(共69张PPT)
必修2
Unit 1 Tales of the unexplained
内容索引
核心素养测评
Step 1 以高考为导向·印证教材基础
Step 2 以核心为根本·探究课堂重点
Step 3 以检测为载体·提升语基能力
Step 4 以话题为主线·锤炼素养技能
【知识主线串记】
短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点, 请按要求补全短文, 并背诵体
会黑体部分用法。
Yesterday afternoon, a 1. ________(puzzle) incident occurred near a tall
bridge which is under construction. A bus which was due to arrive 2. __ half
an hour arrived earlier. When an astronomer wanted to go aboard the bus, a
detective came to stop him and tried 3. __________(convince) him that if he
could make some 4. __________(state), he would get the award 5. _________
(belong) to him. However, the astronomer didn’t accept his advice. ?
puzzling
in
to convince
statements
belonging
The astronomer was about to get on the bus 6. _____ a bright light flashed.
Strangely the bus and the astronomer disappeared. A journalist 7. ____ was
making his way home happened to see it. Dozens of other witnesses provided
the police with the same evidence. But no one could 8. ______(exact) say where
the bus and the astronomer had gone. The police, 9. _____(take) charge of by
Mr Wang, are looking into the amazing incident at present.
Many people assume that aliens showed 10.___, but I think the truth will
be discovered sooner or later.
when
who
exactly
taken
up
Part 1 考纲高频单词
1. puzzled adj. 困惑的, 茫然的
【写作金句】 This morning I was walking on the street when I saw that two travelers were reading a map, looking puzzled.
今天早晨我正在大街上走, 就在这时我看见两个游客正在困惑地看着地图。
【语块必记】
(1)be puzzled about 对……感到困惑
be puzzled+疑问词+to do 对做……感到困惑
(2)puzzle vt. 使……困惑/迷惑
n. 难题; 谜
puzzle about/over sth. 冥思苦想
be a puzzle to sb. 对某人来说是个谜
(3)puzzling adj. 使人困惑的, 令人不解的
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①John seemed puzzled _____ what the question meant.
②The thing I find most ________(puzzle) is that he never mentions his family.
完成句子
③The little boy was __________________________________________________. ?
那个小男孩对那个令人困惑的问题冥思苦想, 感到非常困惑。
about
puzzling
puzzled about the puzzling question and felt quite puzzled
【误区释疑】 英语中, 像puzzle一样, 动词的分词形式(-ed或-ing)常被用作形容词。动词-ing形式表示“事物”的性质和特征, 常用来修饰物; 动词-ed形式往往表示“人”所处的状态, 常用来修饰人。但修饰人的声音、表情、眼神等时, 常用动词-ed形容词。有类似用法的动词还有: interest, surprise, shock, excite, disappoint, please, satisfy, frighten等。
2. witness n. 目击者, 证人; 证据v. 目击, 见证
【文化金句】 1949 witnessed the founding of the People’s Republic of China. 1949年见证了中华人民共和国的成立。
【语块必记】
(1)be (a) witness to sth. 目击, 看见; 为……提供证据
give witness to sth. 为……作证; 证明
(2)witness to (doing) sth. 证明(做)某事
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①He is __ witness to a terrible murder.
②These paintings gave witness __ the painter’s creativity.
③Our city ________(witness) four different seasons, plenty of sunshine and
good rainfall, but in winter you may feel a little cold.
④Many times, Peters and others who worked in and near Park Plaza
witnessed squirrels _________(run) over. ?
完成句子
⑤__________________(中国已经见证)a series of great changes in the past few
years. ?
a
to
witnesses
being run
China has witnessed
【误区释疑】 see, witness, find等动词, 可以用地点或时间名词作主语, 表示某地或某时“经历、发生、目睹”了某事。这是一种拟人修辞手法。
3. occur vi. (occurred/occurred)发生; 想到; 出现
【写作金句】 It never occurred to me that you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.
我从来就没想到你能成功说服他改变他的想法。
【语块必记】
sth. occur(s) to sb. 某人突然想起某事
It occurs to sb. that . . . 某人突然想起……
It occurs to sb. to do sth. 某人想到要做某事
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①A good idea occurred __ me when I woke up this morning.
②It never occurred to her ______(ask) anyone when she was in trouble. ?
同义句转换
③The idea that walking was a hardship didn’t occur to us.
→__________________that walking was a hardship. ?
to
to ask
It did not occur to us
【误区释疑】 “(某人)突然想到(起)……”可以表达为: It hits/hit sb. that . . . It occurs/occurred to sb. that . . . It strikes/struck sb. that . . .
4. award n. 奖, 奖品, 奖金 vt. 授予, 奖励
【文化金句】 Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012, which made one of the Chinese people’s long-held dreams come true.
2012年莫言被授予诺贝尔文学奖, 这使得中国人民多年以来的一个梦想实现了。
【语块必记】
(1)award sb. sth. for. . . 因……而奖励某人某物
be awarded sth. for . . . 因……而被授予某物
award sb. sth. =award sth. to sb.
奖励/授予/判给某人某物
(2)win/get an award 获得奖项
易混辨析 award/reward/prize
award 指对完成工作或任务的人给予奖励。常用award sb. sth. /award sth. to sb.
reward 指对别人的工作、服务或帮助等回报或酬谢, 其后只接人或人的行为作宾语。常用reward sb. with sth.
prize 多指在各类竞赛、竞争或抽奖中所赢得的奖金或有价值的东西
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①The Team Gold Medal was awarded __ China’s Chang’e 4 Lunar Landing
Mission Team by the Royal Aeronautical Society.
