(共66张PPT)
Unit 3 Back to the past
内容索引
核心素养测评
Step 1 以高考为导向·印证教材基础
Step 2 以核心为根本·探究课堂重点
Step 3 以检测为载体·提升语基能力
Step 4 以话题为主线·锤炼素养技能
短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点, 请按要求补全短文, 并背诵体会黑
体部分用法。
This morning, I planned to go to the People’s Park to enjoy myself,
1. __ did Tom. On seeing the sculptures 2. ________(found) 10 years ago in
3. ________(memorize) of heroes, Tom couldn’t wait to take pictures.
4. _____________(fortunate), it was at that moment 5. ____ we found his camera
was gone. Suddenly he was aware that he might have left it in the taxi. I began
so
founded
memory
Unfortunately
that
6. ___________(complain) about his carelessness. Half an hour 7. ____(late),
the driver returned with the camera and you could imagine the broad smile
spreading across Tom’s face 8. _______ expression. Both of us were grateful for
what the driver had done. 9. ______ was no doubt that Tom insisted on taking a
photo with him. 10. _______(judge) from the look in the picture, he had a lot of
fun today. ?
to complain
later
beyond
There
Judging
Part 1 考纲高频单词
1. found vt. 兴建, 创建; 建立, 创立
【文化金句】 The People’s Republic of China was founded in 1949. 中华人民共和国成立于1949年。
【语块必记】
(1)found . . . on/upon . . . 建设在……基础上
be founded on/upon . . . 根据……创作/建设
(2)foundation n. 创建, 设立, 基础
founder n. 创始人, 创立者
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①The castle is founded ________ solid rock.
②Law was an order of peace ________ (found) on fairness.
句式升级(用过去分词作定语改写)
③My goal was to lose 150 pounds in one year and raise $50, 000 in support of a
movement. The movement was founded 30 years ago to end hunger.
→My goal was to lose 150 pounds in one year and raise $50, 000 in support of a
movement _______________________________. ?
on/upon
founded
founded 30 years ago to end hunger
【误区释疑】 found 的过去式和过去分词都是 founded; 而find 的过去式和过去分词都是found。
2. flee (fled, fled) vt. & vi. 逃避, 逃跑; 迅速离开
【写作金句】 I like to swim in the river to flee from the extreme heat in summer.
我喜欢去河里游泳以逃离夏天的酷热。
【语块必记】
flee+地点 逃离某地
flee to+地点 逃到某地
flee (from) sth. = escape from 从……逃离
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①He was so afraid of his own safety that he fled __ the United States with his
wife and young daughter.
②The frightened people fled _____ the fire.
③Hearing the dog barking fiercely, away ____(flee) the thief.
to
from
fled
完成句子
④When the war broke out, he ______Yunnan of China with his wife. ?
战争爆发后, 他携妻子逃到了中国云南。
⑤The heavy flood in Venice in November left many tourists trapped instead of
__________________(逃离这座城市). ?
fled to
fleeing from the city
【易混辨析】
flee 指单纯地仓皇逃走, 行为本身是突然、匆忙的, 且事先无准备, 不表明是否逃脱。
escape 指逃脱约束或控制, 含有“迫切”之意, 指逃跑之后的结果, 但行为本身不一定匆忙。
3. ruin n. [C](pl. )废墟, 遗迹; [U]毁坏, 毁灭, 崩溃vt. 破坏; 毁灭; 使破产
【写作金句】 He will ruin his life if he wastes time playing computer games.
如果他浪费时间玩电脑游戏, 他会毁了自己的生活。
【语块必记】
(1)lie/be in ruins 成为废墟
fall into ruin 毁灭; 毁坏
bring . . . to ruin 使……毁灭; 使……没落; 使……破产
(2)ruin sth. /sb. 毁坏某物/某人
ruin one’s health/fame/future 毁掉某人的健康/名誉/前途
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①The old house where he was born has fallen ____ ruin.
②The big earthquake brought the city __ ruin.
③The earthquake left the city in _____(ruin), on which the government has
helped the people rebuild their homes.
句式升级(非谓语动词) 世纪金榜导学号
④It rained for two weeks. It completely ruined our holiday.
→It rained for two weeks, completely _________________. ?
into
to
ruins
ruining our holiday
【易混辨析】 ruin/damage/destroy
ruin 指彻底毁掉, 但不含有以某种摧毁性的力量进行破坏, 而含有在一
定的过程中逐渐毁掉的意思; 强调使某物失去优良的特性或特征
damage 指程度较小的“破坏, 损坏”, 强调价值、用途降低或外表损坏等。
一般指被破坏的物品可以重新修复
destroy 常指彻底的、不能或很难修复的“破坏, 毁坏”, 程度较深, 强调“毁
坏”的力度和彻底性; 也可用于损坏抽象的东西, 比如名誉、计划、
努力、契约等
4. remains n. 遗物, 遗迹, 遗骸
【文化金句】 But that moment I visited Tian’anmen will remain in my mind and my heart forever. 但我游览天安门的时光, 将永远留在我的脑海和我的心中。
【语块必记】
(1)the remains of . . . ……的遗迹
(2)remain v. 留下; 仍然是
(3)remaining adj. 剩余的
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①It remains _________(see) whether the news that a new library will be built in
our school is true. ?
②The guests came in, but she remained ______ (seat) at the desk reading.
③He bought a new pen with the _________ (remain) money.
④The poor man ate the _______ (remain) of the dishes hungrily.
to be seen
seated
remaining
remains
【知识拓展】
(1)当表示“剩余的, 剩下的”意思时, 常把remaining放在被修饰词之前作前置定语, 而left常放在被修饰词之后作后置定语。
(2)remain多用作系动词, 后常接形容词、名词、分词和不定式的被动形式。
5. complain vi. 抱怨
【文化金句】 We should strictly and voluntarily follow traffic rules, stopping at the red light rather than complaining about traffic jams.
