Unit 3 Section Ⅰ Warming Up & Reading
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
For many kids, the Internet is at their fingertips. From computers to smartphones, a web of information is open to them. According to a new report from the Pew Research Center, about three out of four kids aged 12 to 13 connect the Internet using a mobile device (移动设备) from time to time. Many younger kids are online too.
Julian Zeitlinger, 9, from New Jersey, uses his computer to watch videos and play games. To keep him safe online, his parents monitor (监测) his web use and discuss Internet safety with him. “I ask my parents if something is wrong，”Julian says.
Mobile devices offer more ways than ever to share personal information. The information can be dangerous in the wrong hands. A study found that 62% of children aged 8 to 17 have had an unpleasant online experience.
Have you ever had to enter a parent's e-mail address when signing up for a website? That safety net is there because of the Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA). The law says sites for kids under 13 cannot collect personal information, such as a phone number or full name, without a parent's permission (允许)．
This July, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) will update COPPA for the first time since the law was created, in 1998—when there were no smartphones. “The nature of the way kids get online has changed，” FTC lawyer Phyllis Marcus said.
When the changes take effect, COPPA will apply to (适用于) mobile devices and newer forms of advertising. It will expand what falls under “personal information” to include videos, photographs and services that give user location (位置)．
COPPA doesn't cover everything that can go wrong online. That's why kids and parents need to know what to look out for and to stop and think before sharing information online.
“There is a misunderstanding that if a site is following COPPA, it is totally safe，” says privacy expert Shai Samet. He runs kidSAFE, which checks whether a site meets kidSAFE standards and is safe. “It's important that kids know how useful the Internet is but that it also can be dangerous if you are not careful，” he adds.
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。文章告诫人们应该注意上网安全。
1．Julian's parents check his web use to make sure .
A．he doesn't watch too many videos
B．he doesn't play computer games
C．he stays safe on the Internet
D．he controls his online time
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“To keep him safe online, his parents monitor (监测) his web use”可知，Julian的父母监测他的上网情况是为了确保他的网络安全。
2．How does the author explain children's unpleasant online experiences?
A．By describing his own experiences.
B．By presenting scientific research.
C．By showing differences.
D．By using examples.
解析：选B 写作手法题。根据第三段中的“A study found that 62% of children aged 8 to 17 have had an unpleasant online experience.”可知，作者主要是通过引用研究结果来说明孩子们不愉快的上网经历。
3．People often hold the wrong idea that .
A．formal websites are always safe
B．the Internet is becoming safer and safer
C．COPPA can ensure their complete safety
D．daily checks prevent future online problems
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“There is a misunderstanding that if a site is following COPPA, it is totally safe”可知，人们认为遵循COPPA法案的网站可以确保他们上网的绝对安全，然而事实表明，这是错误的观念。
4．What's the main purpose of the text?
A．To ask parents to look out for their kids.
B．To tell people to be careful online.
C．To offer tips on online safety.
D．To introduce an online law.
解析：选B 写作意图题。通读全文可知，由于上网的方式在发生改变，因此相应的确保上网安全的法案也要进行更新调整，特别是文章最后一句中的“it also can be dangerous if you are not careful”点明文章主旨，即：告诫人们在上网时应该小心谨慎。故B项符合题意。
B
A few months ago, Jason asked his parents to buy him a computer. All his friends already had one, so his mom and dad agreed. During the first few weeks, Jason spent a lot of time in front of his computer because he had to learn how it worked. He was really interested in learning all about it and he even started writing computer programs himself.
One day Jason found a website where he could play chess either against the computer or against other people from all over the world. From then on, Jason seemed to have just one interest in life, his computer. Whenever his parents told him that he was spending too much time with his computer, Jason went into denial. He did not think that he had a problem at all.
Then the unthinkable happened: Jason's computer broke down. But his parents decided not to buy him a new one. Jason said that he needed a computer for school, and he promised that he'd spend less time with it. But his parents refused to give in. Finally, Jason felt so hopeless that he took the only way out and killed himself.
