(共63张PPT)
Unit 2 The environment
内容索引
核心素养测评
Step 1 以高考为导向·印证教材基础
Step 2 以核心为根本·探究课堂重点
Step 3 以检测为载体·提升语基能力
Step 4 以话题为主线·锤炼素养技能
【知识主线串记】
短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点, 请按要求补全短文, 并背诵体会黑
体部分用法。
Recently, we had a heated debate 1. ____the massive usage of robots in
industry. It is reported that the number of robots used in industry is five times
2. _____(many) than ten years ago. Large 3. _________(quantity) of robots,
which are easy 4. _________(operate), will be put in use in the near future.
Robots can help cut back 5. ___cost, and 6. ___________(particular), improve
over
more
quantities
to operate
on
particularly
the production. Some believe that the more robots are used, the 7. ______(good)
it is for our development. But I hold the 8. _____(believe) that it may cause
high unemployment. Our government should take the 9. ____________
(responsible) to take effective measures to help those workers losing their jobs. ?
I would appreciate 10. __if you could give us your opinions. Looking
forward to your reply.
better
belief
responsibility
it
Part 1 考纲高频单词
1. debate n. & vi. 辩论; 争论, 讨论
【文化金句】 Education is the current focus of public debate. 教育是目前大众谈论的焦点。
【语块必记】
under debate 正在讨论中
a debate on/over/about sth. 关于……的辩论
debate with sb. about sth. 和某人就某事辩论
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①The debate _____food safety has engaged the whole nation.
②By the time the meeting ended, they ________________(debate) for several
hours without reaching a conclusion. ?
③No one can say for sure what effects it might have on us and our generations
to come, for _________________________. 没人能确切地说它会对我们及后代
有什么影响, 因为关于它仍有很多争议。?
about
had been debating
there is much debate about it
2. operate vt. &vi. (operated; operated; operating)经营; 动手术
【写作金句】 The patient was in great danger, so the doctors decided to operate on him immediately.
这位病人非常危险, 所以医生们决定立刻对他实施手术。
【语块必记】
(1)operate on sb. (for. . . ) (因某病)给某人动手术
(2)operation n. 运转, 运行, 操作
come/go into operation 生效, 实行
be in operation 运转中, 实施中
put sth. into operation 实施/实行……
(3)operator n. 操作员; 接线员
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①He ____________(operate) on to reduce the swelling in his brain. ?
②The Education Business Partnership has been __ operation since 1989.
③The man wasn’t satisfied with his job as an ________(operate) and wanted to
find another job.
was operated
in
operator
完成句子
④He began to write down the questions he needed to answer in order to ______
_________________. ?
为了实施他的计划, 他开始写需要回答的问题。
⑤We expect the new system for assessing claims to _________________early
next year. ?
我们预计明年初施行核定索赔的新方案。
put his
plan into operation
come into operation
3. measure n. 措施, 方法; 尺度 vt. (measured; measured; measuring)测量; 估量, 判定
【写作金句】 Emergency measures should be taken to protect the environment.
亟需采取紧急措施保护环境。
【语块必记】
(1)take measures to do sth. 采取措施做某事
(2)measure. . . by. . . 用……来衡量……
measure sb. for. . . 为某人量尺寸
【误区释疑】
(1)measure作名词表示“措施”时, 常在短语中用复数形式。
(2)measure表示“某物有多长(宽、高)”时, 为不及物动词, 其后接表示事物长(宽、高)的度量名词, 不用于被动语态和进行时态; 如果表示此意义的短语用作后置定语或状语等成分时, 要用v. -ing形式。
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①What further ________(measure) can we take to avoid terrorism?
②Education shouldn’t ___________(measure) purely by examination results. ?
③There is a tree in the backyard __________(measure) 30 feet in height.
语境填空
④Much to my sadness, I have to wear the coats made _________________(按我
自己的尺寸) because I’m getting fatter nowadays. Although I know beauty
shouldn’t be ___________(以……来衡量) a good shape, it’s time for me to ____
_____________________(采取措施减肥). 世纪金榜导学号?
measures
be measured
measuring
to my own measure
measured by
take
measures to lose weight
4. range n. 范围; 一系列; 山脉
vi. (在一定范围内)变化; 包括; 排列, 排序
【写作金句】 The national park has a large collection of wildlife, ranging from butterflies to elephants.
国家公园拥有大量野生生物, 从蝴蝶到大象不等。
【语块必记】
(1)in/within range of 在……范围内
out of range of 超出……的范围
a range of 一系列的
beyond one’s range 超出了……的范围
(2)range from. . . to. . . 从……到……变化
range between. . . and. . . 在……范围内变动
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①There are many activities _______(range) from couplet appreciation to
competitions of composing couplets.
②Accommodation ranges from tourist class __luxury hotels.
完成句子
③She has had a number of different jobs, _______________________. Her
salary ______________________________. ?
她已经从事过许多不同的工作, 从护士到厨师。工资在2 000美元到5 000美元
之间。
ranging
to
ranging from nurse to chef
ranges between $2, 000 and $5, 000
5. appreciate vt. (appreciated, appreciated, appreciating)欣赏, 赞赏; 感谢; 领会
【文化金句】 I would appreciate it if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will be coming.
如能提前告知能否前来, 我将不胜感激。
【语块必记】
(1)appreciate (one’s) doing sth. 感激(某人)做某事
I would appreciate it if. . . 如果……, 我会感激不尽
(2)appreciation n. 欣赏, 感激, 理解
【误区释疑】
appreciate表示“感激”时, 后面跟动词-ing形式作宾语, 后面的宾语一般是事情或用it作形式宾语, 后不跟sb. 作宾语。如果表示“感激某人”则用thank sb. 。
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①I don’t appreciate ____________(treat) like a second-class citizen. ?