用award/prize/reward的适当形式填空
②After being ________ the first _____, he expressed that he would continue to
_______ the people and society with his hard work.
awarded
prize
reward
to
5. strength n. [U]力量, 力气 [C]长处, 优势
【写作金句】 Let’s take exercise every day. It can not only build up our strength but also reduce diseases. 让我们每天都锻炼吧。它能增强我们的体力并减少疾病。
【语块必记】
(1)build up one’s strength 增强体力
with all one’s strength 竭尽全力
(2)strengthen v. 加强; 增强; 巩固
易混辨析 strength/force/energy/power
人或动物的“力气”, 人的“优势, 强项”, 也可指物理学上的强度
主要指外力, 是推动人或物朝所要求的方向运动或能产生明显效应的力量, 也可以指武力
“精力, 活力, 能量”, 指人或动物所积蓄的或释放的活力, 也指物理学上的能量
力的总称, 指各种力, 如电力、动力或某事物的能力。它也可指人所具有的力量、能力、权力及势力等
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①Only after you find out your own ________(strength) and weaknesses can you
improve yourself and succeed.
②Regular physical tests can __________(strength) people’s health consciousness.
完成句子
③Every morning I’m working out to __________________(增强体力). ?
④The patient was too weak to _________________________(有站起来的力量). ?
strengthen
build up my strength
have the strength to stand up
strengths
选用energy/strength/force/power完成下面的语段
⑤David devoted all his ______ to his work. One night he came home very late
from his office. He found there was a ______ failure that day. Unfortunately he
couldn’t find his key anywhere. So he gathered all his ________ to open the door
by _____. The next day he had to pay to have his door repaired. 世纪金榜导
学号
energy
power
strength
force
6. convince vt. 使确信, 使相信; 说服, 劝说
【写作金句】 From this story, I am firmly convinced of the significance of honesty, which will contribute to building a warm and harmonious society.
通过这个故事, 我坚信诚实的重要性, 它将有助于建立一个温暖与和谐的社会。
【语块必记】
(1)convince sb. that . . . 使某人相信……
convince sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事
convince sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事
(2)convinced adj. 相信的, 被说服的
be convinced of/that . . . 相信……
(3)convincing adj. 令人信服的
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①Oscar convinced the manager ______(look) in the record of advance ticket
sales. ?
②We should convince the students __ the need for reading.
③The majority of the committee members are _________ of the __________
facts provided by the lawyer. (convince)
to look
of
convinced
convincing
完成句子
④Its 630, 000 inhabitants ___________________________(更加坚信) the 14
million visitors a year are far too much of a good thing. ?
are increasingly convinced that
7. survive vi. 生存, 幸免; 幸存; 生还vt. 比……活得长; 幸免于; 挺过(难关)
【写作金句】 The white building, having survived threats to pull it down, is now a private house in the possession of a retired professor.
这座白色的大楼, 在要被拆除的危险中幸存了下来, 现在它成了一位退休教授的私人房屋。
【语块必记】
(1)survive sth. 幸免于, 在……中幸存下来
survive through 通过……幸存下来
survive on/by 靠……生存下来
(2)survivor n. 幸存者
survival n. [U]幸存; [C]残存物
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①_________(survive) of the accident were rushed to the nearest hospital in no
time.
②Having lost his both legs in a severe accident, the young man ________ at
last, whose _______ is really a miracle. (survive)
完成句子
③Some strange customs have ________________________(更早些时候流传下
来). ?
④It’s said that the woman _____________________________(比她的丈夫多活
了10年). ?
Survivors
survived
survival
survived from earlier times
survived her husband by 10 years
Part 2 重点短语句式
8. make up编造, 杜撰; 构成, 组成; 弥补; 化妆; 和好; 整理
【写作金句】 Last week, I was ill for some days and I’m determined to make up the lost time.
上周, 我病了几天, 我决心弥补失去的时间。
【语块必记】
make up for 弥补; 补偿
be made up of=consist of=be composed of
由……组成/构成
make out 辨认出; 理解, 明白
make way for 为……让路
make it 成功
【语境速测】 写出黑体部分的含义
①The medical team was made up of twelve doctors. ( )
②Can I leave early this afternoon and make up the time tomorrow?
( )
③Today it is common that women and girls make up in public. ( )
④After they quarreled many times, it’s hard for them to make up.
( )
⑤Many stories about UFO are said to be made up. ( )
⑥They told the servants to make up a bed for the princess. ( )
组成, 构成
弥补
化妆
和好
编造
整理
同义句转换
⑦Five doctors and ten nurses make up the medical team.
→The medical team ____________five doctors and ten nurses. ?
is made up of
【误区释疑】 make up作“组成, 构成”讲时, 用于主动句中, 在被动句中用be made up of。
9. due to由于, 因为
【文化金句】 Due to the Counter-Japanese War, thousands of Chinese people gave their precious lives.
由于抗日战争, 成千上万的中国人民献出了他们宝贵的生命。
【语块必记】
be due to do sth. 预计/预期做某事
be due for . . . 预计……
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①Rose is due _______(start) school in January. ?
②The band’s first album is due ___ release later this month.
完成句子
③The experiment went on quite well _____________of the teacher. 由于老师的
帮助, 这个实验进展非常顺利。?
to start
for
due to the help
【误区释疑】 due to“由于, 因为”, 常作表语, 也可作状语, 但一般不能放于句首。表示“由于, 因为”的其他常见短语: ①thanks to ②because of
③owing to ④on account of ⑤in consequence of ⑥as a result of
10. belong to 属于, 是……的成员
【语块必记】
(1)belong to表示“是……的财产; 是……的组成部分; 是……的成员(属于)”, 不能用于进行时态和被动语态。
(2)belongings n. 财产; 所有物; 相关事物
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①You may not understand what they have done, because they ______(belong)
to a younger generation.
②Please take fewer __________(belong) next time. There is little room left in
our car.
完成句子
③She tells her students that the future _________________________(属于受到
良好教育的人). ?