我们应该严格地自愿地遵守交通规则, 在红灯时停(车), 而不是抱怨交通堵塞。
【语块必记】
(1)complain (to sb. ) about/of sth. /that. . . (向某人)抱怨……
complain that. . . 抱怨……
complain of sth. 诉说(病痛等)
(2)complaint n. 抱怨; 投诉
make a complaint against/about . . . 对……进行投诉
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①He complained bitterly ____ he had been unfairly treated.
②She left early, ___________ (complain) of a headache.
③They made __ complaint of injustice in the way they had been treated.
句式升级(用非谓语动词)
④Mary is always cheerful and never complains about her poor health and
other troubles.
→Mary is always cheerful, never ________________ her poor health and other
troubles. ?
that
complaining
a
complaining about
6. declare vt. 宣布, 宣称; 宣告; 声明
【文化金句】 The Chinese government has declared against terrorism openly.
中国政府已经公开反对恐怖主义。
【语块必记】
declare sb. /sth. to be 宣布某人或某事是……
declare for/against 表示赞成/反对……
declare war (on/against) (向……)宣战
declare that 宣布……
【语境速测】 完成句子
①We must _________________ our enemies. ?
我们必须向敌人宣战。
②LVMH _______________ it is buying US-based jeweller Tiffany & Co for
more than $16 billion. ?
路易威登已经宣布将以逾160亿美元的价格收购美国珠宝公司蒂芙尼。
③The court ________________________ innocent. ?
法庭宣布她的丈夫无罪。
declare war against
declared her husband to be
has declared that
7. aware adj. 意识到的, 知道的; 察觉到的
【文化金句】 Ordinary person though she is, she tries every means to make people aware of the importance of the environment conservation.
尽管她只是一个普通人, 她仍然尽力让人们知道保护环境的重要性。
【语块必记】
(1)be aware that . . . 知道, 体会到……
be/become aware of 知道/意识到
make sb. aware of/that . . . 使某人意识到
(2)awareness n. 认识, 意识
raise awareness about/of 提高对……的认识
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①Aren’t you aware ____ smoking is harmful to your health?
②The government organized various activities to raise people’s__________
(aware) of protecting the environment.
一句多译
③我们知道他很诚实。
_________________________?
=___________________________?
that
We are aware of his honesty.
We are aware that he is honest.
awareness
【误区释疑】 (1)be aware of相当于become aware of, 只是前者侧重状态, 后者侧重动作。
(2)aware后跟名词性从句时, 一般要去掉of, 但在what引导的从句前常用of。
Part 2 重点短语句式
8. take over 夺取, 占据; 接替; 接管
【写作金句】 Intelligent enough, he will take over his father in the coming year.
他已经足够聪明了, 他将在来年接管他父亲的业务。
【语块必记】
take away 拿走; 夺走
take down 写下, 记下; 拆卸
take in 吸收; 理解; 欺骗; 收容
take off 起飞; 匆匆离去; 脱下; 大获成功
take on 接纳; 雇佣; 呈现; 承担
take up 拿起; 接受; 占据; 开始从事; 继续
【语境速测】 写出黑体部分的含义
①His only reason for investing in the company was to take it over.
( )
②In such a situation, I work as hard as I can then let the unconscious take over.
( )
③E-books might even take over libraries some day. ( )
接管
占据
取代
用适当的介词或副词填空
④After Mr Drew took ____ this company when Miss Syme retired, he took
___ paying attention to the situation of market. His effort paid off and many
businesses took ___.
over
up
off
9. in memory of 纪念
【文化金句】 Deeds are better than words when people are in need/want of help.
当有人需要帮助的时候, 行动胜于言语。
【语块必记】
in terms of 就……而言
in need/want of 需要
in favor of 赞同; 支持
in praise of 赞扬
in honour of 为了向……表示敬意
in view of 鉴于, 考虑到, 由于
in search of 寻找
【语境速测】 用in+n. +of的短语填空
①A monument has been set up ___________________(为了纪念) their dear
teacher, who made great contributions to education. ?
②A department store has even opened a new lab, inviting customers on a
journey into the store’s windows to smell books, pots and drawers, __________
(寻找)their perfect scent. ?
③The candidate stood aside _________ (支持)a more suitable man. ?
in memory/honour of
in search of
in favor of
10. Near the city was a volcano. ?
离该城不远处有一座火山。
【写作金句】 In the far south lies Stewart Island, the largest of New Zealand’s many small islands.
斯图尔特岛在遥远的南方, 它是新西兰众多小岛中最大的一个。
【句型公式】
(1)介词短语放在句首, 后面用全部倒装。
(2)当句首为表示地点的副词或介词短语, 主语是名词而不是代词, 且谓语动词是be, stand, sit, lie, live, come等动词时, 为了保持句子平衡或使上下文衔接更紧密, 常使用完全倒装结构。
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①Here __ (be) the book you want.
②On the desk _____(be) some flowers.
完成句子
③________________________________________ a professor. 世纪金榜导
学号?
在英国一所大学的讲堂里坐着一位教授。
is
were
In a lecture hall of a university in England sits
11. The desert was once a green land with huge trees, but they were cut down and that resulted in the city being buried by sand— what a pity! 这片沙漠曾是一块长着参天大树的绿洲, 但是大树被砍倒了, 这导致了这座城市被风沙覆盖——多么遗憾啊! ?
【文化金句】 Nixon’s visiting China marked a new era between the U. S. and China diplomatic relations.
尼克松访问中国标志着中美外交关系进入一个新的时代。
【句型公式】
动名词的复合结构主要有两种情况:
(1)名词所有格/名词的普通格+doing
(2)形容词性物主代词/人称代词的宾格+doing
【语境速测】 完成句子
①I can’t imagine _____________________ such a young man. ?
我无法想象玛丽嫁给一个这样的年轻人。
②I knew nothing about ____________________. ?
