Unit 1 Section Ⅰ Warming Up & Reading
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
The Taj Mahal (泰姬陵) is considered to be one of the most beautiful buildings in the world and the finest example of the late style of Indian architecture (建筑). It is at Agra in northern India. It lies beside the River Jumma in the middle of gardens with quiet pools.
The Taj Mahal was built by the Mogul emperor (皇帝) Shah Jehan, who ruled India in the seventeenth century. It is in memory of his favorite wife, Arjumand Banu Bagam, known as Mumtaz Mahal, who died in 1631. The building, which was completed between 1632 and 1638, was designed by a local Muslim architect (建筑师), Ustad Ahmad Lahori. The whole building, with gardens and gateway structures, was completed in 1643. The Taj Mahal stands at one end of the garden tomb with marble (大理石) path. The room is softly lighted by the light that passes through double screens of carved marble set high in the walls. The building now is kept in good condition.
It took 22 years to build the Taj Mahal. Shah Jehan planned a similar building, but in black instead of white, to lie on the other side of the river. But before it could be built, Shah Jehan was imprisoned (监禁) by his son and buried next to his wife in the Taj Mahal.
【语篇解读】 本文主要讲述了泰姬陵的一些信息。
1．The Taj Mahal was built for .
A．Mumtaz Mahal
B．Shah Jehan
C．either Mumtaz or Shah
D．both Mumtaz and Shah
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“It is in memory of his favorite wife...known as Mumtaz Mahal”可知应选A。
2．Why do you think Shah Jehan was buried next to his wife?
A．His own tomb hadn't been built.
B．He hoped to be buried there.
C．King and Queen should be buried together.
D．He liked Mumtaz all his life.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据该文最后一段最后一句可知，Shah Jehan的坟墓还没有被建好，他就被儿子监禁了，只好埋在他妻子的旁边，故选A。
3．The passage mainly tells us .
A．why the Taj Mahal was built
B．the love story between Shah and Mumtaz
C．some information about the Taj Mahal
D．the Taj Mahal—the pride of Indians
解析：选C 主旨大意题。本文主要讲述有关泰姬陵的一些信息，故答案为C。
4．From the passage we can learn that .
A．the Taj Mahal looks more beautiful than before
B．the Taj Mahal doesn't exist now
C．the Taj Mahal has completely changed
D．the Taj Mahal has become a place of interest
解析：选D 推理判断题。其他三项的信息文中并没有提到或涉及，用排除法可选D。
B
Carol：I started playing the cello(大提琴) when I was about eight or nine. It was great playing the cello because I was in youth orchestras(管弦乐队) and we went abroad to do tours. But anyway, when I got to university, I stopped playing. Well, there just wasn't time and there were so many other things to do. Luckily, I took it up after my 25th birthday and joined a band(乐队)．
Daniel：When I was little, I thought I'd end up learning the guitar like my father, but then I decided that I wanted to have my own instrument(乐器), so I chose the trumpet(小号)．I'm in the school jazz band and I'd like to be a musician when I grow up, but my dad says it's difficult to make a living from music. But I don't want to be a lawyer like him. It's so boring.
Carmen：Nobody likes living near someone like me because when I practise, I make a lot of noise！But you have to keep practising, don't you？Otherwise it gets more and more difficult. The trouble is, in the summer, when it's hot, I have to open the windows, so the whole street gets to hear it if I'm not careful. I love playing the drums and I play in a fantastic band.
Vince：I've played the guitar for as long as I can remember, but when I was trying to make it as a musician after school, I used to play in the Underground in London to make a bit of extra money. I kept on playing, but I ran a restaurant to make a living. When I get any spare time I still play. I've got a few friends who like music too and we formed a band.
【语篇解读】 本文是应用文。四个人分别谈论了自己喜爱的乐器和演奏经历。
5．Why did Carol give up playing the cello?
A．She couldn't go abroad to play.
B．She turned to other instruments.
C．She found it boring to play it all day.
D．She couldn't spare any time to play it.
