(共67张PPT)
Unit 2 Language
内容索引
核心素养测评
Step 1 以高考为导向·印证教材基础
Step 2 以核心为根本·探究课堂重点
Step 3 以检测为载体·提升语基能力
Step 4 以话题为主线·锤炼素养技能
【知识主线串记】
短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点, 请按要求补全短文, 并背诵体会黑
体部分用法。
1. ___________(concern)your letter, I am pleased to inform you 2. ____ your
opinion is quite accepted by us. Aside 3. _____ being mother tongue of Britain,
the USA and Australia also have made great 4. ____________(contribute) to the
development of English. Though their English 5. ______(differ) from each other,
that
from
contributions
differs
Concerning
they can’t be 6. ________(mistake). English is very important and is one of the
7. ______(office) languages in many countries. It plays an important part in the
international communication. Most scientific achievements are written in
English. 8. _________, it is necessary to learn English well. Nowadays, it is
convenient 9. _______(learn) English because of the Internet. ?Each of us has
10. ______(access) to it.
mistaken
official
Therefore
to learn
access
Part 1 考纲高频单词
1. occupy vt. 占领; 占用(时间、空间等); 使忙碌
【写作金句】 Fully occupied in preparing teaching assignment at school, she no longer has much time to enjoy the various activities as usual.
她在学校忙于准备教学任务, 因此她不再有太多时间像往常一样享受各种活动。
【语块必记】
(1)occupy oneself with sth. /in doing sth. 忙于(做)某事
(2)occupied adj. 忙碌的; 占用的
be occupied in doing sth. 忙于做某事
be occupied with sth. 从事/忙于某事
(3)occupation n. 占领; 职业, 工作
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①__________(occupy) himself with routine tasks, he had no time to accompany
his children.
②Please fill in the form with your name, age and __________(occupy).
③The train got more jam-packed and soon all of the seats were ________
(occupy).
句型转换
④The workers occupied themselves in building new houses.
→The workers _______________building new houses. ?
Occupying
occupation
occupied
were occupied in
【误区释疑】 occupy意为“占据”时指不管某物在不在那儿, 都可以说那个地方被“occupied”了。而take up则指某物必须在那儿才可以说那个地方被“taken up”了。
【知识拓展】 “忙于(做)某事”的其他常用结构还有:
be busy/engaged with sth. , be busy doing sth. , be engaged in doing sth. , have/get sb. ’s hands full with sth.
2. raise vt. 养育, 培养; 饲养; 举起; 增加, 提高; 筹集(资金); 提及; 引起, 使出现
【文化金句】 The final aim of Chinese language education is to evoke students’ soul and to raise their culture taste.
语文教育的最终目的在于唤起学生的灵魂, 提升学生的文化品位。
【易混辨析】 arise/rise/raise/arouse
原形 词性及词义 did done v. -ing
arise (vi. )出现;
发生; 起身 arose arisen arising
rise (vi. )升起;
增长; 上升 rose risen rising
raise (vt. )举起;
抚养; 提高 raised raised raising
arouse (vt. )唤醒;
激起 aroused aroused arousing
【语境速测】 写出黑体部分的含义
①UNESCO recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its
significance, and its potential as a unifying (统一的) voice across cultures.
( )
②Two incidents in recent days have raised the level of concern. ( )
③With the improvement of people’s living standard, some people form a habit
of raising small or domestic animals as pets. ( )
④The mother raised her children in an unusual way. ( )
引起
提高, 增加
饲养
抚养, 养育
⑤His efforts to raise money for his program were in vain. ( )
⑥Whoever has difficulty with the problem can raise your hands. ( )
筹集(资金
举起
选词填空(rise/ arise/ raise/ arouse)
①The housing prices keep _____ in spite of the government’s regulations.
②What the teacher said _______ the curiosity and interest of students.
③New problems will _____ one after another in future.
④Anne ______ her voice in order to be heard.
rising
aroused
arise
raised
【巧学助记】 口诀记忆raise/rise
3. concern n. 关心; 关注; 忧虑 vt. 涉及; 使担忧; 对……感兴趣
【文化金句】 If we could show concern for others in need, the world would be a better place to live in. 如果我们能关心有困难的人, 这个世界将变成更美好的人间。
【语块必记】
(1)show/express concern about/for . . . 对……表示关心
concern oneself about/with . . . 担忧/关心……
(2)concerned adj. 有关的, 担心的
be concerned about/over/for 关心; 挂念
be concerned with/in . . . 牵扯进/参与……
as far as . . . be concerned 就……而言
(3)concerning prep. 关于; 有关
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①He asked several questions __________ (concern)the future of the company.
②The development, however, will raise legal ________ (concern)about privacy
and access to individuals’ genetic records.
③I’m sure with our efforts, more and more people will become _________
(concern) about protecting cultural relics.
concerning
concerns
concerned
完成句子
④Everyone who __________________the experiment ______________________
the result. ?
参与这个实验的人都对结果表示关心。
⑤_____________________ you can go whenever you want. ?
就我而言, 你随时都可以走。
As far as I’m concerned,
is concerned with/in
shows concern about/ for
4. access vt. 进入; 接近; 使用 n. [U]通道; 机会, 权利
【文化金句】 People have better access to health care than they used to, and they’re living longer as a result.
人们有了比过去更便捷的医疗保障, 因此, 人们的寿命更长了。
【语块必记】
(1)access to . . . 进入……的通道/入口
have/get/gain access to . . . 拥有……的机会/权利; 可以接近; 进入
give access to 准许进入
(2)accessible adj. 可接近的; 可进入的; 可使用的
be accessible to . . . 可接近的; 可靠近的; 可使用的
【语境速测】
单句语法填空
①All students have access __ the Writing Centre on the upper floor of Douglas
Hall.
②The legal aid system should be _________ (access) to more people.
③Postings on the Internet can be ________ (access) from anywhere in the world.
to
accessible
accessed
一句多译
④我们学校很现代化, 每个学生都可以使用学校图书馆。
Our school is very modern and every student ___________ the school library. ?