我一点也不知道窗户敞开着。
【误区释疑】 如果动名词的复合结构作主语, 其逻辑主语用形容词性物主代
词或名词所有格。
Mary’s/ Mary marrying
the window being open
12. In less than 9 minutes, the ship sank with 1, 177 men on board. 在不到9分钟的时间里, 船连同船上的1 177人都沉了下去。?
【写作金句】 With so many different forms of poetry to choose from, students may eventually want to write poems of their own. 有这么多不同的诗歌类型可选, 学生们最终也许想自己作诗了。
【句型公式】
“with+宾语+宾语补足语”构成的复合结构作状语时, 表原因、条件、方式等。主要结构如下:
【语境速测】 完成句子
①____________________the work attentively, she didn’t know what was
happening outside. ?
因为她的注意力都集中在工作上, 她不知道外面发生的事情。
②I can’t go to the cinema with you with ______________________?
有这么多作业要完成, 我不能和你一起去看电影。
③He felt more uneasy with the whole class ______________
全班同学都盯着他看, 他感到更不自然了。
With her eyes fixed on
so much homework to do.
staring at him. ?
【备选要点】
1. pour vi. 涌流, 倾泻vt. 倒出(液体); 源源不断地输出
【语块必记】
pour in 涌进
pour into 涌进……
pour out (of . . . ) (从……)涌出; 倾诉
pour . . . into/on . . . 把……倒入……/把……倒在……上
【语境速测】 完成句子
①Would you please __________________(倒一杯茶)? ?
②People ________(涌进) big department stores when they have sales. ?
pour me a cup of tea
pour into
2. expression n. 表示, 表达; 表情, 神色
【语块必记】
(1)beyond expression 无法形容, 无法表达
(2)express v. 表达, 表示
express oneself 表达自己(的感情或想法)
(3)expressive adj. 有表现力的, 富于表情的
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①When he heard the news, his face took on a surprised __________ (express).
②The scenery in my hometown is beautiful _______ expression.
③I find it difficult for me to express ______ (me) in English.
expression
beyond
myself
3. educate vt. 教育
【语块必记】
(1)educate sb. to do sth. 教育某人做某事
educate sb. about/on sth. 教育某人某事
educate oneself (=learn sth. by oneself) 自学
(2)educated adj. 受过教育的; 有教养的
well-educated adj. 受过良好教育的; 有教养的
(3)education n. 教育, 教养
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①He ____________(educate) at the local high school, after which he went on to
Beijing University. ?
②First, the public should be educated ________(follow) the traffic rules. ?
③It is universally acknowledged that _________ (educate) is very important to
us.
was educated
to follow
education
4. basis n. [C]基础; 基准; 原因; 根据
【语块必记】
(1)on a/the basis of 以……为基础; 根据
on the basis of/that 由于……; 因为……
(2)base n. 基础; 基地; 根据vt. 以……为基础
be based on 以……为基础; 建立在……基础上
base . . . on . . . 把……建立在……基础上
(3)basic adj. 基础的; 基本的
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①The first year provides students with a sound theoretical _____ (base) for later
study. ?
②Some videos have been banned on the basis ____ they are too violent.
完成句子
③_____________(根据)those facts, we can reach the following conclusion. ?
④The movie __________(以……为基础) a real-life incident. ?
basis
that
On the basis of
is based on
5. no doubt 无疑, 确实
【写作金句】 There is no doubt that John’s quick thinking and the first aid skills he learned at school saved Ms Slade’s life.
毫无疑问, 是约翰敏捷的思维和在学校所学的急救技术, 使得斯莱德女士得救了。
【语块必记】
(1)There is no doubt that . . . 毫无疑问……
There is some doubt whether. . . 怀疑是否……
without doubt 毫无疑问
(2)don’t doubt that . . . 不要怀疑……
doubt whether/if . . . 怀疑/不相信是否……
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①______ is no doubt that children there are badly in need of care and help.
②There’s some doubt _______ he has the ability to do the job.
③________ doubt, he is up to the job as long as he would give his mind to it.
There
whether
Without
【误区释疑】 (1)当doubt作名词时, 在肯定句中接whether(不可用if)引导的同位语从句; 在否定句中用that引导同位语从句。
(2)当doubt作动词时, 在肯定句中接whether引导的宾语从句, 也可用if替换whether; 在否定句、疑问句中后跟that引导的宾语从句。
(3)像no doubt一样由“no+n. ”构成的短语还有:
①no problem 没问题 ②no way 没门
③no wonder 难怪 ④no hurry 不急
6. come down with 患(病), 得(传染性的病)
【写作金句】 After several days of heavy rain, the roof came down with a loud voice, crashing into the ground.
经过几天大雨之后, 屋顶发出一声巨响, 坍塌在地。
【语块必记】
come back to life 苏醒过来
come up with 想出; 提出
come about 发生
come across 穿过(路、桥); 偶遇; 偶然发现(=come upon)
come to 苏醒; 总计; 达到; 谈到
come to a conclusion 得出结论; 告一段落
come out 泄露; 出版
come to an end 结束
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①We come down ____ illnesses more easily when under stress.
②Can you tell me how the accident came _____?
③He spoke for a long time but his meaning did not really come ______
with
about
across.
【知识拓展】 由“v. +adv. +with”构成的短语还有:
①catch/keep up with 跟上, 赶上
②come up with 想出, 提出
③get along with 与……相处, 进展
④get away with 侥幸逃脱
⑤put up with 忍受
7. judge n. 法官; 审判员; 裁判员 vt. 判断; 审判; 裁判
【文化金句】 We should never judge persons by their looks. 我们绝不能以貌取人。
【语块必记】
(1)judge . . . from/by . . . 从……来判断
judge between right and wrong 判断是非
as far as I can judge 据我判断; 我认为
(2)judging by/from 从……上看; 根据……判断
(3)judgment n. 判断
【语境速测】 写出黑体部分的含义
①He stood emotionless as he heard the judge pass sentence. ( )
②A judge decides who will be the winner of a competition. ( )
③Judging from what he has just said, the company will reduce the staff.
