小升初高频考点剖析:第二篇专项提升第二部分第四节代词 课件(73张PPT)

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名称 小升初高频考点剖析:第二篇专项提升第二部分第四节代词 课件(73张PPT)
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课件73张PPT。第二篇 专项提升第二部分 词类梳理第四节 代 词知识梳理 代词(Pronoun)是用来代替名词、形容词、数词、或上下文的词、句等的词。根据语义和语法功可将其分为:人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词、疑问代词、相互代词、关系代词、连接代词和替代词等10种。在小学阶段,主要考查前6种代词。一、代词的概述代词物主代词反身代词指示代词疑问代词不定代词人称代词的含义及分类人称代词的用法人称代词物主代词的含义及分类物主代词的用法反身代词的含义及构成反身代词的固定搭配反身代词的用法指示代词的含义指示代词的用法普通不定代词复合不定代词who,whom,what,which,whose知识点1人称代词的含义及分类人称代词是用来指人或事物的代词。人称代词有人称、数和格的变化。知识点1注意!1.you 单复数同行,既可指“你”,又可指“你们”。
2.you 和it 的主格和宾格形式相同。知识点1人称代词在句中可作主语、宾语和表语。人称代词作主语时用主格,作宾语时用宾格,作表语时多用宾格,尤其是在口语中。人称代词的用法1.人称代词的主格在句中作主语。
eg:I like English very much. 我非常喜欢英语。
She often goes to movies on Saturday. 她经常周六去看电影。
They go to school on foot. 他们走路去学校。 I “我” 在句中的任何位置都必须大写 主语和谓语在人称和数两方面应该保持一致。2.人称代词的宾语在句中作动词或介词的宾语。
eg:Please pass me the salt.
请把盐递给我。(作动词pass的宾语)
My mother bought a new bag for me.
我妈妈给我买了一个新的包。(作介词for的宾语)
Let me tell you what he is like. 让我告诉你他是什么样子的。 3.人称代词的排序。
两个或两个以上的人称代词并列充当主语时,通常将第一人称放在最后。
单数人称按“二、三、一”的顺序排列,即you→he/she→I;
复数人称按“一、二、三”的顺序排列,即we→you→they
eg:Both he and I are good at English. 我和他都擅长英语。
You,he and I are of the same age. 你、他和我都是同岁。
We,you and they are all good students. 我们、你们、他们都是好学生。4.代词it的用法。
(1)用于指代前面已经提到的事物。
eg:I dropped my phone and it broke. 我的手机掉在地上摔坏了。
(it指代上文中提到的phone)
(2)用作主语,表示天气、时间、距离等。
eg:It is sunny and hot today. 今天天气晴朗炎热。
It is time for class. 到上课的时间了。
How for is it from your home to school? 从你家到学校有多远?(3)用作形式主语或形式宾语。
eg:It is important to protect the environment. 保护环境很重要。
(用作形式主语)
I find it difficult to learn a foreign language well.
我发现学好一门外语很难。注意!it作形式主语的结构为:It is +adj.+to do sth.该结构中it作形式主语,真正的主语是后面的动词不定式(短语)。该结构中可在形容词后添加介词短语“for/of sb”,但意义不同。It is+adj.+for sb.+to do sth.意为”对某人来说做某事是......的”。注意!句中的形容词常表示事物的特征或客观情况,如interesting,easy,hard,relaxing,necessary等。It is+adj.+of sb.+to do sth.中的形容词常表示人的性格、品质、特点,如kind,nice,clever等。
eg:It is relaxing for me to play basketball.
It is kind of you to help me with my homework.知识点2物主代词是表示事物所有关系的代词。物主代词有两种形式:一种是形容词性物主代词,在句子只能充当定语;另一种是名词性物主代词,在句子作主语、宾语、表语以及与of连用作宾语。物主代词的含义及分类注意!your和yours的单、复数同行。1.形容词性物主代词的用法
(1)形容词性物主代词用作定语,起形容词的作用,后面要跟名词,不可单独使用。
eg:Is that your scarf? 那是你的围巾吗?