=Our school is very modern and every student _____________ the school
library. ?
【误区释疑】 access前通常不加冠词, 且access和accessible短语中的to是介
词。
has access to
is accessible to
5. differ vi. 相异, 有区别
【文化金句】 One false step will make a great difference.
失之毫厘, 谬以千里。
【语块必记】
(1)differ from sb. /sth. (in. . . ) (在……方面)与某人/某物不同
(2)different adj. 不同的, 有区别的
be different from. . . 与……不同/有区别
(3)difference n. 不同, 差异, 分歧
make a difference to 对……起作用/产生影响
make no difference 不起作用, 没有影响
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①Tell the person you’re sorry and explain that you have a million things to do
and then ask if the two of you can talk at a ________(differ) time.
②Things in the world differ _____ each other in a thousand ways.
③Can you tell the _________ (differ) between a robot and a human?
different
from
difference
语境填空
④They are sisters but they _______(在……方面不同) their habits and they are
also _____________(与……不同) each other in many ways. But that _________
_________(没有影响). 世纪金榜导学号?
differ in
different from
makes no
difference
6. combine vt. &vi. 组合; (使)联合; 使结合; 兼备
【文化金句】 Artists should combine healthy political content with perfect artistic forms. 艺术家应该把健康的政治内容和完美的艺术形式结合起来。
【语块必记】
(1)combine A and/with B 把A和B结合/联合; 兼有
combine to do sth. 联(结)合起来做某事
combine against. . . 为反抗……而联合
(2)combination n. [U]联合; 结合; [C]混合体, 结合体
in combination with 与……联合/结合
(3)combined adj. 联合的, 结合的
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①We consider it necessary __________(combine) work with rest. ?
②He carried on the business in ___________ (combine) with his friends.
句式升级
③In my opinion, we should make good use of the Internet. We should combine
the entertainment with the study. (现在分词作状语)
=In my opinion, we should make good use of the Internet, _____________
___________________________
【误区释疑】 combine不与together连用。
to combine
combination
combining the
entertainment with the study. ?
7. distinguish vt. 区分, 辨别; 使具有某种特征
【文化金句】 The Chinese nation is distinguished for its diligence and courage.
中华民族以勤劳和勇敢著称。
【语块必记】
(1)distinguish (=tell) A from B/between A and B 把A和B分开
distinguish oneself 表现突出
(2)distinguished adj. 著名的, 有尊严的
be distinguished (= famous/well-known) for. . . 因……而著名
(3)distinction n. 区别
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①The twins are so alike that it is difficult to distinguish one _____ the other.
②Research suggests that babies learn to see by distinguishing _______ areas of
light and dark.
③We all know that Yuan Longping is distinguished ___ his achievements in the
area of rice.
from
between
for
句式升级
④He was distinguished for his knowledge of economics and was elected as head
of the economic school. (用分词短语作状语改写)
→_________________________________________________________________
_______________?
Distinguished for his knowledge of economics, he was elected as head of the
economic school.
8. convenient adj. 便利的, 方便的
【写作金句】 It is more convenient for people to get to Shanghai Museum which is located in the center of the city. 到达坐落于市中心的上海博物馆对人们来说更加方便了。
【语块必记】
(1)It is convenient for sb. to do sth. 某人做某事方便
be convenient for/to sb. 对某人来说方便
(2)convenience n. 方便; 便利的事物
for convenience 为了方便
at one’s convenience 在某人方便的时候
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①So I’m writing to let you know that it’s not convenient ___ me to go back to
receive the laptop at home.
②My parents bought this house ___ convenience.
一句多译
③如果你方便的话, 应该多进行户外运动。
If ____________________, you should do more outdoor exercise. (convenient)?
→If _____________________, you should do more outdoor exercise.
(convenience)?
for
for
it is convenient for you
it is at your convenience
Part 2 重点短语句式
9. consist of 由……组成, 由……构成
【文化金句】 The beauty of the city consists in the unique style of its buildings.
这座城市的美在于它建筑物的独特风格。
【语块必记】
(1)consist of=be made up of=be composed of 由……组成
(2)consist in = lie in 存在于……; 在于……
consist with 一致; 符合
(3)consistent adj. 相容的, 一致的
be consistent with 和……一致/相符
【语境速测】 一句多译
①这个出国考察团队由50人组成。
The research team abroad __________________?
=The research team abroad ____________________. ?
=The research team abroad ______________________. ?
②这条消息与报纸上所说的是一致的。
The information ___________what is said in the newspaper. ?
=The information _______________what is said in the newspaper. ?
consists of 50 people.
is made up of 50 people
is composed of 50 people
consists with
is consistent with
【误区释疑】 consist of与be made up of同义; 由consist组成的几个短语虽然都具有及物性, 但是不能用于被动语态和进行时态。
10. That is why English has so many difficult rules that confuse people. ?
那就是英语有如此多令人困惑的规则的原因。
【句型公式】
(1)That is the reason why . . . (=That is why . . . )那就是……的原因
(2)That/It is because. . . 那是因为……
(3)The reason (why. . . ) is that. . . (……的)原因是……
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①Of course, most men have no interest in being in the supermarket and that is
____ they get lost in the aisles.
一句多译
②汤姆昨晚生病了, 那就是他没有参会的原因。
Tom fell ill last night and that was _____________________________. 世纪
金榜导学号?
=Tom didn’t attend the meeting, and that was _______________________. ?
why
why he didn’t attend the meeting
because he fell ill last night
【误区释疑】 That’s why . . . 后接某事发生的结果, That’s because . . . 后接某事发生的原因。
11. While the students found the soldier’s idea interesting, the system was too difficult to be of practical use. 虽然学生们觉得士兵的想法有趣, 但这一方法太过复杂, 并不实用。?
【文化金句】 A harmonious family is of benefit to a child’s personal development.
一个和谐的家庭对于孩子的个人成长是有益的。
【句型公式】
“be of+抽象名词”结构
(1)be of use/ importance/ significance/ help/ value/ benefit/. . .
