(共71张PPT)
Unit 3 Amazing people
内容索引
核心素养测评
Step 1 以高考为导向·印证教材基础
Step 2 以核心为根本·探究课堂重点
Step 3 以检测为载体·提升语基能力
Step 4 以话题为主线·锤炼素养技能
【知识主线串记】
短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点, 请按要求补全短文, 并背诵体
会黑体部分用法。
One day I came across a story about an explorer and 1. ___________
(inspire) by his devotion to his work. Now, I’ll share it with you. The contents
of the story are as follows: ?
was inspired
He, together with a companion, who was outgoing, 2. ____(be) very
curious about mummy and decided to set out for Egypt. 3. _______(short) after
they set off, they arrived at a valley. They ignored others’ warning and wanted
to walk through it, 4. ______resulted in his companion’s death. But he was not
discouraged and walked on. On his way he met with 5. _______(vary)
difficulties and was even nearly murdered, 6. ___ he was still very optimistic
about his future. 7. ___ coincidence, a scientific organization heard of his story
and desired him 8. ______(join) in. Within two years, they found several
preserved mummies and their work got widespread 9. __________(recognize). ?
was
Shortly
which
various
but
By
to join
recognition
After reading it, I feel he is indeed worth 10. _______(look) up to and
rarely is there any person who is superior to him.
looking
Part 1 考纲高频单词
1. curious adj. 好奇的, 求知欲强的; 奇特的
【文化金句】 Curiosity is one of the most enduring and reliable attributes of the vigor of wisdom.
好奇心是最有智慧活力的, 最持久, 最可靠的特征之一。
【语块必记】
(1)be curious about 对……感到好奇
be curious to do sth. 渴望做某事
(2)curiosity n. 好奇; 好奇心
with curiosity 好奇地
out of curiosity 出于好奇
(3)curiously adv. 好奇地
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①Liz picked up the blue envelope and turned it over ________(curious).
②The little girl looked at me with ________(curious).
完成句子
③______________________(因为对一切感到好奇), we walked about in the
campus. ?
④______________(出于好奇), the girl can’t wait to open the envelope. ?
curiously
curiosity
Curious about everything
Out of curiosity
2. fortune n. 大笔的钱, 财富; 运气
【写作金句】 If you want to be successful, you should not only rely on fortune, but also on solid work.
要想成功, 不能仅凭运气, 要靠脚踏实地的工作。
【语块必记】
(1)make a/one’s fortune 发财
try one’s fortune 碰运气
(2)fortunate adj. 幸运的
be fortunate to do sth. 非常幸运做某事
(3)fortunately=luckily adv. 幸运地
unfortunately=unluckily adv. 不幸地
(4)misfortune n. 不幸
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①My cousin was fortunate ______(find) a job as soon as she graduated from
the university. ?
②The store caught fire. ___________(fortunate), all the people there escaped
from it.
③He would laugh the loudest over fun and be the saddest over anyone’s
__________(fortune).
to find
Fortunately
misfortune
根据提示完成语段 世纪金榜导学号
④In the 1980s, Li Hua went to the south _______________(碰运气). But he
_______________(没有发财). ___________(幸运的是), he met with a boss who
fed pigs. With his help, Li Hua _______________(发财) later by feeding pigs. ?
to try his fortune
made no fortune
Fortunately
made his fortune
3. content n. 内容; 容纳的东西; 目录; 含量 adj. 满足的, 满意的vt. 使满足
【文化金句】 Those who are content with/ content themselves with their present situations will surely make no difference in life.
那些满足于现状的人在生活中一定不会有大的作为。
【语块必记】
(1)be/feel content with . . . 对……满足/满意
be content to do sth. 乐于做某事
(2)content oneself with . . . 满足于……
【语境速测】 写出黑体部分的含义
①There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat
content and less salt. ( )
②It is reported that more than half of those surveyed on the website say they
are content with their current life. ( )
③There is a table of contents in front of a dictionary. ( )
④Will it content you if I let you have candies tomorrow? ( )
⑤The contents of the letter are still secret until today. ( )
含量
满意的
目录
使满足
内容
完成句子
⑥If you _______________ your mind with knowledge, the library is the right
choice. ?
如果你乐于用知识填充你的头脑, 图书馆是你的正确选择。
are content to fill
4. inspire vt. 启迪, 赋予灵感; 激励, 鼓舞
【写作金句】 All of the students were inspired by the inspiring speech given by the headmaster.
所有的学生都被校长那激励人心的演讲所鼓舞。
【语块必记】
(1)inspire sb. with sth. = inspire sth. in sb.
用某事激励某人
inspire sb. to do sth. 激励某人做某事
(2)inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的
inspired adj. 受到鼓舞的; 有灵感的
(3)inspiration n. 鼓舞人心的人(或事物); 灵感
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①The teacher inspires his students ______(give) their opinions actively even if
they are different from his own. ?
②Music can make you laugh, cry or shout. It’s also a great source of
__________(inspire).
语段填词
③They were ________ by the ________ speech, and this __________ was
obviously effective. (inspire)
to give
inspiration
inspired
inspiring
inspiration
5. discourage vt. 使灰心; 劝阻, 阻止; 使泄气
【写作金句】 An encouraging word to those who are down can help them out while a discouraging word can kill them.
一句鼓励的话能帮助失意的人振作, 而一句丧气的话会让他们一蹶不振。
【语块必记】
(1)discourage sb. from doing sth.
劝某人不要做某事; 使某人失去做某事的信心
(2)discouraging adj. 令人泄气或沮丧的
discouraged adj. (人)感到泄气或沮丧的
(3)discouragement n. 劝阻; 泄气; 使人泄气的事; 挫折, 气馁
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①He refused to give up in spite of many _______________(discourage).
②The failure was a big blow to him, but he wasn’t ___________(discourage)
and soon got as enthusiastic as ever.
③Today’s report on the economy is rather ____________(discourage).
discouragements
discouraged
discouraging
完成句子
④His parents tried to _______________________an actor. ?