解析：选D 细节理解题。由Carol部分中的“But anyway, when I got to...many other things to do.”可知，上大学后，卡萝尔没有时间继续演奏大提琴。
6．What does Daniel think of being a musician?
A．It will be fun to do it.
B．It will be hard to make it.
C．It will never make him rich.
D．It will make his father satisfied.
解析：选A 推理判断题。由Daniel部分中的“I'd like to be...It's so boring.”可知，丹尼尔认为他父亲的职业(律师)很无趣，由此推断，他认为做一名音乐家是有趣的。
7．What troubles Carmen?
A．She cannot play well in public.
B．The street is so noisy in the summer.
C．It's hard to keep practising in the summer.
D．Playing the drums causes a disturbance to others.
解析：选D 细节理解题。由Carmen部分中的“when I practise, I make a lot of noise” 和 “The trouble is...if I'm not careful.”可知，卡门担心敲鼓的时候吵着别人。
Ⅱ.语法填空
Way back in 1674，a frog helped Antonie van Leeuwenhoek make an incredible discovery. Antonie was an amateur scientist from Holland, so fascinated by microscopes 1. he'd built some of his own. One rainy day, as he went for a walk, a leaping frog 2. (draw) his attention to a puddle.
Antonie collected a drop of puddle water and put it 3. his microscope. He was amazed 4. (see) a whole commy of creatures swimming in this one drop—tiny beings no one had ever seen before.
These tiny beings, called microbes, are everywhere：in dirt, in food and on your kitchen table. People 5. (cover) in them, too.6. you were to count all the microbes on and inside your body, you would find your body has more microbes than the world has people—over 6 billion!
Microbes can't survive on 7. (they) own. They need food. After 8. (settle) into a home—you, for instance—they steal vitamins and other nutrients and leave behind dead cells and poisonous liquids called toxins. Some microbes can make you sick. People usually call these ones germs. 9. (lucky) for you, there are more 10. (help) microbes, working together to keep you healthy, than bad ones.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文，通过安东尼用显微镜发现水滴中的微生物引出话题，指出微生物无处不在，但大多数微生物对人类是有益的。
1．解析：安东尼是一个来自荷兰的业余科学家，他对显微镜太入迷了以至于他自己做了几个。根据so可知本空应用that引导结果状语从句。
答案：that
2．解析：在一个雨天，他散步的时候，一只跳跃的青蛙使他注意到一个水坑。根据One rainy day可知，本句应用一般过去时，故填drew。
答案：drew
3．解析：安东尼收集了一滴水坑的水，并把它放在他的显微镜下。根据常识可知，要把物体放到显微镜下面观察，故应用介词under “在……下面”。
答案：under
4．解析：他吃惊地看见一整个生物群落正在这一滴水中游动。be amazed to do sth. 为固定用法，意为“吃惊地做某事”。
答案：to see
5．解析：根据语境可知，此处讲述客观事实，应用一般现在时；本句中的cover和主语People是被动关系，故应用一般现在时的被动语态，故填are covered。
答案：are covered
6．解析：如果你要数你身体上和身体内所有的微生物，你会发现你的身体有比世界上的人数还要多的微生物——超过60亿！根据语境可知，本空应用连词if引导条件状语从句。
答案：If
7．解析：on one's own为固定用法，意为“单独地，独自地”。
答案：their
8．解析：在宿主——比如你——体内定居后，它们会偷走维生素和其他营养物质，留下死细胞和被称为毒素的有毒液体。介词after后要用动名词形式，故本空应填settling。
答案：settling
9．解析：对你来说幸运的是，比起有害的微生物，有更多的有益微生物共同努力让你保持健康。副词luckily放在句首，修饰整个句子。
答案：Luckily
10．解析：根据语境可知，本空应用形容词修饰名词microbes，故应填形容词helpful。
答案：helpful
1．in memory of 为了纪念……
2．local adj.当地的
3．carve v．雕刻
4．in good condition 状况良好
5．do tours 作巡回演出
Nobody likes living near someone like me because when I practise， I make a lot of noise！
[分析] because引导原因状语从句；when引导时间状语从句。
[翻译] 没有人喜欢和我这样的人相邻，因为当我练习时，我会弄出很多的噪音。
课件20张PPT。Section Ⅰ Warming Up & Reading基 础 巩 固能 力 提 升语 篇 理 解基 础 巩 固语 篇 理 解能 力 提 升点 击 进 入Unit 1 Section Ⅱ Learning about Language & Using Language
Ⅰ.七选五
(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)
If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping, I would have laughed heartily. Campers, in my eyes, were people who enjoyed insect bites, ill-cooked meals, and uncomfortable sleeping bags. They had nothing in common with me. 1
The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer. 2 We slept in a tent, cooked over an open fire, and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bathroom. This brief visit with Mother Nature cost me two days off from work, recovering from a bad case of sunburn and the doctor's bill for my son's food poisoning.