My schoolbag is red. 我的书包是红色的。
What's his name? 他叫什么名字?物主代词的用法(2)形容词性物主代词可以和其他形容词一起修饰名词。
eg:his good friend 他的好朋友;
my maths teacher 我的数学老师
(3)当名词前已有形容词性物主代词修饰时,不能再用冠词或指示代词。
eg:This is my a pen. 这时候我的钢笔。 错误,应该把a去掉2.名词性物主代词的用法
名词性物主代词相当于名词,在句中独立地作主语、宾语、和表语,它后面一定不可以跟名词,因为它相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”。
eg:This is my pencil. Yours is on the desk.
这是我的铅笔,你的在桌子上。(作主语,相当于your pencil)
These pencil are mine.
这些铅笔是我的。(作表语,相当于my pencil)
Let's clean his classroom first,then we will clean ours.
让我们先打扫他的教室,然后打扫我们的。(作宾语,相当于our classroom)注意!名词性物主代词作主语时,谓语动词的数要随名词性物主代词所指代的数而定。
eg:That is Amy's eraser. Mine is white.
(相当于my eraser)
Her books are cheap. Mine are expensive.
(相当于my books)拓展:物主代词用法口诀。物主代词分两种,形容词性名词性。
形容词性能力差,自己不能来当家。
句子当中作定语,身后定把名词加。
物主代词名词性,相当名词可单用。
句中充当主宾表,身后没有名词影。
两种代词形不同,添个s形变名。
his,its不用变,my变mine要记清。反身代词的含义及构成表示“某人自己”的词叫反身代词。反身代词第一、二人称由形容词性物主代词加-self(复数加-selves)构成,第三人称反身代词由人称代词的宾格加-self(复数加-selves)构成。1.反身代词可用作宾语、表语、主语和宾语的同位语,用作同位语时强调“本人、自己”。
eg:I enjoy myself at the party. 我在聚会上玩得很开心。(作动词的宾语)
Take good care of yourself.照顾好自己。(作介词的宾语)
Just be yourself.做好你自己。(作表语)
反身代词的用法2.反身代词有时用于be,feel,seem,look等后作表语,表示身体或精神处于正常状态。
eg:I'm not quite myself these day.我近来身体不太舒服。
He doesn't seem himself this morning.今天上午他似乎不舒服。 反身代词在使用时应和主语保持一致。learn by oneself 自学;enjoy oneself 玩得高兴;
teach oneself 自学;help oneself(to)... 随便用(吃)......;
say to oneself 自言自语;by oneself 独自;
hurt oneself 伤着自己;dress oneself 自己穿衣反身代词的固定搭配指示代词的含义指示代词是表示“这个”“那个”“这些”“那些”等指示概念的代词。指示代词有this,that,these,those等。指示代词在句中可作主语、宾语、表语和定语。eg:This is a maths book. 这是一本数学书。
These pencils are mine. 这些铅笔是我的。
That is a map. 那是一张地图。
Those are her skirts. 那些是她的衬衫。
指示代词的用法1.指示代词在句中可用作主语、表语、宾语和定语。
eg:That is a book. 那是一本书。 (作主语)
My idea is this. 我的意思是这样的。(作表语)
How do you like these? 你认为这些怎么样?(作宾语)
Those pencils are hers. 那些铅笔是她的。(作定语)
注意!that is可以缩写为that's;而this is 无缩写形式。2.用于指代上下文刚刚提到的事物。
eg:The weather in Sanya is warmer than that in Harbin in winter.
在冬天,三亚的天气比哈尔滨的天气暖和。
3.在电话用语中,用this 介绍自己,用that询问对方。
eg:-Who's that? 你是谁?