②He took them to a restaurant to show his ___________(appreciate) for letting
him stay.
③______________________the effort to come. ?
你能拨冗前来, 我深表感激。
④如果您能考虑我的申请, 我将不胜感激。(一句多译)
I’d ___________if you could take my application into consideration. ?
=I’d ____________________my application into consideration. ?
being treated
appreciation
I appreciate your making
appreciate it
appreciate your taking
6. absorb vt. (absorbed; absorbed)吸收; 理解; 使全神贯注
【文化金句】 Newton was so absorbed in his experiment that seeing the bones on the table, he thought he had eaten the roast chicken.
因为专注于实验, 看到桌子上的骨头, 牛顿以为他已经把烤鸡吃掉了。
【语块必记】
(1)absorb oneself in. . . 全神贯注于
absorb/attract/draw one’s attention 吸引某人的注意
(2)absorbed adj. 全神贯注的
(be) absorbed in. . . 全神贯注于……
(3)(同义词) concentrate on, focus on, be buried in, fix on, be lost in
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①What impressed me most was the time when we _____________(absorb) in
preparing for the college entrance examination. ?
②Simon _________________his book that he didn’t even notice me come in. ?
西蒙读书太入神了, 我进来他都没有注意到。
③句式升级(用分词作状语改写句子)
As they were absorbed in every move of mine, the foreign students were once
again amazed by this unique culture.
→____________________________, the foreign students were once again
amazed by this unique culture. ?
were absorbed
was so absorbed in
Absorbed in every move of mine
Part 2 重点短语句式
7. run out (of) 用完, 耗尽
【文化金句】 We should make constant efforts in developing clean energy, because the fossil fuels will run out one day. 我们应该不断努力发展清洁能源, 因为化石燃料总有一天会用完的。
【语块必记】
不一样的“用完, 耗尽”
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①If your car runs out __ gas in a remote area, you may get into trouble.
②With our strength _______(run) out, we will be tired out soon.
语段填空
③According to the rule of the competition, we had to finish all the items before
the time __________________(用完). However, it was a long and tiring process.
As a result, that day, long before I ________________(用完) the time given by
the judge, my strength had ________(耗尽). What a disappointment! ?
of
running
ran out/was used up
ran out of/used up
given out
8. I liked it when you told that joke. ?
我喜欢你讲那个笑话。
【写作金句】 I like it when someone is more interested in other people than he is in himself.
我觉得一个人应该关心他人比关心自己更多。
【句型公式】
(1)I like it when/if 我喜欢……
I dislike/hate it if/when. . . 我不喜欢……
I’d appreciate it if. . . 如果……我将非常感激
(2)一些动词短语后面常用it作形式宾语, 然后加真正的宾语从句, 常见的动词短语有: depend on, rely on, see to (确保)等。
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①I hate __ when the pet-owners do not care about whether their pets are
polluting the environment or affecting others’ lives.
②I like it _____ people mind their manners in the public places.
句式升级
③ If you could lend me a hand to get over nervousness, I would be very
grateful. (用it作形式宾语提升句子)
→I _________________if you could lend me a hand to get over nervousness. ?
it
when
would appreciate it
9. Therefore, the more petrol and electricity we consume, the more carbon we are letting off. ?
因此, 我们消耗的汽油和电越多, 我们排放的碳就越多。
【写作金句】 The less the teacher does, the more the students do and the more they will learn.
老师做得越少, 学生做得越多, 他们学到的就越多。
【句型公式】
“the+比较级. . . , the+比较级. . . ”句型用法如下:
(1)意为“越……就越……”, 主、从句的两个谓语是同时进行的, 表示一方随另一方程度的变化而变化。
(2)从结构上看, 第一个“the+比较级”是表示条件的状语从句, 在表示将来意义的情况下, 从句用一般现在时表示将来; 第二个“the+比较级”是主句, 常用一般将来时。
(3)本结构可以用省略形式。
【语境速测】 完成句子
①_________stress you are under, ________likely you are to catch a cold. 压力
越大, 越有可能患感冒。?
②_________he insisted he was innocent, _______they seemed to believe him. ?
他越是坚持自己是无辜的, 他们似乎就越不相信他。
③The more learned a man is, the more modest he will usually be. (句型转换)
世纪金榜导学号
→__________________________________________________(改为条件句)?
→________________________________(改为省略句)?
The more
the more
The more
the less
If a man is more learned, he will usually be more modest.
The more learned, the more modest.
【备选要点】
1. cut back on 减少, 削减, 缩减
【文化金句】 The Premier said the government will tighten its belt and cut back on its general expenditures this year.
总理说政府今年将勒紧裤腰带, 削减一般开支。
【语块必记】
【语境速测】 用恰当的介/副词填空
①Our school has announced that we will cut back ___the number of students by
10% next year.
②If this bill is not paid within five days, your gas supply will be cut ___.