Robert Johnson, a psychologist (心理学家) on the subject, says, “Computer addiction (沉溺) is an illness that can influence anyone of us. Nowadays, increasing numbers of people are spending more and more time working with computers. While this isn't a problem for most users, some people, especially teenagers, often use the computer to get away from the real world. This is especially true of shy people. For them, meeting people online is a way of hiding their true selves. In cyberspace, they can be whoever they want to be and create their own virtual (虚拟的) world. But what happens when they can no longer enter their virtual world？”
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。作者通过此文警告广大青少年要合理利用电脑。
5．Why did Jason want to buy a computer according to Paragraph 1?
A．To play chess.
B．To make friends.
C．To avoid being an outsider.
D．To write computer programs.
解析：选C 细节理解题。由第一段中的“All his friends already had one, so his mom and dad agreed.”可知，Jason的朋友们都有电脑，而他却没有，为了避免成为圈外人，所以想让父母给自己也买一台，故选C项。
6．By saying “Jason went into denial”， the author means .
A．Jason would not listen
B．Jason enjoyed himself
C．Jason would turn it off
D．Jason changed his mind
解析：选A 细节理解题。由该句后面的“He did not think that he had a problem at all.”可知，每次父母提醒他玩电脑时间太长了，他都不听，故选A项。
7．What was Jason's relationship with his parents like when his computer broke down?
A．Fine. B．So-so.
C．Terrible. D．Unknown.
解析：选C 推理判断题。由第三段中的“his parents refused to give in”和“Jason...killed himself”可知，当时他们的关系很糟糕，故选C项。
8．In Robert Johnson's opinion, .
A．it is impossible to beat computer addiction
B．shy people get addicted to computers easily
C．teenagers should stay away from computers
D．computers are getting us into serious trouble
解析：选B 细节理解题。由最后一段中的“some people, especially teenagers...shy people”可知，那些腼腆的人更容易沉迷于电脑所营造的虚拟世界中，故选B项。
Ⅱ.语法填空
There was a proud teak tree in the forest. He was tall and strong. There 1. (be) a small herb (香草) next to the tree.
The teak tree said, “I am very handsome and strong. No one can defeat me.”When 2. (hear) this, the herb replied, “Dear friend, too much pride is 3. (harm)．Even the strong will fall one day.”
The teak ignored the herb's words. He continued to praise 4. (he)．
A strong wind blew. The teak stood 5. (firm)．Even when it rained, the teak stood strong by spreading his leaves. During these times, 6. herb bowed low. The teak made fun 7. the herb.
One day, there was a storm in the forest. The herb bowed low. As usual, the teak did not want to bow. The storm kept growing 8. (strong)．The teak could no longer bear it. He felt his strength giving way. He tried his best 9. (stand) upright, but in the end, he fell down. That was the end of the proud tree.
10． everything was calm again, the herb stood straight. He looked around. He saw the proud teak fallen.
【语篇解读】 本文主要讲述了一棵自负的柚木和一株谦虚的香草之间的故事。
1．解析：此处与上文的“There was”呼应，故用一般过去时，表示过去发生或存在的事情。
答案：was
2．解析：在when引导的状语从句的复合句中，当主从句主语一致且从句中含有be动词的某种形式时，可省略从句中的主语和be动词。本句补充完整应该是：When the herb was hearing this。故填hearing。
答案：hearing
3．解析：harmful是形容词，作系动词is的表语，符合语境。
答案：harmful
4．解析：空处与句子主语He呼应，故用反身代词作宾语。
答案：himself
5．解析：副词一般修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，在句子中作状语。此处是副词firmly修饰动词stood。
答案：firmly
6．解析：这里特指文章已经提到过的“herb”，故用定冠词修饰，表示特指。
答案：the
7．解析：make fun of为固定搭配，意为“取笑”，符合语境，故用介词of。
答案：of
8．解析：与下文中的“The teak could no longer bear it”呼应可知，暴风雨越来越猛烈了，故用形容词比较级。
答案：stronger
9．解析：try one's best to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“尽最大努力做某事”，故用不定式。
答案：to stand
10．解析：when引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时”，在句中作时间状语，符合语境。
答案：When
1．online adv.在线
2．Internet safety 网络安全
3．device n．设备
4．update v．升级
5．go wrong 出毛病
During the first few weeks， Jason spent a lot of time in front of his computer because he had to learn how it worked.