I was, nevertheless, talked into going on another fun-filled holiday in the wilderness. 3 Instead, we had a pop-up camper with comfortable beds and an air conditioner. My nature-loving friends had remembered to bring all the necessities of life.
4 We have done a lot of it since. Recently, we bought a twenty-eight-foot travel trailer complete with a bathroom and a built-in TV set. There is a separate bedroom, a modern kitchen with a refrigerator. The trailer even has matching carpet and curtains.
5 It must be true that sooner or later, everyone finds his or her way back to nature. I recommend that you find your way in style.
A．This time there was no tent.
B．Things are going to be improved.
C．The trip they took me on was a rough one.
D．I was to learn a lot about camping since then, however.
E．I must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping.
F．After the trip, my family became quite interested in camping.
G．There was no shade as the trees were no more than 3 feet tall.
【语篇解读】 本文主要讲述了作者由一名不喜欢野营的人转变成一名野营爱好者的故事，并呼吁大家多亲近大自然。
1．解析：选D 本题为段尾题。本句起承上启下的作用，从一、二段的关系看，二者是转折关系，第一段主要讲述了作者以前不喜欢野营，第二段讲述了在朋友的引导下开始进行野营，故本题应该选择D项“I was to learn a lot about camping since then, however.”。
2．解析：选C 本题为段中题。根据下文“This brief visit with...my son's food poisoning.”可知，这次野营并不顺利。故本题应该选择C项“The trip they took me on was a rough one.”。
3．解析：选A 本题为段中题。根据下文中的“Instead, we had a pop-up camper with comfortable beds and an air conditioner.”并结合前文可知，作者这次野营没有带帐篷，故本题应该选择A项“This time there was no tent.”。
4．解析：选F 本题为段首题。本句起承上启下的作用，从前后文看，作者通过这次旅行，开始喜欢上了野营，故本题应该选择F项“After the trip, my family became quite interested in camping.”。
5．解析：选E 本题为段首题。根据前后文作者越来越喜欢上了野营，并建议大家也要多亲近大自然可知，本题应该选择E项“I must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping.”。
Ⅱ.完形填空
Why Dogs Eat Grass
These summer days, when I take my dog Raja for a walk, he always wants to stop and eat grass. However, 1 there are many other grasses nearby, he always 2 wheatgrass.
I've read that dogs eat grass because they want to vomit(呕吐) or they are having digestive troubles. Raja 3 to vomit. He will do anything to keep from vomiting, so that doesn't seem to be the 4 .I feed him pretty wet food, and he 5 it very well, with well-formed stools(粪便)．Digestive troubles do not seem to apply to Raja either. So I decided to 6 a little bit into the 7 dog literature to see what I could find.
One recent study approached grass eating in dogs with the hypothesis(假说) that grass may 8 digestive distress(痛苦)．In that study, the 9 fed dogs a diet that produced loose, watery stools, to mimic(模拟) a condition of a mild digestive upset. They 10 fed the dogs a standard diet that produced 11 stools, and gave the dogs two types of grasses to eat during each experimental condition. The 12 were that the dogs ate more grass when they were fed a standard diet than when they ate the diet that 13 the digestive upset. So much for that hypothesis.