( )
法官
裁判员
根据……判断
单句语法填空
④_______ (judge) from the response of the audience, the performance was a
success.
⑤All under 30 years old, the candidates were examined by a group of ______
(judge) in their fields.
Judging
judges
核心素养测评九 Unit 3 Back to the past
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
A
For its outsize reputation, Silicon Valley is a narrow thing. America’s innovation (创新) capital mainly consists of many small towns and cities on the San Francisco Peninsula (半岛) squeezed between the coastal mountain range to the west and the bay to the east. It is traditionally made up of the top of Santa Clara County as well as the very bottom of San Mateo County.
Not long ago, this place was known as the Valley of Heart’s Delight, famous for its plentiful fruit yards. The circumstances that turned the countryside into a technological center have been studied carefully, and many have attempted to replicate the magic in Silicon Valley. But for the past two decades, photographer Beth Yarnelle Edwards has been documenting the one aspect often unnoticed by these observers: Silicon Valley’s fundamentally suburban (郊区的) character.
Edwards’ Suburban Dreams project was born in 1997. “I felt lonely and trapped, but I realized that the people around me really loved being there, ” she recalled. She began by photographing friends and acquaintances near her home in San Carlos. The project grew as she interviewed her subjects to understand how their environment shaped their hopes and dreams. “It’s really important to me that the pictures are true to what is happening in the home, ” she says. In 2016, Edwards began revisiting her subjects to see the effects of the economic growth and the wealth. But she was surprised by how little had changed in the lives of those still there.
Many Silicon Valley natives do not recognize much of what they see there nowadays. It’s true that modest bungalows (平房) have been replaced by very large houses. Almost everything is more crowded and more expensive. But a lot will never change. The main roads—Highway 101, El Camino Real—are the same. So are the freestanding oak trees and gentle hills surrounded by golden grass. And at the heart of them all, as Edwards’ photos illustrate, the suburban dream is still alive.
【文章大意】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。硅谷是由美国旧金山附近的郊区乡镇发展而成的, 虽然经济富裕, 高楼大厦取代了平房, 但是从爱德华兹所拍摄的硅谷人民生活变化的照片可以看出, 经济的发展对许多人的生活并没有产生很大的影响。人们仍旧保留着“郊区之梦”。
1. Where is Silicon Valley?
A. In the center of San Francisco.
B. On the San Francisco Peninsula.
C. On the top of Santa Clara County.
D. At the bottom of San Mateo County.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“America’s innovation capital mainly consists of many small towns and cities on the San Francisco Peninsula squeezed between the coastal mountain range to the west and the bay to the east. ”可知, 硅谷位于美国旧金山半岛处, 夹在位于西方的沿海山脉和位于东方的海湾之间, 故B项正确。
2. Which of the following best explains the underlined word “replicate” in Paragraph 2?
A. Copy. B. Replace.
C. Study. D. Report.
【解析】选A。词义猜测题。根据第二段第二句“The circumstances that turned the countryside into a technological center have been studied carefully, and many have attempted to replicate the magic in Silicon Valley. ”可知, 将农村变成科技中心的环境已经被仔细研究过; 由该句中的“have been studied carefully”并结合语境可知, 画线词意为“复制”, 即复制硅谷的魔力, 故A项正确。
3. What did the project focus on later?
A. People’s hopes and dreams.
B. The wish of the acquaintances.
C. The true life of the local people.
D. Silicon Valley’s influences on the locals.
【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句“In 2016, Edwards began revisiting her subjects to see the effects of the economic growth and the wealth. But she was surprised by how little had changed in the lives of those still there. ”可知, 在2016年, 爱德华兹开始再次拜访她的研究对象, 看看经济增长和财富带来的影响; 但令她惊讶的是, 那些仍在那里的人的生活变化甚微。据此可知, 该项目后来关注的是硅谷对当地人生活的影响, 故D项正确。
4. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Crazy Changes, Crazy Followers
B. Wild Dream, Successful Project
C. Lively City, Major Innovation
D. Unchanging Life, Unchanging Dream
【解析】选D。标题判断题。根据尾段第四句“But a lot will never change. ”和最后一句“And at the heart of them all, as Edwards’ photos illustrate, the suburban dream is still alive. ”, 并结合全文内容可知, 本文主要讲述了“虽然硅谷在经济上取得了巨大的成功, 但是人们的生活并没有由此发生太大的变化, 人们的郊区之梦也没有改变”这一主题, 故D项最适合作本文的标题。
【知识拓展】长难句分析
It’s really important to me that the pictures are true to what is happening in the home.
分析: 本句是it 为形式主语, that引导的从句为主语从句, 主语从句中to后跟宾语从句, 连词what在该宾语从句中作主语。
翻译: 这对我来说真的很重要, 这些照片是真实的发生在家里的。
B
Have you ever wondered when dogs first became “man’s best friend” and the world’s favourite pet? If you have, then you’re not alone. When and where dogs first began living side by side with humans are questions that have stirred hot debate among scientists. There are a few hard facts that all agree on. These include that dogs were once wolves and they were the first animal to be domesticated by humans. They came into human lives some 15, 000 years ago, before the dawn of agriculture.
Beyond that, there is little agreement. The earliest bones found that are unquestionable dogs’ and not wolves’ date from 14, 000 years ago. However, 30, 000-year-old skulls have been discovered in France and Belgium that are not pure wolves’ and some scientists think could be dogs’.
With such puzzling evidence, many scientists are now turning to DNA to find out when and where dogs were first domesticated. In one research project, tens of thousands of blood samples have been taken from street dogs around the world. The plan is to compare them with those of wolves. It’s even possible to analyze DNA from ancient bones. Tiny pieces of the 30, 000-year-old skulls mentioned earlier are currently being studied, and another DNA study has already shown that ancient dogs preserved in the Alaskan ice fields evolved from Asian wolves, not American ones.