=be useful/ important/ significant/ helpful/ valuable/ beneficial/. . .
(这些抽象名词前还可用形容词great, little, some, any, much, no来修饰说明其程度。)
(2)be of colour/ age/ size/ height/ weight/ shape/ type/ kind/. . .
(这类名词前常用different, the same, this, that等词来修饰或说明。)
(3)be of quality/character/characteristics/feature/. . .
(这类名词前常用good, bad, nice, fine, serious等词来修饰或说明。)
【语境速测】 句型转换
①The 2019 Campus Newspaper Awards is very important to the campus journalism.
→The 2019 Campus Newspaper Awards ___________________ to the campus
journalism. ?
完成句子
②Paul and Jack have a lasting friendship because they are ______________. ?
保罗和杰克有着长久的友谊, 因为他们年龄相同。
③Coins may be ______________________________ and of different metals. 货
币可能在大小、重量、形状和铸造的金属方面都有所不同。?
of the same age
of different sizes, weights, shapes,
is of great importance
④New Zealand grape wine is _____________ and is sold all over the world. ?
新西兰葡萄酒质量好, 行销全世界。
of high quality
【备选要点】
1. lead to 导致; 通向
【文化金句】 All roads lead to Rome. 条条大道通罗马。
【语块必记】
lead. . . to. . . 领……到……
lead sb. to do sth. 导致某人做某事
lead the way 处于首位, 领先
lead up to. . . 导致; 引向……
lead a. . . life 过……的生活
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①His carelessness led __ his failure in the exam. ?
一句多译
②在他的作文中有很多的错误, 导致了他的失败。
There were many mistakes in his essay, ____________________. (定语从句)?
=There were many mistakes in his essay, __________________. (用非谓语动词
形式)?
to
which led to his failure
leading to his failure
2. replace vt. 替换, 代替, 取代; 把……放回原处
【写作金句】 I wish that sports day could be abandoned and replaced with some other less competitive events. 我希望运动会被取消, 用其他的一些竞争力小的项目代替。
【语块必记】
(1)replace . . . with/by . . . 用……替换……
replace sb. as 取代某人成为……
take the place of=take sb. ’s place 代替某人
in place of 代替
(2)replacement n. 代替
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①I’m going to replace my old car ____ a new one.
②The manager replaced Bob __ chairman of the company.
③Unless we can find a replacement ___ our assistant, the project will not be
completed in time.
with
as
for
一句多译
④没有人可以取代她父亲在她心中的位置。
No one can ________________in her heart. (replace)?
→No one can ________________________ in her heart. (take the place of)?
→No one can ____________________ in her heart. (take one’s place)?
replace her father
take the place of her father
take her father’s place
3. character n. (书写或印刷)文字, 符号; 人物; 性格, 品质
【语块必记】
in character 适合; 相称
out of character 不符合某人的性格; 不适合, 不相称
build (up) character 磨炼性格
shape one’s character 塑造某人的性格, 形成个性
【语境速测】 写出黑体部分的含义
①If I take care of my character, my reputation will take care of itself.
( )
②How many new Chinese characters have you learned in this passage?
( )
③Her behaviour last night was completely out of character. ( )
品格
文字
性格
4. embarrass vt. 使尴尬, 使难堪
【写作金句】 Today I put my foot in my mouth before my teacher, which really made me embarrassed.
今天在老师面前说错话真的很让我尴尬。
【语块必记】
(1)embarrass sb. with sth. 因某事使某人尴尬
(2)embarrassed adj. 窘迫的; 尴尬的, 不好意思的
feel/be embarrassed about/at 对……感到尴尬
embarrassing adj. 令人窘迫的, 使人难堪的
(3)embarrassment n. 困窘, 尴尬
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①All the people fixed their eyes on me, which made me feel very ___________
(embarrass).
②I felt embarrassed ________ how untidy the house was.
③I was in the ____________ (embarrass) position of having completely
forgotten her name.
④He was always careful to avoid ______________ (embarrass).
embarrassed
about/at
embarrassing
embarrassment
5. take control of 控制, 取得对……的控制
【语块必记】
(1)gain/take/get control of 取得对……的控制权, 控制……
get/bring/keep . . . under control 控制住……
lose control of 失去对……的控制权
(2)under control 被控制住
【语境速测】 用control的短语填空
①While you can not turn back the clock, you can _____________your life. ?
②You shouldn’t have ____________your temper on such an occasion. ?
③The machine tool went ___________________because of improper use. ?
④I shall put an experienced teacher in charge of that class to _____ the children
____________. ?
take control of
lost control of
out of/ beyond control
bring
under control
6. aside from 除了……之外
【语块必记】
aside from =apart from, 有两层含义:
(1)“除……之外, 还有” , 相当于besides, in addition to, as well as;
(2)“除了……之外(没有), 如果不是……” , 相当于except, but或except for。
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①Aside _____ that one little problem, the day was perfect.
同义句转换
②Apart from being praised, he received a lot of money.
= __________being praised, he received a lot of money. ?
完成句子
③除了提供优质的服务, 这家饭店还提供多种传统的福建菜。
_____________________________ good service, the restaurant offers different
kinds of traditional Fujian dishes. ?
from
Aside from
Aside from/In addition to/Besides
【易混辨析】 aside from, except, except for, besides
aside from 有两层意义: “除……之外(别无)”=except, except for; “除……之外(还……)”=besides
except “除……之外(不、无)”, 有否定和排除的含义, 指同类人/物
except for 强调整体与局部的关系, 没有项目类别的明确限制, 对细节加以修正, 即肯定整体, 否定局部
besides “除了……之外(还有)”, 有肯定和附加的含义, 指同类人/物
7. Not all characters were developed from drawings of objects. ?
并不是所有的汉字都是由物体的图形演变来的。
【写作金句】 Nothing in my life impressed me so deeply as my first visit to the Palace Museum.