④In my opinion, you’d better __________________________(把书放在它应在
的地方). ?
belong
belongings
belongs to the well-educated
put the book where it belongs
11. Standing inside were lots of strange creatures with white skin and large black eyes. (飞船)里面站着许多白皮肤、眼睛又黑又大的奇怪生物。?
【文化金句】 Once upon a time there lived a doctor known by the name of Hua Tuo. 从前有个名医叫华佗。
【句型公式】
完全倒装结构: v. -ing短语+be+主语(主语较长)。
(1)当表语是分词、副词、形容词、介词短语, 而主语比较长且主语是名词时, 为了保持平衡或强调表语, 常把表语放在句首, 引起句子完全倒装。句型结构为“分词/副词/形容词/介词短语+be+主语”。
(2)表示处所、方位等的副词或介词, 如 here, there, now, then, up, down, in, out, off 等放在句首, 而主语是名词, 且谓语动词是 be, lie, sit, stand, come, go, exist, live, rush等不及物动词时, 句子用完全倒装。
(3)there be句型也属于一种完全倒装句。该句型中的be可以替换成表示“存在”的动词, 如live, exist, lie, stand, seem, rise, remain, happen, come, go等。句型结构为“there+存在类动词+主语”。
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①Buried in the sands ____(be) an ancient village.
②Present at the meeting _____(be) the school headmaster, the English teachers,
and the students’ parents. 世纪金榜导学号
was
were
【误区释疑】 当主语是人称代词时, 不用倒装语序。
12. The Yeti is said to be a large, hairy animal that walks on two feet like a human being. ?
据说, 野人体格高大多毛, 像人类一样用两脚行走。
【句型公式】
be said to do . . . 据说……
(2)用于本句型的动词还有 think, believe, expect, report, consider, suppose等。
(3)Sb. is said/thought/believed/reported/considered/supposed/. . . to do sth.
=It is said/thought/believed/reported/considered/supposed/. . . that . . .
据说……/大家认为……/人们相信…… /据报道……/大家普遍认为……/据推测……
【语境速测】 句型转换
①Green is said to be the most restful color.
→____________green is the most restful color. ?
②It is reported that our city will hold a Chinese paper-cutting show this
Sunday.
→Our city ________________a Chinese paper-cutting show this Sunday. ?
③It is said that carbon dioxide is heating the earth twice as quickly as
previously feared.
→Carbon dioxide _________________the earth twice as quickly as previously
feared. ?
It is said that
is reported to hold
is said to be heating
【备选要点】
1. assume vt. 假定; 认为
【写作金句】 Assuming that you have all obtained employment and are fairly started, my advice to you is “aim high”. 假设你已经被正式录用并且有了一个不错的开始, 我对你的建议是: 力争上游。
【语块必记】
(1)assume that . . . 设想/认为……
assume . . . to be . . . 假定/假设……是……
It is assumed that . . . 一般认为……
(2)assumption n. 假定; 假设
make an assumption 认为; 假定
(3)assuming (that) . . . 假设/假定……
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①The scientist made an __________ (assume) first and then did some
experiments to prove it.
完成句子
②Let’s ______________________(假设他迟到) the meeting. What will happen
then? ?
assume him to be late for
assumption
句式升级
③If you are interested in it, please send an email to 123456@ sina. com.
→_____________________________, please send an email to 123456@ sina. com.
(assuming)?
④People assume that stress is caused by too much work.
→________________stress is caused by too much work. (用it作形式主语改写)?
Assuming you are interested in it
It is assumed that
【知识拓展】 “假设, 如果”的表达法有:
2. exist vi. 存在; 生存
【写作金句】 Sometimes you have to forgive and forget. Forgive them for hurting you and forget that they exist.
有时候你不得不宽恕和忘记。宽恕他们对你的伤害, 忘记他们的存在。
【语块必记】
(1)exist in 存在于
exist on 靠……生存
There exist(s) . . . 有……
(2)existence n. 存在
come into existence(=being) 成立; 开始存在
【语境速测】 完成句子
①The people trapped in the earthquake _________(靠……生存)the water for
several days. ?
②___________(存在) a good way to solve the existing problem in geography. ?
单句语法填空
③Some strange ideas exist __ his mind.
④No one knows when such a custom first came into ________(exist).
existed on
There exists
in
existence
【误区释疑】 exist是不及物动词, 没有被动语态, 也不用于进行时态。
3. step up加紧, 加强, 促进; 走上前去
【写作金句】 China has stepped up its efforts to study the phenomenon after a team of US scientists announced their discovery.
继美国的一支科学家队伍宣布他们的发现后, 中国加快了研究此现象的步伐。
【语块必记】
out of step 不合拍
take steps to do sth. 采取措施做某事
step by step 一步一步地, 逐渐地
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①The teacher _______(step) up onto the platform and began the lesson.
②He said he would take steps _________(correct)the mistakes. ?
用step短语完成句子
③George is always _________with the music. ?
④___________he gained the children’s love and respect. ?
stepped
to correct
out of step
Step by step
4. take charge of负责, 掌管
【语块必记】
in charge (of) 负责(某事)
in the charge of 由……掌管/负责
in one’s charge 由某人掌管、负责
free of charge(=for free) 免费
【语境速测】 用charge短语的适当形式填空
①The secretary _____________the matter before her boss returned. ?
②These books were sent to our school ____________. ?
一句多译
③目前, 王先生负责这项工程。
Mr Wang is ______________the project at present. ?
=Mr Wang is ___________the project at present. ?
