Unit 4 Section Ⅰ Warming Up & Reading
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Every year there are hundreds of earthquakes in different parts of the world. In September, 1923, Tokyo and Yokohama were both destroyed by an earthquake and the fires that followed it. They had to be completely rebuilt. One of the most serious earthquakes was in China's Shanxi Province in 1556. It killed almost one million people.
We measure an earthquake's strength on the Richter Scale. The Richter Scale was introduced in 1935 in Southern California in the USA. It measures earthquakes on a scale of one to ten. Any earthquake measuring five or more is usually serious.
The Earth's crust (地壳) is made up of rock called plates. As these plates move, they sometimes crash (撞) against each other, causing the crust to quake. In cities such as Tokyo, where small quakes happen quite often, many modern buildings are designed to be flexible so when the Earth moves, they move with it.
Earthquakes can also break up gas and oil pipes. This can cause fires to break out, which can do as much damage as the earthquake itself. Another effect of earthquakes is tsunamis. These are huge waves created by earthquakes beneath the sea. They can be many metres high and cause great damage to coastal towns and cities. China, Japan, Russia and the USA have the highest occurrence (发生) of earthquakes in the world.
【语篇解读】 中国和日本在历史上都曾发生过强烈的大地震，地震会给人类带来什么样的危害呢？
1．The passage is mainly about _____________.
A．scientists who study the earthquakes
B．a usual natural disaster
C．the way of measuring earthquakes
D．what people should do in the earthquakes
解析：选B 主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了地震这种自然灾害，在世界各地，其实每年都会发生成百上千次地震，故选B。
2．The earthquake in Shanxi Province _____________， which is NOT true?
A．happened in 1556
B．killed almost one million people
C．was the only earthquake in China
D．caused a lot of damage
解析：选C 细节理解题。从第一段最后两句“One of the most serious earthquakes was in China's Shanxi Province in 1556. It killed almost one million people.”可知C项错误。
3．Earthquakes _____________.
A．happen all over the world
B．are not serious
C．most possibly happen in Japan
D．don't cause much damage
解析：选A 细节理解题。通过全文以及常识可知B、C、D三项错误，由短文第一句“Every year there are hundreds of earthquakes in different parts of the world.”可知A项正确。
4．According to the passage, we know that tsunamis _____________.
A．can cause earthquakes
B．are caused by earthquakes
C．only happen on land
D．are a way of measuring earthquakes
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据最后一段第三句“Another effect of earthquakes is tsunamis.”可知B项正确。
B
Everybody hates rats. But in the earthquake capitals of the world—Japan, Los Angeles, Turkey—rats will soon be man's best friends.
What happens after an earthquake? We send in rescue dogs.Why？Because they can smell people. Dogs save lives. They help rescuers to find living people. But dogs are big and they can't get into small spaces. So now a new research project is using a smaller animal to save lives: the rat.
How does it work? First, the rat is trained to smell people. When this happens, the rat's brain gives a signal (信号)．This is sent to a small radio on its back, and then the rescuers follow the radio signals. When the rat's brain activity jumps, the rescuers know that someone is alive. The rat has smelled that person.
Although there are already robots which can do this job, rats are better. Christian Linster at Cornell University, New York, says, “Robots' noses don't work well when there are other smells around. Rats are good at that.” Rats can also see in the dark. They are cheaper and quicker to train than dogs, and unlike robots, they don't need electricity!
The “rat project” is not finished, but Julie Ryan of International Rescue Corps in Scotland says, “It would be fantastic. A rat could get into spaces we couldn't get to, and a rat would get out if it wasn't safe.” Perhaps for the first time in history, people will be happy to see a rat in a building (but only after an earthquake, of course)．
【语篇解读】 人人痛恨的老鼠不久将在地震后的救援中成为人们的好朋友。
5．In the world earthquake capitals, rats will become man's best friends because they can _____________.
A．take the place of man's rescue jobs
B．find the position of people alive who are trapped in buildings
C．serve as food for people alive who are trapped in buildings
D．get into small spaces
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据文章第三段内容可知，人们利用老鼠来搜寻地震中的被困人员，因此答案为B项。
6．From the third paragraph we know the rescuers can judge a person who is alive by _____________.
A．the noise made by the rat
B．the rat's unusual behaviour
C．the signal sent by the radio on the rat's back
D．the smell given off by the person
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“When this happens, the rat's brain gives a signal (信号). This is sent to a small radio on its back, and then the rescuers follow the radio signals.”可知答案为C项。
7．Rats have all the following advantages EXCEPT that _____________.