③The department has overspent this year and we will have to cut _____our
expenses.
on
off
down
语段填空
④He _____(插话), “We shouldn’t ________(砍倒) the tree because it’ll give us
shade in the summer. What we need to do now is ___________(剪掉) the
branches from the trunk. ” We accepted his advice and ___________(砍掉) all
the dead branches. Then we _________(抄近路穿过) the field and went home. ?
cut in
cut down
cut off/away
cut off/away
cut across
2. responsibility n. 责任, 职责
【写作金句】 As for me, I am so confident that I think I can take the responsibility to be a volunteer for this event. 至于我, 我很自信, 我认为我可以在这一活动中担负起一名志愿者的责任。
【语块必记】
(1)have(the/a)responsibility to do. . . 有责任/有义务做……
bear/take the responsibility for 对……负责
a sense of responsibility 责任感
(2)responsible adj. 有责任的, 应负责任的
be responsible for 对……负责
【知识拓展】 “对……负责”之多种表达
bear/take the responsibility for, be responsible for, be to blame
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①Jenny, you have responsibility ________(collect) up the books after the
class. ?
②He has no sense of ____________(responsible).
完成句子
③No one wants to _________________________________. ?
没有人想对这个问题负责。
to collect
responsibility
take the responsibility for the problem
3. belief n. 看法; 信念
【写作金句】 If you don’t believe in your own power to make your wish come true, your wish will fly away.
如果你不相信自己有能力实现你的愿望, 你的愿望就会不翼而飞。
【语块必记】
(1)beyond belief 难以置信
have/hold the belief that. . . 相信……, 有……的信念
(2)believe vt. &vi. 相信; 认为
believe in 信任, 相信
It is believed that 人们相信……
believe it or not 信不信由你
【语境速测】 完成句子
①________________improvement in health care will lead to a stronger, more
prosperous economy. ?
我们相信, 改善医疗保健将导致一个更强大、更繁荣的经济。
②_______________forest bathing can strengthen the immune system. 据信森林
沐浴可以增强免疫系统。?
单句语法填空
③Believe it or not, the president doesn’t believe __ any religion.
It is our belief that
It is believed that
in
4. quantity n. 数量
【语块必记】
a large (good)/small quantity of 大/少量的
large quantities of 大量的, 许多的
in quantity/in large quantities=in large amounts 大量地
in quantity and quality 在数量和质量上
【误区释疑】
large quantities of 接名词(可数名词复数或不可数名词)作主语时, 谓语动词一般用复数。
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①Although the Internet provides us with large _________(quantity) of
information, we should be careful while using it.
②To secure a blue sky, large quantities of chemical factories _______________
(close) so far. ?
③A quantity of food ____(be)on the table.
quantities
have been closed
was
5. conflict vi. 冲突, 抵触 n. 冲突; 矛盾
【写作金句】 To avoid such conflicts, we should be friendly to one another, which is important for a harmonious life.
为避免这样的冲突, 我们应该对彼此友好, 这对于一个和谐的生活很重要。
【语块必记】
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①It was an unpopular policy and caused a number of ________(conflict) within
the party.
②If the two sides conflict ____each other again, it will be disastrous for party
unity.
③新的研究结果似乎和已有的理论相抵触。(一句多译)
The results of the new research would __________________existing theories. ?
=The results of the new research would _______________________existing
theories. ?
conflicts
with
seem to conflict with
seem to be in conflict with
6. under way 进行中
【写作金句】 Plans are well under way for a new shopping centre.
新购物中心的计划正在进行中。
【语块必记】
【熟词生义】 读句子悟含义
They have got two kids and one on the way. ( )
尚未出生
【语境速测】 完成句子
①This table is too close to the door; it gets _________. ?
这桌子放在门口太碍事了。
②She added that she had _________intended to offend anybody. ?
她补充说道, 她绝不是故意要冒犯任何人。
in the way
in no way
语境填空
③___________________, we are bound to face all kinds of difficulties but _____
____should we lose heart. ?
在成功的路上, 我们一定会遇到各种各样的困难, 但我们决不能失去信心。
On the way to success
in no
way
7. consume vt. 消耗, 耗费; 消费
【写作金句】 What’s worse, learning outside a school environment can consume a lot of mom’s or dad’s time.
更糟糕的是, 在校外环境中学习会耗费父母大量的时间。
【语块必记】
(1)be consumed with 充满(强烈的感情); 被……吞噬
(2)consumer n. 消费者
consumption n. 消费, 消耗
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①He _________(consume) huge amounts of bread with every meal.
②As a nation, our ____________(consume) of junk food is horrifying.
③Agricultural companies have failed to convince __________(consume) that
GM foods are safe.
完成句子
④The boy _________________curiosity about how much food ___________by
the world every day. ?
这个男孩对世界上每天消耗多少食物充满好奇。
consumes
consumption
consumers
was consumed with
is consumed
8. particular adj. 专指的, 特指的; 特别的; 讲究的, 挑剔的
【文化金句】 There were many famous poets in the Tang Dynasty, in particular, Li Bai and Du Fu.
唐朝有很多著名诗人, 尤其是李白和杜甫。
【语块必记】
(1)be particular about 对……讲究/挑剔
in particular 尤其, 特别
be particular to. . . 对……是特有的
(2)particularly adv. 尤其, 特别
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①What __particular did you like about the last apartment that we saw?
②She’s very particular _____what she eats.
③这家餐馆尤其受到年轻人的欢迎。(一句多译)
The restaurant ________________________young people. ?
=The restaurant _________________________young people. ?
in
about
is particularly popular with
is in particular popular with
核心素养测评十四 Unit 2 The environment
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
Coca-Cola, which reportedly produced more than 3 million tons of plastic packaging in 2017, announced Thursday it wants to “help fix the world’s plastic waste problem one community (社区) at a time”.
The soda giant is doing so by providing $ 5. 4 million for recycling programs in cities like Atlanta, Boston, Denver and Houston. In these cities, partners, like The Green Blue Institute and The Recycling Partnership, which receive the money, will work together to improve recycling rates.