=The project is ______________Mr Wang at present. ?
took charge of
free of charge
taking charge of
in charge of
in the charge of
【误区释疑】
take charge of, in charge of, in the charge of都有“负责”之意。但take charge of为动词短语, 在句子中一般作谓语; in charge of(含有主动意义)与in the charge of(含有被动意义)为介词短语, 用于名词后作定语, 或者与be动词等连用作谓语。
5. make one’s way to前往, 到……去
【语块必记】
make one’s way 获得成功, 有出息
lead the way 带领; 领先
lose one’s way 迷路
on the/one’s way to 在去……的路上
【语境速测】 用way短语填空
①They are __________________the supermarket where dozens of goods are
at a discount. ?
②Fortunately, the villager __________and we didn’t ___________. ?
making their way to
led the way
lose our way
【误区释疑】 表示“前进”的种种说法:
①push one’s way推开……而前进
②feel one’s way摸索着前进
③force/fight one’s way突破……而前进
核心素养测评四 Unit 1 Tales of the unexplained
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
A
In summer the extreme heat often makes people sweaty and restless. While people are annoyed by it, experts suggest summer is the best season to discharge(排放) your body’s toxins(毒素) and recover your energy.
One popular option is hot-stone massage(按摩). Therapists use smooth and heated stones, usually river rocks, to massage certain parts of the body, or place them on key points of the body. The warmth of the hot stones will improve blood circulation and also help relax muscles, while sweating is also believed to be good for discharging the body’s toxins.
Another popular option is hot-stone baths. The hot-stone bath will help the body discharge toxins and humidity that accumulated during the last winter. Summer is the best season to build a good body. Rather than use water or steam to heat and wash the body, people simply wear a coat or something comfortable, and then lie on heated stone tablets made of hot stones, which are warmed to around
45 ℃. The body will gradually warm up and blood circulation will also be improved. More sweat will come out quickly. The sweat is smooth and fresh, not smelly like that released after sports activities. Such baths bring a number of health benefits, such as anti-aging, improved blood circulation and stress relief. The slimming effect of dieting can even be promoted.
Using hot stones for healing dates back to ancient times, but the modern renewal of hot-stone massage is generally credited to Mary Nelson, a native of Tucson, Arizona, America, whose trademark is “LaStone Therapy”.
The therapy is gaining wide popularity with many people, especially those who have jobs in cool air-conditioned rooms. The hot-stone therapy can help cure many diseases, including back pain.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了当下深受人们喜欢的热石按摩和热石浴的保健功能和原理。
1. What do people use to release toxins in their bodies according to the text?
A. Washing the body with cold water.
B. Discharging lots of sweat.
C. Relaxing muscles.
D. Lying on the warm beds.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句中的“while sweating is also believed to be good for discharging the body’s toxins”可知, 出汗是排出毒素的一个很好的办法, 故选B。
2. What can we know from the text?
A. Sports have greater effects on the health than hot-stone massage.
B. There are no toxins and humidity in the body in summer.
C. Using water of about 45℃ to wash the body is good for the health.
D. People should take advantage of summer to improve their health.
【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“experts suggest summer is the best season to discharge your body’s toxins and recover your energy”及下文中对可在夏天进行的热石按摩及热石浴的保健功能的介绍可推知, 夏季是一个排毒的好季节, 人们应好好利用, 以促进身体健康, 故选D。
3. What can be learned about the hot-stone therapy?
A. It was invented by Mary Nelson, an American.
B. It successfully cured many people of cancer.
C. It is popular with people with its excellent effects.
D. It can help people avoid sweating too much in hot summer.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中的“The therapy is gaining wide popularity with many people . . . The hot-stone therapy can help cure many diseases”可知, 这种疗法因为极好的效果而受到人们的欢迎, 故选C。
4. Which of the following could be the best title for the text?
A. The origin and development of the hot-stone therapy
B. The amazing functions of the hot-stone therapy
C. A healthy and comfortable lifestyle
D. How to live comfortably in summer
【解析】选B。标题归纳题。通读全文可知, 文章主要介绍了热石疗法及其神奇的功效, 故选B。
B
Since English biologist Charles Darwin published On the Origin of Species in 1859, scientists have vastly improved their knowledge of natural history. However, a lot of information is still the subject of the speculation, and scientists can still only make educated guesses at certain things.
One subject that they guess about is why some 400 million years ago, animals in the sea developed limbs(肢) that allowed them to move onto and live on land.
Recently, an idea that occurred to the US paleontologist(古生物学家) Alfred Romer a century ago became a hot topic once again.
Romer thought that tidal(潮汐的) pools might have led to fish gaining limbs. Sea animals would have been forced into these pools by strong tides. Then, they would have been made either to adapt to their new environment close to land or die. The fittest among them grew to accomplish the transition(过渡) from sea to land.
Romer called these earliest four-footed animals “tetrapods”. Science has always thought that this was a credible theory, but only recently has there been strong enough evidence to support it.
Hannah Byrne is an oceanographer(海洋学家) at Uppsala University in Sweden. She announced at the 2018 Ocean Sciences Meeting in Oregon, US, that by using computer software, her team had managed to link Romer’s theory to places where fossil deposits(沉积物) of the earliest tetrapods were found.
According to the magazine Science, in 2014, Steven Balbus, a scientist at University of Oxford in the UK, calculated that 400 million years ago, when the move from land to sea was achieved, tides were stronger than they are today. This is because the planet was 10 percent closer to the moon than it is now.
The creatures stranded in the pools would have been under the pressure of “survival of the fittest”, explained Mattias Green, an ocean scientist at the UK’s University of Bangor. As he told Science, “After a few days in these pools, you become food or you run out of food . . . the fish that had large limbs had an advantage because they could flip(翻转) themselves back in the water. ”
As is often the case, however, there are others who find the theory less convincing. Cambridge University’s paleontologist Jennifer Clark, speaking to Nature magazine, seemed unconvinced. “It’s only one of many ideas for the origin of land-based tetrapods, any or all of which may have been a part of the answer, ” she said.
