(共53张PPT)
Unit 3 Science and
nature
内容索引
核心素养测评
Step 1 以高考为导向·印证教材基础
Step 2 以核心为根本·探究课堂重点
Step 3 以检测为载体·提升语基能力
Step 4 以话题为主线·锤炼素养技能
【知识主线串记】
短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点, 请按要求补全短文, 并背诵体会黑
体部分用法。
Recently, we 1. ______________(conduct) a survey as to the policy of being
coal-free. The 2. ________(major) of students are 3. __favour of it. They think it
is necessary 4. ________(adopt) some serious measures to stop air pollution.
Most residents in the countryside use a great amount of coal in the winter. As
5. __consequence, air pollution in the winter is particularly serious. They hold the
have conducted
majority
in
to adopt
a
point of view 6. ____if we didn’t take action immediately, there 7. ________(be)
no chance to regret. It is reported that the first city 8. _________(enforce) the
policy has witnessed a great improvement in air quality. In my opinion, on the
one hand, we should also take some other factors into 9. ____________
(consider), such as the cost, the source of alternative energy. On the other
hand, I think that ?the policy won’t work well unless 10. _______(carry) out
consistently.
that
would be
to enforce
consideration
carried
Part 1 考纲高频单词
1. adopt vt. (adopted, adopted, adopting)收养, 领养; 采用, 采纳
【语块必记】
(1)adopt one’s advice/suggestion/plan. . . 采纳某人的建议/方案……
(2)adoption n. 收养, 采用
adopted adj. 被收养的
【易混辨析】
adapt vi. &vt. (使)适应; 改编。adapt与adopt仅有一个字母之差, 注意区分。
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①The new tax would force companies ________(adopt) energy-saving
measures. ?
②Recently, Dr Kennedy _______________(adopt) as the party’s candidate for
South Cambridge. ?
③Sally ___________(adopt) when she was four. ?
to adopt
has been adopted
was adopted
句式升级
④After he adopted a new way, the problem was solved.
→______________________, the problem was solved. (with的复合结构)?
→________________________, he solved the problem. (现在分词短语作状语)?
With a new way adopted
Having adopted a new way
2. consequence n. 结果, 后果
【文化金句】 Once natural resources run out, the consequence will be unimaginable.
一旦自然资源用尽, 后果将不可想象。
【语块必记】
(1)as a consequence = in consequence 因此, 结果
in consequence of = as a consequence of 由于……的缘故, 因而
answer for/deal with/take/suffer/face the consequences 承担后果
(2)consequent adj. 作为结果的; 随之发生的
(3)consequently adv. 所以, 因此
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①This poses a threat to agriculture and the food chain, and ____________
(consequent) to human health.
完成句子
②I missed the bus this morning and _______________was late for work. ?
今天早上我错过了公共汽车, 结果上班迟到了。
consequently
as a consequence
一句多译
③由于表现不好, 他被开除了。 世纪金榜导学号
_____________________________________________________________, he was
dismissed. ?
=He behaved badly, _________________________________________________,
he was dismissed. ?
In consequence of/As a consequence of/As a result of his bad behaviour
as a consequence/in consequence/as a result/consequently
3. consideration n. 仔细考虑; 必须考虑的因素; 体谅,
顾及
【文化金句】 Even today Xuan paper is still considered the best kind of paper for calligraphy and traditional Chinese painting.
直至今天, 人们仍认为宣纸最适于书法和国画。
【语块必记】
(1)take. . . into consideration 把……考虑在内
(2)consider vt. 考虑; 认为
consider doing sth. 考虑做某事
consider. . . to be/as 认为……是……
(3)considerate adj. 考虑周到的
It is considerate of sb. to do sth. 某人做某事很体贴
(4)considerable adj. 相当的; 可观的
(5)considering prep. 考虑到
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①I greatly appreciate any of your favorable ____________(consider) of my
application.
②To build up your body and learn how to protect yourself well, you can take
Martial Arts courses ____consideration.
句式升级(用非谓语和被动语态改写句子)
③When we take these factors into consideration, we know that we must take
measures immediately to strengthen students’ self-independence.
→______________________________________________________________
_____immediately to strengthen students’ self-independence. ?
consideration
into
Taking these factors into consideration, we know that measures must be
taken
4. confirm vt. &vi. 证实, 证明; 确认; 使确信
【文化金句】 Geoff Edwards, who was admitted into the Cambridge University at the age of 52, has confirmed an old Chinese saying-it is never too late to learn.
52岁的杰夫·爱德华兹考入剑桥大学, 他证实了一句中国古话: 学无老幼。
【语块必记】
(1)confirm that/wh-clause 确定, 证实
confirm sb. in sth. 使某人确信某事
坚定某人的信念
It has been confirmed that. . . 已确定……
(2)confirmed adj. 坚定的, 根深蒂固的
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①Six people ______________(confirm) they will be attending and ten haven’t
replied yet. ?
②Flights should ____________(confirm)48 hours before departure. ?