A．they are more fantastic than other animals
B．they are less expensive to train than dogs
C．they don't need electricity
D．they are small and can get into small places
解析：选A 细节理解题。文章第一句提到“Everybody hates rats.”，由此可知，人们并不喜欢老鼠。
8．After reading the passage we know _____________.
A．at present rats have taken the place of dogs in searching for people
B．the “rat project” has been completed
C．people are now happy to see a rat in a building
D．now people still use dogs and robots in performing rescues
解析：选D 推理判断题。由文章最后一段中的“The‘rat project’ is not finished ...”可知A、B两项错误；由文章最后一句可排除C项。
Ⅱ.语法填空
Many people think the more time is spent, the more work will be done. So students have to spend the whole day 1._____________(finish) schoolwork except the three meals. According to a survey 2._____________ (carry) out recently, many high school students now have no more than 7 hours to sleep. Consequently, their health is seriously damaged.
Modern students usually have 3._____________ (various) of interests and hobbies. A two-day weekend can free them 4._____________ too much schoolwork, and they can do whatever they like. But the fact is 5._____________ teachers arrange lots of homework for students to do at weekends. With piles of homework 6._____________(do), the students cannot afford time to enjoy themselves. Many students are bored with their weekend homework and do it carelessly, 7._____________，of course, makes teachers angry.
Things always get worse without right ideas. Too much schoolwork makes students lose interest in learning. It's also bad for their health.
A horse runs faster after a rest. But for students only rest is not enough. They are 8._____________(heavy) burdened with too much homework. It is high time we 9._____________(take) effective measures to remove the burden upon them.
Please give students 10._____________(little) homework and leave them more free time.
【语篇解读】 现在，许多高中生除了三餐外都在抓紧时间学习，然而太多的作业让他们失去了学习兴趣，甚至危害到他们的健康。本文作者倡导学生应该劳逸结合，注重学习效率。
1．解析：spend ...(in) doing sth.表示“某人花时间或精力做某事”。
答案：finishing
2．解析：提示词carry所表示的动作与a survey之间是被动关系，故填过去分词。过去分词短语carried out recently作后置定语，修饰a survey。
答案：carried
3．解析：varieties of ...为固定搭配，意为“各种各样的……”。
答案：varieties
4．解析：free sb. from ...是固定搭配，意为“把某人从……中解放出来”。
答案：from
5．解析：分析本句句子结构可知，此处需用that引导表语从句，在从句中只起连接作用，不充当任何成分。
答案：that
6．解析：with sth. to do表示“有某事需要去做”。
答案：to do
7．解析：此处需要关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个主句的内容，并在从句中作主语。
答案：which
8．解析：此处需填提示词的副词形式修饰谓语。
答案：heavily
9．解析：It is high time (that) sb. did sth.意为“该是某人做某事的时候了”，从句用一般过去时表虚拟语气。
答案：took
10．解析：与本空后more free time对应，应填提示词的比较级形式。
答案：less
1．measure ．测量
2．be made up of 由……组成
3．plate n．板块
4．flexible adj.灵活的
5．coastal adj.沿海的
As these plates move， they sometimes crash ?撞? against each other， causing the crust to quake.
[分析] 这是一个复合句。as在句中引导时间状语从句；现在分词短语在句中作结果状语。
[翻译] 当这些板块运动时，它们有时会挤压在一起，导致地壳震动。
课件19张PPT。Section Ⅰ Warming Up & Reading基 础 巩 固能 力 提 升语 篇 理 解基 础 巩 固earthquake
burstmillion
event
ruindestroy
rescue
trapdisaster
bury
sheltersuffering
extreme
injure
useless
shockright away
as if
at an end
in ruins
dig out
a (great) number of
cut across
blow awayIt seemed as if many children wereleft without parents Everywhere they looked All hope was not lost 语 篇 理 解能 力 提 升点 击 进 入Unit 4 Section Ⅱ Learning about Language & Using Language
Ⅰ.七选五
SQ3R stands for Survey, Question, Read, Recite, Review. It is a proven technique to sharpen textbook reading skills. Here's how this strategy works：
Survey
Get an idea of what the chapter is about by reviewing the highlights (最突出的部分)：
1
Take note of words that are italicized (斜体) or bold(黑体)．
Look at charts, graphs, pictures, maps and other visual material.
Read the very beginning and end of the chapter.
Question
As you survey the text, ask a question for each section. 2 You can create questions by：
Turning the title or subtitles into questions；
Rewriting the questions at the end of the chapter in your own words.
Questions help you pay attention, understand the text better, and recall the information more easily later on.