我的一生中, 印象最深的就是第一次参观故宫博物院。
【句型公式】
(1)部分否定: 否定词not与both, all, every, each, everybody, everything等不定代词或形容词连用, 意为“不都是, 并非都”。
(2)完全否定: 常用no, none, never, nobody, nothing, neither, no one等表示。
【语境速测】 同义句转换
①Although Dunne says he’s received mostly positive feedback, everyone
doesn’t agree with his idea.
→Although Dunne says he’s received mostly positive feedback, ___________
agrees with his idea. ?
②Both of the two math problems are not very difficult.
→__________the two math problems are very difficult. ?
not everyone
Not both of
核心素养测评八 Unit 2 Language
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
A
Workers at an Indian start-up company are busy cutting metal into pieces and using them to make unusual devices. Company officials say these devices will capture smoke from diesel (柴油) generators and turn it into ink. Young engineers believe the technology will help to clean up the air in New Delhi, India’s capital. Its air quality is among the dirtiest in the world.
People often blame the millions of cars on the streets of New Delhi for the air pollution. But another big reason is the city’s diesel generators. Industries and buildings use the huge machines to light up homes and offices during power outages. These outages often strike in the summer months.
Arpit Dhupar is one of the three engineers who set up the start-up company Chakr Innovation. He says that pollution from cars and other vehicles gets all the media attention, but adds that “the silent polluters are the diesel generators”. Dhupar decided to find a way to fight air pollution three years ago. At the time, he saw a wall blackened by the smoke coming from a diesel generator. This sight led to the creation of Chakr Innovation. Dhupar had personally experienced the effect of the air pollution. He developed breathing problems while growing up in Delhi.
After over two years of research and development, Chakr Innovation has begun selling devices to capture pollution from diesel generators. To date, the devices have been set up in 50 places, including private businesses.
The technology involves cooling the air pollution in a “heat exchanger” where the dirty particles come together. These are then moved into another area that captures 70 to 90 percent of the particulate (微粒的) matter. The carbon is isolated from the emissions and turned into ink.
In recent years, there has been a lot of talk about improving Delhi’s air by reducing vehicular pollution and making stronger rules for vehicle manufacturers. But the same has not happened for diesel generators. There are efforts to punish businesses that dirty the air, but this often leads to them finding ways to get around the rules.
Tushar Mathur works at Chakr Innovation. He feels that turning smoke into ink is a useful solution. He calls the technology “a win-win between businesses and the environment”.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文, 通过介绍印度新德里的环境状况, 向我们介绍了把烟变成墨水的一种改善环境的解决方法。
1. What do we know about the devices from Paragraph 1?
A. They are made in a big company.
B. They are cut into pieces of metal.
C. They can turn dirty smoke into ink.
D. They will certainly clean up the dirty air.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Company officials say these devices will capture smoke from diesel generators and turn it into ink. ”可知, 它们可以把污浊的烟变成墨水。
2. The air pollution in New Delhi may be the most serious in . ?
A. March B. July
C. September D. December
【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第二段可知, 在新德里除了车辆所产生的污染物外, 柴油发电机是空气污染的另一个重要的原因, 而最后一句说明夏天是停电的高峰期, 而柴油发电机显然是在停电期间使用最多, 可推断出夏季很可能是空气污染最严重的季节, 故选B项。
3. What caused Dhupar to found Chakr Innovation?
A. The determination to fight air pollution.
B. The development of breathing problems.
C. The media attention to vehicular pollution.
D. The sight of a wall blackened by smoke.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第三段中的“At the time, he saw a wall blackened by the smoke coming from a diesel generator. This sight led to the creation of Chakr Innovation. ”可知, 一堵被烟熏黑的墙使Dhupar创立了Chakr Innovation, 故选D项。
4. When the device works, how are the dirty particles gathered together?
A. By cooling the polluted air.
B. By isolating the emissions.
C. By moving the dirty particles.
D. By capturing the particulate matter.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第五段“The technology involves cooling the air pollution in a ’heat exchanger’ where the dirty particles come together. ”可知, 在一个“热交换器”里冷却空气污染物就能使脏颗粒聚集起来。
【知识拓展】长难句分析
There are efforts to punish businesses that dirty the air, but this often leads to them finding ways to get around the rules.
分析: 本句是but 连接的并列句, 前一个句子中含有动词不定式to punish. . . 作efforts的后置定语, 后面含有business的定语从句, 关系词that 在从句中充当主语, 后面一个并列句中含有lead to sb. doing sth. 导致某人做……。
翻译: 有一些惩罚污染空气的企业的尝试, 但这往往会导致他们想方设法绕过规定。
B
There are plenty of people in the UK for whom even basic English is a problem. According to the survey, 726, 000 people in England and Wales said they could not speak English well, and another 138, 000 said they did not speak it at all.
Ling, 40, who arrived five years ago from China, found it difficult to learn English. “When I came here, I was pregnant and so I was at home for the next three years. It took me longer to learn as I was very busy with the children. ” Eventually she was able to begin taking classes and now speaks good conversational English. But even with classes, it can be a long process to pick up the language.
Age is the most important factor in language study, said Mila Vulchanova, professor of linguistics (语言学) at Norwegian University of Science and Technology. “There is a sensitive period in language learning, which is biologically determined. So the younger the immigrants (移民), the better. Since this decline is only gradual, teenagers are at an advantage over adults, ” he said.
There are a number of systems for grading English. The government expects immigrants to reach “ESOL Entry 3”or “B1 level” in Scotland, before they can be given citizenship. It is equal to being able to hold a confident conversation and it might take 360 hours of study to achieve.
George Osborne, the UK chancellor (财政大臣), said in June that benefit claimants (申请救济金者) who don’t speak English will have their benefits cut if they fail to attend language courses. Huan Japes, deputy chief executive of English UK, a trade body for language colleges, said it needed 360 hours—120 hours for each of three stages—to get to the result the government expected benefit claimants to reach.