③This latest information convinces me of the belief that he is to blame. (同义句
转换)
→This latest information _____________the belief that he is to blame. ?
have confirmed
be confirmed
confirms me in
5. frighten vt. 使惊吓, 使惊恐
【文化金句】 General He Long’s wise strategy frightened the enemies into running away.
贺龙将军的明智之举使得敌人闻风丧胆。
【语块必记】
(1)frighten. . . away/off 把……吓跑, 吓走
frighten sb. into/out of doing sth. 恐吓某人做/不做某事
(2)frightened adj. 惊恐的
be frightened to do sth. 害怕做某事
be frightened of 对……感到害怕
be frightened to death 被吓得要死
(3)frightening adj. 令人恐惧的
(4)fright n. 害怕, 惊恐
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①Survivors waited for the rescue boats, dazed and _________(frighten).
②Their lawyers tried to frighten us ____signing the contract.
③多变fright填空
Seeing the __________sight, he was _________, which _________him away
with _________expression. As a consequence, it gave me a _____as well.
④我被那声音吓得要死。(一句多译)
The noise ____________________. ?
=The noise ____________________. ?
frightened
into
frightening
frightened
frightened
frightened
fright
frightened me to death
gave me a severe fright
【误区释疑】 frightened为v. -ed类形容词, 表示人的感受, 常修饰人或说明人的感受等。frightening为v. -ing类形容词, 用来修饰使人害怕的人或事物。
Part 2 重点短语句式
6. on the one hand. . . on the other hand. . .
一方面……, 另一方面……
【文化金句】 On the one hand, Ruskin was influenced by the 19th romanticism. On the other hand, he inherited 18th classicism aesthetic tradition.
罗斯金一方面受到19世纪浪漫主义思潮的影响, 另一方面继承了18世纪古典主义美学思想的传统。
【语块必记】
on (the) one hand. . . on the other (hand). . . 意为 “一方面……另一方面……” , 常用来表述一个事物的两个方面, 通常用于引出不同的, 尤指对立的观点、思想等
for one thing. . . for another (thing). . . 意为 “首先……, 再者……”, 陈述的两个方面的情况常常一致
【语境速测】 选词填空
on the one hand. . . on the other hand. . . ; for one thing. . . for another. . .
①_______________, we have to develop the economy, but ________________, we
should be concerned about the environment. ?
②The dress is unfit for you. ____________, it is a bit too large for you; ___
_______, the color doesn’t suit you. ?
On the one hand
on the other hand
For one thing
for
another
7. in favour of 赞同, 支持
【写作金句】 Opportunities favour those who perform well under pressure.
机遇垂青于那些在压力下仍能表现优异的人。
【语块必记】
(1)in favour of 赞同, 支持
in sb. ’s favour 对某人有利; 有助于某人
(2)do sb. the favour to do sth. 给某人帮忙做某事
do sb. a favour/do a favour for sb. 给某人以恩惠; 帮某人一个忙
ask a favour of sb. = ask sb. a favour 请某人帮忙
(3)favour vt. 赞同; 喜爱, 偏爱; 有利于, 便于
(4)favourable adj. 赞同的; 肯定的; 给人好印象的
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①These are the running shoes ________(favour) by marathon runners.
②We had to ask the teacher to do us the favor _______(work)out the problem. ?
完成句子
③This candidate has a lot ____________, especially her experience of teaching. ?
这位求职者有很多优势, 尤其是她执教的经验。
④We are ___________the project, because _______________. ?
我们赞同这个工程, 因为它对我们有利。
favoured
to work
in her favour
in favour of
it is in our favour
8. point of view 观点
【文化金句】 From the history’s point of view, the Communist Party of China is the founder of New China.
从历史的角度看, 中国共产党是新中国的创立者。
【语块必记】
(1)表示 “我认为, 在我看来” 的结构:
from my point of view
in my opinion/view
as far as I’m concerned
(2)in view of 鉴于; 考虑到
in view 在视野范围内
come into view 看得见, 进入视野
have a good view of 清楚地看到; 饱览
【语境速测】
一句多译
就我个人而言, 我反对停车收费。
_________________, I object to charging for parking. ?
____________________, I’m against charging for parking. ?
=______________________, I have an objection to charging for parking. ?
In my opinion/view
From my point of view
As far as I am concerned
9. The first mammal to be cloned successfully from an adult cell was Dolly the sheep. ?
第一只成功地用成年动物细胞克隆出的哺乳动物是多利羊。
【文化金句】 China was the first country in the world to use the compass on sea-going ships.
中国是全世界第一个在海船上使用指南针的国家。
【句型公式】
(1)当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级等修饰时或前有next, only, last时, 常用不定式作后置定语。
(2)动词不定式作定语用来修饰的词是抽象名词, 常见的有: ability, chance, ambition, offer, anxiety, attempt, belief, way, plan等。
(3)表示将要发生的动作。
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①The guest is highly honored on such an occasion and is expected to be the
first _______(taste) the food served. ?
②This is my last chance _____(try) and pass the exam. ?
句式升级(用不定式作定语改写句子)
③For a student, studying is the first thing that he should consider while
appearance is the second.