【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章用一些新的证据来支持以前人们的理论猜测: 潮汐潭促使海洋动物发育了四肢, 进而迁徙并生活在陆地上。
5. Who first proposed the theory that fish might have gained limbs because of tidal pools?
A. Hannah Byrne. B. Charles Darwin.
C. Alfred Romer. D. Steven Balbus.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第三段内容“Recently, an idea that occurred to the US paleontologist Alfred Romer a century ago became a hot topic once again. ”和第四段第一句“Romer thought that tidal pools might have led to fish gaining limbs. ”可知, 是Alfred Romer最先提出了鱼类可能因为潮汐潭而发育出四肢的理论, 故选C项。
6. Why were tides stronger 400 million years ago than they are today according to Steven Balbus?
A. There were larger oceans.
B. Earth was under greater pressure.
C. The moon gave off more energy.
D. Earth was closer to the moon.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第七段中的“. . . tides were stronger than they are today. This is because the planet was 10 percent closer to the moon than it is now. ”可知, 过去的潮汐比现在强。这是因为地球这颗行星以前距离月球比现在近了10%, 故D项正确。
7. The underlined word “stranded” in Paragraph 8 probably means “ ”. ?
A. trapped B. settled
C. abandoned D. found
【解析】选A。词义猜测题。根据第四段中的“Sea animals would have been forced into these pools by strong tides. ”可知, Romer认为海洋生物因为潮汐作用被迫进入潮汐潭, 并结合画线词所在句可知, 海洋动物是被迫进入潮汐潭, 因而被困于潮汐潭最为适合题意, 故选A项。
8. What is the focus of the article?
A. The arguments over a scientific theory.
B. Some new evidence to support a previous theory.
C. The proposal of a new scientific theory.
D. A new discovery that questions a previous theory.
【解析】选B。主旨大意题。通读全文可知, 英国生物学家达尔文的《物种起源》极大地提高了科学家对自然历史的认识。但仍有不少是没有根据的猜测。其中关于海洋动物如何有了四肢, 从而得以迁徙到陆地上生活的原因美国古生物学家Alfred Romer提出的猜测再次成为热门话题。许多科学家对此进行实验并提供了许多新的证据来进行证实。同时结合第五段第二句可知, B项(一些新的证据来支持以前的理论。)是本文阐述的重点, 故选B项。
Ⅱ. 阅读填句
Everyone dreams. If you’ve ever tried to figure out the meaning of a strange dream, you’re not alone. Humans have been trying to make sense of dreams since recorded history. 1 Here are some of the findings. ?
2 People with great creativity are more likely to dream about unusual settings and about blocks in the natural world, such as a log or a rock they can’t get around. ?
You’ve got a heart problem. People who have frequent nightmares may be significantly more likely to suffer from an irregular heartbeat or chest pain. If you have those problems, it’s more difficult for you to breathe at night. 3 ?
You’re avoiding something. Do you dream about being followed by a stranger, a monster, or a giant tidal wave? This could indicate that you’re afraid to deal with something in your daily life. 4 ?
You’ll have a good result in a test. Students whose performance improved were those who had dreamed about the maze (迷宫) during the sleep. 5 This improves learning and problem-solving skills. ?
Despite the fact that technology has vastly expanded our understanding of dreaming, much of what occurs when we’re asleep remains as it has always been: a mystery.
A. How creative you are.
B. Dreaming may strengthen memories.
C. What kind of problem solver you are.
D. What can our dreams tell about ourselves?
E. How can we understand better about ourselves?
F. That explains why you cannot have a sound sleep.
G. Ask yourself what issue or emotion you’re faced with.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文, 主要介绍了关于梦的几项研究结果。
1. 【解析】选D。根据空后的“Here are some of the findings. ”及下文介绍的通过做梦分析自身的内容可知, D项“我们的梦能告诉关于我们自己的什么? ”符合语境。
2. 【解析】选A。根据空处所在的位置及文章的结构可知, 空处为该段的主题句; 结合空后的“People with great creativity are more likely to dream about unusual settings and about blocks in the natural world, such as a log or a rock they can’t get around. ”可知, 有创造力的人更有可能梦到不寻常的场景和自然界中的障碍, 比如他们无法避开的原木或石头。据此可知, 该段主要说明了梦能反映人们的创造力, 故A项正确。
3. 【解析】选F。根据前一句“If you have those problems, it’s more difficult for you to breathe at night. ”可知, 如果你有这些问题, 晚上呼吸就会更困难; 据此可知, F项“这就解释了你为什么不能睡好觉”承接上文, 符合语境。
4. 【解析】选G。根据前一句“This could indicate that you’re afraid to deal with something in your daily life. ”可知, 这可能表明你害怕在日常生活中处理一些事情。故G项“问问你自己, 你面临的问题或情绪是什么”符合语境。
5. 【解析】选B。根据空处后一句“This improves learning and problem-solving skills. ”可知, 这提高了学习和解决问题的技能; 据此可知, B项“做梦可以增强人的记忆力”符合语境。
Ⅲ. 语法填空
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Forbidden City, 1. (locate) at the exact center of Beijing, is a place full of wonders.
But more than 600 years after it was built, it’s still managing 2.
(serve) up surprises because the Forbidden City has survived more than 200 earthquakes.
Most structures aren’t made to survive 3. (nature) disasters, let alone those built hundreds of years ago.
To show 4. strong ancient Chinese buildings really are, a television documentary by British broadcaster Channel 4 explored the skills of the ancient building’s designers. A group of Chinese carpenters and 5. (engineer) were shown building a scale model of one of the Forbidden City’s palaces, at one fifth of the size.
The model 6. (put) to the test. It was subjected to a simulated earthquake of 9. 5 on the Richter scale. Instead of falling apart, the model was just moved 7. (gentle) during the test.
According to experts, the answer to the Forbidden City’s strength, lies in “dougong”—8. old building method invented in China.