“We focus on areas where we have the ability to make the biggest influence on communities through the funding and expert skills of Coca-Cola employees, ” Carlos Pagoagoa, Coca-Cola’s group director of community partnerships, said in a statement. “In each city, local partners will work together to identify barriers to recycling on a local level and test a range of solutions, ” he added. “We hope the learnings from these ’model markets’ can offer solutions to other cities facing similar challenges. ”
As part of the effort, The Recycling Partnership and the city of Atlanta, where the cola company’s headquarters are based, will send street teams out to open recycling carts and leave citizens cards informing them what they can and can’t recycle, and let them know how their efforts work.
“Two of the most urgent problems with recycling in the U. S. today are lack of access, followed by pollution in recycling, ” Keefe Harrison, CEO of The Recycling Partnership, said in a statement. “We know from the success of Atlanta in 2017 that the citizens want to recycle, and that communicating with them in the street works. ”
Last year, Coca-Cola announced its task to collect and reuse a bottle or can for each one it sells, and increase the amount of its products out of recycled materials to 50% by 2030. The brand also aims to make all its packaging fully recyclable by 2025.
【文章大意】本文是一篇环保类短文阅读。文章主要讲述可口可乐公司将提高产品包装材料的回收率, 直至其所有包装完全可回收。
1. What does Coca-Cola company intend to do in the program?
A. Produce less packaging.
B. Help deal with plastic waste.
C. Pick up waste in communities.
D. Build a plant to recycle plastic waste.
【解析】选B。 细节理解题。根据文章第一段可知, 可口可乐公司宣布, 计划帮助一个社区解决一次全球塑料垃圾问题。故选B。
2. What’s Paragraph 2 mainly about?
A. How Coca-Cola conducts its program.
B. What organizations participate in the program.
C. How Coca-Cola chooses cities for the program.
D. What the local people do in Coca-Cola’s program.
【解析】选A。 段落大意题。根据文章第二段可口可乐公司为亚特兰大、波士顿、丹佛和休斯顿等城市的回收项目提供资金, 并与合作伙伴共同努力来提高回收率, 从而可知, 本段主要讲述可口可乐是如何执行其计划的。故选A。
3. What do street teams do to help?
A. Sort out various waste in the city.
B. Look into the cause of pollution.
C. Instruct local people what to recycle.
D. Hand cards to the locals in person.
【解析】选C。 细节理解题。根据文章第四段As part of the effort, The Recycling Partnership and the city of Atlanta, where the cola company’s headquarters are based, will send street teams out to open recycling carts and leave citizens cards informing them what they can and can’t recycle, and let them know how their efforts work. 街头团队, 给市民留下卡片, 告诉他们什么可以回收, 什么不能回收, 可知, 街头团队指导当地居民如何回收利用。故选C。
4. What does Keefe Harrison think of the program?
A. Promising. B. Difficult.
C. Pioneering. D. Costly.
【解析】选A。 推理判断题。根据文章第五段“We know from the success of Atlanta in 2017 that the citizens want to recycle, and that communicating with them in the street works. ” 市民们想要回收垃圾, 在街上与他们交流是有效的, 可以推断出, Keefe Harrison认为此项目是有希望的。故选A。
【知识拓展】长难句分析
As part of the effort, The Recycling Partnership and the city of Atlanta, where the cola company’s headquarters are based, will send street teams out to open recycling carts and leave citizens cards informing them what they can and can’t recycle, and let them know how their efforts work.
分析: where引导定语从句, what引导宾语从句, how引导宾语从句。
翻译: 作为努力的一部分, 回收伙伴和可口可乐公司总部所在的亚特兰大市将派出街头团队, 打开回收车, 给市民留下卡片, 告诉他们什么可以回收, 什么不能回收, 并让他们知道自己的努力如何奏效。
B世纪金榜导学号
Chinese dishes are popular around the world now. But 100 years ago, few foreigners were lucky enough to have a taste of typical Chinese food. Chop suey(炒杂碎) is among those dishes that were famous in western society then. The origin of this Chinese-American dish is a bit of a mystery. Legend has it that, while he was visiting New York City, Chinese ambassador Li Hung Chang’s cooks invented the dish for his American guests at a dinner on August 29, 1896. But is this legend true? ?
Whether or not the tale is entirely true, Li Hung Chang definitely influenced the creation of chop suey. When Li visited the U. S. in August 1896, cheering Americans lined the streets hoping to catch a glimpse of this important visitor and his famous yellow jacket, because of which many mistaken him as the emperor of China because they heard yellow was a special color reserved for royalties. As the guest of honor, Li seldom tried American food and champagne that was offered to him and ate only meals specially prepared by his personal cooks. In reality, chop suey was probably not invented by Li Hung Chang’s cooks, but America’s fascination with this royal visitor from Asia and his team of personal cooks gave rise to new interest in Chinese cooking.