→For a student, studying is the first thing ______________________________
______. ?
to taste
to try
to consider while appearance is the
second
10. If I had the chance, I would have a cloned baby right now. ?
如果我有机会的话, 我现在就会有一个克隆的孩子了。
【文化金句】 If the rulers of the Qing Dynasty had worked hard, China would have developed better.
如果清朝统治者励精图治, 中国会发展得更好。
【句型公式】 if引导的虚拟条件句的四种情况
(1)叙述与现在事实相反:
主句: would/could/might/should do;
从句: 过去式(be用were)
(2)叙述与过去事实相反:
主句: would/could/might/should have done;
从句: had done
(3)叙述与将来事实相反:
主句: would/could/might/should do;
从句: 过去式(be用were)/should do/were to do
(4)虚拟条件从句中可以把if省略, 把were, had或should放到主语之前。
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①I am sorry I am very busy just now. If I ____(have)time, I would certainly go
to the movie with you.
②If you _________(come) here a little earlier, you would have met the pop
star. ?
③I didn’t have enough money with me, so I didn’t buy the book. (句型转换)
→If I ____________________with me, I _________________the book. ?
④If he should come, tell him to ring me up.
→______________, tell him to ring me up. 世纪金榜导学号?
had
had come
had had enough money
would have bought
Should he come
【备选要点】
1. transform vt. 使改变外观或性质(尤指向好的方向); 使改变形态
【文化金句】 In this information age, science and technology has greatly transformed our way of life.
在这个信息时代, 科技大大改变了我们的生活方式。
【语块必记】
(1)transform. . . into. . . 使……变成……
transform into 转化成; 改造为
be transformed from. . . into. . . 由……变成……; 由……迁到……
(2)transformation n. (外观或性质的)改变, 变革
(3)(同义词)change. . . into, turn. . . into
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①The new haircut completely ___________(transform) her.
②When a camera was pointed at her, Marilyn would instantly transform
herself ____a radiant star.
③Since getting that job, he has been a ___________(transform) character.
transformed
into
transformed
2. hunger n. 饥饿; 饥荒
【文化金句】 In the feudal society, many ordinary people could die from cold and hunger due to the oppression of landlords. 在封建社会, 由于地主的压迫, 许多老百姓都可能死于饥寒交迫。
【语块必记】
(1)have a hunger for 渴望, 追求
(2) hungry adj. 饥饿的; 渴望的
be hungry for 对……渴望
(3)(同义词)be dying for; desire for; be eager for; starve for/long for
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①The area was so poor that even the dead rats in the street looked as though
they had died of _______(hungry).
②Susan was certainly hungry ___ a different life.
一句多译
③英国人非常渴望荒凉之地。
The English _____________________desolate places. ?
=The English _____________________desolate places. ?
= The English _____________desolate places greatly. ?
hunger
for
have a great hunger for
have a strong desire for
starve/long for
3. conduct vt. 指挥乐队; 导电; 实施, 进行; 引导
n. 行为举止
【语块必记】
conduct a survey/an experiment/an inquiry 进行调查/实验/咨询
conduct a concert 指挥一场音乐会
【语境速测】 写出黑体部分的含义
①Who is conducting the orchestra tonight? ( )
②Most metals can conduct electricity. ( )
③In new century we need to conduct new foreign trade policy to realize high-
speed development of our economy. ( )
④Knowledge is the candle to conduct you to the bright and true life. ( )
⑤From childhood, she tried to live by the teachings of her parents and
gradually accumulated a set of standards of conduct. ( )
指挥
导电
实施, 进行
引导
行为, 举止
完成句子
⑥He asked if he might ___________________which was to bring the proceeding
to an end. 他问是否可以带我们去舞会现场, 整个仪式将在那儿结束。?
conduct us to the ball
4. majority n. 多数, 大多数
【语块必记】
in a/the majority 占大多数
a/the majority of 大多数……
by/with a majority of 以大多数……
【误区释疑】
(1)the/a majority of+名词, 表示“大多数……”。谓语动词的数与of后面的名词相一致。
(2)the majority单独作主语时, 谓语动词用单复数均可。
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①____ majority of the students hold the view that it’s convenient to go to school
by electric bike. ?
②Surveys indicate that supporters of the policy are still __ the majority.
完成句子
③Besides, WeChat is to the taste of ___________________, especially the
youth, with its various functions. ?
此外, 微信因其多种多样的功能符合大多数人的需求, 尤其是年轻人。
The
in
the majority of people
核心素养测评十五 Unit 3 Science and nature
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
A
Supercomputers which can analyse blood samples and predict which patients are likely to become seriously ill could save tens of thousands of lives a year, it was revealed last night, according to The Daily Express.
The artificial intelligence (AI) system, developed at University College London and set to be piloted in NHS hospitals later this year, will screen “at risk” patients so doctors can take early action to prevent death or serious illness. Prof Young, a consultant surgeon at Southend University Hospital, said: “I am so excited about this form of technology. ”Instead of people getting sick or dying because they are not picked up in time, this will allow us to step in earlier which will save lives and an enormous amount of money. “I think the potential of AI in healthcare like this is as big as the Industrial Revolution was — and signals a completely new example in the way we manage healthcare. ”
The technology is the brainchild of Dr Vishal Nangalia, a consultant at the Royal Free Hospital in London. He used AI to analyse a billion stored blood samples from 20 different UK hospital trusts dating back up to 12 years. Computers assess blood test results by picking up subtle changes in red and white blood cells, suggesting a patient is going downhill.