“Using 120 hours (for each stage of English fluency) is a rather traditional approach to course book learning, ” said Dr Elaine Boyd, head of English language at Trinity College London. “If someone is really highly motivated, they can learn really quickly. It’s common for children under the age of 11 to be fluent in about six months. ”
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了在英国, 许多移民不能说一口流利的英语这一现状, 作者借助专家们的观点告诉我们怎样学好英语, 练就一口流利的英语。
5. The first paragraph serves as a(n) . ?
A. introduction B. discussion
C. explanation D. conclusion
【解析】选A。推理判断题。通读本段可知, 本段第一句说“在英国有很多人, 即使是基础英语都成问题”, 接着根据调查可知, 在英格兰和威尔士有很多人英语说得不好甚至根本不会说英语。因此推知, 这是为了引出下文的许多移民不会说英语的现状, 告诉我们如何学好英语, 故选A。
6. What does Mila Vulchanova mainly stress?
A. The importance of key teaching ways.
B. The necessity of working hard at English.
C. The advantages of learning English.
D. The importance of starting learning English at an early age.
【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第三段中的“There is a sensitive period in language learning”和“So the younger the immigrants, the better. Since this decline is only gradual, teenagers are at an advantage over adults”可知, Mila Vulchanova认为对于移民来说, 学英语越早越好, 年龄小是优势。因此可推知, 他在强调早学英语的重要性, 故选D。
7. The UK government hopes that benefit claimants . ?
A. reach “ESOL Entry 1”
B. are advanced English learners
C. study English for about 360 hours
D. get citizenship from the government first
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“said it needed 360 hours—120 hours for each of three stages—to get to the result the government expected benefit claimants to reach”可知, 申请救济金者需要360个小时——三个阶段, 120个小时一阶段——才能达到政府预期申请救济金者能达到的效果, 分析选项可知C项符合题意。
8. What Dr Elaine Boyd said suggested that . ?
A. 120 hours is a high level for learners
B. one can learn English fast if active
C. English fluency can be easily achieved
D. children under 11 learn English hard
【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句中的“Using 120 hours (for each stage of English fluency) is a rather traditional approach to course book learning”可知, 120小时是惯例, 一般人能达到; 再根据最后一段最后两句可知, 如果某人积极性很高, 6个月内就能学会流利的英语, 故选B。
【知识拓展】佳词积累
1. pregnant adj. 怀孕的
2. conversational adj. 谈话的, 会话的
3. sensitive adj. 敏感的
4. executive adj. 经营管理的, 有执行权的
Ⅱ. 阅读填句
One of the areas of our body which conveys most about how we feel is how we move our hands and arms. 1 , but most often they occur unconsciously and naturally. ?
2 . Open hands and arms, especially extended, and with hands up in front of the body at chest height, indicates that what you’re saying is important, and, especially when people are speaking in public, a pointing finger or a hand waving above the shoulders stresses a personal point. However, research shows that people often find speakers who point their fingers a lot rather annoying. ?
Openness or honesty. 3 , they will often hold one or both of their hands out to the other person. Footballers who have just committed a foul (犯规) often use this gesture to try to convince the referee that they didn’t do it. ?
Nervousness. If a person puts his hand to his mouth, this either indicates that he is hiding something, or that he is nervous. 4 , and so does holding a bag or briefcase very tightly in front of the body. ?
Feeling defensive. Keeping arms folded tightly over the chest is a classic gesture of defensiveness and indicates that you are protecting yourself. It is often seen among strangers in queues or in lifts or anywhere where people feel a bit insecure. People also sometimes use this gesture when they are listening to someone, to show that they disagree with what is being said. 5 ! ?
A. Saying something important
B. When people want to be open or honest
C. Hand and arm gestures are sometimes intentional
D. But this gesture can simply mean that the person is cold
E. Playing with your fingers, like tapping the table, also shows anxiety
F. This gesture is typical of lawyers, accountants, and other professionals
G. When someone puts up his both hands, he probably gives in to his enemies
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文, 主要介绍了几种肢体语言, 如用以说明你讲的事情重要, 用以表示开放和诚实的心态, 用以表示紧张和防御心理。
1. 【解析】选C。根据该句中的“but”可知, 空处与下文“手和手臂大部分时候会自然、无意识地移动”形成转折关系, C项中的“intentional”与该句中的“unconsciously and naturally”相对, 故C项正确。
2. 【解析】选A。根据文章结构以及空处所在的位置可知, 空处为该段的主题; 结合本段内容尤其是下文中的“indicates that what you’re saying is important”和“stresses a personal point”可知, 该段主要陈述“肢体语言有时表示某事物的重要性”, 故A项正确。
3. 【解析】选B。根据空前的“Openness or honesty. ”可知, 该段主要陈述第二种肢体语言的含义: 表示开放或诚实(的心态), 结合B项中对应的“to be open or honest”可知, B项正确。
4. 【解析】选E。根据该段主题句“Nervousness. ”可知, 该段主要陈述第三种肢体语言的含义: 紧张。结合本段内容和下文中的“and so does holding a bag or briefcase very tightly in front of the body”可知, 空处应是陈述另一种表示紧张的肢体语言形式, 故E项正确。
5. 【解析】选D。根据该段第二句“Keeping arms folded tightly over the chest is a classic gesture of defensiveness and indicates that you are protecting yourself. ”可知, 双臂紧紧地交叉在胸前是一种典型的防御姿势, 表明你在保护自己。再结合常识可知, 双臂紧紧地交叉在胸前可能仅仅说明这个人很寒冷, 故D项正确。
Ⅲ. 语法填空
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The word Nüshu literally means “women’s writing” in Chinese: As the name suggests, Nüshu is created and specially used by women.
Often 1. (call) “the world’s only surviving characters for women”, these slim words were developed from standard written Chinese. In the old days, Nüshu 2. (teach)by elderly women to girls at home because female children weren’t allowed 3. (attend)formal school. During gatherings in villages, women used the characters to write poems or song lyrics to express their emotions
4. were hidden from men. The words were full 5. encouragement and positive energy, and showed an uncommon open-mindedness among women at that time.
