课件33张PPT。Unit 4 Space Exploration
Discovering Useful Structures动词不定式作定语和状语
【情境探究】
1. Some scientists were determined to help humans realise their dream to explore space.
2. On 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space. 3. First of all, you must be intelligent enough to get a
related college degree.
分析上面的句子: 句1和句 2中黑体部分是动词不定式
用作_____; 句3中黑体部分是动词不定式用作_____。定语状语【要义详析】
一、动词不定式用作定语
1. 动词不定式作定语常放在名词或不定代词后面作后置定语, 表示尚未发生的动作。
*Let us give him something to eat.
让我们给他一些吃的东西。
*We have much homework to do tonight.
今晚我们有很多作业要做。2. 名词前有first, last, next, only等词以及最高级修饰时, 其后要用动词不定式。
*She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games. 她是第一个在奥运会中赢得金牌的女性。3. 抽象名词attempt, ability, chance, desire, determination, decision, plan, way或不定代词something, nothing等后面常用不定式作后置定语。
*But Janis Adkins has the ability and desire to do useful work.
但是詹尼斯·阿德金斯有能力和愿望去做有用的工作。4. 当名词与定语之间存在动宾关系时。
*I usually have a lot of meetings to attend.
我通常有很多会议要参加。
*She is a nice person to work with.
她是一个很好的合作伙伴。5. 当名词与定语之间存在主谓关系时。
*We must find a person to do the job.
我们必须找到一个人来做这项工作。
*We need someone to go and get a doctor.
我们需要有人去请医生。6. 当名词与定语有同位关系时。
*We got the order to leave the city.
我们接到了离开这个城市的命令。【即学活用】语法填空
(1) The airport ______________(complete) next year
will help promote tourism in this area. ?
(2) Do you have anything _____(do) tonight? ?
(3) The best way __________(improve) your English is
to join an English club. ? to be completedto doto improve二、动词不定式在句中作状语, 主要用来修饰动词和形容词, 也可用来修饰副词。在句中, 不定式可作目的状语、原因状语、结果状语、条件状语等, 可表示目的、原因及结果等。
1. 目的状语, 置于句首或句末, 置于句首时常表示强调。为加强语气, 常与in order或so as 组成短语。*A group of young people got together to discuss this question.
一群年轻人聚在一起讨论这个问题。
*In order to help him, we would do everything we can.
为了帮助他, 我们将尽我们所能。【名师点津】不定式作目的状语
(1)不定式作目的状语时, 其动作通常迟于谓语动词的动作。
*I said that to encourage him.
我这么说是为了鼓励他。 (2)置于句首时只用to do / in order to do。如用于表示否定, in order 或 so as不能省略, 用 in order not to do 或 so as not to do形式。
*I walked quietly so as not to disturb the baby.
我安静地走路, 以免打扰婴儿。 (3)不定式作目的状语可转换为 so that / in order that 或 so. . . that . . . 引导的目的状语从句。
*He worked very hard to pass the exam.
→He worked so hard that he could pass the exam.
→He worked hard so that/in order that he could pass the exam.
他非常努力以便能通过考试。2. 原因状语, 多见于“sb. +be+adj. +to do. . . ”结构句中。
*I was very sad to hear the news.
听到这个消息我很难过。3. 结果状语, 多见于“too. . . to”; “enough to. . . ”; only to do(表示意料之外的结果的发生); so/such. . . as to(意为“如此……以至于……”)结构句中。
* I’m too tired to do well. 我太累了做不好。
*He is old enough to go to school . 他到上学的年龄了。*He rushed back, only to find the book missing.
他冲了回来, 却发现书不见了。
* She is so proud as to look down upon others.
她太骄傲了, 看不起别人。4. 独立动词不定式多用作插入语, 表示说话人的心理状态或对事情的看法。
*I’d like to stay healthy, but to be honest, I only eat food that tastes good.
我想保持健康, 但说实话, 我只吃味道好的食物。 【名师点津】现在分词与不定式作结果状语的区别
(1)动词不定式作结果状语强调的是一种意想不到的结果。
*Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only to find it didn’t fit. (2)现在分词作结果状语强调的是一种顺承的, 必然造成的结果。
*His father passed away, leaving him a little money. 【即学活用】语法填空
(1) ___________(work out) the difficult maths
problem, I have consulted Professor Russell several
times. ?
(2) ________(learn) more about Chinese culture, Jack
has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective
course. ? To work outTo learn(3)He hurried to the station only ______(find) the
train had left. 世纪金榜导学号?
(4)(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)We travel on Day 2 to northern
France ______(visit) the World War Ⅰ battlefields. ?
(5)(2018·全国卷Ⅲ) When the gorillas and I frightened
each other, I was just glad ______(find) them alive. ?to findto visitto find(6)(2018·全国卷Ⅲ) Join us _______(taste) a variety of
fresh local food and drinks. ?to taste【知识延伸】
动词不定式作主语, 表语和宾语
1. 不定式作主语, 表示具体的某次动作。若不定式结构比较复杂, 常用it 作形式主语, 真正的主语放在句子的后面。
*To do morning exercises is useful for our health.
做早操对我们的健康有益。 *It’s important for us to learn English well.
学好英语对我们来说很重要。2. 不定式作表语, 表示将来的情况, 说明主语的内容。其主语常常是wish, idea, task, purpose, duty, job等表示意向、打算、计划的词。
*His dream is to be a doctor.
他的梦想是成为一名医生。
*My work is to clean the room every day.
我的工作是每天打扫房间。3. 不定式作宾语, 常跟在某些动词后。不定式作宾语的动词的记忆口诀:
决心学会选计划, 拒绝答应想假装;
主动设法愿希望, 同意请求帮一帮;
准备威胁易声称, 渴望申请败踌躇。其对应的动词分别为: decide/determine, learn, choose, plan, refuse, promise, want/attempt, pretend, offer, manage, expect/wish/hope, agree, ask/beg, help, prepare, threaten, tend, claim, desire/long, apply, fail, hesitate。4. 若不定式结构比较复杂, 通常用 it 作形式宾语, 真正的宾语放在句子的后面, 该用法常见的动词有think, find, make, believe, consider, suppose, feel等。
*He can’t afford to buy the expensive car.
他买不起那辆昂贵的汽车。
*I think it useful to learn a foreign language.
我认为学习一门外语是有用的。*I feel it my duty to say that you are wrong.
我觉得我有责任说你错了。【补偿训练】单句语法填空
(1)She had agreed _____(go) and see a movie with
him. ?
(2)The man downstairs found it difficult _____(get) to
sleep. ?to goto get(3) My ambition is _______(work) for a firm that
develops computer software when I grow up. ?
(4)He prefers _____(eat) white bread and rice. ?to workto eat课件51张PPT。Unit 4 Space Exploration
Listening and Speaking【导语】电影《星际迷航》 描述了一代又一代的舰长们不断地把目光投向更遥远的宇宙, 探索银河系, 寻找新的世界、发现新的文明, 勇敢地前往前人未至之地。Lost in the Stars是《星际迷航3: 超越星辰》的主题曲, 演唱者是我国著名歌手张杰。?注: 听音填空
Lost in the Stars
It’s a big world
And it’s ①____________?
Round and round
Can’t seem to get enough
Of the thrillso full of loveHope the fun last forever
Can’t you feel
The force pull us together
②_________?
Let the music take you high
Feel the love
Put your hearts up to the skyTurn it upEvery time that the music plays
It’s a sweet escape
When you feel this way
You know it’s right
When the music plays
It’s ③_____________?
When you feel this waya sweet escapeYou know it’s right
Live your life
No need to dim your light
Don’t think twice
When it feels alright
Let’s get lost in the stars
And dance on the moon tonightLet’s get lost in the stars
And dance on the moon tonight
Turn it up
Let the music ④____________?
Feel the love
Put your hearts up to the sky
Every time that the music playstake you highIt’s a sweet escape
When you feel this way
You know it’s right
When the music plays
It’s a sweet escape
When you feel this way
You know it’s rightI could be your star
So bright just shinning through the night
I’ll take you far so far
Just find your love
I’ll go to Mars Mars
Tonight wishing that you’ll be my star my star
For the whole nightJust be my star ohh
You’ll be a star ohh
I’ll take you far ohh
Just be my star ohh
Turn it up
Let the music take you high
Feel the lovePut your hearts up to the sky
Every time that the music plays
It’s a sweet escape
When you feel this way
You know it’s right
When the music playsIt’s a sweet escape
When you feel this way
You know it’s right【词海拾贝】【歌曲译文】
浩瀚的世界
无尽的爱
旋转不息
永不停歇
激动人心 愿快乐永恒
你感觉到了吗
凝聚我们的动力
动起来吧
让这音乐带你飞
感受爱吧 让心灵触碰天际
每当这音乐响起
就是一次甜蜜的逃离
感觉到了
感觉就对了
每当这音乐响起 就是一次甜蜜的逃离
感觉到了
感觉就对了
活出你的生命
别让它黯淡
感觉到了 就不要想太多
让我们在星际里迷航
在月夜中起舞
让我们在星际里迷航
在月夜中起舞
动起来吧 让这音乐带你飞
感受爱吧
让心灵触碰天际
每当这音乐响起
就是一次甜蜜的逃离
感觉到了 感觉就对了
每当这音乐响起
就是一次甜蜜的逃离
感觉到了
感觉就对了
我可以做你的星辰 点亮你的黑夜
我会带你冲出无限
追寻你的真爱
比火星更远
今晚你将变成我的星辰, 我的星辰
整夜都属于我一人 请做我的星辰
你会是最耀眼的那一颗
我会带你冲出无限
请做我的星辰
动起来吧
让这音乐带你飞
感受爱吧 让心灵触碰天际
每当这音乐响起
就是一次甜蜜的逃离
感觉到了
感觉就对了
每当这音乐响起 就是一次甜蜜的逃离
感觉到了
感觉就对了 【话题点拨】
航空航天科技的发展对人们的生活产生了深远的影响, 可以说与人们的生活密不可分, 人们的生活更是受益于它的发展。然而, 任何一种科技的产生和发展都有利也有弊, 所以我们要正确地对待, 合理地利用。【话题词汇】
1. benefit from China’s space programme
从中国的太空项目中获益
2. become the first Chinese astronaut成为中国第一位宇航员
3. receive mental and physical training
接受心理上和身体上的训练4. in the filed of science 在科学领域
5. improve the quality of life 提高生活质量
6. negative effect 负面影响
7. scientific breakthrough 科学突破
8. be curious about astronauts’ life in space
对宇航员在太空的生活感到好奇9. make our life more comfortable and convenient
使我们的生活更加舒适、方便
10. with the development of aerospace science and technology
随着航空航天科技的发展【话题句式】
1. The development of science and technology makes our life more comfortable and convenient.
科技的发展使我们的生活更加舒适、方便。
2. The journey to outer space and other planets is not a dream any more.
去外太空和其他星球旅行不再是个梦。3. There is no doubt that we benefit a lot from the scientific advancements in many different ways.
毫无疑问, 在许多不同的方面科学的进步使我们受益良多。
4. However, we should be aware of the negative effects that cellphones have brought to us.
然而, 我们应该意识到手机给我们带来的负面影响。5. I have long been interested in space exploration.
长期以来我一直对太空探索感兴趣。
6. How I wish I had a chance to travel into space!
我多么希望我有机会去太空旅行! 【发音技巧】
句子的重音
1. 功能: 体现句子的节奏感和韵律感, 突出重点, 使听者更容易理解。
2. 哪些词在句子中需重读?
一般来说, 在句子中需重读的词都是实词, 比如, 名词、动词、形容词、副词、数词、代词等。不重读的多为虚词, 比如, 冠词、连词、介词、感叹词等。
例如: The streets are wide and clean.
I am so glad to see you again. 3. 虚词需要重读的情况
(1)强调或突出某个虚词或be动词时, 应将其重读。
—Are you a student?
—Yes, I am.
(2)介词在句首时往往要重读。
On my way to school, my bike was broken. (3)be动词及助动词和not结合时要重读。
Didn’t I tell you yesterday?
(4)句子末尾的be动词和助动词一般要重读。
注意: 上文刚出现过的并且重读的单词, 第二次提到时一般不再重读。【对点演练】
(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)
1. What does the woman think of the
movie?
A. It’s amusing. B. It’s exciting.
C. It’s disappointing. 2. How will Susan spend most of her time in France?
A. Traveling around.
B. Studying at a school.
C. Looking after her aunt. 3. What are the speakers talking about?
A. Going out.
B. Ordering drinks.
C. Preparing for a party. 4. Where are the speakers?
A. In a classroom.
B. In a library.
C. In a bookstore. 5. What is the man going to do?
A. Go on the Internet.
B. Make a phone call.
C. Take a train trip.
答案: 1～5. CACBA【情境交际】
两名英国学生在谈论世界航天史的发展……
请根据提示完成对话。
A: As we all know, people have always 1. _______________
_________(梦想进入太空) . ?
B: Yes. Thanks to the development of science and technology,
people 2. _______________________________(实现他们探索
太空的梦想). ?dreamed of goinginto spacerealize their dream to explore spaceA: Exactly, it has been a long history, from 1957 to
now. The USSR became 3. _______________________
_______(第一个发射卫星的国家)and successfully
orbited around Earth. ?
B: Do you know when did China send humans into
space? the first country to launchsatelliteA: Of course. In 2003 China independently sent
humans into space and Yang Liwei became 4. _______
_____________________(第一个登上太空的中国人). ?
B: Sounds great. Hopefully, I could 5. ____________
_________________(有去太空旅行的机会). ?the firstChinese to go into spacehave a chanceto travel into space一名记者正在采访有关中国第一位女宇航员刘洋登陆太空的情况……
请选择恰当的选项完成对话。
Interviewer: Nice to meet you, Mrs Liu.
Liu Yang: Nice to meet you.
Interviewer: As we all know, 1 We are all proud of you. Can you tell me how to be a qualified astronaut? ?Liu Yang: Of course. First of all, you should be intelligent enough to get a related degree. 2 ?
Interviewer: Sounds a little difficult. 3 ?
Liu Yang: Good question. While sleeping they must attach themselves to something so as not to float around. Interviewer: Why do the astronauts must wear spacesuits in space?
Liu Yang: 4 ?
Interviewer: That’s all. Thank you.
A. I particularly want to know how astronauts sleep in space. B. Besides, astronauts have to go through lots of
mental and physical training.
C. That’s because there is no air to breathe and it can
be cool.
D. you are the first female astronaut to go into space
outside the spacecraft.
答案: 1～4. DBAC【听力材料】
Text 1
W: Have you seen the movie Hangover? We went to see it last night.
M: How was it?
W: Jason thought it was extremely amusing, but I was a bit disappointed. Text 2
M: Susan, I heard you are going to France. How long will you be staying there?
W: A whole year. My aunt lives there. I’m going to do a one-month course at a language school and spend the rest of the time traveling. Text 3
M: Let’s see what drinks you’ve got for the party tonight.
W: Everything, beer, wine, soft drinks like Coke, Seven-up—you name it, I’ve got it. Have you ordered the cake?
M: Of course. Text 4
M: I don’t have a library card. Do I need one?
W: You have to have one—only to take books out. You’re OK if you just sit in one of the rooms reading.
M: Well then, I’ll just read here. Thank you. Text 5
W: I wish I knew the times of the trains to London, but my phone’s out of order.
M: Don’t worry, Grandma. I’ll find out for you on the Internet. 课件70张PPT。Unit 4 Space Exploration
Reading and ThinkingⅠ. 根据语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词
1. take _________ (宇航员) farther into space
2. the selection _________(步骤)
3. ______(精神的) and physical training
4. be _________ (聪明的)enough to get a college degree
5. escape Earth’s _______(重力)astronautprocedurementalintelligentgravity6. make _______ (工具) to carry people
7. _________ (决定) to be a explorer
8. many other ________ (卫星) made by man
9. ______(发射) the satellite
10. _____(沿轨道运行) around the Earth
11. America’s NASA space ______ (专属机构)vehiclesdeterminesatelliteslaunchorbitagency12. transmit ____(数据)
13. make everyone ____________(失望的)
14. the ______(欲望) to explore the universe
15. offer some true ___________ (独立的) advice
16. ______ (标志着) the progress of mankinddatadisappointeddesireindependentsignalⅡ. 选词填空
focus on, carry on, in the hope of, be determined to,
dock with, lead to, on board, make progress
1. People believe in the importance of __________
space exploration. ?
2. There are lots of astronauts from different
countries ________. ?carrying onon board3. Mankind is exploring the space ____________
finding out more about the universe. ?