He found the technique forecast outcomes of patients with kidney problems with up to 95 percent accuracy. Traditional methods highlighting serious patient concerns picked up as few as 16 percent of patients who went on to die. “This gives us the opportunity not only to save lives but to prevent serious illness, making the health service not only safer but more efficient. ” Prof Young said, “Instead of waiting for people to get worse, we will be able to treat them earlier. ”
【文章大意】本文是一篇科普类短文。文章主要介绍了超级计算机能够分析血样并预测哪些病人可能会患上重病, 每年可以挽救数万人的生命。
1. What does the underlined word “screen” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A. comfort. B. treat. C. spot. D. nurse.
【解析】选C。词义猜测题。根据文章第二段“so doctors can take early action to prevent death or serious illness. 以便医生能够及早采取行动, 预防死亡或严重疾病”, 可以猜测出, 人工智能将用于对高危病人进行“筛查”。此处screen意为“筛查”。故选C。
2. How do supercomputers help save lives?
A. By storing blood samples.
B. By analyzing patients’ cases.
C. By observing changes in blood cells.
D. By assisting doctors with their operations.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Computers assess blood test results by picking up subtle changes in red and white blood cells, suggesting a patient is going downhill. ”可知, 计算机通过检测红细胞和白细胞的细微变化来评估血液检测结果。故选C。
3. Why did Professor Young mention the Industrial Revolution?
A. To show the influence of AI.
B. To stress the importance of healthcare.
C. To introduce the topic of supercomputers.
D. To present the achievement he has accomplished.
【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据文章第二段“I think the potential of AI in healthcare like this is as big as the Industrial Revolution was — and signals a completely new example in the way we manage healthcare. ” 可知, 杨教授认为, 人工智能在医疗保健领域的潜力与工业革命一样大, 以此类比, 说明人工智能在医疗领域的影响力。故选A。
4. What do we know about the new technology?
A. It helps patients recover earlier.
B. It has helped save thousands of lives.
C. It will promote the health service greatly.
D. It is intended for patients with kidney diseases.
【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Instead of waiting for people to get worse, we will be able to treat them earlier. ” 可知, 这项技术将能够更早地治疗患者, 而不是坐等病情恶化, 从而推断, 人工智能这一科技帮助医生对疾病诊疗早预判, 早介入, 从而帮助挽救大量生命, 将大大促进医疗卫生服务。故选C。
B
(2020年山东新高考模拟)
Organic food is very popular. It is also expensive. Some organic food costs twice as much as non-organic food, but new parents and pet owners are willing to pay up to 200% more for organic food. However, there are people who think it is a waste of money.
There is one main difference between organic and non-organic food. Organic farms do not use agricultural chemicals, such as pesticides(杀虫剂). In many countries organic foods have special labels. These guarantee that the products are natural.
Some people think organic means locally grown. Originally this was true. Over time organic farming became more difficult. The demand for organic food grew larger than the supply. Small companies had to sell out to large companies. There weren’t enough organic ingredients(原料), such as grain and cattle. This made it difficult for many organic companies to stay in business. Today, many large companies have an organic line of products.
Is organic food more nutritious? This is part of the debate. Many farmers and consumers believe it is. They think agricultural chemicals cause health problems such as cancer. Many health professionals disagree. Few studies prove that organic foods prevent health problems. Health specialists worry more about bacteria(病毒), such as E. coli and salmonella. These can get into contact with organic and non-organic food. Doctors recommend washing produce very carefully. Handling meat carefully is important too.
Most people agree that naturally grown food tastes better. Is tastier food worth the extra money? This is a matter of opinion. Whether it is healthier or not may require more research. However, organic consumers argue it is better to be safe than sorry.
【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。主要从比较有机食物和非有机食物的角度, 来评判有机食物的价值。
5. What is probably the major concern of organic food consumers?
A. Price. B. Safety. C. Freshness. D. Variety.
【解析】选B。推理判断题。通读全篇可知, 文章提到了有机食物消费者担心其价格、生产、营养和安全, 根据文章最后一段中的“However, organic consumers argue it is better to be safe than sorry. ”可知, 消费者认为保证安全要比说抱歉更好, 所以安全是更令人担忧的。故选B。
6. What is the doctors’ suggestion?
A. Grow your own food.
B. Reduce the use of pesticides.
C. Make sure the food is clean.
D. Buy large companies’ products.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“Doctors recommend washing produce very carefully. Handling meat carefully is important too”可知, 医生建议仔细清洗农产品。小心处理肉类也很重要。故选C。
7. Which of the following do most people agree on organic food?
A. It tastes better.
B. It is easier to grow.
C. It contains more fat.
D. It is more nutritious.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据文章第五段中的“Most people agree that naturally grown food tastes better. ”可知, 大多数人一致认同天然种植的食物尝起来更好吃。故选A。
8. Where does this text probably come from?
A. A recipe book. B. A chemistry paper.
C. A medical report. D. A health magazine.
【解析】选D。推理判断题。通读全文可知, 本文的话题是有机食物, 不是从化学、医学等专业的角度去解读的, 而是从健康的角度, 故可能出自健康杂志, 故选D。
Ⅱ. 阅读填句
You’ve created an invention that will revolutionize the way the world works. 1 Applying for a patent is a good choice. But how to apply for a patent? 2 ?