Ji Xianlin once said that Nüshu is a feminist (女权主义者) symbol. “It’s
6. unique writing system created by 7. (talent) women who were deprived (剥夺) of the right to education, ” he wrote in an article. “It has significance in various 8. (field)and represents Chinese people’s strong spirit. ”
Nüshu was made as a national cultural heritage in 2006. However, it is not
9. (wide)used in daily life today. In fact, it is a dying language. Now linguists are taking action to prevent this incredible cultural heritage from
10. (disappear).
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了“女书”的由来。“女书”是女性创作的用来表达自己的情感的一种文字, 它是由才女创造的独特的写作体系, 是女权主义的象征, 代表了中国人民的坚强不屈的精神。
1. 【解析】called。考查非谓语动词。主语these slim words 与动词call之间存在被动关系, 所以该空需用过去分词, 故填called。
2. 【解析】was taught。考查动词的时态和语态。这里指的是女书被年长的女性教给女孩们, 且根据空格前的“In the old days”可知, 此处需用一般过去时的被动语态, 故填was taught。
3. 【解析】to attend。考查非谓语动词。allow sb. to do sth. “允许某人做某事”, 其被动结构为sb. be allowed to do sth. “某人被允许做某事”, 所以该空需用不定式, 故填to attend。
4. 【解析】that/which。考查定语从句的引导词。该句中的先行词为their emotions, 引导词在从句中作主语, 所以需用关系代词that或者which, 故填that/which。
5. 【解析】of。考查介词。be full of “充满”, 为固定搭配, 这里指的是这些话充满了鼓励和正能量, 故填of。
6. 【解析】a。考查冠词。这里指的是一个独特的书写体系, 表示泛指, 所以需用不定冠词, 故填a。
7. 【解析】talented。考查词性转换。这里指的是有才能的女性, 所以该空需用形容词来修饰名词women, talented为形容词, 意为“有才能的”, 故填talented。
8. 【解析】fields。考查名词。field “领域”是可数名词, 再由various可知, 该空需用复数形式, 故填fields。
9. 【解析】widely。考查词性转换。这里指的是女书在当今的日常生活中不被广泛使用, 这里需用副词修饰动词used, 故填widely。
10. 【解析】disappearing。考查非谓语动词。from为介词, 其后需接名词、代词、动名词, disappear为动词, 所以该空需用动名词, 故填disappearing。
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
If you want to become a fluent English speaker you should take some advice. There are four skills in learning English. They are reading, listening, speaking and writing. The most important thing you must remember is that if you want to improve your speaking and writing skills you should first master the skills of reading and listening.
Read as much as you can. But your reading must be active. It means that you must think about the meaning of the sentence, the meaning of the unfamiliar words, etc. There is no need for you to pay much attention to grammars or try to understand all the unfamiliar words you come across, but the fact that you see them for the first time and recognize them whenever you see them, for example, in other passages or books, is enough. It would be better to prepare yourself a notebook so you can write down the important words or sentences in it. ?
As for listening, there are two choices: besides reading, you can listen every day for about 30 minutes. You can only pay attention to your reading and become skillful at your reading, then you can catch up on your listening. Since you have lots of inputs in your mind, you can easily guess what the speaker is going to say. This never means that you should not practice listening.
For listening you can listen to cartoons or some movies that are specially made for children. Their languages are easy. Or if you are good at listening you can listen to VOA or BBC programs every day. Again the thing to remember is being active in listening and preferably taking some notes.
If you follow these pieces of advice, your speaking and writing will improve automatically, and you can be sure that with a little effort they will become perfect.
【文章大意】本文为说明文。如果你想学好英语, 应该掌握其四种技能: 听、说、读、写。读与听是学好英语的关键。
1. According to the author, which should you improve first among the four skills?
A. Reading and listening.
B. Reading and writing.
C. Writing and speaking.
D. Speaking and listening.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知, 作者认为要想提高说和写的能力, 首先要掌握读和听的技能。
2. To improve your reading, when you read you should . ?
A. look up all the new words in the dictionary
B. think about what you are reading actively
C. spend more time studying grammars
D. copy as many words and sentences as possible
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第二段第二、三句可知, 在阅读的过程中要积极思考。
3. The underlined phrase “come across” in Paragraph 2 can probably be replaced by “ ”. ?
A. meet by accident B. discover
C. find on purpose D. look for
【解析】选A。词义猜测题。此处是告诉读者没有必要去理解遇到的所有的不熟悉的单词, 由此推知come across指“偶然遇到”。
4. The author seems to agree with the view that . ?
A. everyone should listen to VOA or BBC programs every day
B. you needn’t practice listening if you keep on reading every day
C. being good at reading is helpful in improving your listening
D. you should take notes of whatever you are hearing
【解析】选C。推理判断题。由第三段第二句可知, 作者认为多阅读有助于提高听力。
Ⅱ. 完形填空
In March of 2019, Peter Tabichi, a 36-year-old teacher from a remote village in Kenya, was voted the best teacher in the world.
For the past 12 years, Tabichi has worked as a math and science teacher hoping that his lessons will give students a chance to 1 their situations. However, working at a Secondary School in a remote village in Kenya hasn’t been 2 . The school only has one computer and unreliable Internet 3 . The school also has no library or laboratory. To make matters worse, there are not enough 4 for all the students. ?
Unfortunately, the semi-arid (半干旱的) village experiences droughts and famines 5 . “Most of the students come from very poor families. They’re not able to 6 because they haven’t had enough meals at home, ” Tabichi said. Thus, he also teaches students and locals about famine-resistant 7 . To help those in poverty afford food, uniforms, and books, he 8 80 percent of his salary. ?
According to Tabichi, 95 percent of his students live in poverty and around 30 percent are either orphans or are being 9 by single parents. As a result, kids are easy to 10 out of school. ?
With great efforts, he has also 11 to set up science clubs, addressed food insecurity issues, and helped bring 12 between several ethnic groups and religions. 13 his tireless work, his students have 14 for the 2019 INTEL International Science and Engineering Fair in Arizona, USA. ?