Read
Read one section of a chapter at a time, actively looking for an answer to your question for that section. Pay attention to bold and italicized text that authors use to make important points. Be sure to review everything in the section, including tables, graphs, and charts. 3
Recite
At the end of each section, find an answer to your question for that section. 4 Be sure to provide examples that support it. Now repeat Question, Read and Recite steps for each section of the chapter or assigned reading.
Review
After reading, review your notes. Identify the main points of the reading by looking for the most important idea in each section. 5
Review your study notes and the summary every week to help you remember the information. When it's time to study for your tests, you'll find you've created an invaluable guide.
A．Read the titles and subtitles.
B．Then write down your answer.
C．First ask a question for the next section.
D．Write a brief summary of the chapter or assignment.
E．The written questions and answers will help you study in the future.
F．Ask what, why, how, when, who and where as they relate to the content.
G．These features can communicate an idea more powerfully than written text.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了五步读书法，即：浏览、提问、阅读、复述、复习。
1．解析：选A 根据本空前的内容可知，浏览的时候要特别注意文章中的突出部分。根据常识我们知道，“标题和副标题”在字体及字号等方面往往不同于正文，比较显眼。
2．解析：选F F项中的Ask符合五步读书法中的“提问”。
3．解析：选G 本空前提示读者在阅读时要注意图表信息，因为“这些吸引人眼球的内容比文字更能有力地传达信息”。
4．解析：选B 根据“复习”部分提到的notes可知，在复述时，不仅要解答之前提问的问题，还要“把答案写下来”，并要提供支持该答案的例证。
5．解析：选D 根据常识及下段中的summary可知，在复习的时候要“写一个简单的总结”。
Ⅱ.完形填空
I had an opportunity to see something special when I was visiting a friend. Now, my friend 1 on a small farm. It is far from the street lights and business lights of the 2 .When darkness fell he 3 me to his backyard where we 4 and stared at the stars. The street lamps where I live block out all but a few 5 ones, but here it was like the whole 6 was alive with light.
It was so wonderful to 7 .I had forgotten how beautiful the night sky could be. Instead of being 8 ，it was blue and millions of stars seemed to twinkle (闪烁) with happiness. I could see why our ancient ancestors spent lifetimes 9 them, recording them and cherishing (珍爱) them. 10 it was still the middle of winter, I felt the 11 around me. Seeing this great creation of the universe was like being 12 in a blanket of love. It was so perfectly peaceful. Having all the lights of the night sky shining above me, I could see my own 13 light shining bright as well. I wanted to live 14 , love well, and shine bright. I wanted to fill my life with love and then 15 it with the world. I wanted to spend all of my days and nights 16 the hearts and souls of others.
I wish everyone could live off the beaten path so that each night they could 17 and watch the stars.Too 18 we let the artificial lights in this world distract (使分心) us from the light of the stars, the light of our 19 ，and the love in our hearts.
May you always keep your 20 towards the sky.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者生活在城市，一次去农村在晚上看到了星星，这使他想到了一些人生哲理。
1．A.rests B．studies
C．calls D．lives
解析：选D 根据上文中的visiting可知，“我”去拜访一位朋友，他现在住在一个小农场里。
2．A.cameras B．camps
C．cities D．forests
解析：选C 从本空前的“street lights and business lights”推断，这个小农场远离了城市的路灯和霓虹灯。
3．A.led B．expected
C．drove D．forced
解析：选A 在晚上，朋友领着“我”去了他的后院。
4．A.ate B．sat
C．read D．argued
解析：选B 与本空后的“stared at”构成并列。我们坐在后院，抬头看天上的繁星。
5．A.brightest B．nearest
C．biggest D．highest
解析：选A 根据本空前的“street lamps”判断，在“我”居住的地方，路灯遮住了星光，所以除了几颗最明亮的星星之外，我们什么也看不到。
6．A.backyard B．sky
C．ground D．earth
解析：选B 在这里，星星却使整个夜空充满活力。下文中的“the night sky”有提示。
7．A.learn B．work
C．see D．think
解析：选C 此处是指上文“我”在这里看到的夜空。
8．A.black B．empty
C．clear D．cloudy
解析：选A 根据上句中“night sky”可知，尽管是夜空，但是天空并不是漆黑一片，而是呈现出蓝色，群星闪烁。
9．A.following B．catching
C．showing D．watching
解析：选D 与本空后的recording和cherishing构成并列。此时，“我”可以想象我们的祖先穷尽一生去观察(watching)星星，并记录它们，珍惜它们。
10．A.Unless B．Because
C．Though D．Since
解析：选C 根据下文“a blanket of love”判断，尽管现在是寒冬，但是“我”感到了周围的温暖。
11．A.peace B．challenge
C．sound D．warmth
解析：选D 参见上题解析。
12．A.wrapped B．stuck
C．controlled D．trapped