Understand what a patent is.
3 It includes one or more “claims” to a single invention. As a rule, patents are issued only to the “first to file” a disclosure of a patentable invention in a patent application. Also, nobody is allowed to claim an invention they did not invent. ?
Write down your idea.
The act of writing will force you to define your invention, break down the invention into its elements, and think about variations of the invention. Written materials produced as a result will also be helpful for preparing a patent application. 4 For example, what problem does my invention solve? How does my invention actually work? ?
5 ?
Patents can only be applied for in the name of the actual inventor(s). You can apply for a patent individually or as a group. In some cases an employer can file an application in the name of former employees who were the inventors.
A. Follow the guide below.
B. Ask yourself these questions.
C. Know who can apply for a patent.
D. But how do you make your idea a reality?
E. Know what cannot be applied for a patent.
F. It takes a long time for an inventor to come up with a new idea.
G. A patent is a represented document issued by a government.
【文章大意】 本文介绍了申请专利的流程。
1. 【解析】选D。逻辑呼应。上一句说你有了一个能改变世界运作的重大发明创意, 下一句提到申请专利是个不错的选择。D项“怎样能把你的想法变成现实”符合题意。
2. 【解析】选A。首段最后一句起承上启下的作用, 引出下文申请专利的事情。
3. 【解析】选G。本段中心为专利的定义, G项“专利是由政府所颁发的认证文件”符合。
4. 【解析】选B。后文连接两个问句。根据下句B项“问一下自己这些问题”符合句意, “我的发明解决什么问题? 我的发明实际怎样运作? ”
5. 【解析】选C。本题处于小标题位置, 应该使用祈使句, 可缩小范围, 再根据段落大意, 介绍谁可以申请专利, 故选C。
Ⅲ. 语法填空
阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入1个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
If you 1. (watch) the film Avatar, you may wonder if Earth is the only habitable planet in the universe. Given the large number of the galaxies, many scientists hold the 2. (believe)that there is certainly extra-terrestrial life. But it seems we are having trouble 3. (find) them. ?
In August, NASA announced the discovery of a possible Earth-like planet. 4. (locate)31 light years away, it could support life. According to
5. New York Post, “it is located within the outer edge of its star’s habitable zone, 6. it receives about the same amount of stellar energy from its star as Mars does from the sun. Within the next six years, people
7. (be)able to experience the next generation of space probes, promising a far more 8. (detail) view of other 9. (planet), including their terrain and weather systems. Then we could answer a 1, 000-year-old question on whether we are alone 10. space. ”?
1. 【解析】have watched。考查动词时态。根据主句时态用的是一般现在时, if从句的动作发生在过去, 说话立足点是现在, 应用现在完成时。故填have watched。
2. 【解析】belief。考查名词。根据固定搭配hold the belief, 持有……信念。故填名词形式belief。
3. 【解析】finding。考查非谓语动词。根据have trouble doing sth. 固定短语, 故用动名词finding。
4. 【解析】Located。 考查非谓语动词。非谓语作状语时, 其逻辑主语跟句子主语一致, locate和it为动宾关系。故填过去分词located。
5. 【解析】the。考查冠词。New York Post为专有名词, 前面应加冠词。故填定冠词the。
6. 【解析】where。 考查定语从句。先行词zone表地点, 从句缺状语。故用关系副词where。
7. 【解析】will be。考查动词时态。根据时间状语Within the next six years, 应用一般将来时。故填will be。
8. 【解析】detailed。 考查形容词。名词view前应用形容词修饰。故应填形容词detailed。
9. 【解析】planets。考查名词复数。根据other, 后应加名词复数。故填planets。
10. 【解析】in。考查介词。在太空用介词in。
【知识拓展】佳词积累
1. habitable adj. 适宜居住的
2. given prep. 鉴于, 考虑到
3. galaxy n. 银河系
4. probe n. 探测器
【阅读填句】
Being Left-handed in a Right-handed World
The world is designed for right-handed people, but why does a tenth of the population prefer the left? 1 . ?
The answer to it remains a bit of a mystery. Since scientists have noticed that left-handedness tends to run in families, it’s assumed that left-handedness has a genetic(基因的) component to it. 2 . In fact, identical twins, who share the same genes, can sometimes prefer to use different hands. There are also plenty of theories on what else might determine which hand you write with, but many experts believe that it’s kind of random. ?