Tabichi plans to use the prize money to improve the school and feed the 15 . He also hopes his accomplishment will inspire others to push past all the obstacles. ?
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了一位来自肯尼亚一个偏远村庄的36岁教师Peter Tabichi的故事。2019年3月, 他被评为全球最佳教师, 并获得了Varkey基金会100万美元的全球教师奖金。
1. A. check B. control C. improve D. realize
【解析】选C。Tabichi在学校是一位数学和科学老师, 他希望他的课程能给学生一个改善(improve)他们的境况的机会。
2. A. normal B. easy C. short D. hard
【解析】选B。在肯尼亚一个偏远村庄的一所中学工作是不容易的(easy)。
3. A. access B. barrier C. relation D. source
【解析】选A。学校只有一台电脑, 而且网络连接(access)也是不可靠的。access“入径; (使用或见到的)机会, 权利”, Internet access “互联网接入”; barrier“障碍”; relation“关系”; source“来源”。
4. A. subjects B. chances C. books D. teachers
【解析】选C。更为糟糕的是, 学校没有足够的书提供给每位学生。
5. A. naturally B. suddenly
C. frequently D. gradually
【解析】选C。不幸的是, 这个半干旱的村庄经常(frequently)经历干旱和饥荒。naturally“自然地”; suddenly “突然地”; gradually “逐渐地”。
6. A. distinguish B. calculate
C. strengthen D. concentrate
【解析】选D。根据上下文, 因为学生在家里没有足够的粮食吃, 肚子饿, 所以上课注意力不能集中(concentrate)。distinguish“区分, 辨别”; calculate“计算”; strengthen“加强”。
7. A. crops B. habits C. areas D. signals
【解析】选A。根据上文, 因此, 他也向学生们和当地人教授关于可以抵抗饥荒的庄稼(crops)的知识。habits“习惯”; areas“地区”; signals“信号”。
8. A. called off B. gave away
C. dropped in D. put out
【解析】选B。根据上下文: 为了帮助那些贫困的学生买粮食、校服和书籍, 他把自己80%的工资都赠送(give away)出去了。call off“取消”; drop in“顺便拜访”; put out“熄灭”。
9. A. paid B. raised C. earned D. adopted
【解析】选B。raise children“抚养孩子”。这里意为: 根据Tabichi所说, 95%的学生生活在贫困之中, 大约30%的学生要么是孤儿, 要么是单亲家长抚养(raised)。pay“支付”; earn“挣钱”; adopt“收养”。
10. A. drop B. make C. get D. move
【解析】选A。drop out of school“辍学”。
11. A. happened B. promised
C. managed D. arranged
【解析】选C。根据上下文: 经过巨大的努力, 他成功(managed to)地建起了科学俱乐部。happen to do sth. “碰巧做某事”; promise to do sth. “许诺做某事”; arrange to do sth. “安排做某事”。
12. A. peace B. share C. talent D. target
【解析】选A。根据句意: 他帮助使几个民族和宗教之间保持和平(peace)。share“分红, 份额”; talent“才能”; target“目标, 靶子”。
13. A. In response to B. Regardless of
C. In honor of D. Thanks to
【解析】选D。根据句意: 多亏了(thanks to)他不知疲倦的努力, 他的学生取得了参加2019年在美国亚利桑那州举办的英特尔国际科学与工程博览会的资格。in response to“回应”; regardless of “不顾, 不管”; in honor of “为了纪念”。
14. A. qualified B. preserved
C. approved D. mentioned
【解析】选A。qualify“取得资格”; preserve“保护, 保留”; approve“批准, 赞同”; mention“提到”。
15. A. rich B. young C. old D. poor
【解析】选D。根据句意: Tabichi计划用发给他的奖金来改善学校, 养活贫穷的(poor)人。
Ⅲ. 应用文写作
假定你是李华, 你的美国外教Tom 在你校任教期间, 帮助学校组建了英语俱乐部, 增强了英语学习的氛围。现在, 他三年任期已满并准备回国。请你代表学校给他写一封信, 内容包括:
1. 对其所作工作表示感谢;
2. 表达继续保持联系的愿望;
3. 欢迎他再次来中国。
注意: 1. 词数 80 左右;
2. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯;
3. 开头和结尾已给出。
Dear Tom,
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
Yours truly,
Li Hua
【参考范文】
Dear Tom,
I’m writing on behalf of our school to extend our sincere gratitude for your productive work in the past three years. It is you who have helped set up the English club of our school and encouraged many students to communicate in English bravely. Most important of all, you have greatly enhanced the English learning atmosphere among us students.
We are sorry to say goodbye for the moment, but we really hope to stay connected with you. Looking forward to the future reunion with you.
Best wishes!
Yours truly,
Li Hua
Ⅳ. 读后续写
阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
I pulled the car into the garage and got out, just like every night for the past 16 years. The difference was that I wouldn’t have a job to take in the morning. I used to be a VP(副总) in technology for a national bank until it was closed.
I’d put my heart and soul into my job. Not only did I work long hours, but I was on call 24 hours a day, including weekends and holidays. My kids joked that though they were the teenagers, I was the one who was glued to the cell phone and had to be told not to text at the dinner table.
My wife, Michelle, went back to work full-time once my job was threatened. But our kids would be going to college—our son, TJ, was a high school senior, and the girls, Sarah and Tara, were in ninth grade—and I wanted to give them the education and opportunities they deserved. God, if I can’t provide for my family, I asked, what good am I?
A ray of light streamed through the window, as if beckoning(召唤) me. I opened the door and stepped out into our yard. The lawn, the maple tree planted when I was young and the flower beds were overrun with weeds. They needed pruning(修剪).
Treasure this time. The thought came out of nowhere. But clear, clear as it could be. I shook my head. I couldn’t get distracted by random thoughts. The clock was ticking. I needed to get busy finding a new job.