-This is Mike speaking. 我是迈克。
指代上文刚提及的weather4.回答this,that作主语的疑问句,答语要用it代替this或that。
回答these,those作主语的疑问句,答语要用they代替these或those。
eg:-What's this in English? -It's a map.
-What are these? -They are sheep.
拓展:指示代词的单、复数转化。
This is a map.→复数句 These are maps.
That is a pen.→复数句 Those are pens.没有明确指定代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词,叫作不定代词。
常见的不定代词有some(一些),any(任何),no(没有),every(每个),each(每个),many(许多),much(许多),both(两者都),all(全都),little(很少),a little(一点儿),few(很少),a few(少数),other(另外的),the other(另一个),others(另外的人或物),the others(其余全部的人或物),another(另一个),以及由some,any,no和every构成的合成代词(如somebody, anyone, nothing, everything)等。
不定代词(1)some 与any
some与any都表示“一些”,既可以修饰可数名词复数,又可以修饰不可数名词。区别是some用于肯定句中,any用于否定句、疑问句及条件状语从句中。
eg:I have some question to ask. 我有些问题要问。
There aren't any pandas in the zoo.在动物园里没有熊猫。
Do you have any maths book? 你有数学书吗?
There is no water in the bottle. 被子里面没有水。不常用不定代词用法辨析注意!在一些表示建议、请求的疑问句中,或希望得到对方肯定回答时,多用some,而不用any;当any表示“任何”的意义,起强调作用时,可用在肯定句中。
eg:Would you like some coffee with sugar?
你要加糖的咖啡吗?
What about some fruit juice?
来电水果汁如何?
(2)many和much
两者均表示“许多”,但many修饰可数名词复数,much修饰不可数名词。两者都可以和表示程度的副词so,too,how等连用,其构成的短语的用法和many,much的用法相同。
eg:I don't have many friends here. 我在这里没有很多朋友。
They have much work to do.他们有很多工作要做。
There are many people in the room.房间里有很多人。
How much yogurt do we need?我们需要多少酸奶? how much 也可以询问价格,如How much are these apples?这些苹果多少钱?(3)each和every
each和every都表示“每个,各个”,但each强调个体,作主语时,谓语动词用单数;every强调整体,只能用作定语修饰单数名词,作主语时其谓语动词也要用单数。each可以构成“each of+名词/代词”结构,而every不可以;every可以和not连用构成部分否定,意思是“并不/非人人”,而each则不可以和not连用;表示“每隔......”、“每......”,要用“every+基数词+复数名词”结构,在这种结构中的every不能用each代替。eg:Each/Every person is living a happy life now.
现在人人都过着幸福的生活。
They are very busy.Each of them has something to do.
他们很忙,每个人都有事干。
Not every book is educative.=Every book is not educative.
不是每本书都有教育意义。
We hand in our homework every three days.
我们每隔两天(每三天)交一次作业。
(4)few,a few,little,a little
①a few和a little是一对用作表示数量的不定代词的固定词组,其意义是肯定的。a few修饰复数可数名词,a little修饰不可数名词。如:
She has a few books about starts. 她有几本关于星星的书。
Don't worry.There is still a liitle time left.别着急,还有一点时间。
②few和little具有否定的意义,意为“几乎没有”。few修饰复数可数名词,little修饰不可数名词。如:
She is very shy,and she has few friends. 她很害羞,朋友不多。
There is little milk in the fridge. I will go and buy some.
冰箱里几乎没有牛奶了,我将会去买一些。(4)both和all
both表示“(两者)都”;all表示“(三者或三者以上)都”。
both...and... ......和......都,作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
eg:Both Tom and Mike are students. 汤姆和迈克都是学生。
“both/all+of+名词/代词复数”作主语时,谓语动词用复数;
eg:Both of the two girls are beautiful. 两个女孩子都很漂亮。
All of the four students are Young Pioneers.