Historically, the left side and left-handedness have been considered a negative thing by many cultures. 3 . In some areas, the left hand became known as the “unclean” hand. In many religions, the right hand of God is the favored hand. For example, Jesus sits at God’s right side. God’s left hand, however, is the hand of judgement. Various activities and experiences become rude or even signs of bad luck when the left hand becomes involved. In some parts of Scotland, it is considered bad luck to meet a left-handed person at the start of a journey. 4 . A person giving directions will put their left hand behind them and even physically try to point with their right hand if necessary. In some Asian countries, eating with the left hand is considered impolite. ?
5 . People come to realize that left-handedness is natural. People even noticed that many famous people are left-handed including Benjamin Franklin, Leonardo Da Vinci, and Charlie Chaplin. Some researchers find out that lefties are more creative and can deal with abstract thinking better. The left-handedness is more easily adaptable to the right-handed world as well. Being left-handed is no longer a sad story now; instead, it is a wonderful gift or maybe it is something you should take pride in. ?
A. In other words, left-handers are born that way.
B. Left-handedness used to be regarded as a disability.
C. The unfavorable associations of the use of the left hand among cultures are varied.
D. Why do they prefer to use their left hand rather than their right hand for routine activities?
E. Why do some parents force their left-handed children to become right-handed when writing?
F. In Ghana, pointing, gesturing, giving or receiving items with the left hand is considered rude.
G. Fortunately, nowadays most societies and cultures no longer reject left-handedness like before.
【文章大意】本文是第一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了左撇子及其形成原因, 并讲述了往昔人们对于左撇子的态度和现在的改变。
1. 【解析】选D。空前的意思是: 这个世界是为右手的人设计的, 但是为什么十分之一的人更倾向于左撇子。所以这里选D(为什么他们更喜欢使用左手而不是右手用于日常生活? )与上下文一致。
2. 【解析】选A。空前的意思是: 科学家注意到左撇子的人有基因的成分在里面; 空后的意思是: 事实上有同样基因的双胞胎更倾向于使用不同的手。所以这里选A(换句话说, 左撇子出生就是那样。)与上下文一致。
3. 【解析】选C。 空前的意思是: 在许多文化背景下, 左撇子被认为是消极的, 不好的; 空后的意思是: 在一些地区, 左手被认为是不干净的手。所以这里选C(在各种文化中使用左手的不好的联想是不同的。)与上下文一致。
4. 【解析】选F。空前的意思是: 在苏格兰的一些地方, 常认为在旅途开始的时候遇到一个左撇子是倒霉的; 空后的意思是: 一个指方向的人会把他的左手放在背后, 甚至如果需要的话会用他们的右手指方向。所以这里选F(在加纳, 用左手指点、做姿势、给予甚至接受东西被认为是粗鲁的。)与上下文一致。
5. 【解析】选G。 空后的意思是: 人们意识到了左撇子很自然。所以这里选G(幸运的是, 现在许多社会和文化不再像以前一样反对左撇子了。)与上下文一致。
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
Many of you may have used Siri, a voice assistant of US tech company Apple. You only have to say “hey Siri” and it will answer to your command. However, we may be sacrificing our privacy to enjoy this convenience.
Apple’s Siri is not the only voice assistant to come under fire. In 2018, Alexa, a voice assistant developed by US tech company Amazon, recorded a private conversation between a couple and sent it to a stranger without their permission.
These issues deepened concerns that tech companies are infringing(侵犯) users’ rights of privacy. Many people have long feared that tech companies are listening and collecting data from private conversations, reported Forbes. Using this data, third party companies could then paint an accurate picture of users’ habits and preferences in order to serve them more targeted advertisements, or even worse, sell this private data.
Despite this risk, the popularity of voice assistant seems to be unstoppable. According to a report by Ovum, a London-based research firm, there will be almost as many voice assistants on the planet as people by 2021. “In the near future, everything from your lighting to your air-conditioning to your refrigerator, your coffee maker, and even your toilet could be wired to a system controlled by voice, ” commented The Atlantic.
To deal with the issue, Blake Morgan, reporter for The Atlantic, wrote, “All companies need to have messaging ready to explain to customers what they do with private data”. Daniel Blair, CEO of a virtual reality startup in Canada, told CBC News that people can change settings and limit how often the device is active in your home, and do some research before buying a device. “Even when we trust a company to protect our privacy, we should consider what’s being done behind the scenes and ask those holding the keys to help us understand it better, ” commented iMore, a Canada tech website.
【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道, 主要介绍了一些语音助手在给我们带来便利的同时也在侵犯我们的个人隐私。
1. What is the purpose of some voice assistants to record data form individuals?
A. To seek some kind of profit.
B. To bring users convenience.
C. To leave a good memory.
D. To send it to a stranger.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第三段Using this data, third party companies could then paint an accurate picture of users’ habits and preferences in order to serve them more targeted advertisements, or even worse, sell this private data. 可知利用这些数据, 第三方公司能够精确地掌握用户的习惯与偏好, 为用户提供更有针对性的广告, 甚至售卖这些私人数据。可知他们是为了谋取某种利益。故选A。