他的父母试图阻止他去当演员。
⑤______________the unsuccessful attempt, he decided to give it up. ?
失败的尝试使他灰心丧气, 于是他决定放弃。
discourage him from being
Discouraged by
6. desire n. 愿望, 欲望, 渴望 vt. 渴望, 期望; 想要
【写作金句】 Even so, she impressed the world with her courage and strong desire to succeed.
即使如此, 她的勇气和对成功的强烈渴望令世人印象深刻。
【语块必记】
(2)desire to do sth. 渴望做某事
desire sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事
desire that. . . (should) do sth. 渴望……
【误区释疑】 desire 后跟名词性从句时, 从句谓语动词用虚拟语气形式, 即“(should+)动词原形”。
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①Our students come from different backgrounds but have the same desire
________(learn) online. ?
②The public desired that the result _______________(make) in public. ?
③I desire _________(contact) him for some suggestions on improving my
listening. ?
④Artificial intelligence may satisfy human’s real ______(desire) one day.
to learn
(should) be made
to contact
desires
句型转换
⑤He desires that I (should) go abroad for further education.
→He desires ______________for further education. ?
me to go abroad
7. apply vi. 申请vt. 使用, 应用; 涂抹, 敷
【写作金句】 Students can apply what they have learned in class to practical work, thus knowing themselves more clearly.
学生可以把他们在课堂上所学的知识运用于工作实践, 这样他们就能更清楚地了解自己。
【语块必记】
(1)apply. . . to. . . 把……运用到……中; 把……涂到……上
apply to. . . 适应……; 适用于……
apply (to. . . ) for. . . (向……)申请……
apply oneself to 集中精力于
(2)applicant n. 申请人
application n. 申请; 申请书; 适用
【语境速测】 写出黑体部分的含义
①He is now applying the same techniques to white blood cells. ( )
②Interested in this international network, I am writing to apply for its
membership. ( )
③The nurse applied the ointment to the wound. ( )
应用, 使用
申请
敷
单句语法填空
④The new technology, if _______(apply) to rice growing, will help increase
the grain output.
⑤His __________(apply) for membership of the organization was rejected.
⑥If the _________(apply) is not a true candidate for the job, do not interview
him.
applied
application
applicant
句式升级 世纪金榜导学号
⑦If you apply yourself to the job in hand, you’ll soon finish it.
→__________________________________________________(用现在分词短
语作状语)?
→_________________________________________?
(用过去分词短语作状语)
Applying yourself to the job in hand, you’ll soon finish it.
Applied to the job in hand, you’ll soon finish it.
Part 2 重点短语句式
8. come across(偶然)遇见; 发现; 被理解
【写作金句】 She was cleaning out the attic one day when she came across an old dusty manuscript. 一天, 她在清理阁楼时, 偶然发现了一份满是灰尘的旧手稿。
【语块必记】
come about 发生
come on 来吧; 赶快; 进步
come out 出版; 出来; 出现; 结果是
come to 苏醒; 总计; 达到
come to oneself 苏醒, 恢复知觉
come up 走近; 上来; 发芽; 被提出
come up with 想出; 提出
when it comes to . . . 当谈到……时
come along with 随同; 和……一起来
【语境速测】 写出黑体部分的含义
①Is this your necklace, Mary? I came across it when I was cleaning the
bathroom this morning. ( )
②When walking down the street, I came across David who I hadn’t seen for
years. ( )
③She explained for a long time, but her meaning didn’t really come across.
( )
偶然发现
遇见
被理解
用come的短语填空
④But when it ________embryonic learning, birds could rule the roost. ?
⑤In the mid-1700s, a Frenchman ____________a new design of road. ?
⑥When we were wondering what to do, the manager ________. ?
⑦We are going to the park, and do you want to ______________us? ?
comes to
came up with
came out
come along with
【知识拓展】 表示“偶然遇到”的短语还有:
run across, meet with, happen to meet, meet. . . by chance/accident
9. result in 导致, 结果是……
【写作金句】 Faced with this phenomenon, we must take some measures to deal with it , otherwise , it will result in great losses in the future.
面对这种现象, 必须采取一定的措施加以解决, 否则将来会造成巨大损失。
【语块必记】
result from 由……造成; 因……而产生
as a result of 由于; 作为……的结果
as a result 结果
without result 没有结果; 白费
with the result that. . . 结果……
【语境速测】 用result的短语完成句子
①Diamonds are made ___________great volcanic heat and pressure. 钻石
是因巨大的火山热力和压力而产生的。?
②__________, the bad thing has been turned into a good one. 结果坏事变成了
好事。?
③单句语法填空
The kindness and diligence of the young man resulted __ his promotion in his
work.
as a result of
As a result
in
【误区释疑】
(1)result是不及物动词, 与in连用, 表示“引起某种结果”, 句子的主语是原因, in的宾语是结果。
(2)result from“由……造成”, 后接导致某事的原因; result in则后接所导致的结果。
(3)as a result为固定词组, 意为“结果, 因此”, 在句中作状语, 常置于句首, 并用逗号和后面的句子隔开。
(4)as a result of “由于; 作为……的结果”。在句中特指引起某种结果的原因, 用不定冠词代替定冠词。
【巧学助记】
10. By the 1920s, he had become an explorer, searching for the tombs of the Egyptian kings. ?
到了20世纪20年代, 他已经成为一名探险家, 致力于寻找古埃及国王的陵墓。
【写作金句】 By the time the English teacher came in, we had started practicing English.
在英语老师进来前, 我们就已经开始练习说英语了。
【句型公式】
“by+时间”作状语
“by+时间”作状语, 句子时态如下:
(1)“by+现在时间”, 主句用现在完成时;
(2)“by+过去时间”, 主句用过去完成时;
(3)“by+将来时间”, 主句用将来完成时。
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①By now, five villagers _________________(attack) by the hairy creature. ?
②By the time the doctor arrived at the spot, the patient ________(die) . ?
