.
31. What can we learn about Mostajabi from the passage?
A. He developed the method and the system himself.
B. He thinks the current systems are too slow and simple.
C. He is a professor at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology.
D. He believes their system does much better in data collection.
【答案】28. B 29. A 30. C 31. D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍科学家们开发出的一种系统，利用机器学习能力有效地预测闪电，以减少闪电袭击带来的危害和损失。
28.考查推理判断题。根据第二段中“...that between 6,000 and 24,000 people are killed by lightning worldwide each year. The strikes can also cause power outages, destroy property, damage electrical equipment and start forest fires. For these reasons，climate scientists have long sought to develop methods to predict and control lightning.（世界各地每年有6,000至24,000人死于闪电。闪电袭击还可能导致停电、破坏财产、损坏电气设备和引发森林火灾。）”可知，科协家们想预测、控制闪电是因为想找到办法，以减少闪电所带来的危害和损失。故选B项。
29.考查细节理解题。根据第四段中“The data related to four main surface conditions: air pressure, air temperature, relative humidity and wind speed.”可知，与四个主要表面条件有关的数据有气压、空气温度、相对湿度和风速，没有提到空气污染。故选A项。
30.考查词句猜测题。根据第五段“The atmospheric data was placed into a machine learning algorithm（算法）, which compared it to records of lightning strikes.（将大气数据输入到机器学习计算法中，随后计算法会将这些数据与闪电袭击记录进行比较。）”可以推测，it指代上一句中的the atmospheric data。故选C项。
31.考查推理判断题。第六段中提到“current systems for gathering such data are slow and complex and require costly collection equipment like radar or satellites”，Mostajabi认为目前收集此类数据的系统缓慢而复杂，需要昂贵的雷达或卫星等收集设备；第七段中提到“Our method uses data that can be obtained from any weather station…This will improve data collection in very remote areas not covered by radar and satellite or in places where communication systems have been cut”, Mostajabi认为他们这种方法使用的数据可以从任何气象站获得， 这将改善雷达和卫星未覆盖的非常偏远地区或通信系统被切断的地方的数据收集。因此可以推断，Mostajabi相信他们的系统在数据收集方面比原来的做得更好。故选D项。
D
Hearing loss is unavoidable, but listening to loud music when you’ re younger can make it worse. To reduce your risk of hearing loss via loud music, learn why and how it can cause hearing loss, and just how loud is too loud.
Hearing loss occurs in four ways: conductive hearing loss, sensorneural hearing loss, mixed hearing loss and auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder. Noise-induced(噪音诱发的)hearing loss is a type of sensorneural hearing loss.
Sensorneural hearing loss occurs when your inner ear becomes damaged. In the case of noise induced hearing loss, most of the damage affects the cells of tiny sensory hairs in your inner ear.
When those cells get damaged or die, the electrical signal that your auditory nerve sends to your brain changes.
Noise-induced hearing loss can be acute or severe, and it can be temporary or permanent. You might be familiar with acute temporary noise-induced hearing loss, even if you didn’t realize what was happening at the time.
Acute temporary noise-induced hearing loss can occur from attending a loud concert or sporting event, going to a gun range without earmuffs or being near an explosion. It can make noises sound “stuffy” or far away, especially when talking on the phone or in a crowded room. Repeated exposure to those loud situations can eventually lead to permanent hearing loss.
Noise levels from earbuds and headphones can get as loud as 139 decibels, according to the journal Noise &Health, far greater than the recommended range of everyday sound exposure, which is 60 to 85 decibels. And the average level of noise from headphones, with the volume turned all the way up, is 94 to 110 decibels. For context, 60 decibels is about the volume of an average conversation, and 130 decibels is about the noise level of a rock concert. 85 decibels is considered the maxi- mum volume at which you can listen to sound for eight hours without damaging your hearing. So if you were to listen to music from your headphones for eight hours a day, listening at a volume louder than 85 decibels can cause permanent damage to your ears.
Unfortunately, the relationship between decibels and time isn’t linear. For every three decibels, safe exposure time gets cut in half, according to the CDC. At 88 decibels, you can only safely listen for four hours; at 91 decibels, just two hours.
32. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph One refer to?