2. Why does the voice assistant enjoy popularity though it is risky?
A. Individuals can deal with the problem.
B. People have no choice but to use it.
C. It could bring much convenience.
D. It is encouraged by the government.
【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第四段可知, 尽管存在风险, 但在未来语音助手会越来越多, 随处可见。尤其根据everything from your lighting to your air-conditioning to your refrigerator, your coffee maker, and even your toilet could be wired to a system controlled by voice. 故选C。
3. What can be done to prevent the company from infringing our privacy?
A. The company should make it clear how they deal with private data.
B. Users can do some research before buying a device.
C. Limit the activeness of the device in our home.
D. All of the above.
【解析】选D。根据最后一段, 从公司、个人以及掌握关键信息的人等方面, 介绍了应如何防止信息被窃取。故选D。
4. This text is most probably taken from . ?
A. a text book B. a blog
C. a magazine D. a newspaper
【解析】选D。根据文章提到的好多通讯社可知本文是一篇新闻报道, 选自报纸。故选D。
【知识拓展】佳词积累
1. sacrifice vt. 牺牲
2. issue n. 问题
3. concern n. 担心
4. targeted adj. 有针对性的
Ⅱ. 完形填空
My head was so full of digital noise that my brain was about to explode. As a writer, I was 1 to admit my love of books had been replaced by a brain that simply could not sit still. So, this year I 2 to return to books before the Internet broke my brain. ?
My goal was 52 books. It seemed like an impossible 3 . A 400-page book will take the 4 person around eight hours to read. Finding the time to read was a challenge but I 5 it anyway. I treated my mind like a misbehaving child who needs some rules laid down. Then I read for an hour or two at a time without 6 each day. It was something I hadn’t done in years. ?
In The Distracted Mind, Larry Rosen says that the more we 7 spending time away from our electronic devices, the 8 and more focused we become. And this is what I found. Again, I would 9 bring myself back to the page, resisting the urge to reach for that screen. I took inspiration from a book On Quiet, in which the author 10 how buying a safe(保险箱)to lock away her family devices for long periods had opened up a space to reflect. ?
For me, finding that quiet time 11 finding time just to read. It was a delightful moment between me and my book when I ordinarily would have reached for my 12 . I read on the tram, in bed at night and on lunch 13 . ?
With my re-gained affection for books, I created a space 14 I could press pause and find inspiration, knowledge and 15 . In our fast-paced world, reading for the sake of reading is not selfish but a powerful way to slow down and be ourselves. ?
【文章大意】本文为记叙文。讲述了作者克服网络对自己的诱惑重新回归读书的经历, 这让作者放慢节奏, 留有时间来找到灵感, 获得知识和进行反思。
1. A. wise B. ashamed
C. cautious D. numb
【解析】选B。 作为一名作家, 作者羞于承认自己对书本的热爱已经被一个无法静止的大脑所取代。wise明智的; ashamed羞愧的; cautious谨慎的; numb麻木的。故选B。
2. A. determined B. happened
C. seemed D. hesitated
【解析】选A。 作者下定决心在网络毁掉自己之前回归读书。determine下决心; happen碰巧; seem似乎; hesitate犹豫。故选A。
3. A. standard B. choice
C. expectation D. task
【解析】选D。 作者给自己制订了读书计划, 这似乎是不可能完成的任务。standard标准; choice选择; expectation期待; task任务。故选D。
4. A. intelligent B. diligent
C. average D. gifted
【解析】选C。 一本400页的书要花普通人大约8个小时的时间来阅读。average person 意为“普通人”。intelligent聪明的; diligent勤勉的; average普通的, 正常的; gifted有天赋的。故选C。
5. A. received B. made
C. refused D. got
【解析】选B。 作者认为这尽管是一个挑战, 但他还是做到了。make it “成功完成某事”。 receive获得; make做到; refuse拒绝; get得到。故选B。
6. A. delay B. hesitation
C. permission D. disturbance
【解析】选D。 作者每天能不受打扰地读书一两个小时。delay耽搁; hesitation犹豫; permission许可; disturbance打扰。故选D。
7. A. avoid B. practice
C. admit D. imagine
【解析】选B。 我们练习远离电子设备的时间花得越多, 我们就会变得越平静, 越专注。avoid避免; practice实践, 练习; admit承认; imagine想象。根据句意可知选B。
8. A. calmer B. stronger
C. tougher D. luckier
【解析】选A。 读书能使我们平静和专注。calmer更安静; stronger更强; tougher更艰苦; luckier更幸运。故选A。
9. A. hardly B. violently
C. easily D. difficultly
【解析】选C。 作者能非常容易地让自己回归读书。hardly几乎不; violently激烈地; easily容易地; difficultly困难地。故选C。
10. A. describes B. predicts
C. classifies D. declares
【解析】选A。 书中作者描述了买一个保险箱来长期锁住家里的设备是如何打开一个空间来反思的。describe描述; predict预测; classify分类; declare宣布。故选A。