After 1896, Americans began to visit Chinese restaurants in large numbers for the first time. Chop suey set out to sweep big cities such as New York and San Francisco. Questioning the origins of the chop suey story, scholars believe restaurant owners used the popular ambassador’s name to inspire interest in a Chinese dish adapted for Americans by their own cooks. Newspaper owners used the same strategy to sell more papers. The New York Journal took advantage of Li Hung Chang’s popularity to claim in an advertising poster, “Li Hung Chang never misses Sunday Journal. ”
【文章大意】文章介绍了一道中式菜炒杂碎风靡美国, 以及这道菜怎么和李鸿章扯上关系的故事。
5. What does the underlined phrase “ a bit of a mystery” in Paragraph 1 mean?
A. Ignored. B. Discovered.
C. Unknown. D. Confirmed.
【解析】选C。词义猜测题。 文章第一段画线短语所在的句子和最后一句对炒杂碎的传说提出了怀疑, 因此这道菜的起源不得而知, 因此C项正确。
6. Why did Americans think Li Hung Chang was the emperor of China?
A. He had a personal cook.
B. He wore a yellow jacket.
C. He looked like the emperor.
D. He didn’t try American food.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。文章第二段提及. . . his famous yellow jacket, because of which many mistaken him as the emperor of China, 因为李鸿章身着黄马褂, 所以被误认为是中国皇帝。因此B项正确。
7. According to the text, who are probably the inventors of chop suey?
A. The Chinese ambassador.
B. American restaurant cooks.
C. American restaurant owners.
D. Li Hung Chang’s personal cooks.
【解析】选B。 细节理解题。文章最后一段提及. . . a Chinese dish adapted for Americans by their own cooks, 美国餐厅的厨师们为美国的顾客们专门创造了一道菜, 可知B项正确。
8. What is the main idea of the text?
A. How chop suey became popular.
B. What Li Hung Chang ate in America.
C. Why Li Hung Chang visited New York.
D. How restaurants cooked the famous chop suey.
【解析】选A。主旨大意题。文章记录了中式菜炒杂碎怎样风靡美国, 因此A项正确。
Ⅱ. 阅读填句
(2020·黄山模拟)
Since the 1980s eco-tourism has grown and grown. It is the fastest growing type of tourism.
If done well, eco-tourism has several advantages. It is kinder to the environment. 1 This means that more natural habitats are protected and that the resources for building come from sustainable (可持续的) sources. Another advantage is that people in the developed world through eco-tourism get to experience places of great natural importance as well as communicating with local people. 2 ?
However, there are some disadvantages of eco-tourism. It is felt by some environmentalists that any human activity will cause disorder in the routine of animals. 3 ?
Another problem for local people is that they are expected to pose for cameras and dance etc. for money. 4 The tourists are destroying the culture that they are paying to protect. ?
Eco-tourism tries to go to the places far away from other communities. 5 There is nothing stopping people taking money from tourists as well as doing environmentally unfriendly activities. ?
It seems that the disadvantages often outweigh the advantages of eco-tourism. It might be better to take pictures of animals rather than kill animals, but given the choice the animals would sooner not have people around. It seems whether eco-tourism should be allowed or should be judged case-by-case, and that the local people must be considered.
A. These places are often not well policed.
B. People walking through the forest may do much harm.
C. And these activities will also damage the eco-system.
D. It seldom ends with people’s going people to untouched parts of the world.
E. This is good for both parties: they both can better understand each other.
F. And it encourages developers to consider the natural environment more.
G. It discourages the local people from pursuing their traditional life styles.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文, 介绍了生态旅游的优点和缺点。
1. 【解析】选F。 根据本空前的“If done well, eco-tourism has several advantages. It is kinder to the environment. ”可知, 生态旅游有很多好处, 比如, 它更环保, 此处说的是另一个好处, 故F项(它鼓励开发者更多地考虑自然环境)符合语境。
2. 【解析】选E。 根据本空前的“people in the developed world through eco-tourism get to experience places of great natural importance as well as communicating with local people. ”可知, 通过生态旅游, 发达国家的人们可以去极具自然价值的地方体验, 也可与当地人交流, 此处是说与当地人交流的好处, 故E项(这对双方都有好处: 他们都能更好地理解对方)符合语境。
3. 【解析】选C。 根据本空前的“It is felt by some environmentalists that any human activity will cause disorder in the routine of animals. ”可知, 环保人士认为任何人类活动都会导致动物的日常生活紊乱, 此处承接上文, 讲的是人类活动的另一个负面影响, 故C项(这些活动也会破坏生态系统)符合语境。
4. 【解析】选G。 根据本空前的“Another problem for local people is that they are expected to pose for cameras and dance etc. for money. ”可知, 当地人的另一个问题是他们被要求站在镜头前摆好姿势、跳舞等赚钱, 此处说的是这个问题对当地人的生活的影响, 故G项(它阻碍了当地人追求他们传统的生活方式)符合语境。
5. 【解析】选A。 根据本空前的“Eco-tourism tries to go to the places far away from other communities. ”可知, 生态旅游试图去那些远离其他社区的地方, 此处承接上文, 讲的是这些地方的情况, 故A项(这些地方往往治安不佳)符合语境。
Ⅲ. 语法填空
阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入1个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Amazon fires finally 1. (start)to get the attention of the world recently. The 2. (lose) of trees and the sun—blotting smoke are obvious 3. (consequence) of these massive fires. Another problem is a large amount of carbon monoxide which most people are familiar with because it can be harmful 4. humans. If 5. (expose) to it for even a short period of time, carbon monoxide can quickly replace oxygen in the blood, 6. can cause serious or even fatal outcomes. The gas is odorless, colorless, and tasteless so it is 7. (particular) dangerous. The image above 8. (capture) by an instrument called the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) aboard the Aqua satellite. In the animation, 9. is clear that the plume of carbon monoxide starts in the region of burning fires 10. then drifts southeast ward into Brazil and other parts of the continent.