4. It can ______ an accident that kills everyone on the
large aircraft. ?
5. However, some scientists ________________ help
humans realize their dream. ?in the hope oflead toare determined to6. China launched the Tiangong 2 space lab into space
and Tianzhou 1 to _________it. ?
7. China’s space programme started late, but it has
_____________in a short time. ?
8. At that time the USSR __________sending people
into space. ?dock withmade progressfocused onⅠ. 文本整体理解: 理清文章架构Ⅱ. 文本细节理解: 探寻语篇细节信息
1. Which satellite was launched by the USSR in 1957?
A. Shenzhou 5. B. the Sputnik 1.
C. Voyager 1. D. the USSR’s Soyuz 11. 2. Who was the first person in the world to go into space?
A. Yang Liwei. B. Neil Armstrong.
C. Yuri Gagarin. D. Liu Yang. 3. Who was the first man to orbit Earth in Shenzhou 5 spacecraft?
A. Yang Liwei. B. Zhai Zhigang.
C. Fei Junlong. D. Jing Haipeng. 4. In which satellites all the astronauts died during their missions?
A. The USSR’s Soyuz 11 and America’s Challenger.
B. Chang’e 4 and Jade Rabbit.
C. Challenger and Voyager 1.
D. Shenzhou 5 and Shenzhou 6. 5. What’s the attitude to the space exploration according to the author?
A. Supportive. B. Neutral.
C. Objective. D. Negative.
答案: 1～5. BCAAAⅢ. 文本素养提升: 阅读技能综合运用
1. 根据课文语境与语句知识细致解构语句。译文: _________, 人们总是希望更多地了解太空, _________
_____________________。 仰望星空科学家们也努力工作来找到答案2. 根据课文完成短文
People have always wanted to learn more about
space. Before the mid-20th century, most people felt
(1)_________ (travel) into space was an impossible
dream. However, (2)____ the help of scientists, people
succeeded in realizing their dream (3) _________travellingwithto explore(explore) space. On 4 October 1957, the Sputnik 1
satellite (4) ____________(launch) by the USSR.
(5) ________________ scientists try to make sure
nothing goes wrong, accidents can still happen. These
disasters made everyone (6)____________(disappoint),
but people still believe in the importance of
(7) ________(carry) on space exploration. In 2003, was launchedAlthough/ThoughdisappointedcarryingChina became the third country to (8)_____________
(independent) send humans into space. Then
Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed (9)__ second manned
orbit and the first Chinese spacewalk. In spite of the
difficulties, scientists hope future (10)__________
(discovery) will not only enable us to understand the
universe but also help us survive well into the future. ?independentlyadiscoveries3. 阅读主题活动
(1)What do you think of the space exploration?
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
______?I think it is of great benefit for us. Through furtherstudy of space, people will make full use of it in thefuture. (2)If you are determined to be an astronaut, what
should you prepare at present?
________________________________________
_________________________________________
_______________?First of all, I should study hard to get a relatedcollege degree. Besides, I must keep mental andphysical healthy.【阅读微技巧】1. determine vt. 查明; 确定; 决定
*My aim was first of all to determine what I should do next.
我的目标首先是要确定自己下一步该做什么。*(2019·天津高考)Driven by heaven-knows-what motives, he determines to write a book.
在天知道什么动机的驱使下, 他决定写一本书。
*His enemies are determined to ruin him.
他的敌人决意要毁了他。【语块积累】
(1)determine to do sth. 决心做某事
(2)determined adj. 有决心的, 意志坚定的
be determined to do sth. 下定决心做某事
be determined that. . . 决心……
(3)determination n. 决定, 确定【易混辨析】determine decide resolve settle
(1)determine 指经过深思熟虑, 决心去做某事并坚持施行。
*No matter what you determine to do, I would side with you. 不管你决定做什么, 我都会支持你。 (2)decide侧重指经过思考、比较、讨论或询问之后做出的决定。
*Whatever we decide to do in the school must be good for the students first. 我们在学校里决定要做的任何事情, 都要首先有益于学生。 (3)resolve 语气较强, 强调以坚定不移的信念去做或不做某事, 暗含有远大抱负和坚强决心。
*Let us resolve to do all we can to contribute to a safer environment for journalists and a freer society for all.
让我们竭尽所能, 为记者营造一个更安全的环境, 让所有人拥有一个更自由的社会。 (4)settle指排除犹豫、怀疑和争论之后做出明确的最终结论。
*We haven’t settled how to get there.
我们还没有决定如何到达那里。【即学活用】 (1)用determine的适当形式填空
①The outcome of this election will be __________ by
the votes and by the law.
②Everyone concerned acted with great courage and
_____________.
③We are __________ to rescue his two countrymen. determineddeterminationdetermined(2)(2019·天津高考)We __________________our
training should keep pace with the current
development in education. ?
我们下定决心, 我们的培训应该跟上当下教育的发展。
世纪金榜导学号are determined that2. disappointed adj. 失望的; 沮丧的
*(2018·全国卷Ⅲ) The city was crowded with disappointed people with no interest in settling down.
城市里挤满了失望的人们, 他们不想在这里定居。
*Adamski says he was very disappointed with the mayor’s decision. 阿达姆斯基说他对市长的决定非常失望。*I am disappointed in myself when I think of how much time I’ve wasted. 当想到我浪费了多少时间时, 我对自己感到失望。
*You must be disappointed at losing the chance.
失去这次机会, 你肯定很失望。【语块积累】
(1)be disappointed at 对……失望
be disappointed in sb. 对某人感到失望
(2)disappoint vt. 使失望
(3)disappointment n. 失望; 沮丧
to one’s disappointment 令某人失望的是
(4)disappointing adj. 令人失望的; 令人扫兴的【知识延伸】
(1)现在分词作形容词时通常具有主动关系, 多形容客观事物体现在外的性质, 其修饰对象往往是物, 其意思是: 令人……的。
(2)过去分词作形容词时往往具有被动关系, 多形容人或物的情绪或感受, 其意思是: 感到……。
Thank you for sharing this inspiring story with us.
感谢您与我们分享这个令人鼓舞的故事。 After a conversation with him one would feel inspired and warm at heart. 经过与他的一番交谈, 人们能感受到发自心底的鼓舞与温暖。 【即学活用】语法填空
(1)To my ______________(disappoint), they refused
my request.
(2)We were all disappointed __ the news that our
picnic was cancelled because of the rain.
(3)My parents will be disappointed __ me if I fail to
get the master degree. disappointmentatin(4)The author feels ____________(disappoint) about
the solutions to problem of robocalls. disappointed3. desire n. 渴望; 欲望 vt. 渴望; 期望
*(2019·江苏高考)If you desire physical activities, you can choose activities from swimming to horse riding.
如果你想参加体育运动, 你可以选择从游泳到骑马等活动。
*They desire to help those who are in need of help.
他们渴望帮助那些需要帮助的人。*She desires him to solve this problem.
她渴望他能解决这个问题。
*She desires that he (should) stay with her.
她渴望他跟她待在一起。
*Do you have an intense desire for truth and honesty?
你是否对真相、诚实有极强的渴望? 【语块积累】
(1)desire to do 渴望做……
desire sb. to do 希望某人做……
desire that. . . 希望……(从句中用should do结构, should可以省略)
(2)a desire for sth. 渴望……
(3)desirable adj. 令人满意的; 值得要的
desired adj. 渴望的; 想得到的【即学活用】
(1)She has __________success. ?
她渴望成功。
(2 )The people expressed their desire that the war
____________________soon. ?
人民表达了早日结束战争的愿望。 a desire forshould come to an end(3)What they did achieved _______________. ?
他们所做的取得了预期的效果。 the desired effect4. lack n. 缺乏; 短缺 vt. 没有; 缺乏
*(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)This is what motivation or the lack of it can do.
这就是动机或缺乏动机所能做到的。
*Despite his lack of experience, he got the job.
尽管缺乏经验, 他还是得到了那份工作。 *The charges were dropped for lack of evidence.
由于缺少证据, 起诉被撤销了。
*I think you lack in the power of decision.
我认为你缺乏决断力。 【语块积累】
(1)(a)lack of 没有, 缺乏; 不足, 不够
for lack of 因缺乏……; 因缺少……; 因没有……
lack in=be lacking in 缺少……
(2)lacking adj. 缺乏的; 没有的; 不足的【名师点津】
lack作及物动词时, 不能用于被动语态。形容词lacking不用于名词前。【即学活用】
(1)He ___________courage to do the work. ?
他缺乏做那项工作的勇气。
(2) ____________could put the birds’ health at risk. ?
缺乏睡眠会危害鸟的健康。
(3)They did not close _________customers. ?
他们不是因为缺少顾客才关门的。 is lacking inLack of sleepfor lack of5. On 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space. 1961年4月12日, 尤里·加加林成为世界上第一个进入太空的人。?
【句式解构】
本句中the+序数词+n. +to do 表示第几个做某事的……。不定式所修饰的名词或代词前面常有only, first, last, next或序数词、形容词最高级等修饰。*I am always the first person to get to the office.
我总是第一个到达办公室的人。
*He is always the first to come and the last to leave.
他总是第一个来, 最后一个走。【即学活用】
(1)He is the best person ___________. ?
他是出国的最佳人选。
(2)She is the only woman _________________the key
university. ?
她是唯一被这所重点大学录取的女性。to go abroadto be admitted into6. These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed, but the desire to explore the universe never died. 这些灾难让每个人都感到悲伤和失望, 但探索宇宙的欲望从未消失。?【句式解构】
(1)句中made everyone sad and disappointed是make的复合结构, 即make+宾语+宾语补足语; 其中形容词sad and disappointed作宾语补足语。 (2)make的复合结构如下:
①make sb. do sth. 使/让某人做某事
*Our English teacher often makes us retell the texts.
我们的英语老师经常让我们复述课文。②make sb. /sth. done (过去分词)使某人或某事被……
常用于make oneself known/heard/understood. . .
*It’s too noisy. I can’t make my voice heard.
太吵了, 我不能让别人听到我的声音。③make sb. /sth. doing使某人或某事一直做……
*He makes the boy standing there all the time.
他让那个男孩一直站在那儿。
④make +sb. /sth. +adj. 使某人或某事(变得)……
*She knew that these solutions were not going to make me happy.
她知道这些解决办法不会让我高兴。⑤make +sb. /sth. +n. 让某人或某物成为……
*They all want to make Jim their monitor.
他们都想让吉姆当班长。 【即学活用】
(1)语法填空
①She fears more guns on the streets will make things
_____(bad).
②He raised his voice in order to make himself
__________(understand). worseunderstood(2)Mary tried to _____________________(留我们吃晚
饭). ?
(3)He believes that the system will ________________
______(让他成为一名更好的医生). ? make us stay for suppermake him a betterdoctor【要点拾遗】
1. launch vt. & n. 发射; 发起; 上市
*NASA plans to launch a satellite to study cosmic rays.
美国国家航空航天局计划发射一颗卫星来研究宇宙射线。
*They launched a campaign to restore law and order.
他们发起了一项恢复法律和秩序的运动。 *It is time I launched out on my own.
到了我自己创业的时候了。
*He launched into a lengthy account of his career.
他开始啰啰嗦嗦地讲述自己的工作经历。
*The police have launched an investigation into the incident.
警察已经开始对此事件进行调查。【语块积累】
launch vehicle 运载火箭
product launch 产品发布
launch pad 发射台
launch site 发射场; 发射区
launch date 下水日期; 发行日期; 上市日期
launch into sth. 开始做, 投入
launch out into sth. 开始从事, 投身于【即学活用】
(1)用launch的适当形式填空
①The government ____________an advertising
campaign to encourage people to vote. ?
②When ________, the Macintosh was the smallest
desktop computer ever produced. has launchedlaunched(2)Harrigan launched into a speech about the
importance of new projects.
译: _____________________________________哈里根发表了关于新项目重要性的演讲。2. carry on 继续做, 坚持干
*The assistant carried on talking.
那个助理接着谈了下去。
*Her bravery has given him the will to carry on with his life and his work.
她的勇气给予了他继续生活和工作下去的意愿。*We would rather carry on this experiment than give it up.
我们宁可把这项实验进行下去, 也不愿放弃它。【语块积累】
carry out 进行, 开展, 执行(计划、命令)
carry through 完成; 把……进行到底; 使人渡过难关
carry sb. back 使回想起; 回忆起
carry off 拿走; 夺走【即学活用】 用carry的短语填空
(1)They will ________the experiment regardless of what will
happen. ?
(2)The college team __________all the prizes of the table
tennis. ?
(3)They _________the discussion. ?
(4)His determination _______ him________ the difficulty.
(5)The smell of the sea _______ her _____ to her childhood. carry outcarried offcarried oncarried throughcarriedback【一语闻天下】
1. 3D printer makes meat in space—“It’s one small nibble for man, one giant bite for mankind. ” 3D打印机造出太空人造肉——“这是个人的一小口, 人类的一大口。”2. China launches a Long March 3B carrier rocket to place two Beidou navigation satellites into space at the Xichang Satellite Launch Center in Southwest China’s Sichuan Province, on Sept. 23, 2019.
2019年9月23日, 我国在西南部的四川省西昌卫星发射中心用长征三号乙运载火箭, 成功将两颗北斗导航卫星发射升空。3. Chinese space startup iSpace made history with the successful launch of its SQX-1 Y1 rocket, which is considered a major step for private companies.
中国航天初创企业iSpace成功发射SQX-1 Y1火箭, 创造了历史, 标志着我国私企(在太空探索之路上)迈出了重要一步。4. John B. Goodenough just became the oldest person, at 97, to win a Nobel Prize in 2019.
约翰·古迪纳夫, 97岁, 是2019年为止最年长的诺贝尔奖获得者。课件91张PPT。Unit 4 Space Exploration
Reading for Writing如何写正反观点的议论文
【文本研读】
Ⅰ. 文本整体理解: 快速浏览文章
1. What’s the main idea of the text?
A. Introducing different benefits of exploring space.
B. Introducing the history of exploring space. C. Introducing different opinions about space exploration.
D. Introducing the development of exploring space.
答案: A2. Find out the main idea of each paragraph.
Para. 1: _____________________________________?
Para. 2: ___________________________________
___________________________?
Para. 3: ___________________________________
_______________________________________Different opinions about space exploration.Exploring space has made a difference inthe fight against world hunger.Space exploration has already promotedtechnological improvements that benefit us. ?Para. 4 : ___________________________________
_____________________________________________
_______________________?
Para. 5: ___________________________________
_______________________________?Sending astronauts into space has helpedpeople to think about the world’s problems and evento find ways to solve them.Exploring space provides the world withmany benefits, so it should continue.Ⅱ. 文本细节理解: 关注特色表达
1. What’s the author’s attitude to exploring space?
A. Supportive. B. Objective.
C. Neutral. D. Negative. 2. Which of the following aspects doesn’t the space exploration include?
A. Farming.
B. Technological improvements.
C. Finding other planets to live.
D. Building a healthy body.
答案: 1、2. ADⅢ. 文本梳理【写作指导】
【文体剖析】
通过摆事实, 讲道理, 直接表达作者的观点和主张的文体属于议论文。正反观点类议论文是其中的一种, 通常提出某观点或某话题, 并指出对此话题产生的两种对立观点, 对正反两方面的论点进行论证, 最后给出自己的看法。【话题词汇】
1. result in 导致
2. in closing 最后
3. be opposed to 反对
4. be in favor of 赞成, 支持
5. be widely used 被广泛使用
6. as far as I am concerned 在我看来7. make a difference 起作用, 有影响
8. take . . . into consideration 把……考虑在内
9. some people argue that. . . 一些人主张……
10. on the one hand. . . , on the other hand. . .
一方面……, 另一方面……【话题句式】
1. Different people have different views on space exploration.
不同的人对太空探索有不同的看法。
2. It makes us feel proud of our nation.
它使我们为我们的国家感到自豪。
3. Every coin has two sides. 事物都有两面性。4. Generally speaking, its advantages can be seen as follows.
一般来说, 它的优点如下。
5. Some people firmly believe we benefit a lot from the scientific advancements in many different ways.
有些人坚信, 我们从许多不同方面的科学进步中获益良多。6. Taking all factors into consideration, we may safely come to the conclusion that there are quite a few opportunities in our society.