11. A. required B. suggested
C. meant D. differed
【解析】选C。 对作者来说, 找到安静的时间意味着找到时间来阅读。require需要; suggest建议; mean意味着; differ不同于。故选C。
12. A. wallet B. book
C. phone D. pen
【解析】选C。 作者已经抵制住手机等带来的网络诱惑了。故选C。
13. A. program B. menu
C. option D. break
【解析】选D。 作者每时每刻都在阅读, 在电车上, 在晚上, 在午休时。program节目; menu菜单; option选项; break休息。故选D。
14. A. that B. what
C. where D. how
【解析】选C。 作者营造了一个能够寻找灵感, 获得知识和进行反思的空间。where引导定语从句, 指代先行词a space, 在从句中作地点状语。故选C。
15. A. principle B. connection
C. hardship D. reflection
【解析】选D。 作者在读书中能够得到反思。principle原则; connection关系; hardship苦难; reflection反思。故选D。
【知识拓展】长难句分析
1. As a writer, I was ashamed to admit my love of books had been replaced by a brain that simply could not sit still.
分析: be ashamed to do sth. 羞于做某事; that引导定语从句。
翻译: 作为一名作家, 我羞于承认我对书本的热爱已经被无法静止的大脑所取代。
2. In The Distracted Mind, Larry Rosen says that the more we practice spending time away from our electronic devices, the calmer and more focused we become.
分析: that引导宾语从句; the more. . . the more. . . 越……越……
翻译: 拉里·罗森在《专注》中说, 我们花费越多的时间练习远离电子设备, 我们就会变得越平静, 越专注。
Ⅲ. 应用文写作世纪金榜导学号
假定你是李华, 你的英国朋友Peter听说现在在中国人工智能已经进入人们的日常生活, 包括旅游业。他来信询问你十一假期是否有这方面的体验, 请给他回信, 内容包括:
1. 随时随地手机支付;
2. 脸部识别入景区;
3. 邀请他来体验。
注意:
1. 词数80左右;
2. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯;
3. 开头和结尾已给出, 不计入总词数。
参考词汇: 人工智能artificial intelligence 脸部识别face recognition
Dear Peter,
I’m happy to hear from you. _______________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Yours truly,
Li Hua
【参考范文】
Dear Peter,
I’m happy to hear from you. Just as you’ve learned, artificial intelligence is now widely used in China. Here I’ d like to share with you what I experienced during the week-long National Day holiday.
When traveling, we were amazed at the changes and convenience brought by artificial intelligence.
First of all, wherever and whenever we went, we could use the mobile payment. More interestingly, we no longer had to get into tourist attractions with the ID card. We could do it through a face recognition app now, which really saved time so that we didn’ t have to wait in a queue. What an amazing experience!
I do hope you can come to China and experience all of this when you have spare time. Looking forward to your coming.
Yours truly,
Li Hua
Ⅳ. 读后续写
阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
Long ago, in a small Greek village, there lived a woman named Zahara. She had beautiful brown hair that wrapped around the world twice! Zahara wore a long yellow dress with beautiful pink flowers on the bottom that reached her ankles. One sunny day, she decided to take a walk in the Forest of Wonder.
“This forest is beautiful! ” Zahara thought to herself. “The trees are all so tall and healthy. All of the birds sing together like a chorus(合唱队). Now I know why animals love it here so much. ”
It was a hot day, and Zahara became very thirsty. As she continued walking, she discovered a stone well. Instead of containing a bucket and rope, the well had steps leading down to the bottom. Zahara climbed down the steps, and when she got to the bottom, she noticed a hidden hallway that led to a door. Curious, Zahara kept walking. Soon she found a door, which she opened to reveal a box that was tied shut. Suddenly, she heard a noise.
Thump! Squeek! Squeek!
“YIKES! ”
Luckily, it was just a mouse, but Zahara jumped like a kangaroo. “Silly mouse! ”
She proceeded to open the box slowly and carefully. “Oh. . . my. . . goodness! Diamonds! Diamonds! A box full of diamonds! I’m rich! ”
As Zahara continued to grab and hug handfuls of diamonds, Hades, the god of the underworld, overheard Zahara’s excited shouts. Hades was a greedy god, and he decided to take her diamonds away from her. He wanted to become rich and show all of the other gods his dangerous power.
So, Hades decided to steal Zahara’s diamonds. But Hades had a small problem. Although he could hear Zahara talking, he did not know her exact location or what she looked like. He only knew the general vicinity(附近地区)of Zahara and her diamonds.
注意: 续写部分分为两段, 每段的开头语已为你写好。
Hades set out to_________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
As soon as Hades entered the room_______________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
Hades set out to search for the woman named Zahara. He walked a long distance and almost gave up. However, one day he suddenly noticed a woman wearing a long yellow dress, singing a song happily, and her voice just sounded like Zahara’s. Therefore, he followed her. After she entered the house, he knocked at the door and asked if the woman had known Zahara. Because Zahara did not know it was Hades, and let Hades in without hesitation.
As soon as Hades entered the room, he saw the box full of diamonds lying at the corner of the house. The greedy god snatched it suddenly. The moment the woman saw that, she caught him hurriedly and shouted loudly, which called all the villagers up. As a result, Hades had to stop. Zahara begged him to give her diamonds, for her village was remote and poor, she wanted to give out all the diamonds to the villagers. In the end all the villagers got the diamonds and lived a happy life.
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