[分析] because引导原因状语从句；how引导宾语从句。
[翻译] 在开始的几个星期，詹森因为要学习电脑是如何工作的，因此他在电脑前面的时间很长。
课件21张PPT。Section Ⅰ Warming Up & Reading基 础 巩 固能 力 提 升语 篇 理 解基 础 巩 固语 篇 理 解能 力 提 升点 击 进 入Unit 3 Section Ⅱ Learning about Language & Using Language
Ⅰ.七选五
Does Eating Grapefruit Burn Fat?
Where did the myth(荒诞的说法) come from?
People seem to believe that there's something magical about grapefruit—that, in some way, it helps burn fat. 1 It's probably based on the fact that, years ago, grapefruit juice was used by housewives for cleaning fat stains(污点)．While it might be good at breaking down fat stains, it doesn't work like that once it's in the body. Others believe that it increases metabolism(新陈代谢) and helps burn fat. Again, no facts show that this is true.
2
The American Dietetic Association has shown that this “long-held myth is wishful thinking” and that grapefruit doesn't help people lose weight or burn fat.
Of course, if you're only going to have half a grapefruit for breakfast instead of several kinds of fatty foods, then you're going to lose weight. 3 It's just that you're having light meals.
4
The only way to lose weight is to watch what you eat and take some exercise. Grapefruit is full of vitamins(维生素) that the body needs, so it's a good food to include in your meals. 5
The other thing to remember about grapefruit is that you shouldn't eat it or drink it as a juice if you are taking statins(胆固醇合成酶抑制剂)．
A．What's the truth?
B．So is there no hope?
C．Which food is a better choice?
D．But this is just scientifically rubbish.
E．However, it has nothing to do with grapefruit.
F．Here is some advice on losing weight fast and safely.
G．But it's not going to make the pounds drop off magically.
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。针对吃葡萄柚能够燃脂的说法，本文进行了反驳，并提出了正确减肥的方法。
1．解析：选D D项中的“this is just scientifically rubbish”和上文中的“People seem to believe”语意相反，用But连接符合语境。而且D项和本段小标题中的myth相呼应。
2．解析：选A 上一部分提到了这种荒诞的说法被流传的两个原因，本段承接上一段指出事实的真相。本部分中的“this ‘long-held myth is wishful thinking’ and that grapefruit doesn't help people lose weight or burn fat”是对A项问题的回答。
3．解析：选E E项中的“it has nothing to do with grapefruit”和上文中的“you're going to lose weight”构成对比，用However连接符合语境。且下文中的“It's just that you're having light meals.”是对E项的解释说明。
4．解析：选B 上一部分指出吃葡萄柚不能帮助燃脂的真相后，本部分提出问题：是否还有希望(减脂)，承接上文，符合语境。且本部分中的“The only way to lose weight is to...”回答了B项的问题。
5．解析：选G 上文提到葡萄柚富含维生素，是饮食中一个不错的选择，但G项话锋一转，回到本文的主题：葡萄柚并不具有使我们的体重下降的魔力。G项放在此处符合语境。
Ⅱ.完形填空
When my husband Ian died in 2014, ten days after being diagnosed with cancer, I was completely broken up. He was just 54.We'd planned to 1 together and live the years to the fullest.
At first, the 2 of spending the following years of my life without him left me feeling 3 . I was in deep 4 having lost him. But as time passed, I began to 5 that life is so precious, and none of us can 6 what's around the corner.
I realized I could sit at home and 7 Ian, 8 I could make the most of every moment of my life. Three months 9 he died, a friend mentioned a choir run by a 10 Tenovus Cancer Care, which was for anyone 11 by cancer. I've 12 loved to sing, so I agreed. That decision really has changed my 13 .
We rehearse (排练) once a week and perform 14 to raise money. We sing inspiring songs like You've Got a Friend which really 15 all of us.
Spending time with the choir, I have not only made a whole new friendship circle, but I feel so 16 ， which has been fantastic for my 17 well-being.