In spite of being held together 9. any nails or glue, “dougong” is perfect at 10. (keep) structures together. So as China’s most popular tourist destination, perhaps the Forbidden City should add one more thing to its list of attractions: earthquake shelter.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文, 介绍了紫禁城的位置、历史、建筑抗震强及其原因。
1. 【解析】located。考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知, 空处充当定语, 省略了which is; be located at表示“位于”。
2. 【解析】to serve。考查非谓语动词。manage后面用动词不定式作宾语, 故用to serve。
3. 【解析】natural。考查词性转换。空处充当定语, 修饰disasters, 说明被修饰词的性质, 表示“自然的”, 故用形容词形式natural。
4. 【解析】how。考查副词。为了表明中国古代的建筑是多么的结实, 英国第四频道电视台的一个电视纪录片探索了古代中国建筑设计师们的技艺。how表示“多么”, 修饰形容词strong。
5. 【解析】engineers。考查名词。and连接并列结构, 前后保持一致, 前面用名词复数carpenters, 故空处也应该用名词engineer的复数形式。
6. 【解析】was put。考查动词的时态和语态。句意: 这个模型被投入到试验中。根据上下文可知, 动作发生在过去, 故用一般过去时, 又因为主语“The model”与谓语动词“put”构成被动关系, 故用was put。
7. 【解析】gently。考查词性转换。空处修饰动词moved, 故用其副词形式gently。
8. 【解析】an。考查冠词。method是可数名词, 这里表示泛指一种, 故用不定冠词, 又因为空后是发音以元音音素开头的old, 故用an。
9. 【解析】without。考查介词。根据上下文可知, 用“dougong”这种技术建造房子不用钉子和胶水, 故用without。
10. 【解析】keeping。考查非谓语动词。keep充当介词at的宾语, 故用其动名词形式。
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
The ozone hole that opens every year over the Antarctic is on course to be the smallest in three decades, scientists have said.
Researchers say the hole is also a particularly unusual shape this year, being heavily skewed(扭曲) towards South America instead of centring on the South Pole. According to the British Antarctic Survey, the hole had reached an area of 11 million square kilometres in early September, when the annual “spring warming” event kicked in much earlier than usual. In 2018, the hole reached a maximum area of 22. 9 million square kilometres. In 2002, the polar vortex split in two, creating two separate ozone holes over the continent.
Anna Jones, a scientist at the British Antarctic Survey, told The Independent the shape of the hole this year was “very unusual”. She said, “This is a pretty new phenomenon. It could be a multiple collection of factors. ”
Satellite records for the polar vortex in Antarctica go back to the late 1970s, but the 2002 split vortex is the only other major change. “Scientists haven’t quite figured it out yet. . . there are various things they can look at, but it’s certainly very unusual, ” Dr Jones said.
Dr Jones said the key to reducing the size of the ozone hole in the long term was continuing to clampdown on the illegal man-made chemicals causing the destruction. She also warned people living in South America could now be at risk from dangerous UV radiation as the ozone has thinned. “The key thing is that the gases that destroy ozone are still around, still in the atmosphere, ” she said. “I doubt we will see this again next year. We can’t be relieved, it absolutely doesn’t mean the ozone hole is never going to be seen again. ”?
【文章大意】本文为说明文, 讲的是科学家研究发现今年南极上空臭氧空洞的形状“异乎寻常”, 严重向南美倾斜。
1. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. The Strangely Shaped Antarctic Ozone Hole
B. The Terrible Environmental Pollution in the World
C. The Great Damage Done to the Environment in the Antarctic
D. The Risk of Dangerous UV Radiation in the Atmosphere
【解析】选A。主旨大意题。纵观全文可知本文讲的是今年南极上空臭氧空洞的形状“异乎寻常”, 严重向南美倾斜, 与A项一致, 故选A。
2. What does the underlined part “clampdown on” in the last paragraph mean?
A. increase B. limit C. pour D. release
【解析】选B。词义猜测题。根据最后一段第一句话中的“the key to reducing the size of the ozone hole”和“. . . the illegal man-made chemicals causing the destruction”可知, 此处表示减小臭氧层空洞的关键仍是限制破坏臭氧层的非法人造化学品, 故选B。
3. What can we learn according to the passage?
A. The ozone hole over the Antarctic will not be seen again.
B. The polar vortex in Antarctica first happened to the late 1970s.
C. In 2002, the hole reached a maximum area of 22. 9 million square kilometres.
D. The annual “spring warming” event usually kicked in later than early September.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句话可知A项错误; 根据第四段第一句话可知南极极地涡旋的卫星纪录可以追溯到而不是极地涡旋第一次发生于20世纪70年代末, 故B项错误; 根据第二段第三句话可知C项错误; 根据第二段第二句话中的“. . . in early September, when the annual ’spring warming’ event kicked in much earlier than usual. ”可知D项正确, 故选D。
4. The passage can be read from . ?
A. an environment newspaper
B. a fashion magazine
C. an entertainment magazine
D. a school textbook
【解析】选A。文章出处题。本文讲的是环境方面的新发现, 故选A。
Ⅱ. 完形填空
A Game of Light and Shade
It was a sunny day. I had gone up and down the tower when, outside the door at the foot, a blind man came toward me. In a moment, he disappeared up the stairs. I looked at the sign that said “To the Tower”, and decided to 1 him. ?
I caught up with him in the ticket office. There I was 2 to see the attendant(工作人员) selling him a ticket as if he were any other visitor. Then, with the ticket in one hand and 3 the wall with the fingers of the other, the blind man reached the stairs 4 to the hallway. ?
“That man is blind. What would a blind man climb up the tower for? ” I said to the attendant, expecting him to show some concern, but he didn’t answer.