解析：选A 根据本空后的blanket可知，看着这浩瀚宇宙的杰作，“我”觉得自己被一床爱的毯子包裹。
13．A.colored B．inner
C．cold D．early
解析：选B 根据本空前night sky及下文hearts可知，头顶上有这么多的星星在闪烁，“我”觉得自己内心的光也在闪烁。
14．A.long B．fast
C．soon D．close
解析：选A 与本空后的well和bright呼应。“我”想活得长久一些，过好每一天，用自己的光去照亮别人。
15．A.divide B．mix
C．share D．discuss
解析：选C 根据本空前的love可知，“我”想让自己的生活充满爱，并与别人分享。
16．A.filling B．breaking
C．admiring D．brightening
解析：选D “我”想日日夜夜用自己的光芒去照亮别人的心灵和灵魂。
17．A.speed up B．get off
C．go out D．pass by
解析：选C 根据本空前后的each night和watch得出，“我”希望每个人晚上都能走出家门去看繁星。
18．A.eagerly B．carefully
C．far D．often
解析：选D 从上句“我”的愿望可知，人工的灯光常常遮盖了天上的星光。
19．A.friends B．souls
C．rooms D．candles
解析：选B 从本空后的hearts可知，物欲横流的世界让我们忽略了夜空的星星，失去了心灵的光芒和心中的爱。上文也有提示。
20．A.nose B．eyes
C．mouth D．feet
解析：选B 根据本空后的sky可知，愿你能永远保持双眼仰望天空。
1．stand for 代表
2．technique n．技巧
3．strategy n．策略
4．chapter n．章
5．assigned adj.指定的
课件11张PPT。Section Ⅱ Learning about Language & Using Language基 础 巩 固能 力 提 升基 础 巩 固destroyed event disasters extreme burst was trapped shocking shocked Burying ruins were injured had bought to rescue at are is away millions→million has→have high→highly the→a 第一个out→into或laughter→laughing 能 力 提 升点 击 进 入Unit 4 Section Ⅲ Grammar
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Having lived in California until 1970, my family has felt a number of earthquakes. We have been fortunate, however, to have suffered no bodily harm or property damage.
There is a website that lists all California earthquakes recorded from 1769 to the present. The site lists the dates and times as well as the magnitude (震级) and the exact location of any quake that measured more than 6.0. There are only a few quakes that stand out in my memory and, luckily, none is shown in the website. So, my personal experience with earthquakes might be considered insignificant.
There are three earthquakes that are difficult to forget. The first one was in 1955 and our oldest daughter was walking with me in our backyard in Redwood City in California. As the shaking became stronger I held her to me with one arm as I held on to one of our fruit trees with the other. All three of us (my daughter, I and the tree) shook for two or three minutes that to us felt like hours.
The second one was in 1963. Our entire family was visiting Disneyland in Southern California. The earth started to shake just as we were beginning to walk from our hotel toward the famous landmark.
My third experience with an earthquake was a lonely one in California. It was in my sixties and I was alone in an old church. As the building started to shake, I quickly headed for the door to go outside. I remember I said a little prayer— something like, “Help me get out of here in time, Dear Heavenly Father.” Minutes later, I was safe outside.
【语篇解读】 本文为记叙文。作者回忆了自己经历的三次地震。
1．The author writes the passage mainly to tell us about _____________.
A．a new film about an earthquake
B．how to survive an earthquake
C．his three earthquake experiences
D．how to save children in an earthquake
解析：选C 写作意图题。作者主要是向读者介绍了自己经历的三次地震。
2．The earthquakes the author has experienced _____________.
A．all caused bodily harm
B．are all recorded in a website
C．all measured more than 6.0
D．all happened in California
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第三段的“The first one was in 1955...in California.”和第四段第二句以及第五段的“My third experience with an earthquake was a lonely one in California.”可知答案。
3．When the first earthquake happened, the author _____________.
A．was staying with his daughter
B．was planting fruit trees
C．held on to a tree for hours
D．was in a hotel
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第三段的“All three of us (my daughter, I and the tree) shook for two or three minutes”可知作者和他的女儿共同经历了这场地震。
4．What does the underlined part “the famous landmark” refer to?
A．A church.
B．Disneyland.
C．A building destroyed by an earthquake.
D．The place where the author was born.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据“Our entire family was visiting Disneyland”可知答案。
B
Are you at least 17 years old? Do you weigh more than 110 pounds? Do you consider yourself fairly healthy?