I 18 money for the charity too, including traveling a long way to Machu Picchu, where I scattered (播撒) some of Ian's ashes. I know Ian would 19 my decision to look after myself.
Living a good life, and finding ways to enjoy my retirement, is the best 20 I can offer him.
【语篇解读】 本文为一篇记叙文，描述了作者在突然失去丈夫后的迷茫以及走出阴霾、积极面对生活的心路历程。
1．A.die B．retire
C．live D．sing
解析：选B 根据上文提到了作者丈夫去世时的年龄为54岁及文章最后一段中的retirement可知，此处指作者与丈夫之前曾计划过一起退休(retire)后的生活。故选B项。
2．A.feeling B．thought
C．sense D．hope
解析：选B 丈夫的去世让作者崩溃，由此可以推断，此处指作者对未来生活的担忧， thought意为“想法”更符合语境。
3．A.lost B．tired
C．excited D．relaxed
解析：选A 根据常识可知，丈夫突然去世作者应是感到迷茫的(lost)。故选A项。
4．A.trouble B．breath
C．shock D．regret
解析：选C 从原来美好的憧憬到突然的失去，让作者备受打击。shock意为“打击，震惊”，符合语境。
5．A.wonder B．understand
C．forget D．remember
解析：选B 根据设空后的“life is so precious”及下文中对作者参加活动的描述可知，随着时间的推移，作者明白了生命的珍贵。故选B项。
6．A.change B．doubt
C．predict D．leave
解析：选C 根据设空后的“around the corner”可知，此处指没有人能预测即将发生什么。故选C项。
7．A.mourn for B．wait for
C．look after D．talk with
解析：选A 作者意识到生命的珍贵，因此此处要作出选择，要么在家哀悼丈夫，要么积极面对生活。mourn for意为“悼念”，符合语境。
8．A.and B．so
C．for D．or
解析：选D 此处表示作者的不同选择：是待在家中悼念丈夫还是走出去积极面对生活，空处前后之间为选择关系。故选D项。
9．A.before B．after
C．since D．as
解析：选B 此处表示在作者丈夫去世之后。故选B项。
10．A.charity B．company
C．club D．hospital
解析：选A 根据第14空后的“to raise money”及第18空后的“the charity”可知，这是一个慈善机构。故选A项。
11．A.killed B．defeated
C．scared D．affected
解析：选D 作者的丈夫死于癌症，而作者参加这样的活动得以改变人生，由此可推断，这个机构的目的在于帮助像作者这样受癌症影响的人。故选D项。
12．A.hardly B．seldom
C．always D．often
解析：选C 此处表示作者一直喜欢唱歌，所以参加慈善机构的排练活动。故选C项。
13．A.mind B．life
C．dream D．goal
解析：选B 根据下文的描述可知，参加慈善演唱的决定改变了作者的生活，使作者从悲伤中走了出来。故选B项。
14．A.dances B．plays
C．services D．concerts
解析：选D 根据文中提到的关键信息“rehearse”和“We sing inspiring songs”可知，此处应与歌唱和排练相呼应，指举行音乐会来筹钱。故选D项。
15．A.amuse B．interest
C．push D．impress
解析：选D 根据“inspiring songs”可知，这些歌曲给作者他们留下了深刻的印象。故选D项。
16．A.skillful B．cautious
C．secure D．positive
解析：选D 根据“I have not only made a whole new friendship circle”可知，作者建立了新的朋友圈，说明这些活动让作者走出阴霾，从而积极面对生活。故选D项。
17．A.mental B．physical
C．social D．economic
解析：选A 作者通过参加这些活动走出阴霾，说明作者拥有了良好的心理 (mental)状态。故选A项。
18．A.spend B．save
C．raise D．earn
解析：选C 作者除了与合唱团一起为慈善尽力，自己也通过个人活动来筹集善款。故选C项。
19．A.approve of B．care about
C．be opposed to D．be sorry about
解析：选A 作者走出悲伤，积极乐观地生活，相信丈夫会支持她好好生活。approve of意为“赞成”，符合语境。
20．A.award B．experience
C．comfort D．help
解析：选C 文章最后是作者的感悟：好好生活便是对丈夫最好的慰藉。故选C项。
1．magical adj.神奇的；有魔力的
2．break down 分解
3．lose weight 减肥
4．be diagnosed with 被诊断为……
5．precious adj.珍贵的
课件10张PPT。Section Ⅱ Learning about Language & Using Language基 础 巩 固能 力 提 升基 础 巩 固能 力 提 升点 击 进 入Unit 3 Section Ⅲ Grammar
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
During the day, Mike Kosciuk teaches students at De La Salle Collegiate High School in Michigan. However, in the evenings and on weekends, Mike provides instruction on Tutor. com. Not only does he teach students math from 9th grade through college level, he also teaches other online teachers how to improve their teaching. Recognized as a leader in online teaching, Mike was the February 2010 Tutor of the Month for Tutor.com.