完成句子
③By the autumn of 2021, the water replenishment project in Linqing ________
______________. ?
到2021年秋天, 临清的补水工程将会已经完成。
have been attacked
had died
will have
been completed
11. Although Yang did not get the best scores on every single test, it was his high scores on the psychological tests that finally won him the status of China’s first astronaut. 虽然杨(利伟)并非每项测试都得了最高分, 但他各项心理测试所得的高分最终为他赢得了中国首位宇航员的席位。?
【写作金句】 It is those advantages above that make me qualified for the position.
正是上述优势能让我胜任这个职位。
【句型公式】
强调句型(It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子其他成分)。
(1)强调句型的基本结构: It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子其他部分。用于强调句子主语、宾语和状语。
(2)强调句型的一般疑问句: Is/Was it +被强调部分+that/who+句子其他部分?
(3)强调句型的特殊疑问句: 疑问词(被强调部分)+is/was+it+that+句子其他部分?
(4)not. . . until. . . 结构的强调句型: It is/was not until. . . that. . . 。
【语境速测】 完成句子
①_____________am going to attend the meeting. ?
是我要去参加这个会议。
②______________________we got together last time? ?
我们上次相聚是在五年前吗?
③The patient looks much better. _____________has made him what he is
today? 那个病人看上去好多了。是什么让他变成今天这样的呢? ?
It is I that/who
Was it five years ago that
What is it that
【误区释疑】 慧眼识别强调句
把 It is/was . . . that 去掉, 看句子的结构及语意是否完整, 若完整, 则为强调句; 若不完整, 则不是。
It was at the school gate that I met an old friend of mine. (强调句)
It was the school gate where I met an old friend of mine. (定语从句)
【备选要点】
1. preserve vt. 保存, 保护, 保持n. 保护区
【写作金句】 With the limited natural resources, we should take action to preserve them from being wasted.
自然资源有限, 我们应采取行动保护资源不被浪费。
【语块必记】
(1)preserve . . . from . . . 保护……免于……
be well/strictly preserved 被很好/严格地保存
(2)preservation n. 维护; 保护; 保养
in good preservation 处于良好的保存状态
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①Social activities usually preserve old people _____ the loneliness.
②I think these interesting old customs should _______________(preserve). ?
我认为这些有趣的旧习俗应该被很好地保留下来。
from
be well preserved
完成句子
③As we all know, the police are responsible for the _____________________
_____. ?
我们大家都知道警察是负责维护法律和秩序的。
④The old building is __________________. ?
这栋旧建筑被保存得很好。
⑤In this ______________all the rare plants ________________. ?
在这个自然保护区, 所有的珍稀植物都保存得很完好。
preservation of law and
order
in good preservation
nature preserve,
are well preserved
2. disturb vt. 打扰, 扰乱; 使(某人)烦恼或不安
【写作金句】 People should not do things that will disturb their neighbors unnecessarily.
人们不应当做那些没有必要打扰邻居们的事情。
【语块必记】
(1)It disturbs/disturbed sb. to do sth.
做某事使某人不安
be disturbed by 为……感到不安; 被……打扰
(2)disturbed adj. 感到不安的; 心烦意乱的
disturbing adj. 令人不安的, 引起烦恼的
【易混辨析】 disturb/interrupt
disturb 指人的心情、睡眠、安静被干扰, 妨碍; 还可表示“使……不安”
interrupt 多指由于某种外界因素, 如“插嘴”而中断、打断别人的讲话或活动
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①The story takes place during a _________(disturb) time in South Africa,
when the country was dealing with violence and the rapid spread of AIDS.
②My grandmother is very _________(disturb) by the loss of hearing.
disturbing
disturbed
完成句子
③I _____________________the way she educated her children. ?
我对她教育孩子的方式感到十分不安。
④______________________that she was alone. ?
她意识到自己孤单一人, 心里很不安。
选词填空(interrupt/disturb)
⑤I don’t mind being __________ by the students in class but I do hate being
_________ by the noise made by the machines from the construction site near
my school.
was rather disturbed by
It disturbed her to realize
interrupted
disturbed
3. requirement n. 要求, 规定
【语块必记】
meet/satisfy/fulfill sb. ’s requirements 满足某人的需要
requirements for . . . ……的要求
requirement that . . . ……的要求 (从句用虚拟语气)
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①Your requirement that she ____________(wait) till next week is reasonable. ?
句型转换
②It is our demand that she (should) go there.
→It is our ___________that she(should) go there.
(should) wait
requirement
4. superior n. 上级, 上司 adj. 更好的, 更高的
【语块必记】
be superior to . . . 优于/高于……
superior in . . . 在……方面占优势的
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①I prefer this book, which is superior __ that.
句型转换
②He is clearly better than all the other candidates.
→He is clearly __________all the other candidates. ?
to
superior to
【误区释疑】 英语中像superior, inferior, senior 等本身就具有比较级的含义, 故不可再用more来修饰。
5. in control of掌管, 控制
【写作金句】 Spend the least time on those things that are completely out of control, and figure out what you can do to make a difference.
在那些完全控制不了的事情上用最少的时间, 弄清楚你能做些什么才能带来改变。
【语块必记】
(1)under control 被控制住, 处于控制中
beyond control 无法控制
under the control of (某物)在……控制之下
out of control 失去控制
(2)lose control of 失去对……的控制
keep control over/of 控制住……
get/take control of 控制……; 取得对……的控制
bring/get/keep sth. under control
把……控制住
【语境速测】 用control相关短语完成句子
①But they were no match for it and the boat was ____________. ?
②This boy’s teacher was in tears, and could not ____________the situation. ?
③Most damagingly, anger weakens a person’s ability to think clearly and
_______________his behaviour. ?
④The driver ____________the car on a slippery road and crashed into a
truck. ?
out of control
get control of
keep control over
lost control of
【误区释疑】 注意 “in control of与in the control of” 在意思上的区别, 前者的主语一般是人, 意为“某人控制某物”; 后者的主语一般是物, 意为“某物由某人控制”。类似的短语还有:
6. pay off 成功, 带来好结果; 得到回报; 还清
【写作金句】 Though Tang poems are very difficult to learn, your efforts will pay off one day.