“Not the 5 certainly, ”I said. “Perhaps he wants to 6 . ”?
I bought a ticket and 7 up the stairs. The man hadn’t gone as far as I imagined. A third of the way up the tower, I heard his steps. I slowed down and followed him at a little 8 . He stopped from time to time. When he got to the balcony(阳台), I was a dozen steps 9 . As I reached it, I saw him at the corner of the tower. ?
At last, after ten minutes, I 10 him. “Excuse me, ” I said as politely as I could, “but I am curious to know 11 you came up. ”?
He smiled. “Coming up the stairs, you will notice how not just light but sun 12 into the tower through the narrow windows here and there, so that you can feel the 13 —the cool stairs suddenly become quite warm—and how up here behind the wall there is 14 , but as soon as going opposite a window you can find the sun. There is no place so good as this for feeling the difference between light and shade. It is not the first time I’ve come up. ”?
The blind man seemed quite 15 , just like a child who was enjoying his favorite games. He told me the truth that blind men can also find the beauty in life although they cannot enjoy the sights of the world. ?
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文, 作者跟随一位盲人登塔, 盲人告诉他尽管盲人们无法看到世界上的风景, 但他们也能找到生活里的美。
1. A. accept B. follow C. control D. visit
【解析】选B。accept接受; follow跟随; control控制; visit参观。我看着“登塔”的指示牌, 决定跟随他上去看看具体情况。因为对于他登塔要做的事情, 我很好奇。故B项正确。
2. A. frightened B. disappointed
C. surprised D. embarrassed
【解析】选C。frightened害怕的; disappointed失望的; surprised惊讶的; embarrassed尴尬的。当我看见工作人员把他当做正常人一样, 也卖票给他, 我感觉很惊讶。故C项正确。
3. A. touching B. climbing
C. hitting D. covering
【解析】选A。touch触摸; climb攀登; hit击中; cover覆盖。由第一段第二句中的“a blind man came toward me”可知, 对方是一个盲人, 所以他只能摸着墙向上攀登。故A项正确。
4. A. pointing B. attaching
C. contributing D. leading
【解析】选D。point to指向; attach. . . to. . . 把……附在……之上; contribute to对……做贡献; lead to导致, 通向。句中现在分词短语leading to the hallway作定语修饰名词the stairs, 指通向走廊的楼梯。其余三项语义不搭配。故D项正确。
5. A. view B. test C. prize D. trick
【解析】选A。view风景, 观点; test测试; prize奖品, 奖励; trick诡计, 把戏。我认为这个盲人不会到塔顶去看风景, 他是想去跳楼, 所以我才让工作人员关注他。故A项正确。
6. A. kick B. jump
C. relax D. escape
【解析】选B。kick踢; jump跳跃; relax放松; escape逃跑。故B项正确。
7. A. struggled B. explored
C. wandered D. hurried
【解析】选D。struggle挣扎, 斗争; explore探索; wander徘徊, 闲逛; hurry匆忙。由上文可知, 我非常担心这个盲人, 所以我买了票以后匆忙爬上楼梯跟着他看他究竟想做什么。故D项正确。
8. A. standard B. distance
C. expense D. intention
【解析】选B。standard标准; distance距离; expense费用; intention目的, 意图。于是我放慢脚步, 在后面稍远处跟着他。名词distance表示距离, 故B项正确。
9. A. ahead B. around
C. outside D. behind
【解析】选D。ahead在前面; around在附近; outside在外面; behind在后面。当他到阳台的时候, 我在他后面十几步的地方。本句指我站在他的后面, 观察他的行为。故D项正确。
10. A. recognized B. surrounded
C. approached D. witnessed
【解析】选C。recognize认出, 意识到; surround包围; approach靠近; witness目睹, 见证。根据下文“Excuse me”可知, 我靠近他, 跟他打招呼。故C项正确。
11. A. why B. how
C. when D. whether
【解析】选A。作者一路跟着这位盲人登塔, 主要是因为他不知道对方来这里的原因。所以句中使用why引导宾语从句。故A项正确。
12. A. knocks B. pours
C. slides D. bursts
【解析】选B。knock敲击, 击中; pour倾倒; slide滑倒; burst爆发。爬上楼梯, 你会注意到的不仅是光线, 还有阳光会从窄窄的窗户照射到各处。动词pour表示阳光透过窗户洒在楼梯上。故B项正确。
13. A. trend B. reaction
C. change D. honor
【解析】选C。trend趋势, 倾向; reaction反应; change改变; honor荣耀。从后句“the cool stairs suddenly become quite warm”可知, 指这种变化。故C项正确。
14. A. light B. space
C. mess D. shade
【解析】选D。light光线; space空间; mess杂乱; shade阴影。根据生活常识可知, “behind the wall”通常都有阴影。故D项正确。
15. A. nervous B. content
C. curious D. patient
【解析】选B。nervous紧张的; content满足的, 满意的; curious好奇的; patient耐心的。根据后半句“just like a child who was enjoying his favorite games”可知, 这个盲人似乎很满足。故B项正确。
Ⅲ. 应用文写作
为积极推进校园文化建设, 学校向学生征集“金点子”。假如你是李华, 请给学校校园文化建设负责人王老师写一封信, 提一个“金点子”并简述理由。
注意:
1. 词数80左右, 开头已为你写好, 不计入总词数;
2. 可适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。
Dear Mr Wang,
Hearing that our school is asking for students’ ideas in order to promote the campus cultural construction, ____________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【参考范文】
Dear Mr Wang,
Hearing that our school is asking for students’ ideas in order to promote the campus cultural construction, I am going to put forward one of mine.
From my perspective, we should put up celebrities’ photos with their introduction and quotes on some of our school walls. The merits of this practice are evident. Firstly, it can create a cultural atmosphere, making the campus more attractive. Secondly, these photos can hopefully serve as spiritual motivation for us students and thus stimulate us to study harder or even make a commitment to contributing in different fields.