这四个学生都是少先队员。(5)other, the other,others, the others, another
①other表示“另外的”,其后可接名词单数形式,也可接名词复数形式。
eg:I want some other books. 我想要一些其他的书。
②表示“两者中的一个”用one;表示“另一个”则用the other。
eg: He has two daughters. One is a student,and other is a teacher.
他有两个女儿,一个是学生,一个是老师。
③others泛指“另外的部分人或物”,相当于“other+复数可数名词”。
eg:Some of us like singing and dancing,others go in for sports.
我们当中一些人喜欢唱歌和跳舞,其余的喜欢体育运动。
④表示“很多中的一个”用one;表示“剩下的全部人或物”用the others。
eg:There are only five students in classroom. Where are the others?
教室里只有五个学生,其他的学生呢?
【注】the others=the other+名词复数形式。
⑤another指“另外一个”,用来代替或修饰可数名词,表示单数概念。
eg:I don't like this one. Please show me another one.
我不喜欢这一个,请给我看看另一个疑问代词是指用来构成特殊疑问句的代词,一般都放在句首。疑问代词有who(谁,主格),whom(谁,宾格),whose(谁的),what(什么),which(哪个)等。疑问代词的含义1.who 谁(主格),用于询问人,在句中作主语、表语和宾格。
eg:Who's going to come here tomorrow? 明天谁将会来这?
Who are you talking to? 你正在和谁说话?
2.whom 谁(宾格),用于询问人,在句中作宾语。
eg:Whom are you waiting for?你正在等谁?
3.whose 谁的,who的所有格形式,用于询问所属关系,在句中作定语或表语。
eg:Whose book is this?=Whose is this book? 这是谁的书?4.what 什么,用于询问事件、东西,在句中作主语、表语、宾语和定语。
eg:What is on the chair? 椅子上是什么?
What is that? 那是什么?
What did he say?他说了什么?
What colour is the bag?这个包是什么颜色?
5.which 哪一个,指在一定范围内的人或物,在句中作主语、定语、宾语。
eg:Which school are you in?你在哪一所学校?
Which do you like better,tea or coffee?
你比较喜欢哪一个,茶还是咖啡?
注意!what的习惯用法
(1) What is the population of+地点?......的人口是多少?
eg:What is the population of China?
(2)What is the price of+物品? ......的价格是多少?
eg:What is the price of the car?=How much is the car?
(3)What is your address?你的地址是哪里?
(4)What is the height/weight/size?......的高度/重量/尺码是多少?小数中小数点读作point,小数点前后都用基数词表示。
eg:5.6 five point six;
0.8 zero point eight;
1.57 one point five seven小数的表达方式考点精析【例1】Read and write. 按要求写单词。
1. her(名词性物主代词)__________
2. he(宾格形式)__________解析:此类题考查对各类代词词形的记忆和转换。
答案:1. 2.
hershim考查代词的运用考点2【例2】Read and fill. 根据中文提示填空。
-Where is my pen,mum? -_____(它) is on your bed.It 解析:指代上文已提到的事物。
答案:【例3】Read and choose. 单项填空。
( )1. That is not ______ bag.That bag is very small,but __________ is very big.
A. my; my B. mine; mine C. my; mine
( )2. There are 30 students in this class. ______ student has a computer.
A. Each B. One C. Every
( )3. The man has __________ friends in city,so he often stays at home.