把所有的因素加以考虑, 我们可以有把握地得出结论: 在我们的社会中存在着相当多的机会。【典题演练】
最近, 你班同学就“太空是否值得探索”这一话题展开了一场讨论。请你根据下表提供的信息, 用英语写一篇短文介绍讨论的情况, 并谈谈自己的看法。
30%的同学认为太空不值得探索。理由:
1. 离我们及我们的日常生活太遥远。2. 浪费金钱。
70%的同学认为太空值得探索。理由:
1. 已使用卫星进行通讯传播、天气预报。
2. 有望解决人口问题。
注意: 1. 词数80左右;
2. 可适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。【谋篇】
【遣词】
1. 进行了一次热烈的讨论 _____________________?
2. 持有不同的观点 __________________
3离……太遥远 __________________?
4. 解决人口问题 __________________________?
5. 在我看来 ____________________?have a heated discussionhold different ideas?too far away from. . .solve the population problemsas far as I’m concerned6. 值得做某事 _____________?
7. 从……中受益 ____________
8. 促进 ________be worth doingbenefit from?promote【造句】
1. 完成句子
(1)最近我们班进行了一次热烈的讨论。
_____________________________________?
(2)讨论的话题是太空是否值得探索。
________________________________________?Recently our class had a heated discussion.The topic is whether space is worth exploring. (3)30%的同学认为不值得探索。
_____________________________________________?
(4)他们认为太空探索离我们及我们的日常生活太遥
远并且浪费金钱。
_____________________________________________
__________________________________________
_______?30% of us think space exploration is not worthwhile.They hold the belief that space exploration is too faraway from us and our daily life and is a waste ofmoney. (5)然而70%的同学认为值得探索。
________________________________________?
(6)我们从中受益很多, 如使用卫星进行通讯传播、天
气预报。
_______________________________________________
____________________________________?However, 70% think space is worth exploring.We have benefited a lot from it, such as using satellitesfor communication and weather forecast. (7)在我看来, 探索太空是值得的。
_____________________________________________
_________?As far as I am concerned, it is worthwhile to explorethe space.2. 句式升级
(8)用whether引导宾语从句, 将(1)(2)句连接起来
_______________________________________________
______________________?Recently our class had a heated discussion on whetherspace is worth exploring. (9)用非谓语动词连接(3)(4)句
_____________________________________________
___________________________________________
__________________________________________
_______?30% of us think space exploration is not worthwhile,holding the belief that space exploration is too faraway from us and our daily life and is a waste ofmoney. (10)用because引导原因状语从句连接(5)(6)句
_______________________________________________
______________________________________________
____________________________________?However, 70% think space is worth exploring becausewe have benefited a lot from it, such as using satellitesfor communication and weather forecast.【成篇】
Recently our class had a heated discussion on whether space is worth exploring. Students hold different ideas about it. ?
30% of us think space exploration is not worthwhile, holding the belief that space exploration is too far away from us and our daily life and is a waste of money. ? However, 70% think space is worth exploring because we have benefited a lot from it, such as using satellites for communication and weather forecast. What’s more, with further space research, we may solve the population problem by moving to other planets one day. ? As far as I am concerned, it is worthwhile to explore the space. Not only can it promote the development of society but also enrich our life. ?1. figure out 弄懂; 弄清楚; 弄明白
*To figure out how much power these devices are using, she tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life. 为了计算出这些设备使用多少电力, 她追踪了每件产品在使用过程中的环境成本。*The medical students have to figure out how to treat the patient.
医学院的学生必须弄清是如何治疗病人。【语块积累】
find out 找出, 查明; 发现, 揭发
work out 解决; 算出; 实现; 制定出; 弄懂; 锻炼【即学活用】
(1)I ________ at a gym or swim twice a week. ?
我每周两次在健身房锻炼或游泳。
(2)We must ______________how to solve the
problem. ?
我们必须想出如何解决这个问题。work outfigure/work out (3)We _________later that we had been at the same
school. ?
后来我们才弄清楚我们是校友。
(4)I haven’t ______ anything ___ about him yet.
我还没有发现有关他的什么情况。 found outfoundout2. argue vt. &vi. 争论; 争辩; 论证
*The boy argued with his teacher about his homework.
那个男孩因为作业与老师争执了起来。
*Don’t argue about this matter any more.
不要再为这件事情进行争论了。*People in that city argue that their city is the most lively city in the world.
那个城市的人们认为他们的城市是世界上最富有生机的城市。
*But there are many people who argue for changing their jobs.
但是有许多赞成换工作的人。*It is very difficult to argue against the use of this drug.
反对这种药物的使用十分困难。【语块积累】
(1)argue with 和……争吵
argue about 因为……争论
argue that 主张, 认为……
argue for 赞成; 支持
argue against 反对; 据理反对
(2)argument n. 争论【名师点津】【即学活用】用argue的相关短语填空
(1)Let’s not ___________money. ?
(2)In this article I will point out some further
explanations, and ________one of them. ?
(3)Listen! I am not going to __________you. ?
(4)He _____________the suggestion. ? argue aboutargue forargue withargued against3. result in导致; 造成
*(2019·北京高考)Positive thinking and action result in success.
积极的思想和行动导致成功。
*(2019·江苏高考)However, they have real impacts, as they result in misguided use of scarce resources.
然而, 它们有实际的影响, 因为它们导致对稀缺资源的错误使用。【语块积累】
result from 由于, 因为
as a result 因此
as a result of. . . 作为……的结果【巧学助记】图解result in与result from【即学活用】用result的相关短语填空
(1)Success ___________hard work. ?
成功来自努力。
(2)The accident __________the death of two
passengers. ?
这次事故造成两名乘客死亡。results fromresulted in (3)(2019·江苏高考)__________, humans can perform
very complex tasks with their hands. ?
因此, 人类可以用手完成非常复杂的任务。
(4)She died ___________ her injuries. ?
她因受伤而死。As a resultas a result of4. run out 用完; 耗尽
*Conditions are getting worse and supplies are running out.
情况越来越糟, 补给也快耗尽了。
*His money soon ran out.
他的钱很快就花完了。*(2019·北京高考)If they run out of certain daily necessities, Wilson will drive to the nearest store and purchase what’s needed.
如果他们用完了某些生活必需品, 威尔逊将开车到最近的商店去购买所需要的东西。【语块积累】
run out of 用完
wear out 用旧, 穿破; 使疲乏【名师点津】区别run out与run out of
run out是不及物短语动词, 其主语通常为时间、食物、金钱等名词; run out of 是及物短语动词, 表示主动含义, 主语一般是人。【熟词生义】
*When the lease ran out, the family moved to
Cleveland.
租赁合同到期后, 这家人搬到了克利夫兰。( )到期【即学活用】
(1)Her money has been _________and her patience is
also running out. ?
她的钱已经用完了, 她的耐心也要耗尽了。
(2)He’s leaving this position, because his term of office
__________. ?
他就要离开这个工作岗位了, 因为他的任期已满。 run out ofhas run out(3)(句型转换)We ran out of time before the party.
→_______________before the party. ?
翻译句子
(4)(2019·天津高考)We’ve all known people who run
out of steam before they reach life’s halfway mark.
译: ___________________________________________
_________Our time ran out我们都知道有些人在到达人生的一半之前就会失去动力。5. attach vt. 系; 绑; 贴
*Please attach these labels to your hand luggage.
请把这些标签系在您的手提行李上。
*I will attach a document to the letter .
我将把文件附在信上。
*He is deeply attached to the old camera.
他非常爱惜那个旧相机。*This middle school is attached to a normal college.
这所中学附属于一所师范学院。
*Parents attach much importance to education.
父母认为教育很重要。【语块积累】
attach. . . to. . . 把……系到/贴到/附在某物上
be attached to 喜欢, 依恋, 附属于
attach(much) importance to. . . 认为……(很)重要【易混辨析】attach, add, fasten三者异同
相同点: 三者都含有“把一件东西或一件事添加于另一件东西或事上”的意义。
不同点: attach表示“多为外形上的结合, 可以连得上去, 也可拆得下来, 还可表示比喻的含义。
add, 可用于有形的和无形的东西
fasten结牢, 拴住, 有形的东西, 有时可与attach互换 【即学活用】
(1)Do you ______________________________English
well? ?
你认为学好英语重要吗?
(2)The little girl ____________her English teacher. ?
这个小女孩非常喜欢她的英语老师。 attach any importance to learningis attached to(3)You had better ______ a recent photograph __
your application form.
你最好在申请表上贴一张近照。 attachto6. Firstly, exploring space has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger. ?
首先, 探索太空已经在与世界饥饿的斗争中发挥了作用。【句式解构】
(1)本句中划线部分exploring space是动名词短语在句中作主语。动名词作主语时, 它已经将动作名词化了, 已把某个动作视为某种活动或是某件事情了, 动作意义很弱, 比较抽象。
*Seeing is believing.
眼见为实。*Reading simplified English novels is an easy and enjoyable way of enlarging our vocabulary.
阅读简写的英文小说是扩大我们词汇量的一种轻松愉快的方法。
*Cheating in an exam ruins one’s character .
考试作弊毁坏人的品格。 (2)动名词作主语时, 也常用“It is. . . ”和“There is. . . ”两种句型。其中“It is. . . ”的句型常用于说明“某种活动或是某件事情是如何的”, 强调事物的性质、特征等。常用于It is后面的词有: no good, no use, useless, a waste, worthwhile, dangerous等等。而句型“There is. . . ”往往用于说明“不允许、禁止某种活动或是某件事情发生或存在”, 类似一种建议或命令。*It is no use waiting for him any longer .
再等他也没有用。
*It is worthwhile consulting your tutor about it again .
很值得再向你的指导老师咨询一下这个问题。
*There is no joking about such matters .
这种事开不得玩笑。 *There is no denying the fact that China has made a rapid progress in every aspect since it was founded .
毋庸置疑, 中国自它成立以来已在各个方面都取得了飞速的发展。
*There is no littering about. 不许乱扔杂物。【名师点津】
(1)当不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句在某个句子中作主语时, 为保持句子结构前后平衡, 避免头重脚轻, 因此常用it作形式主语置于句首, 而将真正的主语放在句尾。此时it只起先行引导作用, 本身无词义。 (2)不定式作主语的动作意义较强, 这种动作往往是“要发生的一次性动作”, 较具体; 动名词短语作主语往往是经常性、习惯性的动作, 此时谓语动词用单数。
*Working with you is a pleasure.
和你一起工作是一件乐事。*He realized that to go on like this was wrong.
他意识到继续这样下去是错误的。
*It takes me ten minutes to get home from my office .
我从办公室回家要花十分钟。 【即学活用】
(1)_________ (collect) stamps is his hobby.
(2)It’s a waste of time __________(quarrel)with him.
(3)Is it worthwhile _______ (argue)with her? Collectingquarrellingarguing(4)(句型转换)Going to bed early is considered to be a
good habit.
→It is considered to be a good habit ___________
_____. ?going to bedearly【要点拾遗】
limited adj. 有限的
*It is a waste of limited resources.
这是对有限资源的一种浪费。
*My life is limited, but learning is limitless.
吾生也有涯, 而知也无涯。 *Don’t take it for granted that natural resources can be used without limit.
不要理所当然地以为自然资源是取之不尽, 用之不竭的! 【语块积累】
(1)limitless adj. 无限制的; 无界限的
limit v. & n. 限制
limitation n. 限制, 能力上的不足
(2)set a limit to. . . 为……设置一个限制/极限
without limit 没有限制, 无极限
(3)limit sth. to 将某物限制在……范围内【即学活用】
(1)单句语法填空
①There is _______ (limit) time to finish the task.
②The organization committee set a limit __ the
number of each delegation.
③I know my __________(limit), so I won’t do the
things beyond my ability. limitedtolimitations(2) (2019·北京高考)With her talent and determination,
it appears that the sky could be the limit for Alice
Moore. 世纪金榜导学号
译: ____________________________________________凭借她的才华和决心, 爱丽丝·摩尔似乎前途无量。【导语】鲁滨逊生活在18世纪的英国, 他为了追求财富, 冒险出海, 最后漂流到一个荒岛上, 在那里他用劳动战胜自然, 用才智克服困难, 征服了一个土人“星期五”, 成为荒岛的主人。这部作品的作者是丹尼尔·笛福, 这部作品是18世纪英国现实主义小说的奠基之作。Man Friday(Chapter 7)
For two years I never went anywhere without my gun. I felt lonely and afraid, and had many sleepless nights. One night there was a very bad storm, and I thought I heard the sound of guns out at sea. The next morning I looked out, and saw a ship. It
was lying on its side not far from the shore. Quickly, I
put my little boat in the water and sailed out to it.
There were two dead men on the ship, but no one alive.
The bodies of the other sailors were lost in the sea. I
took some clothes and tools, and also a box of Spanish gold and silver money. I was a rich man now, but
what use was money to me? I could not buy anything with it. I wanted people, a friend, somebody to talk to. . . somebody who could help me escape from my island. One morning I woke up and made a plan. “I’ll try to catch one of the prisoners of the wild men, ”I said to myself. “He’ll be happy to be alive and perhaps he’ll help me to escape. ”I watched day and night, but for a year and a half there were no boats. Then one day five boats came. There were about
thirty men and they had two prisoners. They made
their fire on the sand and danced round it. Then they
killed one of the prisoners and began to cook their
terrible meal. The second prisoner waited under the
trees, with two men to watch him. Suddenly, theprisoner turned and ran. The two men ran after him, but the other wild men were busy round the fire and did not see what was happening. The prisoner ran like a wild goat, and soon I saw that he was coming near the bottom of my hill. As fast as I could, I ran down the hill and jumped out of the trees between the prisoner and the two wild men. I hit the first man with the wooden end of my gun and he fell down, but I had to shoot the second man. The poor prisoner did not move. He was afraid of the noise of my gun. I called to him and tried to show him that I was friendly. Slowly, he moved nearer to me, but just then the first wild man began to get up from the ground. Then the prisoner spoke and I understood that he wanted my sword. How happy I was to hear words again! I gave him my sword, and at once he cut off the head of his enemy. Hurriedly, we hid the dead bodies under some leaves, and then left quickly. I took my prisoner to my secret cave on the other side of the island and gave him food and drink. After that, he went to sleep. He was a fine young man, about twenty-five years
old, tall and well-built, with a kind face and a nice
smile. He had a brown skin, black hair, bright eyes
and strong white teeth. I decided to give him the name
of ‘Man Friday’, because I first saw him on a Friday.
When he woke up in the morning, he ran out to me. I was milking my goats in the field, and he got down on
the ground and put his head near my foot. I
understood that he was thanking me, and I tried to
show him that I was his friend. I began to teach him to
speak English, and soon he could say his name,
‘Master’, and ‘Yes’ and ‘No’. How good it was to heara man’s voice again! Later that day we went back to
my first house. We went carefully along the beach, but
there were no boats and no wild men. Just blood and
bones all over the sand. I felt ill, but Friday wanted to
eat the pieces of men’s bodies which were still on the
ground. I showed him that this was terrible for me, and he understood. When we got to my house, I gave
Man Friday some trousers, and I made him a coat and a hat. He liked his new clothes very much. Then I made him a little tent to sleep in, but for a few weeks I always took my gun to bed with me.
Perhaps Friday was still a wild man and would try to kill me in the night. 课件2张PPT。Unit 4 Space Exploration 温馨提示：
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单元素养评价(四)Unit 4
(120分钟 150分)
第一部分 听力(共两节, 满分30分)
第一节(共5小题; 每小题1. 5分, 满分7. 5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后, 你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
Text 1
M: ①Lily is going to make a presentation to the class this afternoon, Sophia.
W: Oh, really? I thought it was Michael’s turn.
1. Who will speak at the meeting this afternoon?
A. Lily. B. Sophia. C. Michael.
答案: A
Text 2
M: Hi, Mum. Could you check if I left my report in my room?
W: No, I didn’t find it, Ben. ②Your dad drove you to school this morning; you should ring him up.
2. What will Ben probably do next?
A. Check his room. B. Write his report.
C. Call his father.
答案: C
Text 3
W: Have you got any idea what to buy for Emma’s birthday?
M: Well, I’ll get her a new sharpener, and I’ve promised to take her to the cinema. What about you?
W: Oh, I haven’t decided yet. ③ I’ll probably buy her a new music record as she likes it so much.
3. What gift will the woman probably get for Emma?
A. A music record. B. A sharpener.
C. A movie ticket.
答案: A
Text 4
M: ④ Mary, you’ve told me about your parents. So, are there any other people in your family?
W: Yes. ④ There are still my grandparents and my brother.
M: Oh. You are so lucky to live in such a big family.
4. How many people are there in the woman’s family?
A. Five. B. Six. C. Seven.
答案: B
Text 5
W: National Bank, can I help you?