尽管唐诗很难学, 但你的努力总有一天会得到回报。
【语块必记】
pay back 偿还(欠款); 报复; 回报
pay for . . . 付钱买……, 为……付出代价
pay a visit to 参观; 拜访
pay attention to 注意; 留心
【语境速测】 写出黑体部分的含义
①It is rather costly to install the machinery, but it will pay off in the long
run. ( )
②They have loans, bills, and a mortgage to pay off, retirement to save for.
( )
③Tim, believe me, all your efforts will pay off some day. ( )
成功, 带来好结果
还清
得到回报
用pay的短语填空
④He also studied people, _________________what they did and why they did
it. ?
⑤I also hope that the great effort I am making will ______.
⑥You may rely on it that he will ________all the debts. ?
⑦On weekends we often ___________the nursing homes and do them a
favour for washing or cleaning. ?
⑧She did part-time jobs to get more money to help _______school. ?
paying attention to
pay off
pay back
pay a visit to
pay for
核心素养测评六 Unit 3 Amazing people
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
A
Following Mo Yan’s Nobel Prize, the usually silent Chinese literary circle got warmed up again. A Shanghai writer named Jin Yucheng surprised nearly everyone by making his new novel full of the Shanghai dialect(方言).
Published in 2012, the 350, 000-word Blossoms is a novel about the changes in Shanghai over 30 years, drawing clear images of the city through the stories of many common people. There is no main story like most novels, but every story in it could run independently. While Putonghua is the standard choice for Chinese literature today, Jin’s use of the Shanghai dialect appears both different and bold.
“I have seen too many novels that look similar to each other. Chinese literature is getting monotonous both in language and form. I want to be special with my own language, ” Jin told the Global Times.
In the novel, Jin makes a breakthrough by mainly using dialogues to unfold various plots and represent typical characters on a daily basis. He also abandons the use of some punctuation like quotation marks(引号), showing a return to the traditional Chinese huaben(话本) genre.
Since its publication, the book has been widely recommended on Sina Weibo with many netizens rating the novel high for its unique use of the dialect and vivid description of life using plain speech.
Jin said that he got the idea of writing the novel while chatting in an online forum where people use the Shanghai dialect. The praise he received from the netizens encouraged him to continue writing the random stories.
“I’d like to see more writers to follow my lead. It will enrich our literature and make it diverse, ” he said.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了上海作家金宇澄的小说《繁花》。
1. What can we know from the first two paragraphs?
A. The Chinese literary circle is always silent.
B. Mo Yan was surprised at Jin Yucheng’s new novel.
C. The novel represents a modern lifestyle in Shanghai.
D. The stories in the novel aren’t linked to each other.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“There is no main story like most novels, but every story in it could run independently. ”可知, 《繁花》没有像大多数小说那样有一个主要故事, 但它的每一个故事都可以独立成篇。据此可知, 这部小说中的故事并没有互相联系, 故D项正确。
2. What does the underlined word “monotonous” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A. Lacking in variety.
B. Short of expectations.
C. Wanting further improvement.
D. Requiring more consideration.
【解析】选A。词义猜测题。根据第三段第一句“I have seen too many novels that look similar to each other. ”可知, 金宇澄认为中国的很多小说看上去彼此相似; 再结合该段第三句中的“I want to be special with my own language”可知, 他想要用自己的语言让自己的小说有特色。据此可推知“Chinese literature is getting monotonous both in language and form. ”表示中国文学在语言和形式上正变得单调, 画线词与A项含义相近, 故A项正确。B项意为“低于预期”, C项意为“想要进一步改善”, D项意为“需要更多的考虑”, 都与文意不符。
3. How does Jin Yucheng make a breakthrough in his new novel?
A. By inventing lots of typical characters.
B. By creating a vivid background.
C. By employing dialogues to develop plots and characters.
D. By playing with beautiful words in Shanghai dialect.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“In the novel, Jin makes a breakthrough by mainly using dialogues to unfold various plots and represent typical characters on a daily basis. ”可知, 金宇澄在小说中主要是使用对话来展开各种情节并描写日常生活中的典型人物来取得突破的, 故C项正确。
4. What encouraged Jin Yucheng to continue writing in dialect?
A. The netizens’ posts.
B. The netizens’ praise.
C. The citizens’ comments.
D. Other writers’ encouragement.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第六段第二句“The praise he received from the netizens encouraged him to continue writing the random stories. ”可知, 网民们的赞扬鼓励着他继续用方言写小说, 故B项正确。
B
Sometimes we may find that every week there are a lot of new stories about how climate change is affecting the planet, or new plans to battle its effects. But the concept itself isn’t new at all—in fact, scientists have been exploring questions about climate change for almost 200 years.
The idea of “greenhouse gases” goes back to 1824, when Joseph Fourier wondered what was regulating the earth’s temperature. Fourier concluded that the atmosphere must be responsible for containing the heat absorbed from the sun and described it as a box with a glass lid: As light shines through the glass, the inside gets warmer as the lid traps the heat. As Fourier’s ideas spread, it came to be called “the greenhouse effect”.
Scientists continued to study the greenhouse effect. Not until a Swedish chemist named Svante Arrhenius came along, did scientists understand how global warming actually works. After years of work, Arrhenius determined that the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere did in fact have a direct effect on global temperatures.
Arrhenius found that CO2 and other gases trap radiation, which warms the atmosphere. Arrhenius was the first to suspect that burning coal could contribute to the greenhouse effect. But Arrhenius welcomed the warming effect on the planet. At a lecture later that year, Arrhenius noted that creatures of a warmer earth “might live under a milder sky and in less barren surroundings”.