【文章大意】文章主要介绍了亚马逊大火释放出大量对人体有害的一氧化碳。
1. 【解析】have started。考查动词的时态。根据状语recently, 应用现在完成时。故填have started。
2. 【解析】loss。考查名词。冠词后应接名词作主语, 应使用动词lose的名词形式。故填loss。
3. 【解析】consequences。考查名词复数。consequence为可数名词, 根据谓语are, 应用复数形式。故填consequences。
4. 【解析】to。考查介词。be harmful to意为“对……有害”, 是固定搭配故填介词to。
5. 【解析】exposed。考查状语从句的省略。分析句子结构可知, if引导的条件状语从句为省略句式, 即从句主语和主句主语一致, 从句谓语中有be动词的某种形式。其完整的从句为If carbon monoxide is. . . , 由此可知主语carbon monoxide与动词expose之间是动宾关系, 故填过去分词exposed。
6. 【解析】which。考查非限制性定语从句, 此处关系代词在从句中作主语, 代指前面的句子, 故填which。
7. 【解析】particularly。考查副词。根据副词修饰形容词dangerous可知。故填particularly。
8. 【解析】was captured。考查动词的时态和语态。句意: 上图就是Aqua卫星上的大气红外探测器(AIRS)捕捉到的画面。可知动作发生在过去, 并与主语image为动宾关系。故填was captured。
9. 【解析】it。此处it作形式主语, 真正的主语是后面的that引导的主语从句。
10. 【解析】and。由starts, then drifts可知应用and连接并列谓语。
【知识拓展】佳词积累
1. massive adj. 巨大的
2. carbon monoxide 一氧化碳
3. fatal adj. 致命的
4. odorless adj. 无味的
5. image n. 图像; 形象
6. animation n. 动画
【阅读理解】
If you buy a washing machine, a fridge or a television in Europe, it comes with a sticker. Thanks to a 1992 EU rule, all appliances must be labelled (贴标签) with their energy efficiency. So why has our food system-which threatens 10, 000 species with extinction, produces about 30% of greenhouse gases, and drives 80% of our air pollution-only ever had voluntary eco-labels?
The appliances ruling had a huge impact; initially, 75% of fridges and freezers were rated G to D(low efficiency), but today 98% are classed A++ or A+++. Worldwide, the energy efficiency of labelled appliances has increased three times faster than appliances without labels. Introducing an equal system for food could have an even bigger impact.
Mandatory environmental labels would change how we produce and consume in far-reaching ways. First, producers would have to measure their impacts in a uniform way and be accountable for the results. This would not be expensive: it is free to monitor environmental impacts using digital tools such as Fieldprint and the Cool Farm Tool. Second, they support sustainable consumption. Our research found that products that look, taste and cost the same can have dramatically different environmental impacts. High-impact beef producers use 5, 7000% more land and create 1, 000% more greenhouse gases than low-impact producers. Labels would allow consumers to tell these products apart.
They would highlight both high-impact and low-impact producers, in the same way, across multiple products. This would encourage more people to think about their choices by exposing them to the facts every time they are in the shops. We can also use labels to turn smaller consumer changes into large environmental benefits: because a small number of producers create a large share of the impact, simply avoiding high-impact producers can make a huge contribution to pollution reductions.
【文章大意】本文是议论文。自欧盟出台家电强制环保规定以来, 家电的能耗逐年下降。作者认为也应在食品上加上强制环保标识, 以降低食品零售业的能耗。
1. Why does the author mention the appliances in Paragraph 1?
A. To applaud the 1992 EU rule.
B. To bring up the topic of labelling food.
C. To point out the pollution they caused.
D. To compare their energy consumption rates.
【解析】选B。推理判断题。第一段中作者预设了“在欧洲购买家电”的情景, 由此引出1992年欧盟出台的针对家电的强制环保标识, 随即设问“为何不在食品上也加上类似的环保标识”。由此可知, 作者在第一段中提到洗衣机、冰箱、电视机这些家电是为了引出“给食品加环保标识”的话题。故选B。
2. What do the figures in Paragraph 2 show?
A. The importance of saving energy.
B. The debate about eco-labelled appliances.
C. The effectiveness of the appliances ruling.
D. The problem caused by appliances of low efficiency.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第二段中的75% of fridges and freezers were rated G to D (low efficiency), but today 98% are classed A++ or A+++. Worldwide, the energy efficiency of labelled appliances has increased three times faster than appliances without labels. 可知, 作者在第二段中将未使用环保标识前家电的能耗与使用环保标识后家电的能耗作了对比, 用真实的数据证实了“环保标识”的有效性。故选C。
3. What does the underlined word “Mandatory” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A. Compulsory. B. Effective.
C. Different. D. Independent.
【解析】选A。词义猜测题。根据第一段中的all appliances must be labelled with their energy efficiency. So why has our food system. . . had voluntary eco-labels? 及第二段的末句Introducing an equal system for food could have an even bigger impact. 可知, 家电上的环保标识是强制性的, 作者在文中建议在食品上加上与家电上类似的环保标识, 由此可知, Mandatory意为“强制性的”。must be, voluntary及equal是解题的关键词。故选A。
4. What can be learned about eco-labels?
A. They will increase the profits of low-impact producers.
B. They can show producers’ environmental impacts.
C. They will guide consumers to buy healthier food.
D. They can expose consumers to more products.
【解析】选B。 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的They would highlight both high-impact and low-impact producers, in the same way, across multiple products. 可知, 环保标识能够将高能耗与低能耗的食品生产者区别开来。也就是说, 环保标识能指示食品生产者的能耗。故选B。
【知识拓展】佳词积累
1. efficiency n. 效能, 效率
2. extinction n. 灭绝, 消亡
3. drive vt. 驱动, 驱使
4. initially adv. 起初, 最初
5. monitor vt. 检查; 监视
6. sustainable adj. 可持续的
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
Environmental experts warn that our planet is drowning in plastic.