M: Yes, please. What are your business hours?
W: ⑤We open at 9: 00 am and close at 4: 00 pm during the week, on Saturday we close one hour earlier, and we are closed on Sunday.
5. When does the bank close on Saturday?
A. At 2: 00 pm. B. At 3: 00 pm.
C. At 4: 00 pm.
答案: B
第二节(共15小题; 每小题1. 5分, 满分22. 5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前, 你将有时间阅读各个小题, 每小题5秒钟; 听完后, 各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料, 回答第6、7题。
Text 6
W: We’d like some information, please. We want to go to Spain.
M: OK. What do you want to know?
W: Well, first of all, we want to know the price of a ticket to Madrid.
M: When do you want to go?
W: We really don’t know. In June, or maybe in July.
M: I see. ⑥ ⑦Well, in May and June, the price is $480. But it’s less in March and April.
W: And what about in July?
M: ⑦It’s more in July.
W: More? How much is it then?
M: It’s $525.
6. How much will it cost if a couple goes to Madrid in May?
A. $920. B. $960. C. $1, 050.
答案: B
7. What can you learn from the conversation?
A. Fewer people go to Madrid in July.
B. The man has decided to go to Madrid in April.
C. The price goes up and down in different months.
答案: C
听第7段材料, 回答第8、9题。
Text 7
M: Hello, Nora, I heard about a flat that might interest you girls. It’s near the central bus station on the main road, and about 75 pounds a week, quite reasonable. The problem is, it’s only got two bedrooms, but I expect two of you could share.
W: ⑧Well, I’ve got to have my own room, because I’ve been working at home most of the time, any other information?
M: Yes, ⑨it’s got a very big and well equipped kitchen, and I know you like cooking. So that’s another point in its favor. But there is a small sitting room, and not much furniture yet. So let me know quickly if you want it or it will be taken.
8. What do we know about Nora?
A. She prefers a room of her own.
B. She likes to work with other girls.
C. She lives near the city center.
答案: A
9. What is good about the flat?
A. It has good furniture.
B. It has a big kitchen.
C. It has a large sitting room.
答案: B
听第8段材料, 回答第10～12题。
Text 8
M: Hi, Grandma! I’m calling to say happy birthday. I hope you’re having a good day.
W: Thank you, ⑩ Michael! It’s great to hear from you. It’s been a while since we talked last time.
M: I know, Grandma. I’m sorry. ⑩?I’ve been so busy with school and activities lately. I’m captain of the basketball team this year. And I’m also applying to colleges for next fall.
W: Oh, Michael, I’m so proud of you! You’re a very accomplished young man. Do you know where you want to go to college?
M I really want to go to the University of Southern California, but they might not let me in! It’s a very good school, and it’s very difficult to be accepted there.
W: Well, I’m sure they will take you, honey. You’re a special young man. You’ve really made your grandfather and me so proud.
10. Why does Michael feel sorry?
A. He is having a lot of problems.
B. He forgot his grandmother’s birthday.
C. He hasn’t called his grandmother for a long time.
答案: C
11. What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A. Michael’s birthday.
B. Michael’s grandfather.
C. Michael’s busy schedule.
答案: C
12. How does Michael probably feel about going to college?
A. Confident. B. Worried.
C. Disappointed.
答案: B
听第9段材料, 回答第13～16题。
Text 9
W: I can help the next person in line.
M: That’s me. Hi! ?I need to mail this package.
W: Okay, great. Where is it going?
M It’s going to St. Louis, Missouri. And I need it to get there as fast as possible It’s my mother’s birthday present, and her birthday is tomorrow. I don’t want it to be late.
W: Okay, sir. I can do that. ? We’ll have to deliver it overnight, which will cost extra money. Let’s see. . . it will be $32. 50 to get the package there tomorrow. Will you pay with a credit card or cash?
M: I have cash. And please mark “FRAGILE” on the box.
W: ?What is in here, sir? Is there anything dangerous? Any liquids or chemicals?
M: No, ?there is just a box of chocolates and a cup. But I don’t want the cup to break.
W: Okay, sir. We will have it leaving Atlanta and arriving in St. Louis tomorrow, by way of Memphis. Here’s your receipt, and have a great day!
13. Where does the conversation take place?
A. At a bank. B. At a drugstore.
C. At a post office.
答案: C
14. Where is the man’s mother?
A. In Atlanta. B. In St. Louis.
C. In Memphis.
答案: B
15. Why is there extra cost for the man to pay?
A. He is paying for overnight service.
B. He is paying with a credit card.
C. He has a fragile item.
答案: A
16. What is the man giving to his mother?
A. Some cash.
B. Chocolates and a cup.
C. A box of cookies.
答案: B
听第10段材料, 回答第17～20题。
Text 10
W: Good evening, folks. It’s Mary here with the 7: 00 News Report. In sports news today the New Hampshire State women’s basketball team won their sixth straight game on Saturday over the University of Ohio. This gives New Hampshire State a chance of attending the championships later this year. There was a big lightning storm in Hampton earlier this week. Many residents have been without power since Monday A small earthquake hit the New York area this morning, but luckily, there have been no reports of any injuries. This afternoon, a three-car accident was reported on Highway 10. Two people were rushed to the hospital in an emergency. According to a source at the scene, ?only one person was able to walk away from the crash. In happier news, a dog and her nine puppies were rescued from a pipe in Dover yesterday. They are all alive and well. If you would like to adopt one of the puppies, call the Dover Humane Society at the number listed on the screen The Concord School District is raising money to start their art and music classes again. If you would like to donate, we will get the information to you shortly. Now over to a commercial break. We will return soon with the weather forecast. Keep it tuned right here, everyone!
17. How many games has the New Hampshire State women’s basketball team won continuously?
A. Six games. B. Seven games.
C. Ten games.
答案: A
18. Where was the earthquake?
A. In New Hampshire State. B. In Ohio.
C. In New York.
答案: C
19. What happened in the car accident?
A. Two cars were involved.
B. One person managed to escape injury.
C. Three people were seriously hurt.
答案: B
20. Why is the Concord School District raising money?
A. For classes.
B. For their sports teams.
C. For local dog rescues.
答案: A
第二部分 阅读(共两节, 满分50分)
第一节(共15小题; 每小题2. 5分, 满分37. 5分)
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
There is an ancient Chinese story about a giant man named Kua Fu who chases the sun. He drains (喝干) the Yellow and Wei rivers during his race and finally dies of dehydration(脱水). His failure has reminded people of the unstoppable power of the sun for centuries. And yet, scientists throughout history have tried to better understand the most important star in our sky. On Aug. 12, 2018, NASA launched the Parker Solar Probe(探测器), marking the start of its trip to the sun.
The probe itself is almost as big as a car and needed the help of a powerful rocket to escape Earth’s orbit, change direction and reach the sun. In order to reach the sun, the probe must complete seven flights of Venus, using the power of the planet’s gravity to change its path, sending it toward the sun. But that’s not the only difficult part of the journey. As the probe approaches the sun’s corona(日冕), it will have to bear temperatures reaching 1, 400 ℃, as well as deal with serious radiation. So how will the probe survive?
According to NASA, a special shield (保护罩)has been used, which is a special 11. 5 cm-thick carbon-composite shield that will be positioned between the probe and the sun’s corona. Its advanced technology like this will make the probe’s trip to the sun much smoother. If everything goes as planned, the probe will reach a speed of 692, 018 kilometers per hour as it orbits the sun, setting a new record for the fastest man-made object in history, NBC noted. It will fly close to the sun 24 times between 2018 and 2025, NBC added.
The “mission to touch the sun” will “not only make history by answering questions that have puzzled scientists for decades, but it may also lead to the discovery of new phenomena that are completely unknown to us now, ” Raouafi told Discovery Magazine. “This mission has the potential to push solar research into a new direction, ” he added.
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。古有“夸父逐日”的故事, 自古至今人们一直未停止对太阳的探索。近日, 美国国家航空航天局发射了帕克太阳探索器, 人类“逐日”的梦想终于要实现了。
21. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A. A powerful rocket. B. The probe.
C. Venus. D. The planet’s gravity.
【解析】选B。词义猜测题。根据上文的In order to reach the sun, the probe must complete seven flights of Venus可知, 此处是指利用行星引力的力量改变探测器的路径, 使它朝向太阳, 因此, 此处的it是指probe, 故选B。
22. What do we know about the Parker Solar Probe?
A. It’s the fastest probe ever designed.
B. It has an 11. 5-inch-thick shield.
C. It was designed to carry a powerful rocket.
D. It’s twice the size of a car.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第三段的If everything goes as planned, the probe will reach a speed of 692, 018 kilometers per hour as it orbits the sun, setting a new record for the fastest man-made object in history, NBC noted. 可知, the Parker Solar Probe是曾被设计的最快的探测器, 故选A。
23. The probe will meet the challenges except______. ?
A. the route to the sun
B. the heat near the sun
C. the distance to the sun
D. the radiation from the sun
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第二段的the probe must complete seven flights of Venus, using the power of the planet’s gravity to change its path和As the probe approaches the sun’s corona, it will have to bear temperatures reaching 1, 400℃, as well as deal with serious radiation. 可知, 探测器将会遇到去太阳的路线, 太阳的温度和太阳的辐射的挑战, 但没有到太阳的距离问题, 故选C。
24. What’s the main purpose of the last paragraph?
A. To stress the importance of advanced technology.
B. To prove the mission is the greatest move in human history.
C. To suggest there is a long way to go in solar exploration.
D. To show the mission will fill a gap in solar research.
【解析】选D。目的意图题。根据上文主要介绍了“触日任务”, 再结合本段内容, 尤其是This mission has the potential to push solar research into a new direction. 可推断出, 本段的目的是想证明这一任务将填补太阳能研究的空白, 故选D。
B
“Hello, Earth! Can you hear me? ” That’s the voice more than 400, 000 people received recently. It was from Philae, a space vehicle that landed on a comet in 2014. However, its transmissions (传送信号) back home went silent since then.
It took a long time for Philae to make its way across the solar system and reach comet 67P/C-G. The space vehicle got there aboard the Rosetta probe (探测器), which has been circling around the comet since Philae separated from it in November, 2014.
Philae’s job was to collect materials to study the comet’s composition. And for about two and a half days after landing, it did just that, sending the information back to scientists on Earth. But Philae’s landing on the comet’s icy surface had not been smooth. While touching down, it jumped up and ended up in the shadow of something like a huge rock. Philae runs on solar power, but there was no light in the place where it landed. In the end, it failed to work.
However, as comet 67P/C-G moved closer to the sun, more sunlight reached the space vehicle, allowing it to power up and come back online. Philae then sent something to Rosetta, which passed on the information back to Earth.
“We only received the information for about 85 seconds, but that’s enough to let us know it is alive and well, ” says Stephan Ulamec, who works for the European Space Agency. “We hope to work out where it landed exactly on the 4-kilometer-wide comet. Now we plan to change how Rosetta moves so that Philae can keep on communicating and receiving instructions. ”
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲了彗星着陆器在登陆彗星失联后又获重生的太空探索故事。
25. Hearing Philae’s voice, those people must have felt ______. ?
A. afraid B. calm C. excited D. worried
【解析】选C。推理判断题。由第一段中的“Philae. . . landed on a comet in 2014. However, its transmissions back home went silent since then. ”可知, Philae于2014年着陆彗星后就失联了, 所以当人们再次听到它传来的声音时一定很兴奋, 故选C项。
26. According to the text, Philae ______. ?
A. was damaged when it landed
B. moved around comet 67P/C-G
C. needs light and gas to keep working
D. helps scientists learn about a comet
【解析】选D。细节理解题。由第三段首句“Philae’s job was to collect materials to study the comet’s composition. ”可知, Philae的任务是帮助科学家们了解一颗彗星的相关情况, 故选D项。
27. What Stephan says in the text suggests that ______. ?
A. Rosetta will move around another comet
B. Philae will continue to work for scientists
C. most comets are as wide as four kilometers
D. he wonders whether Philae is still alive
【解析】选B。细节理解题。由最后一段尾句“Now we plan to change how Rosetta moves so that Philae can keep on communicating and receiving instructions. ”可知, Philae将会继续为科学家们服务, 故选B项。
C
Of all the planets, none has captured the world’s imagination like the Mars. Its reddish color and changes in brightness over time make the planet an unforgettable sight.
In Cosmos, the television science series from the 1980s, scientist Carl Sagan talked about some traditional ideas about the Mars. Some of these ideas are from the English science fiction writer H. G. Wells’ The War of the Worlds. Others are from the mistaken science of Percival Lowell, the American astronomer who believed intelligent beings lived on the Mars. Wells described Martians as threatening. Lowell imagined them as the hopeful engineers of great works. Carl Sagan said that both ideas influenced the public deeply.
Today, the Mars continues to excite humans—not as the object of science fiction but of scientific study. Space scientists have collected a wealth of information from spacecraft that have orbited, landed on and dug into the Martian surface.
The Smithsonian’s “Mars Day” offered a chance for people of all ages to touch the Mars, or at least a piece of it. Allison and Alycia from Silver Spring, Maryland, brought their children, Grace, Sam, Ryan and Emma. They heard about the Mars and its geology from experts. They could see a test version of the Viking landers that reached the Mars in July of 1976. They also saw meteorites (陨星) known to have come from the red, or reddish planet. Eight-year-old Sam learned that the ancient description of the Mars as red is not exactly right. He said, “It’s actually orangish more than red and it’s also kind of brown, too. ” Emma is six. She learned about the volcanic activity that has shaped the surface of the Mars. She said, “The closest thing to the Mars—the stuff—is from volcanoes mostly. ”
“Mars Day” offered Allison and Alycia’s children a chance to learn more about a world that they are very likely to set foot on within their lifetimes.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文, 在火星日人们可以有机会对火星有更好的了解和认识。
28. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?
A. Why Martians were considered threatening.
B. Why the Mars has captured the world’s imagination.
C. What people generally thought of the Mars in the past.
D. How H. G. Wells got the idea for his science fiction.
【解析】选C。段落大意题。通读第二段可知, 这一段主要是讲人们关于火星的一些传统认识, 故选C。
29. It is implied in Paragraph 3 that______. ?
A. today’s space scientists still know nothing about the Mars
B. today’s space scientists are very interested in the Mars
C. science fiction films are no longer set in the Mars
D. space scientists haven’t made any progress in knowing the Mars
【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Today, the Mars continues to excite humans—not as the object of science fiction but of scientific study. Space scientists have collected a wealth of information . . . ”可推断, 现在的航天科学家们对火星很感兴趣。故选B。
30. Sam would probably agree that______. ?
A. the Mars is not really red
B. no meteorites have come from the Mars
C. the Mars cannot be described as a little brown
D. the ancient description of the Mars’ color is true
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第四段“He said, ‘It’s actually orangish more than red and it’s also kind of brown, too. ’”可知, Sam认为火星并不是红色的, 而是橘黄色甚至带点褐色。故选A。
31. How soon does the author think that humans will set foot on the Mars?
A. He thinks it may happen this year.
B. He thinks it will always remain a dream.
C. He thinks it will come true within hundreds of years.
D. He thinks it may happen in the following decades.
【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据末段中的“a world that they are very likely to set foot on within their lifetimes”可推知, 作者认为人类在接下来的几十年内就有可能登上火星。故选D。
D
In Kansas City, Missouri, a computer helps firefighters. The computer, which works very fast, has information about all the 350, 000 street addresses in the city. Within two or three seconds after a call is received, the computer provides necessary information for the firefighters. The information is then sent to them by radio from the computer centre in the City Hall. The exact place of the burning building and its size, type and any other details are clear to them.
The Kansas City computer system also has a medical record of each of the city’s 900 firefighters. This kind of information is especially useful when a firefighter is injured. With the information, doctors at hospital can treat the injured firefighters more quickly and easily.
The firefighters themselves greatly appreciate the computer’s help. They know about possible danger ahead of them and can prepare for it. Many times the computer information helps to save lives and property(财产). Sometimes the lives are those of firefighters themselves.