While Arrhenius’ findings won him the 1903 Nobel Prize in chemistry, scientists kept debating whether the greenhouse effect was increasing until 1950, when researchers finally began to find strong data supporting it. By the end of the 1950s, American scientists had been sounding the alarm on the long-term consequences of climate change. Climate change research has come a long way since Fourier first described the greenhouse effect—still, maybe Arrhenius should have been more careful of what he wished for.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了科学家们对气候变化及其对地球造成影响的探索。
5. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A. The atmosphere.
B. The greenhouse effect.
C. The climate change.
D. The heat from the sun.
【解析】选A。指代判断题。根据第二段中的“Fourier concluded that the atmosphere must be responsible for containing the heat absorbed from the sun and described it as a box with a glass lid”可知, it应指代其前某个单数或不可数名词, 结合语境可判断指代atmosphere, 故选A。
6. When did the scientists find evidence for the bad effect of global warming?
A. In 1903. B. In 1950.
C. 200 years ago. D. By the end of 1950s.
【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“By the end of the 1950s, American scientists had been sounding the alarm on the long-term consequences of climate change. ”可知, 到20世纪50年代末, 美国科学家们才发出气候变暖的长期后果的警报, 推断此时发现了全球变暖的危害的证据, 故选D。
7. What’s the author’s attitude towards Arrhenius’ wish?
A. Positive. B. Indifferent.
C. Supportive. D. Opposed.
【解析】选D。观点态度题。根据文章第四段最后一句谈及Arrhenius对气候变暖的观点, 并对照最后一段中的“. . . still, maybe Arrhenius should have been more careful of what he wished for”可知, 作者对瑞典化学家Arrhenius的观点持反对意见, 故选D。
8. What’s the main idea of the text?
A. Causes of climate change.
B. Effects of greenhouse gases.
C. Explorations on climate change.
D. Findings about global warming.
【解析】选C。主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知, 本文主要讲述了科学家们对气候变化的众多探索。其他选项均较为片面, 仅为文中谈及的一个方面, 故选C。
Ⅱ. 阅读填句世纪金榜导学号
根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Gardening 380 Kilometers above Earth
Astronauts have to go through physical, psychological, and technical training. They also go through training in how to care for plants. These “astronaut gardeners” share their work and living space with plants.
Taking seeds and plants along on a trip isn’t a new idea. As space trips become longer, it will be necessary to grow food in space. 1 Because of this, it’s not practical to send everything needed for a long journey, only to be used once and thrown away. ?
Plants can serve many uses on a space journey. They can provide more fresh things. 2 Also, plants can help to make air quality better because they produce oxygen. They can improve the quality of the air inside the spacecraft—the only air the astronauts can breathe. ?
3 Due to the lack of gravity in space, the oxygen that the plants produce stays around the plants. This can actually kill them, so fans are needed to circulate the air. Without gravity, roots don’t “know” to grow down, leaves don’t “know” to grow up, and water doesn’t easily travel up the roots to the leaves. 4 Besides, soil is too heavy to send to space, and special liquid gels (凝胶) are used to help plant growth. ?
Scientists are also working on the plants themselves. They are trying to make plants grow more rapidly and grow with less water and light in space, and they are looking for ways to make plants more resistant to disease. 5 Imagine that deserts may one day provide lots of fresh food for local people, saving transportation costs. Similarly, plants that are resistant to disease could provide an important food supply. With the world’s population now at about 7. 7 billion people, our astronaut gardeners may help discover ways to feed those billions. ?
A. Every plant grown in space must have several uses.
B. However, there are challenges with growing plants in space.
C. Such methods may result in improvements back here on Earth.
D. The cost of taking anything into space is about $22, 000 per kilogram.
E. Specialized containers are being developed to help the plants grow correctly.
F. Astronauts will welcome the addition of fruit and vegetables to their diet of dry foods.
G. Currently all oxygen is taken aboard in tanks.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了宇航员在太空种植物的原因和好处以及种植方法。
1. 【解析】选D。空后是说将所有所需东西带上太空是不切合实际的; 据此可推知, 空处应是介绍空后一句的原因。故D项“带任何东西到太空的花费大约是每千克22 000美元”符合语境。
2. 【解析】选F。根据空前一句可知, 植物可以为宇航员提供新鲜的东西; 根据空后一句可知, 植物还可以改善宇宙飞船内的空气质量, 因为其可以产生氧气; 据此可推知, 空处应是介绍太空种植植物的好处, 即宇航员也喜欢在他们的干粮中有新鲜的果蔬食物。故F项正确。
3. 【解析】选B。上文介绍了太空种植的好处, 即为宇航员提供新鲜的果蔬、改善宇宙飞船的空气质量等; 结合下文可知, 种植太空果蔬有一定的困难; 据此可知, 空处承上启下, 与上文形成转折关系。故B项正确。
4. 【解析】选E。根据上文可知, 在失重的情况下, 植物的根和叶不知道如何生长, 水分也不容易从根部传到叶子上; 而空后一句介绍了关于土壤的解决方法; 据此可推知, 空处应是介绍解决上述问题的方法。故E项“正在研制专门的容器去帮助植物正确地生长”符合语境。
5. 【解析】选C。根据空前一句可知, 科学家们正在寻找各种让植物少使用水却能在太空快速生长, 而且可以抵抗病害的方法; 且下文又提到改良后的植物对地球的影响; 据此可推知, 空处应是说明这些方法可以在地球上运用以带来积极效果。故C项正确。
Ⅲ. 语法填空
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Most 97-year-olds would 1. (probable) feel accomplished just getting out of bed in the morning. John B. Goodenough, 97, just won the Nobel Prize in chemistry. ?
2. (bear) in 1922 in Jena, Germany, Goodenough earned a PhD from the University of Chicago in 1952. He went on to work at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, then at the University of Oxford. It was at Oxford 3. Goodenough made the groundbreaking discovery of lithium-ion batteries (锂离子电池) that helped 4. (he) win the Nobel. ?
The ability 5. (store)energy from renewable sources, the sun, the wind, opens up 6. sustainable energy consumption. From laptops to smartphones, lithium-ion batteries power some of the most commonly used devices. Electric vehicles 7. (make) possible because of the development of these batteries, and wireless communication has flourished because of
8. technology. ?