A. Hearing loss. B. Listening to loud music. C. Risk. D. Loud music.
33. In which of the following situations is acute temporary noise-induced hearing loss more likely to occur?
A. Attending a rock concert. B. Participating in a heated debate.
C. Going to a gun range with earmuffs. D. Watching an explosion at a distance.
34. In terms of safe exposure, how long can you listen at 97 decibels?
A. A quarter. B. Half an hour. C. One hour. D. One and a half hours.
35. Which of the following can be the best title of this passage?
A. Loud Music Damages Hearing B. How to Prevent Hearing Loss
C. How Loud Is Too Loud D. Music and Hearing
【答案】32. D 33. A 34. B 35. A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了听力损失是不可避免的，但年轻时听吵闹的音乐会使情况更糟。要想通过听吵闹音乐来降低听力损失的风险，你需要了解音乐为什么会导致听力损失，以及它是如何造成听力损失的。
32.考查词义猜测题。根据前一句“listening to loud music when you’re younger can make it worse(年轻时听吵闹的音乐会使情况变得更糟)”中的listening to loud music为主语，因此本句应是对其进行进一步的描述，“it”作为不定代词，可指代前文提及的动作或事物，结合本句“To reduce your risk of hearing loss via loud music, learn why and how it can cause hearing loss, and just how loud is too loud.”因此可推知本句中it应指前一句“listening to loud music when you’ re younger can make it worse(年轻时听吵闹的音乐会使情况变得更糟)”中的 loud music。故选D项。 33.考查细节理解题。根据文章第六段内容“Acute temporary noise-induced hearing loss can occur from attending a loud concert or sporting event, going to a gun range without earmuffs or being near an explosion.( 急性暂时性噪音性听力损失可以发生在参加吵闹的音乐会或体育赛事、去没有耳罩的射击场或在爆炸附近。)”可知参加吵闹的音乐会出现该情况，选项A“Attending a rock concert.( 参加摇滚音乐会。)”为吵闹音乐会。故选A项。
34.考查细节理解题。根据文章末尾内容“For every three decibels, safe exposure time gets cut in half, according to the CDC. At 88 decibels, you can only safely listen for four hours; at 91 decibels, just two hours.( 根据美国疾病控制与预防中心的数据，每三分贝，安全暴露时间就会减少一半。在88分贝时，你只能安全地听4个小时;在91分贝时，你只能听两个小时。)”可知，每增加三分贝，安全暴露时间就会减少一半，结合后文提及91分贝时，能听两个小时，因此94分贝时，应减少一半时间，即一个小时；97分贝时，再减少一半时间，即能听半个小时。故选B项。
35.考查主旨大意题。文章首段提出了本文的论述中心“To reduce your risk of hearing loss via loud music, learn why and how it can cause hearing loss, and just how loud is too loud.( 要想通过大声听音乐来降低听力损失的风险，你需要了解音乐为什么会导致听力损失，以及它是如何造成听力损失的。)”可知，本文主要围绕“吵闹音乐与听力损失”之间进行了阐述，选项A. Loud Music Damages Hearing(吵闹的音乐损害听力) 符合本文主题，可为最佳标题。故选A项。
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
We know that choosing a college major can be very hard. But have no fear! Your choice of major will not lock you into a specific career for the rest of your life. Here's what you need to know about college majors before you commit.
What is a major?
___36___Beyond general college requirements， you'll also take a group of courses in a subject of your choosing such as Chemistry， Literature， or Political Science.
How important is my major?
The major you choose will neither predict nor guarantee your future. Many graduates find jobs that have nothing to do with what they studied in college. If you intend to earn a professional degree after college， you will probably need certain courses. ___37___
When do I declare a major?
This varies widely across schools and programs._____38_____Others require that you declare upon a major by the time that you set foot inside your first class.
___39___
Definitely. One of the most exciting aspects of college life is that it introduces you to new subjects and arouses new passions. However， keep this in mind. Every major has necessary coursework. If you change your major late in the game， it may take more than the traditional four years to earn a degree.
What are minors and double majors?
If one field of study doesn’t satisfy your intellectual appetite， consider a minor. A minor is similar to a major in that it’s an area of academic concentration.___40___A double major provides you with an understanding of two academic fields. It allows you to become familiar with two sets of values and views while it also requires you to fulfill two sets of requirements.