Indeed, the ancient DNA may turn out to be more informative than the DNA of living dogs. Because dogs have accompanied humans around the world for thousands of years, their current distribution may tell us very little of their origins. This is why different groups of scientists believe that dogs variously originated in eastern Asia, Mongolia, Siberia, Europe or Africa.
But why were the animals domesticated in the first place? The most recent theory is that dogs domesticated themselves, initially living in and around our ancient villages to eat any food thrown out. Today, this is a way of life still shared by three quarters of a billion unowned dogs worldwide.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。研究发现, 狗是从狼驯养而来的, 早在一万五千年之前狗就进入了人类的生活。科学家通过分析古代狗的DNA验证了狗最初生活的地方, 并分析了狗最初被驯养的原因。
5. Which is the only statement generally agreed on by scientists studying dogs?
A. Dogs originally were used as farm animals.
B. Dogs evolved from wolves found in Europe.
C. Dogs helped the development of agriculture.
D. Dogs were the first animal to be kept as pets.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第一段第三句中的“that have stirred hot debate among scientists”, 再结合第一段倒数第二句可知, 狗是第一种被人类驯养的动物, 科学家们对此达成了普遍共识, 故D项正确。
6. Why does the writer first mention the 30, 000-year-old animals’ skulls?
A. To show that dogs were much larger in the past.
B. To prove that dogs developed from Asian wolves.
C. To suggest that dogs may have evolved much earlier.
D. To argue that dogs were first kept in France and Belgium.
【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第二段第三句“However, 30, 000-year-old skulls have been discovered in France and Belgium that are not pure wolves’ and some scientists think could be dogs’. ”可知, 在法国和比利时已经发现了3万年前的头骨, 它们不完全是狼的, 科学家认为有一些可能是狗的。据此可推知, 该处提及三万年前的动物头骨旨在说明狗的进化历史更早, 故C项正确。
7. How did scientists determine the origins of the ancient dogs found in Alaska?
A. By analyzing the age of their bones.
B. By examining the animals’ DNA.
C. By studying the shape of their skulls.
D. By comparing them with modern dogs.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第三段尾句中的“another DNA study has already shown that ancient dogs preserved in the Alaskan ice fields evolved from Asian wolves, not American ones. ”可知, 科学家是通过检测DNA的方法来判断在阿拉斯加发现的古代狗的起源的, 故B项正确。
8. Why did dogs start living with humans?
A. Because they were attracted by food.
B. Because they were trapped by humans.
C. Because they couldn’t survive in the wild.
D. Because they were trained to protect villages.
【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据尾段第二句“The most recent theory is that dogs domesticated themselves, initially living in and around our ancient villages to eat any food thrown out. ”可知, 最近的一种说法是, 狗是自己驯养自己的, 最初生活在我们古老的村庄里或周围, 吃人们扔掉的食物。据此可推知, 狗和人类生活在一起的原因是它们被食物所吸引, 故A项正确。
【知识拓展】佳词积累
1. side by side 肩并肩的
2. domesticate v. 驯养
3. evolve v. 进化
4. originate v. 起源, 发生
Ⅱ. 阅读填句
How to Choose a Dog
Dogs have always been considered as the most popular pet animals and loyal friends of humans. Owning a dog can be a really great experience for the owner as well as his family members. 1 It is a very important decision, and it has to be made after thinking over and over. To choose a right dog, you have to consider various aspects of factors. ?
Size is one of the most important factors for dog selection. 2 But they have to be handled very carefully as most of them are fragile. However, this may not be always true—some big dogs still can be kept in small space. ?
Though puppies (幼犬) are mostly preferred to adults, there are some people who go for grown-up dogs. 3 Puppies can be trained easily, while grown-up dogs may take time and sometimes resist your efforts to get them trained. ?
Although some people like dogs with frightening appearances, cute dogs are very much in demand. 4 They often ignore many other factors. Once they adopt the dog, they soon land themselves in trouble. ?
Families with small kids must avoid adopting dogs that lose hairs. Dog hair may cause allergic reactions in children. 5 Then you should also try to get a dog that is friendly towards other animals. ?
A. You may also talk to experts for opinions.
B. This is another vital factor for you to focus on.
C. Both have their own advantages and disadvantages.
D. However, choosing the right one is confusing for many.
E. Unfortunately, there are many who only care about looks.
F. For those with space concerns, the small dog can be a good choice.
G. Besides, a pet dog should be gentle in nature and best suited for kids.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文, 介绍了在养狗之前如何选择适合自己的狗。
1. 【解析】选D。根据空格前一句“Owning a dog can be a really great experience for the owner as well as his family members. ”可知, 养一条狗对主人和其家人都是一个很好的经历; 根据下文“To choose a right dog, you have to consider various aspects of factors. ”可知, 选择合适的狗得考虑很多因素。故D项“然而, 选择合适的狗对很多人来说是困惑的”和空前一句形成转折关系并且和下文相呼应, 故选D项。
2. 【解析】选F。根据空格前一句“Size is one of the most important factors for dog selection. ”可知, 本段讲的是选择狗要考虑狗的大小。故F项“对于那些担心空间的人来说, 小狗是个不错的选择”符合语境, 故选F项。
3. 【解析】选C。根据空格后一句“Puppies can be trained easily, while grown-up dogs may take time and sometimes resist your efforts to get them trained. ”可知, 小狗容易训练, 而成年的狗可能得花时间训练, 有时可能抗拒训练, 故C项“它们都有自己的优缺点”符合语境。
4. 【解析】选E。根据空格前一句“Although some people like dogs with frightening appearances, cute dogs are very much in demand. ”可知, 本段讲的是狗的外表, 故E项“不幸的是, 很多人只在乎狗的外表”符合本段文意, 且和设空后一句“They often ignore many other factors. ”相呼应, 故选E项。
5. 【解析】选G。根据本段首句“Families with small kids must avoid adopting dogs that lose hairs. ”可知, 本段讲的是有小孩的家庭在选择狗时需要注意的事项。G项“此外, 宠物狗应该性格温顺并且最适合小孩”符合语境, 故选G项。
Ⅲ. 语法填空世纪金榜导学号
阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入1个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Undoubtedly, Britain is a nation of hat wearers. From taking off hats
1. launching mortar boards (学位帽) in the air, hats have long been associated with ceremonies and practices. Even the history of the country can
2. (tell) through hats.