Then there's vomiting.
I found another 14 that looked at whether dogs vomit more when they eat grass. In it, they surveyed 1571 dog owners on the Internet and 15 that 79 percent of the dogs ate grass, and of these, only 9 percent were 16 before they ate the grass, and 22 percent vomited 17 eating the grass. These results show that the vomiting hypothesis doesn't seem to be 18 either. So why do dogs eat grass?
Ask yourself that question the next time you 19 a delicious salad. My 20 is...because it tastes good.
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。作者发现自己的狗很喜欢吃草，于是查阅了大量资料，希望能找到答案。
1．A.although B．unless
C．since D．because
解析：选A 解析见下题。
2．A.looks at B．heads for
C．waits for D．gives up
解析：选B “尽管(although)”附近还有许多别的草，但是，作者的狗Raja总是会“走向(heads for)”麦草。
3．A.pretends B．fails
C．stops D．hates
解析：选D 根据下文中的“He will do anything to keep from vomiting”可知，Raja“讨厌(hates)”呕吐。
4．A.concern B．process
C．answer D．detail
解析：选C 结合上文中的“dogs eat grass because they want to vomit(呕吐)”和“He will do anything to keep from vomiting”可知，Raja吃草不是想呕吐，所以这个不是“答案(answer)”。
5．A.mixes B．digests
C．handles D．divides
解析：选B 结合上文中的“I feed him pretty wet food”和下文中的“with well-formed stools(粪便)”可知，Raja“消化(digests)”得很好。
6．A.dig B．move
C．fall D．cut
解析：选A 根据上文内容可知，作者没有找到答案，于是决定对有关文献作更深入的“探究(dig)”。
7．A.scientific B．descriptive
C．imaginative D．traditional
解析：选A 根据下文中的study可知，作者查看的是“科研方面的(scientific)”文献。
8．A.send B．produce
C．reduce D．further
解析：选C 根据下文中的“In that study, the...fed dogs a diet...to mimic(模拟) a condition of a mild digestive upset.”可以推知，这一研究建立在狗吃草是为了“减轻(reduce)”消化痛苦的假说基础之上。
9．A.owners B．farmers
C．doctors D．researchers
解析：选D 由上文中的study可知，“研究者(researchers)”给狗喂了一些容易引起它们拉稀的食物。
10．A.just B．even
C．thus D．also
解析：选D 本句与上句是并列关系，他们“还(also)”喂了标准的狗粮。
11．A.normal B．fresh
C．smelly D．hard
解析：选A 根据上文中的“fed the dogs a standard diet” 可以推知，狗的排泄物应该是“正常的(normal)”。
12．A.secrets B．results
C．solutions D．ideas
解析：选B 经过实验之后，研究者得出了“结果(results)”。
13．A.caused B．ignored
C．meant D．treated
解析：选A 根据上文中的“produced loose, watery stools”可知，与标准的狗粮相比，这些食物容易“引起(caused)”狗肠胃不适。
14．A.post B．study
C．exercise D．course
解析：选B 根据上文中的“study”可知，作者又找到了另一份“研究报告(study)”。
15．A.believed B．checked
C．found D．expected
解析：选C 研究者通过调查“发现(found)”79%的狗都吃草。
16．A.anxious B．sick
C．hungry D．sad
解析：选B 根据上文中的“digestive troubles”可以推知，有些狗“生病(sick)”之后会吃草。
17．A.if B．until
C．after D．before
解析：选C 根据上文中的“before they ate the grass”可以推知，22%的狗吃草“后(after)”会呕吐。
18．A.interesting B．strange
C．impossible D．reasonable
解析：选D 结合上文中假说的内容“grass may...digestive distress(痛苦)”和研究结果“the dogs ate more grass when they were fed a standard diet” 可知，假说不“合理(reasonable)”。
19．A.discover B．serve
C．eat D．cook
解析：选C 根据下文中的“tastes good”可知，当你下次“吃(eat)”沙拉时，也可以问自己这个问题。
20．A.news B．argument
C．promise D．guess
解析：选D 经过查阅科研文献，作者并没有弄明白狗吃草的原因，所以，他“猜想(guess)”也许狗吃草只是因为草好吃，就像自己吃美味的沙拉一样。
1．bite v．叮咬
2．pioneer n．先驱者
3．case n．病例
4．food poisoning 食物中毒
5．the necessities of life 生活必需品
课件11张PPT。Section Ⅱ Learning about Language & Using Language基 础 巩 固能 力 提 升基 础 巩 固能 力 提 升点 击 进 入Unit 1 Section Ⅲ Grammar
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
The Museum of London is starting to unearth what might turn out to be as many as 3,000 human skeletons (遗骸) under a train station in the United Kingdom's capital. The bones were exposed when workers began building a new entrance to a train station in London, England.