Chrissy Markley is one of many online teachers who are taking virtual (虚拟的) learning to the lower grades. At Arizona Connections Academy, an online public school, Chrissy teaches 7/8th Grade Gifted Language Arts and 9th Grade Language Arts. Once a 6th grade teacher in a traditional public school area, Chrissy enjoys teaching in the virtual classroom. Recognized as an excellent teacher, she was named the school's 2011 Teacher of the Year.
Having ten years' experience in online teaching, Jody Shine began teaching with Davenport University. When she was asked to teach online, she was skeptical at first. “I feared something would be lost in the give and take of classroom discussion，” Jody said. “Now I know online teaching allows students greater freedom to express themselves.” Today, Jody uses voice recordings and online videos to teach English Composition to Davenport students.
Like Arizona Connections Academy, Open High School of Utah is also a public school offering online instruction. There, Amy Pace is an award-winning (获奖的) science teacher. After spending 11 years in a traditional teaching environment, Amy joined Open High School of Utah. She has helped create an interesting science course. In 2010, she was one of 103 7th to 12th grade teachers to be chosen for a Presidential Award for Excellence in Mathematics and Science Teaching.
【语篇解读】 本文是应用文。文章介绍了四位网课老师。
1．What subject does Mike teach?
A．English Composition. B．Language Arts.
C．Science. D．Math.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Not only does he teach students math”可知，Mike是教数学的。
2．The underlined word “skeptical” in Paragraph 3 probably means “ ”．
A．unhappy B．doubtful
C．serious D．bored
解析：选B 词义猜测题。根据Jody紧接着说的“I feared something would be lost in the give and take of classroom discussion”和“Now I know online teaching allows students greater freedom to express themselves.”之间的对比可知，Jody一开始担心网络授课中不能很好地进行课堂讨论交流，因此对是否要进行网络授课有所迟疑。
3．What kind of readers will probably like reading the text?
A．Parents who are helping their kids choose a public school.
B．Students who are searching for an online teacher.
C．Teachers who want to win prizes in teaching.
D．Anyone who likes to study abroad.
解析：选B 推理判断题。文章主要介绍了四位网上授课老师的基本情况以及他们所获得的相应奖项，因此对于正在挑选在线老师的学生来说很有用处。
B
A new study suggests that tiny organisms living underground may store most of the carbon in Swedish forest floors. That's a good thing for the environment：If the carbon remains hidden in the soil, then it's not escaping into the atmosphere. There, it could contribute to global warming.
These organisms, called mycorrhizal fungi (菌根真菌), grow on tree roots. They provide trees with nutrients in exchange for their sugars, which contain carbon.
Scientists had long believed that most of the carbon sits above ground. But the new study suggests most carbon is trapped in the soil. Carbon is a building block of every living organism, from people and fish to bacteria and trees. Trees are masters at stashing carbon. They breathe in carbon dioxide from the air. They use the carbon to grow branches, leaves and roots. But the element moves around. If a tree falls down and rots—or is cut down and burned—its carbon goes back into the air as carbon dioxide. Too much of the gas in the air can foster global warming.
In cold northern forests, like those in Sweden, fallen leaves and branches take a long time to rot. That means the carbon in those materials can stay put for a long time.
To learn more about what a tree does with its carbon, ecologists at the Swedish University collected soil from 30 forested Swedish islands. They then measured the amount and age of the carbon in the samples. The scientists found that deeper, fungi-filled soils contained more carbon than soils from the surface of the forest floor.