Mike Horan, a firefighter captain, says, “I feel as if the computer is ready to help me if I get hurt. ”
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。主要讲的是在堪萨斯州, 电脑不仅能够帮助消防员快速准确地灭火, 电脑里各个消防员的病例更能帮助医生快速正确地治疗受伤的消防员。
32. Which of the following is the best title of the text?
A. Large Computers in Kansas, Missouri
B. The Computer Helps Firefighters
C. Important Information for Firefighters
D. The Speed of the Computer
【解析】选B。主旨大意题。本题要求选择最合适的标题, 做这种题目时, 一般应在首段或者尾段找答案。由文章第一句话In Kansas City, Missouri, a computer helps firefighters. 可知, 这篇文章主要是讲电脑帮助消防员的事情, 故B项正确。
33. What is the best way if you want to know the information about the street addresses in Kansas?
A. To ask the firefighter.
B. To ask the policeman.
C. To use the computer.
D. To use the map.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。由文章第二句话The computer, which works very fast, has information about all the 350, 000 street addresses in the city. 可知, 电脑工作迅速, 且掌握了堪萨斯州350 000条街道的信息。所以, 如果你想要了解这些街道的信息, 最好的方式便是通过电脑了解。故C项正确。
34. The firefighters can get information about a burning place which is sent by______. ?
A. radio B. computer
C. the City Hall D. the centre of the city
【解析】选A。细节理解题。由文章第一段倒数第二句话The information is then sent to them by radio from the computer centre in the City Hall. 可知, 电脑通过收音机将街道的信息发送给消防员, 故A项正确。
35. Why can doctors treat the injured firefighters quickly and easily?
A. The hospital has a very good computer.
B. The firefighters can know about possible danger early.
C. The computer can prepare everything for them.
D. Medical records in the computer help them a lot.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。由文章第二段尤其是最后一句话With the information, doctors at hospital can treat the injured firefighters more quickly and easily. 可知, 医生能够快速和容易地治疗受伤的消防员, 是由于电脑里有这些消防员的病例。故D项正确。
第二节(共5小题; 每小题2. 5分, 满分12. 5分)
阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Planning a trip abroad with your family or friends this summer vacation? Here are a few travel tips about travel abroad do’s and don’ts to keep you safe.
·If you want to make your trip safe and easy, plan ahead. 36 . The less you have to carry around, the more quickly you can move. Besides, planning ahead will save your time and make sure you don’t miss best things. ?
· 37 . No one wants bad things to happen but you’ll feel better when you’re ready for them if they do. When you travel abroad, you are in a place you don’t know well and you can always be a target, especially your valuables. Don’t keep large amounts of cash in your wallet. ?
38 . Also, take copies of your travel documents with you and leave your passport and other important documents in the hotel. ?
·Nothing ruins a trip faster than the unexpected crisis. 39 . It will insure yourself against unexpected accidents, so it is necessary to buy the insurance. But you need to be careful about the items in the contract (合同), so that you know what you are and are not covered for when you book travel insurance. ?
·While enjoying the moment in the bar, be cautious and keep an eye on your drink at all times. Besides, being on holidays doesn’t mean you have the right to do what you want. 40 . Keep these tips in mind and make the most of your time. Have fun with family and friends and explore and enjoy your time away. ?
A. Take more in any case
B. Expect the unexpected
C. Don’t leave your hotel alone
D. Take the necessities with you
E. Don’t forget to buy the travel insurance
F. Be respectful and don’t do anything illegal
G. Try putting smaller notes in several different pockets
【文章大意】本文为应用文。主要介绍了在国外旅游需要做的事情和不能做的事情。
36. 【解析】选D。考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。根据空后一句“The less you have to carry around, the more quickly you can move”可知, 因为你带的东西越少, 走得越快。由此可推断出“只带必要的东西”, 分析选项可知D(只随身携带必需品)符合题意, 故选D。
37. 【解析】选B。考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。根据空后一句“No one wants bad things to happen but you’ll feel better when you’re ready for them if they do ”, 可知, 没有人希望不好的事发生, 但如果你有准备(有预测)的话, (不好的事发生时)就会感觉好一点, 可知, 要预测意想不到的事情。分析选项可知B项(Expect the unexpected)符合题意, 故选B。
38. 【解析】选G。考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。根据上一段最后一句“Don’t keep large amounts of cash in your wallet”可知, 不要把大量的现金放在你的钱包里, 也就是“要把少量的钞票放入不同的口袋里”, 故选G项。
39. 【解析】选E。考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。根据空后一句“It will insure yourself against unexpected accidents, so it is necessary to buy the insurance”可知, 它(旅游保险)会为你防止意外事故, 所以有必要购买保险。分析选项可知E项(Don’t forget to buy the travel insurance)意为“别忘记买旅游保险”。E项不仅符合题意, 还与本段有词的复现(travel insurance), 故选E。
40. 【解析】选F。考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。根据空前的一句“being on holidays doesn’t mean you have the right to do what you want. ”可知, 不要做非法的事情。分析选项可知F项(尊重他人, 不要做任何违法的事情)符合题意, 故选F。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节, 满分30分)
第一节(共15小题; 每小题1分, 满分15分)
阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
A wise man was passing through a city. While he was walking, he 41 a coin on the road. He picked it up. Despite his simple life, he was satisfied and he had no use of that coin. So, he planned to donate it. 42 , throughout the day he didn’t find such a person. Finally, he reached the 43 area and spent a night there. ?
Next morning, he 44 and was told that a king was going for his invasion of another state with his army. When the king saw the wise man, he 45 his army to stop. He came to the wise man and said, “I am going to beat another 46 . Thus, my state can be 47 . So bless me to be victorious”. ?
After 48 , the wise man gave the coin to the king! The king was confused with this because he is already one of the richest kings! He 49 asked, “What’s the meaning? ”?
The wise man explained, “I found this coin yesterday in your 50 . But I had no use. So I had 51 that I would donate it. I walked around till the evening, but found no one to donate it to. ?
Everyone was living a 52 life. It seemed that they were satisfied with what they had. But today, the king of this state, still has the desire to 53 more and is not satisfied with what he already has. I feel you are 54 this coin. ”?
The king realized his 55 and gave up the planned war. ?
【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。文中讲述了一位不满足现状的国王在智者的点拨下, 意识到自己的错误, 放弃了计划中的战争。
41. A. noticed B. lost C. spent D. dropped
【解析】选A。考查动词辨析。noticed注意; lost丢失; spent花费; dropped投下。句意: 当他走路的时候, 他注意到路上有一枚硬币。由“He picked it up. ”可知, 他捡了起来, 所以他注意到路上有一枚硬币, 才会捡起来。故选A。
42. A. Thus B. Besides C. However D. Therefore
【解析】选C。考查副词辨析。thus因此; besides此外; however然而; therefore因此。句意: 然而, 他一整天都没有找到需要这枚硬币的人。由“ he didn’t find such a person”可知, 前后语意转折。故选C。
43. A. dining B. waiting C. walking D. resting
【解析】选D。考查动名词辨析。dining进餐; waiting等待; walking步行; resting休息。句意: 最后, 他到了休息区, 在那里过了一夜。由“spent a night there”可知, 他到了休息区。故选D。
44. A. woke up B. looked up
C. stayed up D. dressed up
【解析】选A。考查动词短语辨析。woke up醒来; looked up抬头看; stayed up熬夜; dressed up打扮。句意: 第二天早上, 他醒来, 被告知一个国王将要带着他的军队入侵另一个国家。由“Next morning”可知, 他醒来, 被告知一个国王将要带着他的军队入侵另一个国家。故选A。
45. A. hoped B. allowed C. ordered D. advised
【解析】选C。考查动词辨析。hoped希望; allowed允许; ordered命令; advised建议。句意: 第二天早上, 他醒来, 被告知一个国王将要带着他的军队入侵另一个国家。国王看到了智者就命令军队停了下来。order sb. to do sth. “命令某人做某事”符合句意。故选C。
46. A. tribe B. state C. city D. king
【解析】选B。考查名词辨析。tribe部落; state国家; city城市; king国王。由上文“ his invasion of another state with his army”, 可知, 国王亲口告诉智者, 自己要去攻打另一个国家, 故选B。
47. A. expanded B. respected
C. developed D. blamed
【解析】选A。考查动词辨析。expanded扩大; respected尊重; developed发展; blamed责备。句意: 他来到智者面前说: “我要打败另一个国家。因此, 我的国家的疆土就可以扩大了。根据常识可以判断出, 打仗是为了扩大本国的疆土。故选A。
48. A. consulting B. thinking
C. chatting D. bargaining
【解析】选B。考查动词辨析。consulting咨询; thinking想; chatting聊天; bargaining讨价还价。句意: 智者想了想, 把硬币给了国王。故选B。
49. A. nervously B. curiously
C. eagerly D. angrily
【解析】选B。考查副词辨析。nervously紧张地; curiously好奇地; eagerly渴望地; angrily生气地。句意: 他好奇地问: “这是什么意思? 。国王很好奇, 智者为什么会给他一枚小小的硬币。故选B。
50. A. city B. palace C. house D. backyard
【解析】选A。考查名词辨析。city城市; palace宫殿; house房子; backyard后院。句意: 智者解释说: “我昨天在你的城市里发现了这枚硬币”。由上文“through a city. ”可知, 智者在叙述捡硬币的地点。故选A。
51. A. agreed B. announced
C. informed D. decided
【解析】选D。考查动词辨析。agreed同意; announced宣布; informed告知; decided决定。句意: 所以我已经决定要把它捐出去。由上文“he planned”可知, 智者已经决定要把它捐出去。故选D。
52. A. happy B. hard C. convenient D. different
【解析】选A。考查形容词辨析。happy快乐的; hard困难的; convenient方便的; different不同的。句意: 每个人都过着幸福的生活。由“ but found no one to donate it to. ”可知, 智者并没有找到需要硬币的人。那是因为每个人都过着幸福的生活, 不要这枚小小的硬币。故选A。
53. A. defend B. gain C. earn D. borrow
【解析】选B。考查动词辨析。defend防御; gain获得; earn赚钱; borrow借。句意: 但是今天, 这个国家的国王, 仍然要获得更多的东西, 并不满足于他已经拥有的。由“ is not satisfied with ”可知, 国王, 仍然要获得更多的东西。故选B。
54. A. in possession of B. in search of
C. in need of D. in charge of
【解析】选C。考查介词短语辨析。in possession of拥有; in search of搜查; in need of需要; in charge of负责。句意: 我觉得你需要这枚硬币。智者觉得国王最需要这枚硬币。故选C。
55. A. achievement B. dream
C. existence D. mistake
【解析】选D。考查名词辨析。achievement成就; dream梦想; existence 存在; mistake错误。句意: 国王意识到自己的错误, 放弃了计划中的战争。由“ gave up the planned war. ”可知, 国王意识到自己的错误, 所以放弃了计划中的战争。故选D。
第二节(共10小题; 每小题1. 5分, 满分15分)
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
(2019·榆林高一检测)
In science fiction, space 56. ________(describe) as a silent, empty place but things are different. In fact, all of the equipment 57. ________(use) to keep a space station functioning can be so noisy 58. ________the astronauts working there cannot talk with one another 59. ________ (easy)—they have to shout. The high levels of sound may affect their work, and can sometimes even mean that they are
60. ________(able) to sleep. In addition, they must face other problems in space. Scientists have found over 70, 000 items of rubbish 61. ________still remain in orbit (轨道) around the earth. Most of them are 62. ________(small) than a tennis ball, but they still threaten (威胁) the 63. ________(safe) of exploring in space. Even a small piece of metal could cause a terrible disaster if it hit a manned spacecraft. Although generally astronauts do make an effort 64. ________(bring) most of their rubbish home, they don’t always manage it. And they don’t just leave their rubbish in space either. There is even a broken camera behind on 65. ________moon. ?
【文章大意】本文介绍了太空中有很多噪音, 以至于在那里工作的宇航员彼此之间不能容易地交谈, 有时甚至意味着他们不能睡觉, 并且太空中还有许多太空垃圾。
56. 【解析】is described。考查时态和语态。space与describe之间是被动关系, 用被动语态, 表示经常或反复发生的事情, 用一般现在时。综上所述, 应该使用一般现在时的被动语态, 故填is described。
57. 【解析】used。考查非谓语动词。all of the equipment与use之间是被动关系, 所以用过去分词作定语, 故填used。
58. 【解析】that。考查固定用法。所有的使太空站运行的设备都太吵闹了, 以至于在那里工作的宇航员彼此之间不能容易地交谈。so. . . that如此……以至于, 是固定用法, 故填that。
59. 【解析】easily。考查副词。修饰动词短语talk with用副词, 所以填easily。
60. 【解析】unable。考查形容词。有时甚至意味着他们不能睡觉。作be动词后的表语, 用形容词, 故填unable。
61. 【解析】that/which。考查定语从句。________still remain in orbit around the earth 是一个定语从句, 修饰先行词items of rubbish, 关系词在从句中作主语, 指物, 故填that/which。?
62. 【解析】smaller。考查比较级。由than a tennis ball可判断这里需要使用比较级, 故填smaller。
63. 【解析】safety。考查名词。作threaten的宾语, 所以用名词, 填safety。
64. 【解析】to bring。考查固定用法。make an effort to do sth. 努力做某事, 是固定用法, 故填to bring。
65. 【解析】the。考查冠词。表示世界上独一无二的事物, 用定冠词。故填the。
第四部分 写作(共两节, 满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
上周你们班对于中学生上网进行了讨论。请你以“Going Online”为题, 阐述讨论的情况, 并谈谈自己的看法。词数80个左右。
赞同者的观点
反对者的观点
能丰富知识, 了解国内外新闻; 有利于学习英语, 能结交很多朋友
上网玩游戏影响学习, 而且对视力有害, 易受不良信息的影响
你的观点是什么?
参考词汇:
at home and abroad在国内外; influence影响
___________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________【参考范文】
Going Online
Last week, our class had a hot discussion about going online for middle school students. Different people have different opinions. Some students are in favor of it. First, it can enrich our knowledge and make us know the latest news at home and abroad. Second, there are many learning materials on the Internet which are useful for us to learn English. Moreover, we can make many friends online.
However, other students don’t think so. Some students play computer games instead of studying their lessons, which will influence their study. What’s worse, surfing on the Internet too often can be bad for our eyes. Besides, it’s easy for us to make bad friends and be influenced to do stupid things.
In my opinion, we should go online properly. We should concentrate on the good things. Make it a tool to help us.
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面短文, 根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Recently, I told my 7-year-old grandson that I wouldn’t get to see him for a week because I was going away on business. He knows I often travel, but the “business” part caught his attention.
“Can’t you write your articles at your house? ” he asked. He knows I write some articles each week. “I’m not writing on this trip, ” I said. “I’m speaking; it’s part of my job. ”
For many years, my children knew me as simply their mother.
In kindergarten (幼儿园), when asked to tell his class about his family, my oldest child said, “My dad teaches chemistry and coaches basketball. And my mom drives us to his games. ”
My own mother worked as a waitress to put food on the table and second-hand shoes on our feet. I was proud of all she did, but I loved her most for being my mother.
The best way to think of someone is never by their job description; it’s a celebration of the reasons why they’re loved and the ways they make the world a better place.
My children lost their father to cancer when they were just becoming adults. They admired him greatly as a teacher and a coach. But they loved him most for simply being their dad.
We are defined (界 定 ) not only by our job, but also how we treat people we work with and deal with along the way.
I’m thankful for my job. But I’d like to be known to my family and friends and myself for the reasons that they love me and the ways I try to make their world a better place.
___________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________【参考范文】
Possible Version 1:
My grandson and I had a conversation about my recent job. (要点1)It set me thinking about how my husband and I were known to my children. I also thought about what kind of impression my mother made on me. (要点2)My conclusion is that people should be described in the way they treat others rather than by the job they do. (要点3)
Possible Version 2:
Lately, my grandson and I had a conversation about my job. (要点1)It led me to think about how we were thought of by others. I thought about the roles of myself, my mother and my husband. (要点2)In my opinion, we shouldn’t just be defined by the job we do every day, but by the way we love and treat others. (要点3)
【方法技巧】
1. 本篇写作任务是概要写作。具体写作思路如下:
第1步: 根据提示可知, 本文要求概述一篇哲理性短文并发表自己的看法, 内容必须涵盖三个要点: ① 最近“我”遇到的事情; ②此事带给“我”的思考; ③“我”的观点或结论。
第2步: 列出提纲, 确定要点, 用自己熟悉的词汇及句式。根据第①、②个要点可知, 叙述自己遇到的事情以及事后我的思考, 应该用一般过去时; 根据第③个要点, 阐述“我”的观点, 则应该用一般现在时。
第3步: 连句成文, 注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡。书写一定要规范清晰, 保持卷面的整洁美观。
2. 范文中使用了较多高级句式。
(1)It set me thinking about how my husband and I were known to my children.
分析: how引导宾语从句。
句意: 这让我想起了我和我的丈夫是如何为我的孩子们所了解的。
(2)My conclusion is that people should be described in the way they treat others rather than by the job they do.