As the first city burial (埋葬) ground in London, Bedlam was probably used between 1569 and 1738.Its name comes from the nearby Hospital of Saint Mary of Bethlehem, which people also called Bedlam. Often, the people buried in Bedlam could not afford to be buried anywhere else. The burial ground also served as an overflow cemetery (墓地). That means that if other cemeteries became full, a person would be buried in Bedlam instead. It is believed that there could be a total of 20,000 skeletons in the overall burial ground.
Experts think studying the skeletons may help them learn about London's past, including questions about the Black Death, a deadly disease that had a terrible influence on much of the world. It started in the mid-1300s and swept through Asia, Africa, and Europe. Historians believe almost 50 million people died of the disease, including many of those buried at Bedlam. “Sixteen sixty-five saw the very last recorded period of the disease，” says Jay Carver, the leading expert on the project. Carver and his team believe the Bedlam bodies may explain why the outbreak suddenly stopped.
The dig site also sits above an even older Roman (古罗马的) road (between the 2nd and 3rd century A．D.). Archaeologists (考古学家) have already found a large number of objects from Roman times, including horseshoes and urns. Nick Elsden, the project manager for the site, says，“This is the UK's largest archaeology project, in what is one of the oldest areas of the city, so we stand to learn a great deal.”
【语篇解读】 本文是记叙文。文章主要介绍了伦敦修建车站时发现的一些遗骸。
1．The underlined word “exposed” in Paragraph 1 can best be replaced by “ ”．
A．discovered B．searched
C．returned D．studied
解析：选A 词义猜测题。由该词后的“when workers began building a new entrance to a train station”可知，当工人们开始修建通往一个火车站的新入口时发现了这些遗骸，故选A项。
2．We can learn from the text that Bedlam .
A．served as a cemetery for rich people
B．was once taken up by the Romans
C．got its name thanks to Jay Carver
D．used to be a train station
解析：选B 推理判断题。由最后一段中的“The dig site also sits above an even older Roman (古罗马的) road”和“a large number of objects from Roman times”可知，Bedlam曾被古罗马人侵占，故选B项。
3．What was expressed in Nick Elsden's words?
A．Pride. B．Praise.
C．Excitement. D．Kindness.
解析：选C 推理判断题。由最后一段中的“This is the UK's largest archaeology project...we stand to learn a great deal.”可知，对于这一发现他非常兴奋，故选C项。
4．What would be the best title for the text?
A．The Museum of London
B．A Roman Road in Bedlam
C．History of the Black Death
D．Skeleton Secrets in London
解析：选D 标题归纳题。文章主要介绍了伦敦修建车站时发现的一些遗骸，故用D项作为标题最恰当。
B
A creature that looks like a small dinosaur, complete with spikes(尖刺) and a pointy beak, crawled out of a river in the Russian Far East and into the nightmares of many who saw images of it on social media.