A. Can I change my mind?
B. Is my major time-consuming?
C. It's your specialized area of study in college.
D. Most students find one major is more than enough.
E. Some schools may give you one year or more to decide.
F. But many future doctors major in non-science related fields.
G. The only difference is that it doesn’t require as many classes.
【答案】36. C 37. F 38. E 39. A 40. G
【解析】这是一篇说明文，介绍了关于大学所选专业的一些信息。
36.本段小标题为“什么是专业？”，根据下文Beyond general college requirements， you'll also take a group of courses in a subject of your choosing such as Chemistry， Literature， or Political Science.可知，除了通用的大学要求，你还将学习一门你选择的课程，如化学，文学或政治科学。符合本段主题，承接下文，C项（这是你在大学学习的专业领域。）切题。故选C项。
37.根据上文If you intend to earn a professional degree after college， you will probably need certain courses.可知，如果你打算在大学毕业后获得专业学位，您可能需要某些特定课程。F项（但许多未来的医生主修非科学相关领域。）与之形成对比，阐释了“The major you choose will neither predict nor guarantee your future.（你的专业选择既不会预测也不会保证你的未来）”这一句话，故选F项。
38.根据上文This varies widely across schools and programs可知，关于什么时候选专业，不同学校和项目的差异很大。根据下文Others require that you declare upon a major by the time that you set foot inside your first class.可知，其他学校则要求你在上第一节课时就申请专业。承上启下，E项（有些学校可能会给你一天或以上的时间去决定）切题，故选E项。
39.根据这一段中If you change your major late in the game可知，这一段与换专业有关，故选A项（我可以改变主意吗？）
40.根据上文If one field of study doesn’t satisfy your intellectual appetite， consider a minor. A minor is similar to a major in that it’s an area of academic concentration.可知，如果一个研究领域不能满足您的智力需求，考虑辅修。辅修专业与主专业相似的地方是它们都是学术集中的领域。承接上文，G项（唯一的区别是它不需要上那么多课。）切题，故选G项。
第二部分 语言知识及应用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从21~40各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
There are times when we feel as if our bad circumstances will never change. When we meet troubles or problems in our lives, we are ___41___ for a sign that tells us everything will be ___42___and get better.
When in this mindset(心态), I think back to a ___43___I once heard about a family having dinner at a Chinese restaurant. At the end of the meal, everyone ___44___ their fortune cookie and read their messages out loud. ___45___ ,the youngest child did not, she went to get another fortune cookie. This ___46___ several times before the mom___47___ her and asked, “What are you doing? “The___48___child responded, “I am looking for a cookie with the___49___fortune for me. “The mom said, “There is only one thing you need to ___50___and it’s not in a fortune cookie. That is where there is a will there’s a way. “
When___51___ are not going our way, we may___52___ the “right fortune”. We seek the hope for our___53___ so that it will be better than the present. Once the Israelis were expelled(驱逐)in a foreign country against their ___54___. At that time, everything was ___55___for them, but they didn’t lose hope;instead,they___56___to their new environment positively. Years later they returned to their homeland as they had ___57___
In life we need to ___58___ action and hope and believe that ___59___is impossible to a willing mind. It does___60___that good things do come out of bad and difficult situations.
41. A. ready B. grateful C. responsible D. desperate
42. A. settled B. hidden C. defeated D. gone
43. A. message B. story C. problem D. case
44. A. ate B. tasted C. touched D. opened
45. A. Anyhow B. However C. Otherwise D. Therefore