3. (date) back to medieval England, the flat cap became a symbol of working class culture in the 19th and 20th centuries. The Edwardian Era was
4. golden age of hats, when the decorations became even more delicate, ranging from flowers, birds to fruits. The pork pie hat, starting in the mid-19th century, was the 5. (choose) for many well-dressed Victorian citizens. Decades later it 6. (gradual) became a key feature of London street style. By the 1960s, though, hats faded out of people’s sight because of the rise of private cars. It was the Royal Wedding 7. (hold) in 2011 that contributed to the return of hat wearing. For example, Stockport Hat Works Museum—the only museum in the country featured in hats and hat making—is 8. (popular) than ever, with a distinct increase among its visitors.
9. marks Britain out on the world stage is the large number of hats that can be called its own. The variety of hats in Britain 10. (reflect) its multicultural background and rich cultural heritage.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文, 介绍了英国的帽子文化及其发展史。
1. 【解析】to。考查介词。根据空前的“From taking off”及空后的“launching”可知, 此处为固定用法from. . . to. . . “从……到……”, 故用介词to。
2. 【解析】be told。考查动词的语态。分析句子结构可知, 句子主语the history of the country和tell之间是被动关系, 谓语用被动形式, 且与情态动词连用, 故填be told。
3. 【解析】Dating。考查非谓语动词。date和句子谓语became之间没有连词, 故用其非谓语动词形式, 且固定词组date back to意为“追溯到”, date与其逻辑主语the flat cap之间是主动关系, 故用其现在分词形式。
4. 【解析】a。考查冠词。golden age意为“黄金时代”, 是可数名词单数形式, 其前无限定词修饰, 此处在文中第一次提及, 且golden的发音以辅音音素开头, 故用不定冠词a修饰。
5. 【解析】choice。考查词性转换。根据语境, 且其前由定冠词the修饰可知, 此处用其名词形式。
6. 【解析】gradually。考查词性转换。本句中应用副词gradually修饰动词became。
7. 【解析】held。考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知, 句子主语the Royal Wedding和hold之间是被动关系, 故用其过去分词作后置定语。本句是一个强调句, 即: It is/was+被强调部分+that+句子剩余部分, 对句子主语the Royal Wedding进行强调。
8. 【解析】more popular。考查形容词的比较级。与语境中的“than”呼应可知, 此处用形容词比较级, 作is的表语。
9. 【解析】What。考查主语从句的连接词。分析句子结构可知, 空处引导主语从句, 且在从句中作主语, 表示“……的事物”, 故用连接代词What。
10. 【解析】reflects。考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据语境可知, 本句描述一般事实, 应用一般现在时, 主语为单数第三人称The variety of hats, 故此处谓语动词用第三人称单数形式reflects。
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
When a Swedish ship that sank in 1628 was recovered from the port of Stockholm, historians and scientists were overjoyed with the chance to examine the remains of the past. The ship construction showed how ships were built and operated during the seventeenth century. In this way, artifacts, objects made by human beings, provided a picture of daily life almost 400 years ago.
Underwater archaeology—the study of ships, aircraft and human settlements that have sunk under large bodies of water—is really a product of the last 50 years. The rapid growth of this new area of study has occurred because of the invention of better diving equipment. Besides the Swedish ship wreck(残骸), underwater archaeologists have made more exciting discoveries such as the 5, 000-year-old boats in the Mediterranean Sea.
Underwater archaeology can provide facts about the past. In ancient ports all over the world are ships sunken in the past 6, 000 years. There are also sunken settlements in seas and lakes telling of people’s way of life and their systems of trade in ancient times. Underwater archaeologists want to study these objects to add to the world’s knowledge of history, but they have to fight two enemies. One enemy is treasure hunters who dive for ancient artifacts that they can sell to collectors. Once sold, these objects are lost to experts. The second enemy is dredging machines(挖掘机)often used to repair ports. These machines destroy wrecks and artifacts or bury them deeper under sand and mud. By teaching the public about the importance of underwater“museums”of the past, archaeologists are hoping to get support for laws to protect underwater treasures.
【文章大意】本文为说明文, 主要介绍了水下考古的产生、作用、发展及其面临的困难等。
1. What purpose does Paragraph 1 serve in the passage?
A. To provide background information of the topic.
B. To attract readers’ attention to the topic.
C. To use an example to support the topic.
D. To offer basic knowledge of the topic.
【解析】选B。推理判断题。本文以在海底发现一艘沉船开篇, 其目的就是引起读者的兴趣。
2. The aim of underwater archaeology is to . ?
A. exploit water bodies
B. search for underwater life
C. study underwater artifacts
D. examine underwater environment
【解析】选C。推理判断题。从最后一段可知, 水下考古的目的是研究在很久以前被淹没在水下的一些物品, 进而研究当时的历史情况。
3. Underwater archaeologists are worried because . ?
A. sea hunters have better diving equipment
B. their knowledge of world history is limited
C. dredging machines cause damage to the ports
D. sold artifacts can hardly be regained for research
【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Once sold, these objects are lost to experts. ”可知选D。
4. What is the main purpose of the passage?
A. To introduce underwater archaeology.
B. To discuss the scientists’ problems.
C. To explain people’s way of life in the past.
D. To describe the sunken ships.
【解析】选A。主旨大意题。本文阐述研究领域的最新分支——水下考古。
Ⅱ. 完形填空
I first discovered Café Gratitude several months ago. My friend Dr. Heather invited me to 1 her for lunch. Heather had just moved to Los Angeles, and we would discuss the project we were doing. As we sat down and were 2 the delicious vegetarian menu, the server who came to take our 3 asked us the question of the day, “What are you grateful for? ”?