The world’s cities produce 2 billion tons of trash every year. By the year 2050 that number is expected to rise to 3 billion tons. The World Bank estimates that the largest amount of trash today, about 44 percent, is plastic. But we often have to buy packaged goods. And often that packaging is made of plastic.
Now, that may be changing. A new environmentally-friendly shopping model was recently launched at the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland. This shopping model, called Loop, aims to replace throw away containers with reusable ones.
Loop is the idea of Terra Cycle, an American-based recycling company. Its chief, Tom Szaky, told the Associated Press (AP) that “removing plastics from the ocean is not enough”. He said the point is to get away from single-use packages. Szaky said that Loop is the future of shopping. But it comes from an idea of the past.
He compared it to the “milkman model” of the 1950s in the United States. Back then, someone brought milk to your doorstep in glass bottles and then left with empty bottles. These could be cleaned and used again. The result is zero-waste.
Jennifer Morgan from the environmental non-profit organization Greenpeace also joined in the discussion about Loop in Davos. She said that “Greenpeace welcomes the aim of the Loop Alliance to move away from throwaway culture and disposability. ” But Morgan questioned whether companies worldwide are ready to change their business models.
Loop is set to launch later this year in three eastern U. S. states, and also in Paris, France and some of the surrounding area. Then Loop plans to expand to the U. S. West Coast, Toronto, Canada and Britain by the end of this year or 2020.
【文章大意】本文是一篇环境保护类短文阅读。文章主要介绍美国一家公司推出一种新的“零浪费”购物模式。
1. What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 2?
A. Provide background information.
B. Advocate zero-waste lifestyle.
C. Explain the reason for trash.
D. Introduce a new topic.
【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据文章第二段可知, 世界上的城市每年产生大量的垃圾, 并且其中最大的垃圾量是塑料, 结合下文可知, 作者写本段是为下文提出新的购物模式提供背景信息。故选A。
2. Where does the idea “Loop” come from?
A. The World Economic Forum.
B. Demand of some companies.
C. Zero-waste model.
D. The milkman model.
【解析】选D。 细节理解题。根据文章第四段Szaky said that Loop is the future of shopping. But it comes from an idea of the past. 和第五段He compared it to the “milkman model” of the 1950s in the United States. Back then, someone brought milk to your doorstep in glass bottles and then left with empty bottles. These could be cleaned and used again. The result is zero-waste. 可知, Loop购物模式的想法来自于过去“送奶工模式”, 是一种可以零浪费的模式。故选D。
3. Which countries is Loop expected to expand to by 2020?
A. United States and Switzerland.
B. Switzerland and Britain.
C. Canada and Britain.
D. France and Canada.
【解析】选C。 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段Loop is set to launch later this year in three eastern U. S. states, and also in Paris, France and some of the surrounding area. Then Loop plans to expand to the U. S. West Coast, Toronto, Canada and Britain by the end of this year or 2020. 可知, Loop计划在2020年将业务扩大到加拿大和英国。故选C。
4. What is the text mainly about?
A. A new shopping model.
B. The development of future city.
C. The world’s environmental issue.
D. The concerns of future shopping.
【解析】选A。 主旨大意题。根据文章第三段A new environmentally-friendly shopping model was recently launched at the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland. 及全文内容可知, 文章主要介绍美国一家公司推出一种新的“零浪费”购物模式。故选A。
【知识拓展】佳词积累
1. drown vt. 淹没
2. trash n. 垃圾
3. be expected to 预计……
4. remove from 移除
5. be set to 被设定
Ⅱ. 完形填空
I used to go to the gym a lot, so when I started to get pains in my neck, I just assumed I had pulled something. But when I couldn’t 1 my neck or look left, right, up or down, I went to the doctor and I was told that I had a rare type of cancer that 2 the throat. It was scary. At the time I was 3 twenty. ?
Having cancer and getting 4 influenced a lot of things. The side effects from my treatment were really bad. I couldn’t work, and I wasn’t able to go out with my friends. I would rather not go through it. 5 , the youth support volunteers encouraged me to keep going, which gave me the motivation to 6 treatment. Besides, my family was really there to support me, and it drew us closer. ?
During my treatment, I 7 new friends through Teenage Cancer Trust’s social events. They were 8 people who had been through cancer as well. The conversation between us 9 more easily as we had things in common. I inspired them to stay optimistic. ?
As I 10 working out, now I want to become a health coach to guide young people suffering from cancer. They often lose or gain a lot of weight, which can affect their 11 . So I can use my 12 to help them get back to fitness. I lost much weight and I’m trying to 13 it so I can be an inspiration for them. In a way, I see having cancer as a 14 thing. It was a test for me and I am now going down a better 15 . ?