分析: that引导表语从句; they treat others为省略了关系词的定语从句。
句意: 我的结论是, 应该以人们对待别人的方式来描述他们, 而不是用其所做的工作来描述他们。
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综合素养提升
四 Unit 4 Space Exploration
Ⅰ. 根据汉语提示写出单词
1. If not, you can try to repeat the procedure (程序)until you have all of them.
2. It affects the librarian’s job satisfaction and mental (精神的) health.
3. I know we might have to wait at the frontier(边界).
4. She was so determined(下定决心的) not to do this that she moved to Australia.
5. This morning’s launch (发射) of the space shuttle Columbia has been delayed. ?
6. I doubt whether they really have sufficient(足够的) manpower.
7. What recreational facilities (设施) are now available?
8. I felt a current (气流) of cool air blowing in my face.
9. I’m not that shallow(肤浅的).
10. She’s a mysterious(谜一般的, 神秘的)lady.
Ⅱ. 根据汉语提示写出正确的短语
1. He was determined to (下定决心) leave two days later. ?
2. I desire to see you(渴望见到你). ?
3. The teacher carried on(继续) talking. ?
4. We should do something together at weekends so as to (为了) strengthen our relationship. ?
5. He cannot do the work for lack of (因为缺乏) skills. ?
6. We must figure out (弄清楚; 想出) the solution to the problem. ?
7. The strike results in(导致) the confusion. ?
8. As a result(结果), he decided to leave the company. ?
9. Her time and money ran out(用完) yesterday. ?
10. They attached importance to (认为……重要) learning English well. ?
Ⅲ. 完成句子
1. The fact is that he is old enough to go to school. ?
事实就是他已经到了去上学的年龄。
2. I am filled with the desire to go back home. ?
我心中充满了回家的渴望。
3. It is good to be curious about the world around you. ?
对你周围的世界感到好奇是件好事。
4. We should do our best to study the lessons so as to get good results. ?
为了获得好成绩, 我们应尽最大努力学好课程。
5. Her encouragement determined me to carry on the work. ?
她的鼓励使我决心把这项工作继续做下去。
6. He’s trying to figure out a way to solve the problem. ?
他正在努力想办法解决这个问题。
Ⅳ. 阅读理解
(2019·福州高一检测)
No human has set foot on the Moon since 1972. Now, after more than four decades of inactivity, interest in putting humans back on the Moon is finally heating up again. But who will get there first?
CHINA
On 14 December 2013, China successfully landed its Jade Rabbit rover(探测车)on the Moon. It is now working on its next exploration mission. Named Chang’e 4, the mission is scheduled to touch down in the Aitken Basin near the end of 2018. If successful, it will be the first landing on the Moon’s far side.
RUSSIA
Russia plans a manned Moon landing in 2030. It is currently working on a project whose idea is that the landers will explore the south pole of the Moon, exploring for resources such as minerals and water ice to be used to provide for a human outpost(前哨站).
INDIA
Following the success of its Chandrayaan-1 in 2008, India announced a follow-on mission. Chandrayaan-2 was meant to cooperate with Russia. But when the Russians failed to deliver the promised lander in 2013, India decided to go it alone. Chandrayaan-2 is about to be sent up in 2018.
U. S. A.
In December 2018, NASA plans to send up the Exploration Mission 1, an uncrewed test of their Orion astronaut capsule in which the craft will circle around the Moon before returning to Earth. All being well, a crewed capsule will follow in 2023. Should the mission prove a success, the astronauts will be the first humans to see the far side of the Moon with their own eyes since Apollo 17 in 1972.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文, 主要介绍了中国、俄罗斯、印度和美国的登月计划。
1. What will China do in its next space mission?
A. Improve its Jade Rabbit rover.
B. Work with other countries.
C. Land Chang’e 4 on the Moon.
D. Explore the south pole of the Moon.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第二段第三句可知, 嫦娥四号将在2018年底降落在月球Aitken Basin地区。据此可知, 中国的下一步空间计划是嫦娥四号登月, 故C项正确。
2. Why did India try to carry out its follow-on mission alone?
A. It couldn’t find a partner.
B. It didn’t get the lander as planned.
C. The Russians refused to work with India.
D. It planned to launch Chandrayaan-2 in advance.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第四段第三句可知, 由于俄罗斯没能给印度提供着陆器, 因此印度决定自己实施登月计划, 故B项正确。
3. Which country is interested in resources on the Moon?
A. Russia. B. China. C. India. D. U. S. A.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知, 当前俄罗斯正启动一项工程, 其思路是登陆器将探索月球的南极, 寻找矿物质和水冰等资源以供人类前哨站使用。故A项正确。
4. What can we know from the text?
A. Russia has built a human outpost on the Moon.
B. China will be the first to see the far side of the Moon.
C. U. S. A. will send a crewed capsule to the Moon in the future.
D. Humans have kept active in exploring the Moon since 1972.
【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第五段第二句可知, 如果一切顺利, 美国将于2023年发送载人太空舱登月。据此可知, 美国将在未来实施载人登月计划, 故C项正确。
Ⅴ. 语法填空
The computer is widely used in our daily life. The computer is a machine that
1. ________(design) to help people do many things. When it first came into
2. (be), it was just a calculating machine, and later it was built as an analytical machine that could “think” logically and produce an answer 3. ________(fast) than any other person. Still later, the computer could be made to work as a “universal machine” to solve any difficult mathematical problems. There were times when its size was 4. (total) changed. It became smaller and smaller but it got cleverer and cleverer. In the early 1960s, computers were connected by network and brought into common people’s homes 5. (deal) with information and help communication 6. people around the world. It could share
7. ________(inform) with others and they could talk to each other. The Internet has become 8. ________important part in our life and we can do many things with the help of the Internet. The computer is used to connect people 9. ________aren’t close enough to speak to each other. It has been serving the human race since
10. ________(it) birth. ?
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了计算机的发展历史。
1. 【解析】was designed。考查时态和语态。that ______to help people do many things. 是一个定语从句, 先行词是a machine, a machine与design之间是被动关系, 用被动语态, 表示发生在过去的事情, 用一般过去时, 所以填was designed。?
2. 【解析】being。考查固定短语。句意: 当它刚出现的时候, 它只是一台计算机。come into being产生, 该短语是固定短语, 所以填being。
3. 【解析】faster。考查比较级。根据than any other person可知用比较级, 所以填faster。
4. 【解析】totally。考查副词。该空修饰动词changed, 用副词, 所以填totally。
5. 【解析】to deal。考查动词不定式。句意: 在20世纪60年代早期, 计算机通过网络连接起来, 并被带进普通人的家里来处理信息, 帮助世界各地的人们进行交流。作目的状语, 用不定式, 所以填to deal。
6. 【解析】between。考查介词。句意: 在20世纪60年代早期, 计算机通过网络连接起来, 并被带进普通人的家里来处理信息, 帮助世界各地的人们进行交流。文中表示“在……之间”, 所以填between。
7. 【解析】information。考查名词。句意: 它可以与他人分享信息, 他们可以互相交谈。该空作share的宾语, 用名词, 所以填information。
8. 【解析】an。考查冠词。句意: 互联网已经成为我们生活中一个重要的部分, 在互联网的帮助下, 我们可以做很多事情。文中泛指“一个重要的部分”, important的首字母发音是元音, 所以填不定冠词an。
9. 【解析】who/that。考查定语从句。______aren’t close enough to speak to each other. 是一个定语从句, 先行词是people, 关系词在从句中作主语, 指人, 所以填who/that。?
10. 【解析】its。考查代词。句意: 它自诞生以来就一直在为人类服务。文中表示“它的诞生”, 用形容词性物主代词, 所以填its。
Ⅵ. 微写作
如今, 越来越多的学生带手机上学, 这已经引起了人们的广泛关注。请你根据下表所提供的信息, 写一篇80词左右的短文, 反映这一现象并发表自己的观点。
大多数学生的观点
部分老师及家长的观点
1. 便于和父母及朋友联系
2. 增加乐趣, 丰富学生的生活
1. 分散注意力, 不能集中精力学习
2. 花费高
你的观点是什么?
核心要点提示:
1. in favor of
2. keep in touch
3. concentrate on
4. spend too much money on. . .
___________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
Today, more and more students go to school with mobile phones. Many students are in favor of it. Firstly, it is easier for them to keep in touch with their parents and friends. Secondly, mobile phones will make their lives more colorful, because students are under too much pressure.
However, some teachers and parents don’t think so. They believe it will make it hard for students to concentrate on their lessons, and they often spend too much money on phone calls and sending messages.
In my opinion, they can do that. It is really of great help, especially when they are in danger. Students can take mobile phones to school as long as they use them properly.
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课时检测·素养达标
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. He came to show(show) me his new science book. ?
2. Our English teacher has many ways to make(make) her class interesting. ?
3. The doctors are busy doing what they can to save (save) the dying man. ?
4. The old man was too angry to say(say) a word. ?
5. He got up early to catch(catch) the bus. ?
6. He hurried to the station to see Tom off, only to find (find) he had already left. ?
7. He has a lot of work to do(do) every weekend. ?
8. They are looking for a room to live(live) in. ?
9. I have no chance to go (go) sightseeing with so much work to do. ?
10. He put his photos on it for everyone to look (look) at. ?
Ⅱ. 根据提示完成句子
1. He is the teacher to teach us English next term. ?
他是下学期教我们英语的老师。
2. I have nothing to say on this question. ?
我对这问题没什么可说的。
3. The whole family went to beach to spend their weekend. ?
全家人去海滩度周末。
4. We shall be very happy to cooperate with you in the project. ?
我们将很高兴在这个项目上与你合作。
5. The next plane to arrive is from New York. ?
下一班到达的飞机来自纽约。
6. He is always the first to come to and last to leave the office. ?
他总是第一个到办公室, 最后一个离开。
7. There are enough chairs for the guests to sit on. ?
有足够的椅子给客人坐。
8. We are delighted to know that you’re going to visit us next month. ?
很高兴得知你下个月要来看我们。
9. The tea is too hot to drink. ?
这茶太热了, 不能喝。
10. He lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet. ?
他搬起石头结果砸到了自己的脚。
李华正在和同学张青谈论他的宇航员梦想, 请根据语境和提示完成对话。
Zhang: I 1. am delighted to know (很高兴得知)you are interested in the space exploration. ?
Li: Indeed, I’d like to be an astronaut in the future.
Zhang: Sounds good. 2. To become an astronaut(要想成为一名宇航员), you need to satisfy the requirements of a qualified astronaut. ?
Li: Yes. First of all, I should study hard 3. to get a related college degree(为了得到一个相关的大学学位). Besides, I must take exercise every day 4. to keep healthy(来保持健康). ?
Zhang: Exactly. Have you heard Yang Liwei, who is the first man in China 5. to go into space (进入太空), went through lots of mental and physical training. ?
Li: Of course. He is really a hero. He realized our dream 6. to explore space(探索太空). ?
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课时检测·素养达标
Ⅰ. 根据语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词
1. Police insist that Michael did not follow the correct procedure(程序) in applying for a visa.
2. Susan’s a very bright and intelligent(聪明的) woman who knows her own mind.
3. It wasn’t difficult then to cross the frontier(国界).
4. I want to have an all-electric vehicle(车辆) in my lifetime.
5. They are hoping to learn more about how the universe (宇宙)expands and shrinks.
6. Is there any other travel agency(代理处, 服务机构) near here?
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1. I live in the hope of meeting with him; but this meeting is not yet. ?
我活在与他相见的希望中, 但这相见的时间还未到来。
2. He was the last person to express his opinion among us. ?
他是我们中最后一个发表意见的人。
3. As soon as we went on board, our ship left port. ?
我们一上船, 船就出港了。
4. We will carry on our discussion tomorrow. ?
我们明天将继续讨论。
5. Unfair bosses and rude staff make us unhappy. ?
不公正的老板和粗鲁的店员让我们不愉快。
Ⅲ. 结合课文主题, 使用本单元词汇与句型写一篇50词左右的短文
1. 人们一直梦想着探索太空( explore space), 然而一些人认为到太空旅行( travelling into space )是不可能的。
2. 经过多次的实验之后, 苏联在1957年成功地发射了第一颗卫星(launch the first satellite)。尤里·加加林在1961年成为第一个登上太空的人(the first person to go into space)。
3. 因此(as a result), 人类探索太空的梦想得以实现。
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
People have always dreamed of exploring space. However, some people thought travelling into space was impossible. After many experiments, the USSR succeeded in launching the first satellite in 1957. In 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person to go into space. As a result, humans realise their dream to go into space. ?
The topic: Do We Need Space Exploration?
Pros:
People have benefited from many new products of space exploration, such as weather and communication satellites.
We have acquired scientific knowledge about outer space in the process of space exploration.
. . .
Cons:
It costs billions of dollars to carry on the space research, but a little information was brought back.
As a developing country, China is supposed to make efforts to solve other social problems.
. . .
What is your view on this topic? Why?
Your opinion: It is necessary for us to explore space. ?
The reason: Firstly, many new products of space exploration have benefited people all over the world, such as weather and communication satellites. What’s more, scientific knowledge about outer space has been acquired by mankind. ?
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课时检测·素养达标
Ⅰ. 根据语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词
1. Three large globes(地球仪) stand on the floor.
2. This can be fatal(致命的) for them.
3. Put the milk in a shallow(浅的) dish.
4. Do you like the pattern(图案)?
5. The heart monitor (监视器)shows low levels of consciousness.
6. The doctor told me to take the medicine regularly(定期地)three times a day.
7. We should save every drop of our resource(资源).
8. Our time and money are limited(有限的).
9. The source of the gunshots still remains a mystery(谜).
10. We attach(粘贴) labels to things before we file them away.
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1. The pollution of the river has resulted in unsafe drinking water. ?
河流的污染导致饮用水不安全。
2. As a result, I finally succeeded . ?
结果, 我最终成功了。
3. We cannot just run out of money six months later. ?
我们不能在六个月后就把钱花光。
4. In closing, Class of 2002, we would like to leave you with some words of wisdom . ?
2002届的同学们, 最后, 我们将留给你们一些至理名言。
5. He himself provided for such a big family by selling newspapers. ?
他靠卖报纸养活了这么一个大家庭。
Ⅲ. 应用文写作
假定最近你们班进行了一次题为“保护文化遗产是否很重要”的讨论。根据以下要点用英语向大家介绍一下讨论结果, 并谈谈你自己的看法。
1. 80%的学生认为重要及其理由。
2. 20%的学生认为不重要及其理由。
注意: 1. 词数80左右;
2. 可适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
Recently our class had a heated discussion about whether it is important to protect the cultural heritage. We hold different views on it.
80% of us think it important to protect the cultural heritage. They believe that the cultural heritage is a symbol of splendid ancient civilization which can make us feel proud of our nation. However, the others don’t think so, arguing that protecting the cultural heritage cannot promote the development of society; or rather, it is a waste of time and money.
In my opinion, it’s our duty to take more effective measures to protect our cultural heritage and we can benefit a lot from the cultural and historical inspirations it conveys.
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课时素养评价
十 Unit 4 Reading and Thinking
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. He is determined(determine)to stay for a long time.
2. A satellite has been launched(launch) to learn more about space.
3. I was disappointed (disappoint)that John was not there.
4. Your desire for success leaves a deep impression on me.
5. While we live in the school dormitory, we have to live independently(independent).
6. She was forced to live a simple life because of lack of money.
7. How do astronauts (astronaut) do exercise in the space?
8. I think you are mentally(mental) tired.
9. She signaled (signal) us that everything was all right .
10. I thought he was very attractive and obviously very intelligent (intelligence).
Ⅱ. 根据汉语提示用短语完成句子
1. Sending people into space(把人送入太空) is not an easy goal to achieve. ?
2. We have made great progress(取得很大的进步)in the area of space exploration in recent years. ?
3. She decided to help him despite the difficulties(尽管存在困难). ?
4. They are determined to go abroad(下定决心出国). ?
5. The activity not only broadens our horizons but also enables us to understand our life better(不但……而且……). ?
6. Mo Yan is the first Chinese to win the Nobel Prize(第一个获得诺贝尔奖的中国人). ?
7. After he left, I just tried to carry on(继续)as normal. ?
8. Have the passengers gone on board(上船)? ?
9. They have come to the North Africa in the hope of finding treasure(怀着寻宝的希望). ?
10. An Olympic gold medal can lead to(带来, 导致) untold riches for an athlete. ?
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
A
(2019·临沂高一检测)
Sitting under the national flag and separated from the media by a transparent glass wall, 50-year-old Jing Haipeng and 37-year-old Chen Dong appeared calm as they prepare to be part of, what is scheduled to be, China’s longest-ever manned spaceflight mission.