I felt a familiar stir in my chest, and my eyes began to water. 4 pause, Heather 5 her hand out to me and said that it was great to be with me. I expressed my gratitude to be with her too, enjoying this moment of our shared 6 and her new start in Los Angeles. After a delicious lunch, I decided to stay a while longer as the question had inspired me to meet the co-owner, Ryland. Pauses or 7 in life are a very good time to listen to what’s 8 on inside of our hearts. ?
When Ryland came over to my table with his big smile, his title of Chief Inspiration Officer seemed very 9 for his personality. He gave me his 10 attention as he opened his heart to listen. I told him how I wanted to help him open more 11 so there could be more places to eat and help spread this 12 of “being generous and grateful every day”. Since that 13 , Café Gratitude has been my favorite place to eat. ?
What a rewarding and meaningful experience! And I’ve since learned that Café Gratitude practices business through what they call “Sacred Commerce” where they provide inspired service, and express 14 for the richness of our lives. A simple question that day 15 me down new paths and gave me new friendships. ?
【文章大意】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。“我”应邀和朋友在一家“感恩餐馆”共进午餐, 期间服务员问我们“我们感激什么”时, “我”和“我”的朋友都认为那一刻彼此的陪伴让我们感激。这一简单的问题让“我”有了新的人生感悟……
1. A. attend B. accompany
C. involve D. find
【解析】选B。根据语境可知, “我”的朋友Heather博士邀请“我”陪她共进午餐。accompany意为“陪伴”, 故B项正确。
2. A. looking B. testing
C. planning D. studying
【解析】选D。根据空后的“delicious vegetarian menu”及常识可知, 我们坐下并细看菜单。studying意为“细看”, 故D项正确。
3. A. space B. time C. order D. place
【解析】选C。根据该句中的“the server who came to take”及常识可推知, 服务员过来请我们点餐。order意为“点菜”, 故C项正确。
4. A. Without B. Despite
C. In terms of D. Regardless of
【解析】选A。根据语境可知, Heather毫无停顿向“我”伸出手, 说和“我”在一起感觉很好。without pause意为“毫无停顿”, 故A项正确。
5. A. reached B. shook C. clapped D. stuck
【解析】选A。由“her hand out to me”可知, Heather向“我”伸出手, reach意为“伸, 伸手(以碰触或提起某物)”, 故A项正确。
6. A. project B. seat
C. honesty D. friendship
【解析】选D。根据上文可知, 我们都表达了对彼此陪伴的感激; 再结合该句中的“shared”可推知, 我们享受着分享友谊的时刻。friendship意为“友谊”, 故D项正确。
7. A. action B. delays C. hurry D. dreams
【解析】选B。根据语境可知, 空处与“Pauses”相照应, 应为其同义词语, 故delays “延迟”符合语境, 故B项正确。
8. A. looking B. insisting
C. going D. agreeing
【解析】选C。根据语境可知, 生活中的暂停或延迟是倾听我们内心想法的一个很好的时机。go on意为“发生”, 为固定搭配, 符合语境, 故C项正确。
9. A. suitable B. ready C. eager D. anxious
【解析】选A。根据语境可知, 他微笑着, 看起来他“首席灵感官”的头衔和他的个性很匹配。(be) suitable for为固定搭配, 意为“适合于……”, 故A项正确。
10. A. simple B. full C. urgent D. regular
【解析】选B。根据从句“as he opened his heart to listen”可知, 他敞开心扉倾听, 全身心注意着“我”。full意为“完全的”, 故B项正确。
11. A. hotels B. schools
C. clubs D. restaurants
【解析】选D。根据空后的“more places to eat”可推知, “我”想要帮助他开更多的饭店, 这样的话就有更多的地方就餐并传播“每天要慷慨并感恩”的信息。restaurants意为“饭店”, 故D项正确。
12. A. lesson B. note C. message D. lecture
【解析】选C。此处指开设更多的饭店来传播这样的信息。message “信息”符合语境。
13. A. meeting B. performance
C. act D. vacation
【解析】选A。根据上文中的“meet the co-owner”并结合语境可知, 自从那次见面以来, “感恩餐馆”就成了“我”最喜爱去就餐的地方。meeting意为“会面”, 故A项正确。
14. A. explanation B. appreciation
C. consideration D. application
【解析】选B。根据语境, 该餐馆的名字及其经营理念可知, 他们向我们生命的丰足表达了感激。appreciation意为“感激”, 故B项正确。
15. A. surprised B. led
C. returned D. held
【解析】选B。根据语境可知, 那天的一个简单的问题, 引导“我”走上新的道路, 给了“我”新的友谊(关系)。led意为“引领”, 故B项正确。
【知识拓展】佳词积累
1. grateful adj. 感激的
2. stir n. 震动
3. gratitude n. 感激
4. pause n. 停顿
5. generous adj. 慷慨的
Ⅲ. 应用文写作
(2020·洛阳模拟)
假定你是李华, 外国交换生Tony想参加你校的社团以学习中国文化。请你给他写封邮件, 内容包括:
1. 校社团情况介绍;
2. 活动的时间、地点;
3. 报名方法。
注意: 1. 词数80左右;
2. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。
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【参考范文】
Dear Tony,
I’m glad to learn that you’re interested in our school clubs. Here are the brief introductions. There are four clubs with the themes of Chinese culture for lovers of kung fu, cooking, painting and handwriting in our school. Each club provides regular training courses. The clubs can not only enrich your knowledge of Chinese traditional culture, but also make your school life colorful and interesting. The activities start at 3: 00 pm and last 1. 5 hours every Friday in Teaching Building 1. If you are interested in any club above, just sign up on our school website before 18th, October. Welcome to join us.