Even at the age of 97, he continues to develop new polymers and battery concepts with researchers in his lab. He is now largely focused on 9.
(develop) all-solid-state batteries as they can offer better 10. (safe). ?
【文章大意】由于在锂离子电池领域的贡献, 97岁的古迪纳夫是迄今为止最年长的诺贝尔化学奖获得者。
1. 【解析】probably。考查词形变化。大多数97岁的老年人可能只要早上能起得了床就会充满成就感。此处修饰动词feel, 应使用副词形式, 故填probably。
2. 【解析】Born。考查非谓语动词。be born in意为“出生于”, 和句子主语Goodenough在逻辑上是被动关系, 此处使用过去分词作状语。故填Born。
3. 【解析】that。考查强调句型。正是在牛津大学期间, 古迪纳夫有了对锂离子电池的突破性发现, 帮助他获得了诺贝尔奖。该句为强调句, 其结构为“It was +被强调部分+that从句”, 被强调的是地点状语at Oxford。故填that。
4. 【解析】him。考查代词。作help的宾语, 用代词的宾格。
5. 【解析】to store。考查非谓语动词。the ability后常用不定式作定语, 修饰名词。
6. 【解析】for。锂离子电池储存来自太阳能、风能等可再生能源的能力为可持续的能源消费打开了大门。此处表示目的, 故填for。
7. 【解析】were made。由于锂离子电池的发展, 使电动汽车有可能被研发出来。make和Electric vehicles在逻辑上是被动关系; 根据常识, 电动汽车被研发发生在过去, 故填一般过去时的被动语态。
8. 【解析】the。无线通信也因为锂离子电池的技术而蓬勃发展。此处表示特指, 故填the。
9. 【解析】developing。古迪纳夫现在主要专注于开发全固态电池。作介词on的宾语且表示动作, 应使用动名词形式。故填developing。
10. 【解析】safety。它们能够提供更好的安全性。作动词offer的宾语应使用名词, 故填safety。
语法填空
阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入1个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Life and Work of Marie Curie
Marie Curie is probably the most famous woman scientist 1. has ever lived. Born in Poland in 1867, she is famous for her work on radioactivity, and was twice a 2. (win) of the Nobel Prize. With her husband, Pierre Curie, and Henri Becquerel, she was 3. (award) the 1903 Nobel Prize for Physics, and was the sole winner of 4. 1911 Nobel Prize for Chemistry.
From childhood, Marie was praised for her great memory, and at the age of 16 won a gold medal on completion of her secondary education. 5. her father lost his savings through bad investment, she had to take work as a teacher. From her earnings she was able to help her sister Bronia study 6. Paris, on the understanding 7. Bronia would, in turn, later help her to get an education.
In 1891, this promise 8. (accomplish) and Marie went to Paris and began to study at the University of Paris. She often worked far into the night and lived on little more than bread and tea. Due to her hard work, she always came
9. (one) in the examination. It was 10. until the spring of that year that she was introduced to Pierre Curie.
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文, 讲述了有史以来最有名的女科学家之一——居里夫人的生活与工作。
1. 【解析】who/that。考查定语从句的引导词。设空处引导定语从句, 修饰先行词woman scientist, 且在定语从句中作主语, 故填who/that。
2. 【解析】winner。考查词性转换。冠词后用单数名词, 且表示“(诺贝尔奖)得主/获得者”, 故填winner。
3. 【解析】awarded。考查动词的语态。此处表示“她被授予1903年诺贝尔物理学奖”, she与award之间是被动关系, 应用被动语态, 故填awarded。
4. 【解析】the。考查冠词。她在1911年赢得了诺贝尔化学奖。特指1911年的诺贝尔化学奖, 故填the。
5. 【解析】Because。考查连词。此处表示因为她父亲投资失败而将积蓄付之一空, 她不得不工作。上下文表示因果关系, 故填Because。
6. 【解析】in。考查介词。表示在巴黎, 指大地方, 故填in。
7. 【解析】that。考查固定搭配。on the understanding that “以……为条件”, 为固定用法, 故填that。
8. 【解析】was accomplished。考查动词的时态和语态。主语promise和所给词之间是被动关系, 全文时态是一般过去时, 故填was accomplished。
9. 【解析】first。考查序数词。居里夫人学习非常刻苦, 她总是考第一名, 故填first。
10. 【解析】not。考查连词。强调“直到……才”, 用not. . . until. . . , 故填not。
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
Stephen Hawking was a British Scientist, professor and author who made great contributions to physics and cosmology (宇宙学). His books helped to make science much easier to understand. Here is a brief introduction to his family and early years.
As the eldest of Frank and Isobel Hawking’s four children, Stephen Hawking was born into a family of thinkers. His Scottish mother earned her way into Oxford University in the 1930s-a time when few women were able to go to college. His father, another Oxford graduate, was a medical researcher.
Stephen Hawking’s birth came at an inopportune time for his parents, who didn’t have much money. And England was dealing with World War Ⅱ. In an effort to look for a safer place, Isobel returned to Oxford to have their first child. The Hawkings would go on to have two other children, Mary (1943) and Philippa (1947). And their second son, Edward, was adopted in 1956.
In 1950, Hawking’s father was sent to Africa and spent the winter months there doing research. He wanted his eldest child to go into medicine, but at an early age, Hawking showed an interest in science and the sky. That was clear to his mother, who, along with her children, often relaxed in the backyard on summer evenings and looked at the stars. “Stephen always had a strong sense of wonder, ” she remembered. “And I could see that the stars would draw him. ”
Hawking was also frequently on the go. With his sister Mary Hawking, who loved to climb, designed different entry routes into the family home. He loved to dance and also took an interest in rowing, becoming a team coxswain (舵手) in college.