46. A. changed B. ran C. happened D. showed
47. A. protected B. kept C. stopped D. forbade
48. A. little B. foolish C. anxious D. shy
49. A. good B. bad C. wrong D. right
50. A. doubt B. guess C. know D. hope
51. A. memories B. things C. questions D. chances
52. A. search for B. make up C. take out D. wrestle with
53. A. family B. work C. business D. future
54. A. spirit B. heart C. will D. mind
55. A. easy B. difficult C. common D. special
56. A. adjusted B. turned C. stuck D. agreed
57. A. left B. expected C. talked D. remembered
58. A. fetch B. catch C. bring D. take
59. A. something B. everything C. nothing D. anything
60. A. prove B. tell C. consider D. understand
【答案】41. D 42. A 43. B 44. D 45. B 46. C 47. C 48. A 49. D 50. C 51. B 52. A 53. D 54. C 55. B 56. A 57. B 58. D 59. C 60. A
【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章主要通过作者讲述的小故事——一个家庭在中国餐馆吃饭，妈妈告诉最小的孩子，寻找幸运饼干是没有意义的，需要知道的就是“有志者事竟成”，从而告诉一个道理，在生活中，我们需要采取行动，怀抱希望，坚信有志者，事竟成。
41.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我们在生活中遇到麻烦或问题时，我们渴望有一个迹象，告诉我们一切都会得到解决并变得更好。A. ready胜任的; 准备好的；B. grateful感激的；C. responsible负有责任的；D. desperate不顾一切的；极度渴望的。根据前文“When we meet troubles or problems in our lives”可知生活中遇到麻烦或问题时，需要一个“告诉我们一切都会变好，变得更好”的信号存在以给与希望。be desperate for，意为“非常渴望；极需要的”。故选D项。
42.考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们在生活中遇到麻烦或问题时，我们渴望有一个迹象，告诉我们一切都会得到解决并变得更好。A. settled解决；B. hidden隐藏；C. defeated打败；D. gone走；离开。根据前文“When we meet troubles or problems in our lives”可知遇到的是问题和麻烦，“解决问题或麻烦”。故选A项。“
43.考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这种心态下，我想起了我曾经听过的一个故事，一个家庭在中国餐馆吃饭。A. message信息；消息；B. story故事；C. problem问题；D. case情况；案例。根据后文“I once heard about a family having dinner at a Chinese restaurant”的讲述，作者应是想到了一个听说过的故事。故选B项。
44.考查动词词义辨析。句意：用餐结束时，每个人都打开幸运饼干，大声读出自己的纸条。A. ate吃；B. tasted品尝；C. touched 触摸；D. opened打开。根据后文宾语“fortune cookie”可知，应是中餐馆给客人的，包有预测未来运气小纸条的幸运饼干，因此打开之后才能看到其中的小纸条上的内容。故选D项。
45.考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，最小的孩子没有，她去拿另一块幸运饼干。A. Anyhow总之；无论如何；不管怎样；B. However然而；C. Otherwise否则；D. Therefore因此。根据前文“At the end of the meal, everyone ___44__ their fortune cookie and read their messages out loud.”可知，每个人都读了自己的小纸条，空后“the youngest child did not”提及的最小的孩子没有读，因此，前后句应是转折关系。故选B项。
46.考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种情况发生了好几次，妈妈才拦住她问。 A. changed改变；B. ran奔跑；C. happened发生；D. showed展示。分析可知，句中主语“this”应指前文提及的“to get another fortune cookie”这件事，且结合后文“This ___46__ several times before the mom___47___ her and asked, “What are you doing? ”可知，这个动作发生了不止一次才引起了妈妈的注意和询问。故选C项。
47.考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种情况发生了好几次，妈妈才拦住她问。A. protected保护；B. kept保持；保存；C. stopped 阻止；停止；D. forbade禁止。根据前文““This ___46__ several times”可知，换饼干这件事发生了几次因此得到了妈妈的阻止。故选C项。
48.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个小孩回答说。A. little年纪小的；微少的； B. foolish 愚蠢的；C. anxious焦急的；焦虑的；D. shy害羞的。对应前文的“the youngest child”，此处应是the little child。故选A项。
49.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我在找一种好运气的饼干。A. good好的；B. bad坏的；C. wrong错误的；D. right正确的；最好的; 最恰当的。根据后文When___51___ are not going our way, we may___52___ the “right fortune.”提及“right fortune”，可知本句中应是“right fortune”。故选D项。
50.考查动词词义辨析。句意：你只需要知道一件事，而且不是在幸运饼里。A. doubt怀疑；B. guess猜测；C. know知道；意识到；D. hope希望。根据后文“That is where there is a will there’s a way.( 有志者，事竟成。)”可知，这是妈妈希望这个小孩子能够懂得意识到的道理。故选C项。