The spiked turtle was found on the banks of the Amur River near the Leninskoye settlement, part of Russia's Jewish Autonomous Region, according to The Siberian Times. “When we encountered it, we did not even realize that it was a turtle，” Anastasia Steshina, who filmed the creature, said. “It reminded us of a dinosaur. It was biting through sticks with its jaws and tried to attack us.”
Turns out, the creature is an alligator snapping turtle. Someone who owned the turtle may have dumped it into the river when it grew too big, The Siberian Times reports. It's also possible the Chinese are breeding alligator snapping turtles for eggs and meat on the other side of the river and it escaped and ended up getting there.
National Geographic says the freshwater turtle is found almost exclusively in rivers, canals and lakes in the American southeast. It also says the turtles can live to between 50 and 100 years old. Males weigh around 175 pounds, with some growing up to 220 pounds, and can have a shell that reaches 26 inches long. Females are much smaller, weighing about 50 pounds.
The alligator snapping turtle is listed as “vulnerable” on the International Union for Conservation of Nature's Red List, and the U．S.Fish and Wildlife Service is preparing a study that could lead to new protections for the turtles.
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。一些人最近发现了一只大鳄龟，错把它当成了小型恐龙。
5．Those who saw the turtle on social media most probably found it very .
A．exciting B．frightening
C．embarrassing D．puzzling
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“crawled out of a river...on social media”可知，看过这只大鳄龟图像的人认为它很令人害怕。
6．When Anastasia Steshina first saw the turtle, she .
A．tried to attack it and drive it away
B．thought it was something normal
C．didn't really know what it was
D．ran away immediately
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“When we encountered it...it was a turtle”可知，Anastasia Steshina当时并不知道它是什么。
7．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?
A．What the creature is.
B．Why the turtle was there.
C．Why the turtle was dumped.
D．What the turtle can be used for.
解析：选B 段落大意题。根据第三段的“Someone who owned the turtle may have dumped it into the river when it grew too big...it escaped and ended up getting there.”可知，这一段主要是讲这只大鳄龟为什么会出现在那里。
8．What do we know about alligator snapping turtles?
A．They can live hundreds of years.
B．They spend a lot of time on the land.
C．Their shells can weigh as much as 26 pounds.
D．Females can be over 100 pounds lighter than males.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Males weigh around...weighing about 50 pounds.”可知，雌性可能会比雄性轻一百多磅。
Ⅱ.短文改错
When I was young, I lived in the countryside. At that time, the trees there were very green, that left a deep impression on me and the water there was so much clear that I even could see the fish swimming. When it gets dark, the air was cooler than it in the daytime. People liked to walk out their houses to chat together. I liked to play games with my friends but ran along the village happily. As the moon rose highly in the sky, the village was lighting. When I looked up, I could see the moon and a few star. They were so close to me. It seemed that I could touch them. The life in the countryside were so wonderful.
答案：
When I was young, I lived in the countryside. At that time, the trees there were very green, left a deep impression on me and the water there was so much clear that I even could see the fish swimming. When it dark，the air was cooler than in the daytime. People liked to walk out their houses to chat together. I liked to play games with my friends ran along the village happily. As the moon rose in the sky, the village was . When I looked up, I could see the moon and a few . They were so close to me. It seemed that I could touch them. The life in the countryside so wonderful.
1.turn out 结果是；最终是
2.a total of 总数为
3.deadly adj.致命的
4.creature n．生物
5.encounter v．遇到
Its name comes from the nearby Hospital of Saint Mary of Bethlehem, which people also called Bedlam.
[分析] which在句中引导定语从句，修饰先行词Hospital of Saint Mary of Bethlehem。
[翻译] 它的名字来自附近的Hospital of Saint Mary of Bethlehem，人们也把这个医院叫作Bedlam。
课件10张PPT。Section Ⅲ Grammar基 础 巩 固能 力 提 升基 础 巩 固能 力 提 升点 击 进 入课件32张PPT。Section Ⅳ 单元知识巩固重 点 单 词重 点 短 语重 点 句 型话 题 写 作重 点 单 词重 点 短 语重 点 句 型话 题 写 作