A. a little B. a few C. few 解析:第1小题考查形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的运用。第一空后有名词book,应该用形容词性物主代词;第二空在句中作主语,指代“我的包”故应该填名词性物主代词mine。第2小题考查学生对不定代词的掌握情况。30是大于2的,在这个集体中的每一个,用的代词应该是every。第3小题由“he often stays at home”可知他几乎没有py,故排除A、B两项,friends为可数名词复数,应该用few修饰。
答案:1. 2. 3. CCC 考查代词的综合运用考点3【例4】Read and write. 按要求改写句子。
Those are their books. (改为单数形式)
___________________________________________________________ 解析:此题考查代词在语境中的综合运用。句子由单数形式改为复数形式的时候,要求将句子中所有能够改为复数的成分都改成复数形式,反之亦然。
答案:That is her/his book. 一、Read and write. 按要求写单词。1. he (名词性物主代词) _____ 2. you (复数形式) _____
3. us (单数形式)_____ 4. these (反义词)_____二、Read and translate. 英汉互译。1. 他的英语书 ______________
2. 我自己 ___________
3. my teacher __________
4. those __________hismeyouthosehis English bookmyself我的老师那些三、Read and choose. 单项填空。四、Read, choose and fill. 选择括号内适当的代词填空。1. She is _____(I,my) English teacher.
2. The dress is _____(his,he).
3. Can we use _____(your, yours) crayons?
4. Can (our, we)_____ play music with you?
5. She often do _____(she,her)homework on Sunday.
myhisyourweher一、Read and write. 按要求写单词。1. me (主格)_____ 2. them (主格) _____
3. his (名词性物主代词) _____ 4. your (形容词性物主代词) _____
5. myself (复数) _________ 6. they (宾格) _____
7. they (反身代词) _________ 8. this(复数) __________
Itheyhisyoursourselvesthemthosethemselves二、Read and fill. 根据句意,用适当的代词填空。1. This is my brother. _____ are twins.
2. Mr Smith is our father. We all like _____ very much.
3. _____ do you usually do on Sundays?
4. _______ class are you in?
5. A:Can_____ help me,please?
B:OK.
6.Mum, ______ is my cap?WehisWhatWhoseyouwhere7. A:_____ are Chen Jie doing?
B:She is listening tomusic.
8. A:Whose dress is that?
B:It's _____ . I like it very much.
9.It is playing with _____ friends.
10. You'd better ask the teacher __________ . Whatmineitsyoureslf三、Read and choose. 单项填空。( )1. Help__________ to some fish,children.
A. yourself B. yourselves C. yours
( )2. This bag isn't mine.I think it is _____.
A. she B. him C. her
( )3. I've lost my pencil,so I bought __________ .
A. others B. the others C. anotherBCC( )4. Do you have_____other idea?
A. any B. some C. many
( )5. I need only __________ money.
A. few B. a little C. a few
( )6. John:__________ scarf is that?
Chen Jie:It's Sarah's.
A. What B. Who C. Whose
ABC四、Read and write. 按要求改写句子。1. This is my dog. (改为同义句)
_________________________________________________________
2. This is my crayon, and that is his crayon. (改为复数形式)
_________________________________________________________
3. 这是我的房间,那是你的。(汉译英)
_________________________________________________________
This dog is mine.These are our crayons, and those are their crayons.This is my room.That is yours.4. 他俩我都喜欢。(汉译英)
_________________________________________________________
5. The carrots are theirs. (就画线部分提问)
__________________________________________________________I like both of them.Whose carrots are these?五、Read and choose. 完形填空。 Look at the girl! She is _____ good friend. She is _____ English girl. _____ name is Susan. _____ twelve. My _____ is Julia. _____ a Chinese girl. I am eleven. Susan has a happy family. _____ father is a driver and her mother is a doctor. I have a happy family, too. There are three people in _____ family. They are my father, my mother and _____ . I love my parents and _____ love me, too. 12345678910( )1. A. I B. my C. mine
( )2. A. a B. an C. the
( )3. A. She B. She's C. Her
( )4. A. She B. She's C. Her
( )5. A. name B. book C. friend
( )6. A. I B. I'm C. She
( )7. A. She's B. Hers C. Her
( )8. A. my B. mine C. me
( )9. A. we B. me C. my
( )10. A. them B. their C. theyBBCBABCABC谢谢21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com) 中小学教育资源网站 有大把高质量资料?一线教师?一线教研员?
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