51.考查名词词义辨析。句意：当事情不顺心时，我们可能会寻找“好运气”。A. memories记忆；B. things (不具体指称的) 东西; 事情；C. questions 问题；D. chances机会。结合文章主指可知，本句“When___51 _ are not going our way, we may___52__ the right fortune.”在表达“事情不是按照自己的预想方式发展”，且对应前文“everything will be ___42 _and get better”提及的everything，设空主语应是things。故选B项。
52.考查动词词组辨析。句意：当事情不顺心时，我们可能会寻找“好运气”。 A. search for寻找；B. make up构成；编造；弥补；C. take out除掉；取得；带某人出去（吃饭或看电影等）；D. wrestle with全力对付；努力克服。对应前文“I am looking for a cookie with the___49___fortune for me.”可知，应是寻找（search for）right fortune。故选A项。
53.考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们寻求未来的希望，使它比现在更好。A. family家庭；B. work工作；C. business商业；生意；要事；D. future未来。根据后文“so that it will be better than the present.(以至于它会比现在要更好)”可知，应是对未来寻求希望。故选D项。
54.考查名词词义辨析。句意：曾经以色列人违背他们的意愿被驱逐到国外。A. spirit精神（包括性格、情感等）；B. heart心脏；内心；C. will意志，决心；心愿；D. mind想法；才智。分析可知，本句应与前文“When___51_ __ are not going our way(当事情不顺心的时候)”表达含义一致，against the will，“违背意愿”，符合语意。故选C项。
55.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在那个时候，一切对他们来说都是困难的，但是他们并没有失去希望，相反，他们积极地适应了新的环境。A. easy容易的；B. difficult困难的；C. common普遍的；D. special特殊的。根据前文“Once the Israelis were expelled in a foreign country against their ___54_”可知，他们被驱逐，因此日子不好过。故选B项。
56.考查动词词义辨析。句意：在那个时候，一切对他们来说都是困难的，但是他们并没有失去希望，相反，他们积极地适应了新的环境。A. adjusted调整；B. turned 转动 (身体); 转身；C. stuck 使扎入; 扎入；粘贴；坚持；D. agreed同意。根据前文“they didn’t lose hope”可知，他们虽然被驱逐，但是没有放弃希望，因此可推知，他们在新环境中积极调整自己。adjust to，“调节；调整以适应”。故选A项。
57.考查动词词义辨析。句意：多年以后，他们如预期的那样回到了祖国。 A. left离开；B. expected期望；C. talked谈话；D. remembered记得。as sb. had expected，固定句式，“正如某人所期望的”。故选B项。
58.考查动词词义辨析。句意：在生活中，我们需要采取行动，怀抱希望，坚信有志者，事竟成。 A. fetch去取（某物）; 去接（某人）；B. catch捉住; 捕获；接住；C. bring带来；D. take带走。take action，固定结构。“采取行动”。故选D项。
59.考查复合不定代词辨析。句意：在生活中，我们需要采取行动，怀抱希望，坚信有志者，事竟成。 A. something某物；B. everything一切事物；C. nothing没有一个; 没有什么；D. anything任何事物。根据前文提及“That is where there is a will there’s a way.(有志者事竟成)”可知，本句应是在强调对于有意志力的人来说，没有什么是不可能的。故选C项。
60.考查动词词义辨析。句意：它证明了好的事情确实会从坏的和困难的情况中产生。A. prove证明是；B. tell告诉；C. consider考虑；认为；D. understand理解；懂得。it proves that+从句，固定句式，意为“它证明了……”。故选A项。
第II卷
第二部分 语言知识及应用（共两节，满分45分）
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
We all know how good nature can make us feel. The sound of the ocean, the smell of a forest and the way sunlight dances through ___61___ (leaf) help us to relax and think more clearly. The idea ___62___ humans own a deep biological need to connect with nature has been called "Biophilia", ___63___ (mean) "love of life and the living world". Yet, according to the United Nations Population Division, so far the number of us going to urban areas ___64___ (grow) sharply. By 2050, it is estimated that a shocking sixty-eight percent of the world's inhabitants will live in cities. Cities are wonderful places — full of ___65___ (excite), innovation and energy.___66___ living in a city can be stressful. And the more we live in them, ___67___ more stress we have, leading to increases in mental illnesses ___68___ depression and loneliness. The good news is that the global science community continues to explain the medical benefits of nature on the brain. Through conducting research and sharing information with different organizations, new ideas are being carried out that encourage us ___69___ (step) out of the fast street and reconnect with nature in a ____70____ (rapid) changing world.