Yours,
Li Hua
Ⅳ. 读后续写
阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
It was one of the hottest days of the dry season. We had not seen rain in almost a month. The crops were dying. Cows had stopped giving milk. The streams were long gone back into the earth. If we didn’t see some rain soon we would lose everything. It was on this day that I learned the true lesson of sharing and witnessed the best miracle I have ever seen in my life.
I was in the kitchen making lunch for the family when I saw my six-year-old son, Billy, walking toward the woods. I could only see his back. He wasn’t walking with his usual steps. He was obviously walking with great effort, trying to be as still as possible. Minutes after he disappeared into the woods, he came running out again, toward the house. I went back to make sandwiches, thinking that whatever he had been doing was completed. Moments later, however, he was once again walking in that slow purposeful long step toward the woods. This activity went on for over an hour: walking cautiously to the woods, then running back to the house. Finally, my curiosity got the best of me. I crept out of the house and followed him on his journey.
He was cupping both hands in front of him as he walked; being very careful not to spill(溅出) the water he held in them. I stepped close as he went into the woods. Branches and thorns slapped his little face but he did not try to avoid them. He might have a much greater purpose, I thought. As I came closer, I saw the most amazing sight. Several large deer stood in front of him. Billy walked right up to them, at the sight of which I almost screamed for him to get away. A huge buck (雄鹿) was dangerously close. But the buck neither threatened him nor even moved as Billy knelt down. And I saw a baby deer lying on the ground, obviously suffering from heavy loss of water and heat exhaustion, lifting its head with great effort to lap (舔) up the water cupped in my boy’s hands.
注意: 续写部分分为两段, 每段的开头语已为你写好。
When the water was gone, Billy jumped up to run back to the house. I followed him back to the tap. ?
?
This time I joined him, with a small pot of water from the kitchen. ?
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【参考范文】
When the water was gone, Billy jumped up to run back to the house. I followed him back to the tap. Billy turned it on and began to cup both hands. He knelt down, letting the drip slowly fill up his “cup”. And now I knew what was going on. Obviously, was afraid of being scolded for wasting water, so he avoided asking me for help. When he stood up and turned back, I walked toward him. His eyes were filled with tears. “Mom, I’m not wasting. ”
This time I joined him, with a small pot of water from the kitchen. I let him tend to the baby deer alone while I just helped fetch the water. As the tears that rolled down my face began to hit the ground, they were suddenly joined by other drops. . . and more drops. . . and more. I looked up at the sky. It was as if God, himself, was weeping with pride. I can’t believe it was raining!
阅读理解
(2020·长春模拟)
Pangolins (穿山甲) are strange-looking creatures, covered with hard scales (鳞). They can roll up into a ball to protect themselves from enemies and have tongues that are longer than their bodies.
Pangolins have recently become the focus of Chinese people. A screenshot of a microblog post showing some people eating pangolins at a feast spread. A few days later, people were angered again by pictures showing people eating protected animals, including pangolins.
Yet this is only the tip of the iceberg. Many more pangolins have been hunted or killed. According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), more than 1 million of them have been killed or sold in the last 10 years. It also said that they are the most illegally traded mammals in the world. In September 2016, the IUCN added the pangolin to the world’s “endangered animals list”. They are now more endangered than pandas.
A growing trade of their scales and meat is the main reason for their decline in number. Many people in Asia and Africa consider pangolin meat is delicious. Some people even think pangolin scales have medical qualities. However, their scales are made of keratin (角蛋白), the same material human fingernails are made of.
Luckily, the situation is getting better. World Pangolin Day is on the third Saturday of February each year. It’s a day to help people know more about pangolins. The government now stops anyone from buying and eating pangolins in China. Breaking this law is regarded as a crime, and the trade of pangolins across the world is also not allowed, according to the Convention on Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章阐述了穿山甲濒临灭绝的现状, 以及为保护穿山甲而采取的举措。
1. Pangolins have caught people’s attention these years because . ?
A. they look strange
B. they appear in some movies
C. they are killed and eaten by people
D. they have something to do with pandas
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词“attention”和“these years”, 定位在第二段。该段开头说, 穿山甲近来成为中国人关注的焦点, 然后提到一张屏幕截图和一些图片里, 穿山甲成为人们的盘中珍馐, 这与C项的描述是一致的。
2. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Pangolins can roll up into a ball to attack enemies.
B. More than 1 million pangolins were killed or sold last year.
C. Pangolins were named the most endangered animal in 2016.
D. The pangolin is a kind of mammals.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第三段内容, 尤其是第四句中的“they are the most illegally traded mammals in the world”可知, 穿山甲是一种哺乳动物, 故选D。
3. The real aim of World Pangolin Day may be to . ?
A. attract people to the zoo to watch pangolins
B. lift people’s awareness of protecting pangolins
C. remind people of pangolins’ medical value
D. explain the law to people
【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据题干中的“World Pangolin Day”, 定位在最后一段。该段主要讲述了在世界穿山甲日为保护穿山甲而采取的举措, 而这个节日能让人们更多地了解穿山甲, 从而提高人们保护穿山甲的意识, 故选B。
4. What might be the author’s attitude towards the measures taken to protect pangolins?
A. Positive. B. Negative.
C. Disappointed. D. Unconcerned.
【解析】选A。观点态度题。根据最后一段内容可知, 中国政府禁止任何人购买和食用穿山甲, 世界各地也禁止买卖穿山甲, 局面正在好转, 由此可推知作者觉得这些措施是积极的, 故选A。
【知识拓展】长难句分析
A few days later, people were angered again by pictures showing people eating protected animals, including pangolins.
分析: 本句是主从复合句。动词现在分词showing 作pictures的后置定语。后面含有现在分词eating作第二个people的后置定语。
翻译: 几天后, 人们又被一些照片激怒了, 照片上的人正在吃受保护动物, 包括穿山甲。
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