I went up to the house. “I’m sorry, Dad, ” TJ said. “I know how much your job meant to you. ” His concern was mirrored in the girls’ faces. Then Michelle added, “It’s going to be okay. We’ll get through this together. Maybe you should consider this time as a break. You deserve one. ”
A break? Was she kidding? There was no time to rest. If anything, I needed to work even harder.
注意: 续写部分分为两段, 每段的开头语已为你写好。
The next morning I got up before everyone else and opened my laptop. ?
?
Just a few hours here and there, the new lawn began to take shape and so did I. __________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
The next morning I got up before everyone else and opened my laptop. To find a new job, I searched job sites, and companies with big technical departments, and e-mailed friends with connections. Then Michelle and the kids were up; the house was bustling. However, by midmorning the quiet of the house was driving me crazy. I walked to our yard to clear my head. My gaze fell on those overgrown flower beds. As least that was a problem I could do something about. Then I settled into a new routine. I still applied for jobs, but I took a break to do things I’d neglected.
Just a few hours here and there, the new lawn began to take shape and so did I. With the physical labor, the extra weight and concern dropped off, and I felt healthier. Maybe God had answered a prayer I hadn’t even said. He gave me this time to treasure, to be the husband and father my family needed. And I also had the chance to find a healthy balance between work and home—a balance that even after I land a new position with a great company, I will be sure to keep.
完形填空
(2020·广州模拟)
I truly feel that my mother led me here, to Morzaine, and to my future as a happy wife and business woman. When Mum 1 in October 2007, I was a cook. In December that year, while I was working for a wedding, a pearl necklace Mum had left me 2 . I was distraught (心急如焚的). Some days later, I was 3 that a guy who was working with us that day could probably have made a fortune by 4 the necklace he found. 5 , he returned it. Hearing how I’d nursed Mum for six months before her death, he said, “Christmas is going to be hard—why not go out to the Alps for a couple of weeks? ”?
I came to Morzaine, a small, friendly village in the Alps and immediately fell in love with it. What was 6 to be a stopgap trip 7 a new life. I kept travelling between London and here and felt lighter than I had in months. In December 2008, I was hired as a hotel manager and moved here full time. ?
A month later, I met Paul, who was traveling here. We fell in love. In the beginning, I didn’t want to discuss marriage, because the sadness of losing Mum still felt 8 . Paul understood that and never 9 me. But, by summer, we got married. A year later, we used his savings, and the money from the sale of Mum’s house, to build our own 10 . ?
We want to give our guests a 11 feel, so each room is themed around memories from our lives. There are also styles to remind me of Mum—a tiny chair which 12 be in her bedroom is set in one room. ?
We are having a wonderful life and Mum 13 naturally part of it, 14 there’s no way we would be here if it wasn’t for the 15 she gave me. I know she’s here in spirit, keeping an eye on us. ?
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。作者围绕其母亲去世时留给她的一条珍珠项链这一主线展开故事。文章叙述了她在项链失而复得之后, 为了缓解对母亲的思念, 在一次不经意的度假中找到了她的新生活并成家立业。作者在生活中以各种形式来怀念她的母亲, 感受到家的温暖, 而“项链”既表达了作者对母亲的怀念之情也暗示了母亲对她生活的影响。
1. A. died B. came
C. returned D. visited
【解析】选A。根据下文的“death”可知母亲“去世了(died)”, 故选A。
2. A. burned B. disappeared
C. broke D. dropped
【解析】选B。根据后面的“我”感到忧心如焚及归还可知此处是指项链丢失了(disappeared)。 故选B。
3. A. shown B. comforted
C. persuaded D. told
【解析】选D。几天之后“我”被别人告知(told)项链的下落, 故选D。
4. A. hiding B. stealing
C. selling D. wearing
【解析】选C。既然是赚了一大笔钱, 捡到项链的那个人可能是把它卖了(selling), 故选C。
5. A. Hopefully B. Naturally
C. Accidentally D. Fortunately
【解析】选D。项链失而复得, 对于作者而言, 自然很幸运(fortunately), 故选D。
6. A. said B. proved
C. supposed D. judged
【解析】选C。作者此次外出本应是作为权宜之计的放松心情的旅游。be supposed to “应该……”, 故选C。
7. A. turned out B. turned into
C. turned down D. turned on
【解析】选B。根据后面描述作者的生活的积极变化可知, 原本应该是一次权宜之计的旅行变成了(turned into)新的生活, 故选B。
8. A. upset B. painful C. great D. good
【解析】选C。根据该空所在句中的“In the beginning, I didn’t want to discuss marriage”和后文的“But, by summer, we got married. ”可知刚开始“我”没有心情谈论婚姻, 因为“我”还沉浸在失去母亲的巨大(great)痛苦当中, 故选C。
9. A. left B. pushed
C. surprised D. interrupted
【解析】选B。Paul理解我的心情, 从不催促(pushed)“我”结婚, 故选B。
10. A. hotel B. restaurant
C. home D. shop
【解析】选A。由后面的“We want to give our guests”及上文提到作者受雇当宾馆经理可知, 现在我们开了家自己的宾馆(hotel), 故选A。
11. A. homely B. lively
C. motherly D. friendly
【解析】选A。后文说每间客房都以来自生活的记忆为主题, 我们这样做是为了让客人有一种家的(homely)感觉, 故选A。
12. A. ought to B. used to
C. might D. could
【解析】选B。这把小椅子以前(used to)是放在母亲的卧室里的, 故选B。
13. A. takes B. keeps C. looks D. feels
【解析】选D。母亲已去世, 但是我们切身感觉(feels)到母亲是我们幸福生活的一部分, 故选D。
14. A. unless B. while
C. because D. though
【解析】选C。这里是在解释“我”认为母亲是我们幸福生活的一部分的原因, 故选C。
15. A. money B. chair
C. house D. necklace
【解析】选D。前文一直在围绕着母亲给我的项链(necklace)在讲述, 母亲给“我”的项链让“我”找到了幸福, 故选D。
【知识拓展】佳词积累
1. stopgap n. 权宜之计
2. themed adj. 特定主题的
3. remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事
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