The two were scheduled to spend a total of 33 days in orbit. This would be the 3rd trip into space for veteran Chinese astronaut Jing Haipeng. He has been on the Shenzhou-7 mission in 2008 and the Shenzhou-9 mission in 2012. The mission’s commander was also part of docking missions (太空对接任务) on both his previous space flights, giving him the experience needed to help dock Shenzhou-11 with Tiangong-2. Jing Haipeng said, “With the past 18 years of intensive professional astronaut training, together with the two previous experiences I’ve had flying in space, I’m very confident and determined that this mission is going to be a great success. Personally, I’m much calmer and in a more positive head-space than I was during my previous missions. I’m very proud to be here to greet our country. I know my confidence is shared with the rest of our entire space program. ”
With an unblemished flight record of 15 hundred hours as a pilot, 37-year-old Chen Dong was chosen in 2010 to be part of the next generation of Chinese astronauts. He too said he was confident of heading into the mission, even though it would be his first time in space. “I have the chance to join my first mission after 6 years of intensive training and learning. For me, the timing is perfect—not too early, but not too late either. When we train, Jing is my teacher. In life, he is my brother. He is so dedicated, and demands only the best from me and the others that he works with. Because of his experience, I am very lucky to be paired with him on this mission into space. ”After being put into orbit, Jing Haipeng and Chen Dong were going to conduct a series of experiments, including testing the latest in China’s advanced life support systems, as well as scientific research.
Wu Ping, deputy director of China’s Manned Space Program, explains the role of the two astronauts in space. “During their mission, the two are essentially back-ups to one-another. They are both capable of piloting the spacecraft, complex management, manual docking as well as handling any emergency situations or malfunctions (故障). While in orbit, they are going to complete a number of maneuvers (演习) with Shenzhou-11, as well as orbital experiments, demonstrations and tests on human health in space. ”
【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道, 报道了神舟十一号太空飞船成功将50岁的景海鹏和37岁的陈冬两位宇航员送入太空。
1. From what Jing Haipeng said we can infer______. ?
A. previous experience matters a lot
B. the mission’s commander helped him
C. the Shenzhou-7 mission is to be docked with the Shenzhou-9
D. he lacked confidence during the previous launching
【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第二段中的With the past 18 years of intensive professional astronaut training, together with the two previous experiences I’ve had flying in space, I’m very confident and determined that this mission is going to be a great success. 可知, 有了过去十八年的高强度专业宇航员训练以及他之前的两次太空飞行经历, 景海鹏有信心也坚信这次任务将会圆满成功。由此可以推断出过往的经验至关重要。故选A。
2. The underlined word “unblemished” in Paragraph 3 can be replaced by“______”. ?
A. continuous B. surprising
C. perfect D. significant
【解析】选C。词义猜测题。根据第三段中的With an unblemished flight record of 15 hundred hours as a pilot, 37-year-old Chen Dong was chosen in 2010 to be part of the next generation of Chinese astronauts. 可推知, 有安全完美的飞行记录, 才可能被选为宇航员。continuous持续的; surprising令人惊讶的; perfect完美的; significant重大的。故选C。
3. What made Chen Dong a qualified astronaut?
A. His confidence of heading into the mission.
B. His intensive training and learning.
C. His luck to be paired with Jing Haipeng.
D. His experience of conducting a series of experiments.
【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第三段中的I have the chance to join my first mission after 6 years of intensive training and learning. 可知, 经过六年的高强度训练和学习, 陈冬终于有机会执行他的第一次太空任务。故选B。
4. Where would you most probably see the text?
A. In a newspaper.
B. In a science journal.
C. In a travel magazine.
D. In a government document.
【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第一段Sitting under the national flag and separated from the media by a transparent glass wall, 50-year-old Jing Haipeng and 37-year-old Chen Dong appeared calm as they prepare to be part of, what is scheduled to be, China’s longest-ever manned spaceflight mission. 可知, 50岁的景海鹏和37岁的陈冬坐在国旗下方, 与媒体仅一堵透明玻璃墙之隔, 看上去气定神闲, 他们即将展开中国史上持续时间最长的载人飞行任务。由此可推断出本文最有可能出自报纸上的新闻报道。故选A。
【阅读多维训练】
1. I have the chance to join my first mission after 6 years of intensive training and learning.
分析: have the chance to do sth. 表示“有机会做某事”。
译文: 经过六年的高强度训练和学习, 我有机会执行我的第一个任务。
2. With the past 18 years of intensive professional astronaut training, together with the two previous experiences I’ve had flying in space, I’m very confident and determined that this mission is going to be a great success.
分析: together with连接两个并列宾语; I’ve had flying in space为省略了引导词that的定语从句; that this mission is going to be a great success为that引导的宾语从句。
译文: 在过去的十八年里, 我接受了高强度的专业宇航员训练, 再加上我之前的两次太空飞行经历, 我非常有信心也坚信这次任务一定会取得圆满成功。
3. Match the main idea of each paragraph.
Para. 1____ A. Wu Ping explains the role of the two astronauts in space. ?
Para. 2 ? B. Jing Haipeng and Chen Dong will begin China’s longest-ever manned spaceflight mission.
Para. 3 ? C. Introduction about Jing Haipeng
Para. 4 ? D. Introduction about Chen Dong
答案: BCDA
B
(2019·临川高一检测)
The sky is a large place, and though it has been carefully examined for centuries, new features still turn up. Last March it was the rule of Uranus(天王星), and last week astronomers announced what may turn out to be a new planet, though a very small one, in the solar system.
The object was first sighted last month by Charles Kowal, an astronomer at the Hale Observatories in Pasadena, Calif. Mr Kowal observed a faint trail of light on photographic plates, indicating that something was moving in relation to the background of stars. Other observers have confirmed the discovery.
The “mini-planet”, identified for the time being as “Object-Kowal”, appears to be about 1. 5 billion miles away, between the orbit of Saturn and Uranus, and its diameter(直径) has been estimated at between 100 and 400 miles. Its orbit has not been determined yet, but if the orbit proves to be roughly circular, like that of the major planets, the new object would probably take 66 to 70 years to make a circuit of the sun.
Some astronomers have speculated that Mr Kowal’s discovery may be the first indication of an asteroid(小行星) belt beyond Saturn.
【文章大意】本文介绍了目前在太阳系新发现的一颗疑似小行星的天体。
5. What may have been found in the solar system according to the first paragraph?
A. A small new planet. B. A new solar system.
C. A large new object. D. A large new planet.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知, 在太阳系中新发现了一颗疑似小行星的天体。故选A。
6. What can we learn from the second paragraph?
A. What the object is like.
B. How the object was found.
C. Where the astronomers live.
D. Why the object was moving.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知, 天文学家Charles Kowal在照相底片上观察到了一条淡淡的光亮路径, 指出有东西在相关的恒星后面移动, 其他观察者也证实了这一发现, 所以第二段主要讲述了该行星是如何被发现的。故选B。
7. What magazine might this passage be taken from?
A. Astronomy. B. Industry.
C. Spaceflight. D. Agriculture.
【解析】选A。文章出处题。根据全文可知, 本文主要介绍了目前在太阳系新发现的一颗疑似小行星的天体, 这类文章最可能出自与天文学相关的杂志上。故选A。
Ⅱ. 阅读填句
根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Tips for procrastinators (拖延者)
You manage to finish and hand the project in on time, but you feel exhausted. Then, your teacher says, “Get ready. We will start the test in 5 minutes. ” 1 ?
Many of us are guilty of delaying doing what we should do. At the same time, we might risk missing a deadline and not getting a good mark. It is also very stressful. Here are some tips for procrastinators on how to get your work done ahead of time.
Create a to-do list. Creating a list will help organize your work and ideas while keeping you on track. 2 Keep it up to date by checking off completed tasks as you go along. This will keep you focused and orderly. ?
3 Chances are, you won’t be able to get a lot of work done when you’re tired. Finding a time of day when you are full of energy will get you to be more productive. ?
Choose reliable study partners. Working with study partners will encourage you to complete the task at hand and ensure that you remain focused. 4 ?
Divide the work into smaller parts. Procrastination is often a reaction to feeling overwhelmed(无法对付的). Dividing work into smaller parts will make it easy to handle. 5 You will find your ability and be more likely to finish what you need to do. ?
Hopefully these tips will help you do away with the stressful, last-minute efforts of a procrastinator.
A. Work when you’re feeling energetic.
B. Remind yourself to turn off all the devices.
C. You forgot that there’s also an examination today.
D. Try to encourage yourself to stick to your work plan.
E. Deal with your tasks a bit at a time instead of wasting time wondering where to start.
F. Put the tasks that you feel less confident about or are likely to avoid on the top of the list.
G. You know that others are relying on you and they think that you deserve trust and are responsible.
【文章大意】本文是说明文。我们许多人都有拖延的毛病, 文中作者给出了几点克服拖延的建议。
1. 【解析】选C。考查上下文的衔接。上文叙述精疲力竭时老师说5分钟后有考试, 下句介绍我们许多人都有拖延做我们该做的事的毛病。C项: 你忘了今天还有考试, 承上启下。故选C。
2. 【解析】选F。考查上下文的理解。本段建议我们可以通过创建待办事项清单来克服拖延症, F项: 把你觉得不太自信或可能会避免的任务放在最前面, 这是列清单的注意事项, 符合本段内容。故选F。
3. 【解析】选A。考查主旨大意的提炼。本段建议我们每天找一个精力充沛的时间做事会更有效率。A项: 当你精力充沛的时候工作, 符合本段内容, 概括了本段主旨。故选A。
4. 【解析】选G。考查上下文的理解。本段建议我们选择可靠的学习伙伴, 这有助于你保持专注。G项: 你知道别人都在依赖你, 他们认为你值得信任、是负责任的, 顺承上句, 这是你专注的原因。故选G。
5. 【解析】选E。考查上下文的衔接。本段建议把工作分成几个小部分去做, 分散任务更容易完成, 还能增加你的自信。E项: 一次处理一点你的任务, 而不是浪费时间考虑从哪里开始, 符合本段内容。故选E。
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课时素养评价
十一 Unit 4 Discovering Useful Structures
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. There are many kinds of recreational facilities(facility) in our school.
2. They had sufficient(sufficiency) food to sustain life.
3. While sleeping, astronauts must attach themselves to something to prevent floating(float) around.
4. She solved the problem in an intelligent (intelligence) way. ?
5. Yet, they are not as universal (universe)as we think.
6. What can go around the earth without rockets(rocket)?
7. John Glenn, the American who first orbited(orbit) the Earth, was welcomed with 3, 529 tonnes of ticker tape when he got back.
8. But I want to be strong and independent(independence) one day.
9. Keeping your muscles(muscle) strong helps you to avoid back problems.
10. He leaped (leap)forward and caught the ball.
Ⅱ. 根据汉语提示用短语完成句子
1. Make sure that your boss know you are keen to (热衷做某事)be promoted. ?
2. This course will describe each of the planets in our solar system(太阳系). ?
3. You should recognize the current situation(当前的形势). ?
4. The scenery on the top is beyond description(难以描述). ?
5. She studied hard in the hope of(怀着……的希望)being admitted into the key university. ?
6. They desired to visit their teacher(渴望去拜访他们的老师). ?
7. Only by working hard can we succeed in doing everything(成功做好每件事). ?
8. Make sure(确保) that you find the answers to these questions from them. ?
9. It makes you want to watch the next episode to find out(弄明白) what’s going to happen. ?
10. I worked hard only to fail(结果竟然失败了)at last. ?
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
(2019·长沙高一检测)
A new study suggests that dark markings on the planet Mars represent sand—not water. The research in 2015 suggested that lines on some Martian hills were evidence of water. Yet American scientists now say these lines appear more like dry, flows of sand. If water is present, it is likely to be a small amount. Water in liquid form would be necessary for microbial(微生物的) life.
NASA, the American space agency, said more research is needed. Michael Meyer is the lead scientist for NASA’s Mars exploration programme. He noted that the latest study does not reject the presence of water. But he admitted, “It just may not be as exciting as the idea of rivers going down the sides of cliffs(悬崖). ”
The new findings come from a team led by Colin Dundas of the United States Geological Survey. His team measured 151 of these lines in 10 areas. Most of the lines end with slopes between 28 degrees and 35 degrees. These measurements are similar to active sand dunes(沙丘) on both Mars and Earth. A small covering of dust that moves and sometimes becomes lighter might help explain the markings. They usually appear in the Martian summertime, and then disappear until the next year. If these lines are dry, this suggests that recent Mars has not had large volumes of liquid water. Dundas and his research team say that many questions remain.
“I still think that Mars has a great potential for having had life early on in its history, ” Meyer said. “As long as that’s true, we also have a reasonable possibility of life still being on Mars. It just happens to be cryptic or well hidden. ”
NASA currently has no robotic vehicle—either on Mars or in development—with the ability to climb steep slopes. The lack of such equipment has engineers coming up with ideas like Martian helicopters or planes without pilots.
【文章大意】本文主要讲述了美国科学家的一项新的研究发现: 火星上黑色的标记是沙子而不是水。
1. What do American scientists find on Mars now according to their study?
A. A lot of little life. B. An amount of water.
C. Some Martian hills. D. Dark markings are sand.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知, 科学家发现火星上的黑色标记是沙子不是水。故选D。
2. When do the markings come out?
A. In Martian spring. B. In Martian summer.
C. In Martian autumn. D. In Martian winter.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第三段倒数第三句可知, 这样的标记会出现在火星的夏季。故选B。
3. What’s Meyer’s opinion about having life on Mars?
A. Doubtful. B. Trustful.
C. Indifferent. D. Objective.
【解析】选B。观点态度题。根据第四段内容可推知, Meyer还是相信火星上有生命。故选B。
4. What does the underlined word “cryptic” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A. Undiscovered. B. Strange.
C. Magical. D. Icy.
【解析】选A。词义猜测题。根据句中的or well hidden可知, cryptic的意思是“隐藏的; 没被发现的”。故选A。
Ⅱ. 完形填空
阅读下面短文, 掌握其大意, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项。
Tom came from France. It was his first visit to England, and he was looking forward to his first journey on London’s Underground Railway. And against his friends’ 1 , he was determined to travel 2 . ?
He entered the station shortly after five o’clock in the afternoon. This is a 3 time to travel in London, 4 crowds of people go home from work at this hour. He 5 to join a long line of people waiting for tickets. When at last his 6 came, he had some difficulty in making himself understood by the ticket seller. 7 , he got the right ticket in the end and by asking people the way, he also found the right platform (月台). It was 8 with people. ?
Unfortunately, he did not 9 to get on the first train, but he was able to move nearer to the platform so as to be in a better 10 to get on the next one. When this train came in, Tom was 11 forward onto the train by the push of people from behind. The doors closed and the train moved off. He was unable to see the 12 of the stations where the train 13 but he knew that the station he wanted was the sixth stop along the line. When the train reached the sixth station, Tom got off, feeling 14 that his journey had been so easy. But he suddenly realized that he had come to a station he had never 15 . He explained his trouble to a man who was standing on the platform. With a smile on his face, he told Tom that he had caught a train going in the opposite(相反的) direction. ?