【文章大意】本文为说明文。讲述的是著名的科学家、教授和作家斯蒂芬·霍金的家庭及早期的生活。
1. What do we know about Stephen Hawking’s family from the text?
A. Hawking was the oldest child in his family.
B. Hawking’s mother was a teacher at Oxford University.
C. Hawking had two brothers and three sisters altogether.
D. Hawking’s father graduated from London University.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第二段“As the eldest of Frank and Isobel Hawking’s four children. . . ”可知霍金是家中的长子, 故A项正确。
2. What is the meaning of the underlined word “inopportune” in the third paragraph?
A. Bringing great luck.
B. All of a sudden.
C. Happening at a bad time.
D. Causing trouble.
【解析】选C。词义猜测题。根据第三段“. . . who didn’t have much money. And England was dealing with World War Ⅱ. ”可知当时他的父母没有钱, 而且英国要处理二战事宜, 政治环境也较为动乱, 所以他的出生不合时宜。
3. Where was Hawking born?
A. In Africa. B. In the US.
C. In Scotland. D. In Oxford.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第三段“In an effort to look for a safer place, Isobel returned to Oxford to have their first child. ”可知, 霍金在牛津出生。
4. Why did Hawking choose to study science and the sky?
A. Because his father asked him to do so.
B. Because his mother had a great influence on him.
C. Because he was interested in them at an early age.
D. Because he was fond of doing research on stars.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。 根据第四段“. . . but at an early age, Hawking showed an interest in science and the sky. ”可知, 因为霍金从小对科学和天空感兴趣, 所以他选择研究这些领域, 故C项正确。
Ⅱ. 完形填空
You may always hear about people who knew exactly what they wanted to do with their life from the time they were in kindergarten. I didn’t consider lots of career 1 when I graduated from high school. Like most students who earned good grades in math and science classes, I found people encouraging me to be an engineer. But all of that changed when I went to my university. ?
I will never forget the feeling of walking into my very first biology 2 . I nervously found a seat and waited for the type of 3 you see in TV shows, old and strict. What I got was exactly opposite. Dr Espinoza was a caring and enthusiastic teacher, and two terms of her classes made me fall in love with biology. Her exciting classes made me 4 that I had other choices besides being a(n) 5 . It meant I was headed for a career in biological research. ?
6 Dr Espinoza and many other professors like her, I found that scientists aren’t just what we 7 on the National Geographic Channel. They are real people who answer real questions and 8 real problems. This led me to seek out 9 to do real science projects and see if I 10 it. While I was at university, I learned how to ask good questions, how to 11 experiments and collect data, and how to share what I learned with people. As it 12 , I loved every minute of it. ?
Falling in love with 13 was a long process for me, but it led me to a job I love. Like the science itself, my journey toward being a scientist was slow, but helped along by many teachers and professors who 14 me the way. Now, I try my best to learn new things and 15 new knowledge. ?
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了“我”上大学后, 老师和教授们对“我”的专业和择业产生的深远影响。
1. A. development B. difficulties
C. choices D. requirements
【解析】选C。根据下文的“that I had other choices . . . in biological research”可知, 高中毕业时, “我”没考虑过众多的职业选择(choices)。development “发展”; difficulty “困难”; requirement “所需的东西”。
2. A. league B. lecture
C. test D. teamwork
【解析】选B。根据下文中的“and two terms of her classes made me fall in love with biology”可知, 此处填入的词在范畴上应与classes一致, 故lecture “讲座”符合语境。
3. A. agent B. volunteer
C. host D. professor
【解析】选D。根据语境可知, 此处指坐等教授(professor)的到来。agent “代理人, 经纪人”; volunteer “志愿者”; host “主人, 节目主持人”。
4. A. realize B. regret C. refuse D. recall
【解析】选A。她令人振奋的课使“我”意识到(realize)除了成为一名工程师(engineer), “我”还可以从事生物学研究。
5. A. lawyer B. educator
C. scholar D. engineer
【解析】选D。第一段中的“engineer”是提示。lawyer“律师”; educator“教育家”; scholar“学者”。
6. A. As to B. Due to
C. On behalf of D. In spite of
【解析】选B。由于(Due to) Dr Espinoza和许多其他像她一样的教授的影响, “我”发现科学家并非像我们在国家地理频道上了解到(learn about)的那样。as to “关于, 至于”; on behalf of “代表”; in spite of “尽管”。
7. A. take care of B. make fun of
C. learn about D. search for
【解析】选C。take care of“照顾”; make fun of“取笑”; learn about“了解”; search for“寻找”。结合句意可知选B项。
8. A. solve B. bring C. raise D. ignore
【解析】选A。他们是回答真实问题并解决(solve)实际问题的有血有肉的人。
9. A. concepts B. opportunities
C. faith D. ambition
【解析】选B。这引领着“我”去寻找做真正的科学研究项目的机会(opportunities)并看一下“我”是否喜欢(enjoyed)它。concept “概念, 观念”; faith “信任, 信仰”; ambition “夙愿, 抱负”。
10. A. enjoyed B. doubted
C. recommended D. acknowledged
【解析】选A。下文中的“loved”是提示。doubt “怀疑”; recommend “推荐, 建议”; acknowledge “承认, 感谢”。
11. A. replace B. predict
C. conduct D. copy
【解析】选C。在大学里, “我”学到了如何问好的问题, 如何做(conduct)实验和收集数据, 以及如何与别人分享“我”了解到的东西。conduct experiments “做实验”, 为固定用法。replace“代替”; predict“预言”; copy“复制”。
12. A. came about B. broke up
C. set off D. turned out
【解析】选D。结果是(turned out), “我”喜欢科学研究的每一分钟。come about “发生, 造成”; break up “粉碎, 破碎”; set off “出发, 动身”。
13. A. literature B. science
C. language D. art
【解析】选B。根据上文做科学研究项目的描述可知B项符合语境。
14. A. promised B. showed
C. left D. awarded
【解析】选B。show指引, 符合语境。
15. A. record B. admire C. create D. forget
【解析】选C。现在“我”努力学习新东西并创造(create)新知识。
Ⅲ. 应用文写作
假如你叫王玲, 今年参加了某大学的自主招生考试。这所大学要求考生用英语写一封申请信, 请按下面提示写一封英语申请信。内容包括:
1. 个人情况;
2. 个人条件;
3. 申请此大学的原因。
注意: 1. 词数80左右;
2. 开头语已为你写好, 不计入总词数;
3. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。
Dear Dean,
My name is Wang Ling. I’ve learned that your university will recruit students in advance.