When the scientists dated the carbon in the samples, they got a surprise：They found “young” carbon in deeper soils. The researchers had expected to find young carbon only in soils closer to the surface of the forest floor. The only explanation, they say：The young carbon came from the underground fungi that swallow carbon-containing sugars from tree roots.
With the new findings, scientists may better understand soil's role in storing carbon. That information could help improve forecasts for global warming.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇科普说明文。研究发现，一种菌根真菌能通过吸收树根中蕴含碳的糖，从而将碳储藏在深层土壤中。
4．How do fungi grow?
A．They consume carbon dioxide.
B．They digest fallen tree branches.
C．They absorb nutrients from the soil.
D．They obtain sugars from tree roots.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第二段“These organisms, called mycorrhizal fungi(菌根真菌)...which contain carbon.”可知，这种菌根真菌生长于树的根部，它们为树木提供营养，以换取树木中含有碳的糖。据此可知，这种菌根真菌吸收树根中的糖分，故D项正确。
5．What does the underlined word “stashing” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．Storing. B．Reducing.
C．Transforming. D．Producing.
解析：选A 词义猜测题。根据第三段第四、五句“Trees are masters at stashing carbon.They breathe in carbon dioxide from the air.”可知，树木从空气中吸进二氧化碳，所以树木是储藏碳的能手；据此可以判断，画线词意为“储存”，故A项正确。
6．Why were the scientists surprised at the findings?
A．Young carbon was found in the surface of the forest floor.
B．The findings could not be explained scientifically.
C．The findings proved their previous ideas wrong.
D．It is hard to find young carbon in the underground fungi.
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据第六段中的“They found ‘young' carbon in deeper soils...the surface of the forest floor.”可知，研究人员原以为新碳应存在于靠近地表的土壤中，但是研究发现，新碳却存在于深层土壤中，即发现的结果与他们先前的推论不一样，故他们感到惊讶，故C项正确。
7．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A．Fungi in Cold Northern Forests
B．Fungi as Carbon Keepers
C．Fungi on the Roots of Trees
D．Fungi in the Deep Soil
解析：选B 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文是一篇科普说明文，主要介绍了一种菌根真菌能通过吸收树木的糖，从而将碳储藏在深层土壤中。据此可知，这种菌根真菌是碳的保存者，故B项最能概括文意，故B项正确。
Ⅱ.短文改错
Chinese is one of the world's most widely spoken languages. There are much different types of Chinese. For example, one type known as Mandarin, had almost a billion speakers. Outside of China, Chinese in some form is spoken Chinese communities worldwide. The different kinds of Chinese language use a same script. While someone from the north of China may need the speech of someone from the south interpreted, but it is not usually necessary to have written documents translating. In the early twenty century, a government language policy created Modern Standard Chinese, that is now the official language of China. It is one of the official language of the United Nations to develop more effectively communication.
答案：
Chinese is one of the world's most widely spoken languages. There are different types of Chinese. For example, one type known as Mandarin， almost a billion speakers. Outside of China, Chinese in some form is spoken Chinese communities worldwide. The different kinds of Chinese language use same script. While someone from the north of China may need the speech of someone from the south interpreted, but it is not usually necessary to have written documents .In the early century, a government language policy created Modern Standard Chinese, is now the official language of China. It is one of the official of the United Nations to develop more communication.
1．on weekends 在周末
2．traditional adj.传统的
3．environment n．环境
4．course n．课程
5．atmosphere n．气氛；大气层
They provide trees with nutrients in exchange for their sugars，which contain carbon.
[分析] which引导定语从句，修饰先行词nutrients。
[翻译] 它们为树提供营养来交换糖分，这些营养中含有碳。
课件8张PPT。Section Ⅲ Grammar 基 础 巩 固能 力 提 升基 础 巩 固能 力 提 升点 击 进 入课件26张PPT。Section Ⅳ 单元知识巩固重 点 单 词重 点 短 语重 点 句 型话 题 写 作重 点 单 词重 点 短 语重 点 句 型话 题 写 作