【文章大意】作者经历了癌症后加入志愿者队伍, 帮助那些患癌症的年轻人恢复健康。
1. A. scratch B. hold C. lift D. pull
【解析】选C。此处指我不能抬起我的脖子, 不能上下左右地看。scratch抓, 擦; hold抓住; lift举起, 抬起; pull拉。
2. A. demanded B. injected
C. displayed D. affected
【解析】选D。我去看医生, 医生告诉我我患了一种罕见的癌症, 它影响我的喉咙。demand要求; inject注射; display展示; affect影响。
3. A. also B. still C. only D. even
【解析】选C。那时我只有20岁。also也; still仍然; only只有; even甚至。
4. A. experiment B. treatment
C. donation D. experience
【解析】选B。此处指患癌症和接受治疗影响了许多事情。根据下一句的treatment可以猜出答案。experiment实验; treatment治疗; donation捐赠; experience经历, 经验。
5. A. Actually B. Eventually
C. Fortunately D. Gradually
【解析】选C。此处指幸运的是, 青年支持志愿者们鼓励我坚持下去。actually实际上; eventually最后; fortunately幸运地; gradually逐渐地。
6. A. focus on B. carry on
C. take on D. depend on
【解析】选B。此处指(他们的鼓励)激励我继续治疗。focus on集中于; carry on继续; take on雇用, 呈现; depend on依靠。
7. A. shared B. exchanged
C. avoided D. made
【解析】选D。此处指我在治疗期间结交了新朋友。make friends交朋友。
8. A. lovely B. young C. mature D. smart
【解析】选B。根据前面一句中的Teenage Cancer Trust’s social events可知, 作者结交的朋友都是患过癌症的年轻人。lovely可爱的; young年轻的; mature成熟的; smart聪明的, 时髦的。
9. A. flowed B. hit
C. applied D. discussed
【解析】选A。因为我们有很多共同点所以我们的谈话很顺畅。flow流出, (谈话、文体等)流畅; hit打击; apply申请, 应用; discuss讨论。
10. A. admit B. imagine C. admire D. love
【解析】选D。此处指因为我热爱锻炼, 我想成为一个健身教练来指导患癌症的年轻人。admit承认; imagine想象; admire钦佩; love热爱。
11. A. delight B. process C. trouble D. health
【解析】选D。他们经常体重减少或者体重增加, 这都影响他们的健康。delight高兴; process过程; trouble麻烦; health健康。
12. A. grades B. qualification
C. impression D. problem
【解析】选B。此处指我能利用我的(健身教练的)资格帮助他们恢复健康。grade年级, 成绩; qualification资格, 合格证书; impression印象; problem问题。
13. A. recall B. return C. regain D. review
【解析】选C。我的体重减了很多, 我想再次增加体重。recall回忆; return回来, 归还; regain重新获得; review复习。
14. A. positive B. negative
C. depressed D. moved
【解析】选A。在某种程度上, 我把患癌症看作是一件好事。positive积极的, 正面的; negative消极的; depressed感到沮丧的; moved感动的。
15. A. role B. concern C. behavior D. path
【解析】选D。患癌症对我来说是一次考验, 我现在正沿着一条更好的路前行。role作用, 角色; concern关心; behavior行为; path小径, 路。
【知识拓展】佳词积累
1. pain n. 疼痛
2. neck n. 脖子
3. go through 经历
4. draw sb. close 把某人拉近
5. motivation n. 动力, 积极性
6. work out 锻炼
Ⅲ. 应用文写作
假定你是李华, 你的同班同学王刚的家乡遭受了台风“彩虹(Typhoon Mujigae)”袭击, 洪水毁坏了他的家园, 你作为班长代表班级给正在抗洪的他写一封慰问信, 要点如下:
1. 对该同学表示关心;
2. 向其提供一些帮助, 如捐助和补习;
3. 表达希望和对其重建家园的信心。
注意:
1. 词数80左右;
2. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯;
3. 开头已给出, 不计入总词数。
Dear Wang Gang,
We’re so sorry to hear that a severe Typhoon Mujigae hit your hometown, leaving your house in ruins. ?
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Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【参考范文】
Dear Wang Gang,
We’re so sorry to hear that a severe Typhoon Mujigae hit your hometown, leaving your house in ruins. On behalf of our class, I’m writing to express our most sincere pity and care for you.
Thinking about your present situation, we cannot wait to make every bit of our effort to help you. Therefore, we make a donation of some money, expecting that it can help you go through the difficulty. Besides, we will help you make up for the lessons you miss during your absence.
We are convinced that with the help of so many kind people, a better house can be rebuilt. Looking forward to your coming back soon.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
Ⅳ. 概要写作
(2020·杭州模拟)
阅读下面短文, 根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
High school exit tests are tests that students must pass to graduate from high school. In the last few years, however, a number of states in America have dropped them. Although some states still use them for diplomas, the number is down from a high of 27 states during the testing craze promoted by No Child Left Behind (NCLB).
The appearance of this phenomenon is small wonder. Researches clearly show that exit tests have little positive effects on students. A 2014 report found exit testing was associated with lower graduation rates, negatively affected labor market outcomes, and, most alarmingly, produced a 12. 5 percent increase in incarceration (监禁) rates. Exit exams, the study concluded, had tended to add little value for most students.
Exit testing relies on the following assumptions. One is that standardized testing can serve as a kind of “quality control” for high school graduates, guaranteeing that graduates are college ready. The other is that they have predicting value for future success in academic situations.
But there is little evidence. The tests don’t exactly measure what they pretend to measure. For example, qualities such as intelligence, academic ability, college readiness are not determined. Those that should be developed in all young people, like responsibility, critical thinking, and empathy (移情), are not measured, either. Even supporters of exit tests have acknowledged that they don’t offer reliable data.
Thus, more and more people are suggesting that exit test scores ought to be just one component of the high school diploma. Schools should consider many other records including credits earned, courses taken, activities, service, projects and other elements of academic accomplishment so that students can be evaluated flexibly. In other words, exit test scores should never be the only criterion for high school diplomas.
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【参考范文】
High school exit tests have been cancelled in some states in America in recent years. (要点1)This is not surprising because studies show they do little good to students. (要点2)Instead of ensuring college readiness and academic success, they actually don’t measure what should be measured. (要点3)Therefore, exit test scores should only be one part of the standards of high school diplomas. (要点4)
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