【文章大意】本文记叙了Tom决定不听从朋友的建议, 独自去伦敦游玩, 途中经历重重困难, 结果还坐错了车的故事。
1. A. thought B. advice C. relation D. favour
【解析】选B。考查名词辨析。 thought想法; advice建议; relation关系; favour帮忙。结合上下文可知, 这是Tom 第一次去伦敦玩, 他盼望着伦敦的地铁之旅, 所以没有听朋友的建议(advice), 决定单独行动。故选B。
2. A. along B. abroad C. alone D. away
【解析】选C。考查副词辨析。along一起; abroad在国外; alone独自; away离去。Tom 盼望着伦敦的地铁之旅, 所以没有听朋友的建议, 决定单独(alone)行动。故选C。
3. A. short B. terrible C. possible D. certain
【解析】选B。考查形容词辨析。short短的; terrible糟糕的; possible可能的; certain必然的。Tom 在五点后上的地铁, 这是一个糟糕的(terrible)出行时间, 因为赶上了下班的晚高峰。故选B。
4. A. but B. and C. so D. because
【解析】选D。考查连词辨析。but但是; and并且; so因此; because因为。结合上下文可知, 下午五点不适合坐地铁, 因为(because)很多人在这个时间下班回家。故选D。
5. A. planned B. hoped C. expected D. had
【解析】选D。考查动词辨析。planned计划; hoped希望; expected期待; had不得不。因为赶上晚高峰, 所以 Tom 不得不(have to)排长队等着买票。故选D。
6. A. turn B. time C. chance D. luck
【解析】选A。考查名词辨析。turn轮次; time时间; chance机会; luck运气。结合上下文可知, 好不容易轮到(turn)Tom 买票了, 他却发现他听不懂售票员说什么。故选A。
7. A. Besides B. Instead
C. However D. Hopefully
【解析】选C。考查副词辨析。Besides除此之外; Instead反而; However然而; Hopefully有希望地。结合下文可知, Tom 听不懂售票员说什么, 然而(however)他最后还是买对票了。故选C。
8. A. seized B. caught C. covered D. crowded
【解析】选D。考查词语辨析。seized 逮捕; caught抓住; covered覆盖; crowded拥挤。结合上下文可知, 月台上挤满(crowded)了人, 所以 Tom 没能上去。故选D。
9. A. agree B. try C. manage D. expect
【解析】选C。考查动词辨析。agree同意; try尝试; manage成功(做成); expect期待。结合下文 “ to get on the next one” 可知, 第一班地铁里挤满了人, 所以 Tom 没有成功(manage)挤上去, 要等下一班地铁。故选C。
10. A. position B. state C. situation D. seat
【解析】选A。考查名词辨析。position位置; state状况; situation情况; seat座位。结合上下文可知, Tom 虽然没能挤上第一班地铁, 但是他往前移动了一些, 这样就有了好位置(position)能挤上下一班地铁了。故选A。
11. A. swept B. fought C. took D. brought
【解析】选A。考查动词辨析。swept 打扫, 横扫; fought战斗; took带走; brought带来。结合上下文可知, 第二班地铁来了之后, Tom 直接被后面的人横扫(sweep)到车里了。故选A。
12. A. signs B. names C. points D. numbers
【解析】选B。考查名词辨析。signs标志; names名字; points要点; numbers数字。Tom 被人群挤上了车, 他还没来得及看各站的名称(name), 但是他知道是要去第六站。故选B。
13. A. left B. moved C. started D. stopped
【解析】选D。考查动词辨析。left留下; moved 移动; started开始; stopped停下。结合上下文可知, Tom 被人群挤上了车, 他还没来得及看那些会停车(stop)地的站名。故选D。
14. A. sick B. pleased C. sorry D. tired
【解析】选B。考查形容词辨析。sick病的; pleased高兴的; sorry抱歉的; tired疲惫的。Tom 在第六站下了车, 感到很高兴(pleased), 因为他的旅程是如此容易。故选B。
15. A. talked about B. heard of
C. thought of D. arrived at
【解析】选B。考查动词短语辨析。talked about谈论; heard of听说; thought of想出; arrived at到达。结合下文 “ he had caught a train going in the opposite direction” 可知, Tom 并没有到他要去的那个站, 而是到了一个没听说过(hear of)的站。故选B。
Ⅲ. 语法填空
(2019·深圳高一检测)
I once found that helping someone could get you into a lot of trouble.
I was in the 1. ________(nine) grade at the time, and we were having a final test. During the test, the girl 2. ________(sit) next to me whispered something, but I didn’t understand. Finally I found that she was trying to ask me 3. ________I had an extra pen. She showed me that 4. ________(her) was out of ink and would not write. I happened to have an extra one, so I put it on her desk. ?
Later, after the test papers had been turned in, the teacher 5. ________(ask) me to stay in the room when all the other students were dismissed. As soon as we were alone she began to talk to me about how important it was 6. ________(stand) on my own two 7. ________(foot) and be responsible for my own acts. For a long time, she talked about honesty and emphasized the fact that 8. ________people do something dishonest, they are really cheating themselves. She made me promise that I would think 9. ________(serious) about all the things she had said, and then she told me I could leave. I walked out of the room wondering why she had chosen to talk to me
10. ________all those things. ?
Later on, I found out that she thought I had cheated in the test.
【文章大意】考试中一同学向我借笔, 老师误以为考试作弊对我进行了教育。
1. 【解析】ninth。考查序数词。此处指“九年级”, 定冠词the修饰序数词, 故填ninth。
2. 【解析】sitting。考查现在分词。句中谓语是whispered, 现在分词作定语指坐在我旁边的女孩, 故填sitting。
3. 【解析】if/whether。考查宾语从句。句意: 我发现她问我是否有多余的笔。根据动词ask和语境可知填“是否”if/whether。
4. 【解析】hers。考查代词。此处指“她的笔”, 相当于her pen, 应用名词性物主代词, 故填hers。
5. 【解析】asked。考查动词时态。全文讲述的是过去发生的事, 谓语动词用一般过去时。故填asked。
6. 【解析】to stand。考查动词不定式。句中it是形式主语, 不定式作真正的主语。故填to stand。
7. 【解析】feet。考查名词复数。此处由two修饰, 即指“两只脚”, 应用foot的复数形式。故填feet。
8. 【解析】when。考查连词。分析句意可知, 当人们做一些不诚实的事情时, 他们实际上是在欺骗自己。故填when。
9. 【解析】seriously。考查副词。此处修饰动词think要用副词, 指“认真地想”。故填seriously。
10. 【解析】about。考查介词。分析句意可知, 我不知道为什么老师和我谈论这么多关于作弊的事情。故填about。
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课时素养评价
十二 Unit 4 Reading for Writing
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. You should do it regularly(regular).
2. I limit myself to three cups of beer a day.
3. She attached a stamp to the envelope.
4. They provided some necessary support for the sufferers.
5. So from the global (globe) perspective, it is very important.
6. He gave up without argument(argue).
7. There are many kinds of resources(resource) like coal, tungsten, oil, and copper.
8. How much would you spend on sport products?
9. I have found the solution to this problem.
10. I provide him with all his rights.
Ⅱ. 根据汉语提示用短语完成句子
1. Reading English aloud in the morning will do you a lot of good . ?
早晨大声朗读英文会给你带来许多好处。
2. I don’t know whether to accept or refuse the offer. ?
我不知道是接受还是拒绝这个提议。
3. It is no good learning without practice. ?
学而不实践是没好处的。
4. As long as you do your best, you never fail to get what you want. ?
只要你竭尽全力, 一定能够得到你想要的。
5. All of us can make a difference to our society. ?
我们所有人都会对我们的社会产生影响。
6. So every one of us has the duty to fight against fake commodities for our society and for ourselves. ?
因此, 为了我们的社会, 也为了我们自己, 我们每个人都有责任与伪劣产品作斗争。
7. As you will see from my resume, I meet the requirements for the position. ?
正如您从我的简历中看到的, 我符合这个职位的要求。
8. In closing, I am very grateful to you for your timely help. ?
最后, 我非常感谢你的及时帮助。
9. It rained heavily yesterday. As a result, the train was delayed. ?
昨天下大雨了。所以, 火车延误了。
10. It took them almost five years to finish building the dam. ?
建完大坝花了他们几乎五年的时间。
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
A
The sun is going to expand into the orbit of Mercury according to scientific calculations, which will result in the entire Earth catching on fire. Who will save the world?
This imaginative tale is at the heart of the latest Chinese sci-fi movie The Wandering Earth. Unlike many American space-themed films where the solution to a disaster Earth faces is always fleeing (逃离) the planet in spaceships, this time we’re taking the Earth with us. The film, which has made it the country’s most successful film of all time, has offered a different and more ambitious idea. ?
The “ambition” didn’t come from nowhere. For thousands of years, “homeland” has had a soft spot in the hearts and minds of Chinese people. One old idiom that shows a strong feeling that Chinese people have had for their homeland is “luoyeguigen”, which means returning to one’s homeland in old age, like fallen leaves returning to the roots of their tree.
“What is Chinese sci-fi? ” Guo Fan, the film’s director, said in an interview. “A vehicle that really expresses our cultural and spiritual core (核 心 ) can be called Chinese sci-fi. Otherwise, we’re just following others and telling the same Hollywood stories. ”
And the makers of The Wandering Earth may have chosen the best time to tell its Chinese sci-fi story. The film was released on Feb 5, the first day of Chinese New Year. It was a time when many people had just made the hard journey back to their hometowns. So to them, there is only one possible way to tell the story: Earth goes wherever humans go, because it’s our home.
【文章大意】本文介绍了中国最新科幻电影《流浪地球》在中国科幻电影史上具有深远影响。与许多美国太空主题电影不同, 在这部电影中, 地球面临灾难时的解决方案是乘坐宇宙飞船和地球一起逃离, 这和以前的观点是不同的。
1. The main purpose of the opening paragraph is to______. ?
A. give a brief account of the film
B. warn people of the coming threat
C. explore ways to avoid the disaster
D. introduce the topic of the passage
【解析】选D。推理判断题。引入第一段的目的是导入话题will result in the entire Earth catching on fire. Who will save the world? 故选D。
2. The underlined phrase “a different and more ambitious idea” refers to______. ?
A. fleeing the Earth in spaceships
B. bringing in huge success
C. filling the gap in Chinese sci-fi movies
D. helping Earth make its escape
【解析】选D。词义猜测题。根据第二段This imaginative tale is at the heart of the latest Chinese sci-fi movie The Wandering Earth. Unlike many American space-themed films where the solution to a disaster Earth faces is always fleeing the planet in spaceships, this time we’re taking the Earth with us. 这个充满想象力的故事是中国最新科幻电影《流浪地球》的核心。与许多美国太空主题电影不同, 在这些电影中, 地球面临灾难时的解决方案总是乘坐宇宙飞船逃离地球, 而这次我们要把地球带上。不同的观点就是helping Earth make its escape帮着地球一起逃离。故选D。
3. Which of the following is unlikely to account for the success of the film?
A. The rich imagination of the story.
B. Hollywood-style space stories.
C. The special cultural background.
D. The time chosen to release the film.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第四段A vehicle that really expresses our cultural and spiritual core can be called Chinese sci-fi. Otherwise, we’re just following others and telling the same Hollywood stories. 可知, 我们没有跟随其他人来讲述同样的好莱坞的故事, 而是有自己的文化和精神核心。所以好莱坞的故事没有给这部电影带来成功。故选B。
4. What is likely to be title for the passage?
A. Chinese Sci-fi Catches Up
B. The Most Successful Chinese Sci-fi
C. Chinese Sci-fi Sets a New Path
D. Chinese Sci-fi Challenges
【解析】选C。主旨大意题。根据第二段The film, which has made it the country’s most successful film of all time, has offered a different and more ambitious idea. 可知, 中国科幻电影开辟了新的途径。故选C。
B
Traditionally, robots have been hard, made of metal and other rigid material. But a team of scientists at Harvard University in the US has managed to build an entirely soft robot-one that draws inspiration from an octopus(章鱼).
Described in science journal Nature, the “Octobot” could pave the way for more effective autonomous robots that could be used in search, rescue and exploration. “The Octobot is a minimal system which may serve as a foundation for a new generation of completely soft, autonomous robots, ”the study’s authors wrote.
Robots built for precise, repetitive movements in a controlled environment don’t do so well on rough terrains(地形) or in unpredictable conditions. And they aren’t especially safe around humans, because they’re made out of hard and heavy parts that could be potentially dangerous to their users.
So researchers have been working on building soft robots for decades. They’ve taken inspiration from nature, looking to animals from jellyfish to cockroaches, which are often made up of more flexible matter.
But creating a completely soft robot remains a challenge. Even if engineers build a silicone(硅酮) body, it’s still a grand challenge to construct flexible versions of essential parts, such as a source of power.
“Although soft robotics is still in its early stage, it holds great promise for several applications, such as search??and??rescue operations and exploration, ”Barbara Mazzolai and Virgilio Mattoli of the Italian Institute of Technology’s Center for MicroBioRobotics, wrote in a comment. “Soft robots might also open up new approaches to improving wellness and the quality of life. ”
【文章大意】本文是一篇科普说明文。美国哈佛大学的科学家受到章鱼的启发, 制造了软体机器人; 这种机器人可以用于搜救、探险等行业, 比常规机器人更安全; 虽然软件机器人的开发和研究尚处在早期阶段, 但是这种机器人必将更有利于健康与生活质量。
5. What’s the special feature of “Octobot”?
A. It’s soft. B. It’s made of metal.
C. It’s very small. D. It looks like an octopus.
【解析】选A。 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句中的“The Octobot is a minimal system which may serve as a foundation for a new generation of completely soft, autonomous robots”可知, “Octobot”是一种可以用作软体机器人基础部件的微型系统; 据此可知, “Octobot”的特点是柔软, 故A项正确。
6. What’s the disadvantage of traditional robots?
A. They’re hard to control.
B. They’re too heavy to move.
C. They can’t predict conditions.
D. They can’t behave well all the time.
【解析】选D。 推理判断题。根据第三段的内容可知, 传统机器人无法在崎岖的地形上很好地运行, 此外, 由于沉重的金属部件, 传统机器人可能会对人体产生伤害; 据此可知, 传统机器人并非总是很好地运行, 故D项正确。
7. One of the biggest challenges is to build Octobot’s ______. ?
A. silicone body B. complex components
C. precise movements D. flexible power source
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第五段中的第二句“Even if engineers build a silicone body, it’s still a grand challenge to construct flexible versions of essential parts, such as a source of power”可知, 即使工程师利用硅酮制造出了软体机器人的身体, 但是建造柔韧性强的关键部件仍然面临巨大的挑战, 比如动力来源; 据此可知, 制造软体机器人最大的挑战之一是柔韧性强的动力来源, 故D项正确。
8. What’s the possible application of “Octobot”?
A. Medical research. B. Life rescue.
C. Machine operation. D. House cleaning.
【解析】选B。 细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句中的“Although soft robotics is still in its early stage, it holds great promise for several applications, such as search??and??rescue operations and exploration”可知, 尽管软体机器人技术还处于早期阶段, 但它适用于诸如搜索救援和探索等任务, 故B项正确。
Ⅱ. 阅读填句
根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Doctors say anger can be an extremely damaging emotion, unless you learn how to deal with it. They warn that anger can lead to heart disease, stomach problems, headaches, emotional problems and possibly cancer.
1 Some people express anger openly in a calm reasonable way. Others burst with anger, and scream and yell. But other people keep their anger inside. They can not or will not express it. This is called repressing anger. ?
For years many doctors thought that repressing anger was more dangerous to a person’s health than expressing it. They said that when a person is angry, the brain releases the same hormones (荷尔蒙). They speed the heart rate, raise blood pressure, or sugar into the blood, etc. 2 ?
Some doctors say that both repressing and expressing anger can be dangerous. They believe that those who express anger violently may be more likely to develop heart disease, and they believe that those who keep anger inside may face a greater danger of high blood pressure.
3 They say the first step is to admit that you are angry and to recognize the real cause of the anger, then decide if the cause is serious enough to get angry about. If it is, they say, “ 4 Wait until your anger has cooled down and you are able to express yourself calmly and reasonably. ”?
Doctors say that a good way to deal with anger is to find humor in the situation that has made you angry. 5 ?
A. Anger may cause you a cancer.
B. Do not express your anger while angry.
C. In general the person feels excited and ready to act.
D. They say that laughter is much healthier than anger.
E. Doctors say the solution is learning how to deal with anger.
F. Anger is a normal emotion that we all feel from time to time.
G. Expressing anger violently is more harmful than repressing it.
【文章大意】生气、发怒是人的一种正常情绪。但是处理怒气的不同方式会影响一个人的健康。
1. 【解析】选F 。从首句“Doctors say anger can be an extremely damaging emotion, unless you learn how to deal with it. ”及从空后面不同人处理生气的不同方式说明生气是一种正常的情感。故F项正确。
2. 【解析】选C。从空前“They speed the heart rate, raise blood pressure, or sugar into the blood, etc. ”生气的人会加速心跳、升高血压或血糖等及常识可知一般情况下生气会让人受到刺激、急于行动。故C项正确。
3. 【解析】选E。从后文“They say the first step is to admit that. . . , then decide if the cause is serious enough to get angry about”等可推知这些是医生给出的如何正确处理生气的解决方案。故E项正确。
4. 【解析】选B。根据后文“Wait until your anger has cooled down and you are able to express yourself calmly and reasonably. ”可知生气时要等到冷静下来且能平静、合理地表达时才宣泄情绪。由此可知生气时不要表达。故B项正确。
5. 【解析】选D 。根据空前“. . . a good way to deal with anger is to find humor. . . ”及常识可知幽默会带来笑声。由此可知笑声比生气健康得多。故D项正确。
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