If you answered yes to all of these questions, you should be donating (捐赠) blood every two months. In my survey of my schoolmates, I found that only 50 percent of them have ever donated blood and that only 1 out of 13 of them donate regularly. The lack (缺少) of blood donors is a serious problem that requires immediate action.
According to the American Red Cross Web pages, in the United States alone someone receives a blood transfusion (输血) once every three seconds. People who benefit from donations include cancer patients as well as babies. The need for blood never takes a vacation and neither should donors.
Let me tell you about Brooke, a three-year-old girl with cancer. Brooke has spent about half of her life in the hospital receiving treatments. Her treatment will require about 500 units of blood in total, of which only 250 units have been replaced. She still needs the other half of the total amount to continue her treatment. If she doesn't receive this blood, she will not live to start kindergarten.
Examples like Brooke's are becoming all too common these days, with only 1 in 20 Americans donating blood and this number keeps dropping each year. These facts are extremely worrying considering that nearly half of us here will need blood sometime in our lives.
You can now see the seriousness of the problem with the lack of blood donations. Fortunately, it is a problem that can be easily solved. Each and every one of you can be part of the solution. All you have to do is go to the nearest Red Cross and donate your blood.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文。作者在文中论述了义务献血的紧迫性。
5．How does the author explain the problem mentioned in Paragraph 2?
A．By answering questions.
B．By making comparisons.
C．By presenting research findings.
D．By describing his own experiences.
解析：选C 写作手法题。根据第二段中的“In my survey of my schoolmates, I found that ...”可知，作者在第二段主要是通过陈述自己的研究发现来解释说明献血者少这一问题。
6．What can we learn from the American Red Cross Web pages?
A．The suffering of patients.
B．The strong need for blood.
C．The efforts of the Red Cross.
D．The benefits of taking vacations.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“in the United States alone someone receives a blood transfusion (输血) once every three seconds”和“The need for blood never takes a vacation”不难看出市场对血液的强烈需求。
7．The three-year-old girl Brooke _____________.
A．doesn't get fair treatment in the hospital
B．will need another 250 units of blood
C．stays alive by receiving blood daily
D．can't wait to start kindergarten
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Her treatment will require about 500 units of blood in total, of which only 250 units have been replaced. She still needs the other half of the total amount to continue her treatment.”可知，Brooke还需要250单位的血液。
8．What is the purpose of the text?
A．To persuade people to donate blood.
B．To present some new medical results.
C．To call on people to save a little girl.
D．To explain the risks of blood donation.
解析：选A 写作目的题。通读全文可知，本文的目的是劝说人们义务献血。
Ⅱ.短文改错
Dear Jim,
I am so exciting that you will come to China. I will free from December 18 and will have a plenty of time to be together with you. I'll meet you at the airport and then you will take No.8 Bus for my home. You worry about the weather here in your email. In fact, the weather here is quite different from it in your city. It isn't very cold, but you needn't bring many clothes with you. During your stay here, I'll take you to some places of interests and you can taste some local snacks. I am sure we will have greatly fun together.
I'm looking forward to meeting you soon.
Yours,
John
答案：
Dear Jim，
I am so that you will come to China. I will free from December 18 and will have plenty of time to be together with you. I'll meet you at the airport and then will take No.8 Bus my home. You about the weather here in your email. In fact, the weather here is quite different from in your city. It isn't very cold, you needn't bring many clothes with you. During your stay here, I'll take you to some places of and you can taste some local snacks.I am sure we will have fun together.
I'm looking forward to meeting you soon.
Yours，
John
1．property n．财产
2．location n．位置
3．stand out 显眼；突出
4．insignificant adj.无关紧要的
5．head for 朝着……前进
As the shaking became stronger I held her to me with one arm as I held on to one of our fruit trees with the other.
[分析] 这是一个复合句。句中两个as引导时间状语从句。
[翻译] 随着晃动变得越来越强烈时，我用一只手把她搂在怀中，用另外一只手抓住一颗水果树。
课件10张PPT。Section Ⅲ Grammar基 础 巩 固能 力 提 升基 础 巩 固that /which which /that that who/that who/that that whose that who that 能 力 提 升点 击 进 入课件21张PPT。Section Ⅳ 单元知识巩固重 点 单 词重 点 短 语重 点 句 型话 题 写 作重 点 单 词into out 闯进；突然破门而入 一阵大笑/一阵喝彩声/一阵发怒
ruinsinto使某人的希望破灭自我毁灭援救某人fromininto in oneself从……来判断……据我判断；我认为judging重 点 短 语
在……末端到……为止(用于完成时)最后；终于……的数量重 点 句 型It seemed as if 话 题 写 作