I would appreciate it if you could adopt my proposal.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
Ⅳ. 读后续写
阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
Jatin and his younger sister, Neha, lived with their parents in a poor neighborhood. Their mother was very sick and their father was struggling to find a job, and they had only a little money with which to buy food. As they had not paid the rent for several months, the landlord was breathing down their necks (盯着他们).
One day, Jatin took Neha’s shoes to a shoe repairman to be fixed, but he lost them on the way home. It wasn’t until he got home that he realized he had lost the shoes. He was afraid that his parents would be angry and disappointed, so he begged his sister to keep it secret. Neha agreed and the two decided to share Jatin’s running shoes. Neha’s school hours were in the morning, so she would wear them first. After school, she would rush back and give them to Jatin. He could then run to his school, which began in the afternoon. Although he ran as fast as he could, Jatin often arrived late and was warned by the school.
A long distance race was going to be held for the boys in the city. When Jatin learned that the third prize was a new pair of shoes, he decided to take part. He ran home excitedly and promised his sister that he would win her the new shoes.
The day of race arrived. Jatin had a strong start, but halfway through the race he began to get tired and his legs began to ache. Getting more and more exhausted he thought only of Neha and his promise to her. Dreaming of the new shoes he would win for his sister gave him strength, and he stayed right behind the two fastest runners, determined to finish third. Suddenly, as the finish line drew near, another runner collided(碰撞) with Jatin from behind and Jatin crashed to the ground.
注意: 续写部分分为两段, 每段的开头语已为你写好。
Jatin looked up and he saw the other boys rushing ahead. ________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
Filled with pleasure, Jatin walked home in no time. _____________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
Jatin looked up and he saw the other boys rushing ahead. Refusing to give up at this crucial point, Jatin clenched his teeth, jumped to his feet and ran as fast as he could. Finally, he was the fourth one to dash across the finish line. Jatin couldn’t help sobbing at the thought of letting his sister down. But much to his surprise, the runner who collided with him was disqualified for breaking the rule and Jatin won the third prize. Jatin felt overjoyed and relieved during the award ceremony, holding the shoes close to his chest.
Filled with pleasure, Jatin walked home in no time. He could not wait to see his sister and share the good news. On his arrival, Jatin found Neha was walking about outside nervously and anxiously. “Neha, see what I have got for you. ” Jatin said excitedly, taking the prize out of his bag with his trembling hands. The instant Neha saw the shoes, her face lit up. So thrilled was she that she threw herself at Jatin. “Thank you! Jatin. ” Tears of joy welled up in their eyes as the brother and the sister hugged tightly together.
阅读理解
When I was a boy there were no smartphones, and our television only got one channel clearly. Still, I never felt bored. The fields, hills and woodlands around my home were the perfect playground whose adventures were only limited by my imagination. I can remember once hiking to a nearby lake and walking slowly around it. At the back of it I was amazed to find an old dirt road that I had never seen before. It was full of muddy tyre tracks and deep woods bordered it on both sides, but exploring it still seemed like a fine adventure.
I walked on and on for what seemed like hours. I was sure my guardian angel was whispering in my ears “turn around and head back home”, but I was stubborn and walked on. There was still neither a car nor a house in sight. I noticed that the sun was starting to go down and I grew scared. I didn’t want to end up being trapped on this road, and I was worried that it would be dark before I could make my way back to the lake again.
I continued to walk on with something growing inside of me. My heart was pounding and my legs were aching. I was almost in tears when I saw something in the distance. It was a house that I recognized. I jumped up and down and laughed out loudly. It was still over a mile away, but my legs felt like feathers and I hurried back to my house in no time. I walked in with a big smile on my face just in time for dinner. Then I ended my adventure with a good night’s sleep.
I often thought of that experience recently. Actually, in our life, all roads, no matter how they twist and turn, can lead us home again. They can lead us to our homes here on the earth. They can lead us to our homes in our hearts. May you always walk your path with love! May you always help your fellow travelers along the way! And may your roads always lead you home again!
【文章大意】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章告诉我们一个深刻的道理: 在我们的生活中, 所有的道路, 无论它们如何曲折, 都能引领我们再次回到家。
1. Why did the author hardly feel bored when he was young?
A. He could have fun in nature.
B. He had many friends to play with.
C. He could watch TV all day.
D. He used to explore the old dirt road.
【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Still, I never felt bored. The fields, hills and woodlands around my home were the perfect playground whose adventures were only limited by my imagination. ”可知, 作者在他年轻的时候之所以几乎没有感到乏味是因为他可以在大自然中享受乐趣, 故选A。
2. What does the underlined word “something” in Paragraph 3 probably refer to?
A. Hope. B. Courage. C. Doubt. D. Fear.
【解析】选D。指代判断题。根据第三段第二、三句“My heart was pounding and my legs were aching. I was almost in tears when I saw something in the distance. ”可推知, 画线词的意思是“害怕”, 故选D。
3. How did the author feel when he was exploring the dirt road?
A. He was worried to be trapped in the woods.
B. He was unconscious of danger ahead.
C. He was contradictory in mind.
D. He was afraid of being scolded by his parents.
【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第二段第二句可知, 当作者在湖后面的土路上远足探险时, 他的内心是挣扎和矛盾的, 故选C。
4. What may be the best title for the passage?
A. Be Determined in Your Life
B. All Roads Lead Home
C. Every Effort Is Worthwhile
D. Be Brave to Adventure
【解析】选B。标题判断题。根据最后一段中的“Actually, in our life, all roads, no matter how they twist and turn, can lead us home again. ”可知, 事实上, 在我们的生活中, 所有的道路, 无论它们如何曲折, 都能引领我们再次回到家, 故选B。
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