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
Yours truly,
Wang Ling
【参考范文】
Dear Dean,
My name is Wang Ling. I’ve learned that your university will recruit students in advance.
With a great longing to enter your university, I’d like to make this application. I am a girl of 18 at Hongxing High School. I do well in every subject, especially in English. I ever won the first prize in the National English Speaking Contest for the high school students. Deeply interested in your school, which enjoys a high reputation and beautiful campus, I am writing to you in the hope that I may obtain an opportunity to pursue undergraduate study at your university. If you could give me a chance, I’d be very grateful.
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours truly,
Wang Ling
Ⅳ. 读后续写
阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
In the far away land, there was a beautiful kingdom with its unique rule. The rule said, everyone may become the king, with all of his rights to govern the country for five years. After that he must be caught, his body will be tied and he will be thrown away to a remote island where the jungle is thick and there are plenty of wild animals and no human.
Then, one by one, people became the king. The first man said, “OK, I’m ready to be the king. ” And he became a king for five years. What he did in his five years was enjoying his position. He threw big parties, went to many beautiful places, married many women, collected many luxurious things and did other things that pleased himself. Those were all he did and he never prepared anything for his future. Until one day the time came. One morning when the king woke up, suddenly strong soldiers came to his palace and said, “We came here under the order of constitution. Now it’s time for you to be thrown away to the remote island. ” The king wasn’t surprised but he felt that time passed by too fast. He had enjoyed himself in the past five years but now he had to accept his destiny with tears in his eyes. The soldiers sent him to the dangerous island and left. All they heard was the voices of the wild animals and the long scream of the former king; and then silent again.
Every other king was the same until a young man came and declared his wish. By the constitution he was granted his wish. He would be a hug for five years before being thrown away to the island. But if other kings would follow their passion for having fun, he didn’t. The king was always seen to be thinking.
注意: 续写部分分为两段, 每段的开头语已为你写好。
And not very long after that, he made a surprising decision. _____________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
Finally the time came when the king had to be thrown away to the island. ?
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
And not very long after that, he made a surprising decision. He decided to use all his rights to prepare for his life at the remote island. In the first year he sent troops, veterinarians and animal trainers to kill the wild animals or train them for good use. The task was so huge but it was worthwhile. Then the king sent a lot of farmers to start a wide rice field and began to grow rice. Next he had many facilities , from hospital to school, built. After that he sent a lot of educated people there. At last he sent all his families to the island.
Finally the time came when the king had to be thrown away to the island. With many strong soldiers catching him, he smiled. He had prepared everything for the final day. When he was sent to the island, the island had taken on a new look. Everybody there lived a comfortable life and the king was welcomed warmly by his people. They cheered, “Long live the wise king”. The wise king lived happily ever after. The clever people live now in the world to prepare for their life in the future.
阅读理解
Thomas Hardy, probably the most searching and knowledgeable novelist of his time, was born on June 2, 1840, in Dorsetshire, England. He died on January 11, 1928. In his youth, Hardy read much and dreamt of becoming a poet, but he studied and practiced architecture as an assistant to a London architect, winning a prize for design. The fine descriptions of structure in his novels were probably somewhat due to his architectural training.
For five years Hardy worked hard to practice writing poetry, but when he was twenty-seven, he turned to fiction. His first novel finished by 1868, but according to the advice of George Meredith he decided not to publish it. After he abandoned his first novel, his another novel Desperate Remedies, appeared in 1871. During the next twenty-five years he published ten more novels and two collections of short stories.
Under the Greenwood Tree (1872) was never surpassed (超越) in happy and delicate perfection of art. This and his next novel, A Pair of Blue Eyes (1873), began to show deep irony (讽刺) which is so obvious throughout Hardy’s writings.
Far from the Madding Crowd (1874) was his first popular success. It shows Hardy’s amazing power of describing nature as symbolic background for his characters, an organic part of the action of his story. This was the earliest of what he called his novels of character and environment, which included The Return of the Native, Tess of the d’Urbervilles, his masterpiece, and Jude the Obscure. Not until he was fifty-eight years old was his first collection of poems published, and he was sixty-four when the first part of his drama The Dynasts surprised the literary world.
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作家Thomas Hardy和他的一些作品。
1. How did Thomas Hardy benefit from his architectural career?
A. He could practice writing while working.
B. He made a lot of money to support his writing.
C. He found material for his novels and poems.
D. He applied architectural knowledge to his novels.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“The fine descriptions of structure in his novels were probably somewhat due to his architectural training. ”可知, 在他的小说中细腻的结构描述可能得益于他在建筑方面的学习训练, 即他把建筑知识应用到了他的小说中, 故选D项。
2. What is Thomas Hardy’s Under the Greenwood Tree considered to be?
A. One of his masterworks.
B. His first popular success.
C. His best novel in perfection of art.
D. One of his best collections of poems.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Under the Greenwood Tree (1872) was never surpassed in happy and delicate perfection of art. ”可知, 《绿荫下》在艺术层面上的完美从未被超越。
3. Which of the following is one of his novels of character and environment?
A. Desperate Remedies.
B. A Pair of Blue Eyes.
C. Tess of the d’Urbervilles.
D. The Dynasts.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第四段第三句“This was the earliest of what he called his novels of character and environment, which included The Return of the Native, Tess of the d’Urbervilles, his masterpiece, and Jude the Obscure. ”可知, Tess of the d’Urbervilles是性格和环境小说, 故选C。
4. What type of writing is this text?
A. A novel. B. A biography.
C. A book review. D. A news report.
【解析】选B。推理判断题。通读全文可知, 本文主要介绍了作家Thomas Hardy和他的一些作品, 属于人物传记, 故选B。
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