【答案】61. leaves 62. that 63. meaning 64. has grown 65. excitement
66. But 67. the 68. like 69. to step 70. rapidly
【解析】这一篇说明文。文章讲述了大自然会让人感觉很好。
61.考查名词复数。leaf是可数名词，前面没有不定冠词，所以要用复数形式。故填leaves。
62.考查同位语从句。分析句子，可知此处是idea的同位语从句，从句中不缺成分，所以使用无实义，只起连接作用的连接词that引导。故填that。
63.考查非谓语动词。句意：人类有与自然连接的生理需要，这个观点被称为Biophilia，意为对生活和生存的世界的爱。句子的谓语是has been called，所以mean要用非谓语动词，与 Biophilia是主动关系，应用现在分词。故填meaning。
64.考查动词时态。句子中有时间标志so far，要用现在完成时，the number做主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填has grown。
65.考查名词。空白前面of 是介词，后面接名词，excite的名词是excitement。故填excitement。
66.考查连词。句意：城市是很好的地方，充满兴奋，动力和能量。但是住在城市里是有压力的。上一句和下一句是转折关系，又在句首。故填But。
67.考查定冠词。句意：我们在他们那里住的越多，我们就会有越多的压力。the+比较级，the+比较级意为“越……，就越……”。故填the。
68.考查介词。句意：我们在他们那里住的越多，我们就会有越多的压力，会导致像抑郁和孤单这样的心理疾病的增加。like做介词时意为“像”。故填like。
69.考查固定搭配。encourage sb. to do sth.意为“鼓励某人做某事”。故填to step。
70.考查副词。分析句子可知，空白处应填副词，用来修饰changing world，rapid的副词是rapidly。故填rapidly。
第三部分 写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（/），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用删除符号（＼）划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
I was far behind most of my classmate when I become a senior three student. Moreover, I couldn't follow the teacher completely in class. One day, I was too much exhausted and confused to concentrate on which the teacher taught. Unfortunate, I was invited to share my own idea. As you can imagine, I couldn't say a word. Feeling embarrassing, I ready to be criticized. Much on my astonishment, the teacher instructed and encouraged me patiently. I was such touched that I was determined to try his best to study hard. Now I am quite confident about my study.
【答案】1. classmate →classmates 2. become →became 3.删掉much 4. which →what
5. fortunate →fortunately 6. embarrassing →embarrassed 7.在ready前加was 8. on →to
9. such→so 10. his →my
【解析】文章是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是作者在受到老师鼓励后，决心努力学习的故事。
1.考查名词复数。classmate是可数名词，由most of可知，此处应使用复数形式。故将classmate改为classmates。
2.考查动词时态。此处描述的是过去的事情，应使用一般过去时。故将become改为became。
3.考查固定搭配。too…to..意为“太……而不能……”。故删掉much。
4.考查宾语从句。分析句子，此处是宾语从句。on后面的成分做on的宾语，同时做taught的宾语，是个双重成分，应该用what。故将which改为what。
5.考查副词。应该是副词做状语，fortunate的副词是fortunately。故将fortunate改为fortunately。
6.考查形容词。分析句子是我感到尴尬，修饰人的感情，应该用ed形容词。故将embarrassing改为embarrassed。
7.考查固定搭配。be ready to do sth.意为“准备做某事”，又因为文章描述的是过去的事情，应使用一般过去时。故在ready前加was。
8.考查固定搭配。此处是to+one’s+抽象名词“令某人怎么样的是”。故将on改为to。
9.考查固定搭配。such…that与so…that意思相同，意为“如此……以致于……”，连接一个表示结果的状语从句；so修饰形容词或副词，而such修饰名词。touched是形容词要用so。故将such改为so。
10.考查形容词行物主代词。try one’s best意为“尽某人最大努力”，句子的主语是我，所以要用my。故将his改为my。
第二节 书面表达（共25分）
假定你是李华，你在新型冠状病毒肆虐期间在网上买到了假的口罩，请你写一封信向消费者协会投诉。内容包括：
买到的口罩只有 1 层（标准的有 3 层）；
询问客服并没有得到回应；
希望消费者协会介入。
注意：1. 词数 100 左右。2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。参考词汇：Consumer's association 消费者协会
Corona Virus Disease 2019（COVID-19） 新型冠状病毒肺炎
Face mask 口罩
ONE POSSIBLE VERSION
Dear sir or madam,
I'm sorry to bother you, but I have to ask you for help. The reason why I’m writing to you to complain about a face mask business.
Last month, I have bought some face masks from Internet to protect myself from COVID-19.But when I receive the express delivery, I found that the mask they gave me was only one layer, but the standard mask should have three layers. I immediately found out that I had bought a fake. When I realized that I had bought a fake, I contacted customer service right away. But as I thought, I didn't get any response. As a consumer, I think my legitimate rights and interests have been violated. I hope to get the help of your consumer association and let these illegal businesses get severe punishment.
It is high time that we put an end to the thing. Only in this way can we crack down on those lawbreakers who sell fake goods. I hope you will pay attention to it as soon as possible. Please
contact me if you want to know more details. Best wishes！
Yours,
Li Hua
