Module 5 A Lesson in a Lab
Section Ⅰ Introduction & Vocabulary and Speaking
能力提升
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
It was the end of the school term and my son Tom had less than three months left before he would finish his six years at high school.During that time he developed a love for basketball.Sadly, because of my work over the last twelve months, I had only been able to attend a few of his games; however, I was determined to get to his last game for the school term.
Tom's team led by just over 20 points at the end of the first half.The second half changed as the other team quickly came back.Tom's team started to miss an increasing number of shots.It was at that point that the coach called his first timeout.
The spectators (观众) became quiet as the coach spoke to them.He had the team standing in a half circle, but he squatted (蹲) down, looking up at them and giving some very clear instructions on what they needed to do in the last couple of minutes.As he stood up to allow the team to return to the court，I saw he gave some further words of encouragement to all of them.
You could see that he knew that the team was fighting to save the game and that he needed to lift their spirits.By squatting down he placed himself in a position where he was talking up to them, rather than down or at them, and as the players went back onto the court his words of encouragement served to lift their energy and spirits.
Well, Tom's team went on to win the final by 5 points. As I drove away I thought about what can happen to us all in our everyday life.One of my favourite quotes is about the half filled glass of water—“Is the glass half empty or half full？” Like the coach, the answer to this quote all depends on how you look at things.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。一个有半杯水的杯子究竟是半满的还是半空的呢？作者去观看儿子毕业前的一场篮球比赛时的所见所闻或许会给我们答案。
1．Why did the writer go to see his son play basketball?
A．Because his son would graduate from high school.
B．Because he felt sorry for never watching his son play.
C．Because it was a final his son played a key role in.
D．Because he had a strong interest in basketball himself.
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据文章第一段的第一句“It was the end of the school term...at high school.”并结合本段最后一句中的“however，I was determined to get to his last game for the school term”可推知A项符合文意。
2．By squatting down, the coach wanted to ________.
A．talk about where the players were doing wrong
B．make the players feel better
C．prevent spectators from hearing what he said
D．show his anger at the bad performance of the players
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“By squatting down he placed himself in a position where he was talking up to them，rather than down or at them”可知，教练蹲下与队员们说话是为了让他们感觉好一些。
3．What is the writer's attitude towards the coach?
A．Negative. B．Supportive.
C．Interested. D．Unconcerned.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的最后两句并结合孩子们在教练的鼓舞下赢了比赛这些细节，不难推断出作者是支持教练的，故B项符合文意。
4．What can we infer from the passage?
A．A father should care about his son at school.
B．Playing hard is rewarded with a close match.
C．What a coach says has the most influence on players.
D．Looking at things positively is important in hard times.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据本文的内容，尤其是教练在孩子们比赛失利时的表现，以及最后一段作者的感悟，可推知在困难时期，积极地看待问题是很重要的，故D项符合文意。
B
I remember the day when I first learned to ride a bike.It was a frightening, yet fun experience.My grandfather was the one who taught me, and he helped me when I got hurt.The first time I got on a bike, I had no idea what I was doing, and just felt everything went wrong.My grandfather told me to just put my feet on the pedals and start pedaling (骑自行车)．He also told me he would hold onto the back of the bike the whole time, yet he didn't.
As soon as I started trying to balance myself, he let go.I happened to look back just then.I was scared to death that I was going to fall and hurt myself.My mind went blank from pedaling，and I just wanted to get off.I forgot how to use the brakes (刹车)and fell right off the bike.Suddenly I cried，but my grandfather kept encouraging me to get up and try again, and after about 15 minutes, I finally stopped crying, got up and tried again.
As soon as I started pedaling again, my trousers got caught in the chain, and I fell flat on my face and hit my nose.Since that happened, my grandfather decided to call it a day and try again the next morning.The next morning I woke up bright and early, and very eager to try to ride my bike.My nose felt better, so I wasn't that afraid of falling any more.
Though I knew there were a lot of obstacles on the way to mastering the skills of riding a bike，I believed I could do well with my grandfather's help.After all，riding a bike was what I wanted to do eagerly.
【语篇解读】 这是一篇记叙文，作者讲述了自己学习骑自行车的经历，字里行间流露出对爷爷的感谢。
5．How was the author when he was on the bike first?
A．He didn't know where he would be going.
B．He thought everything around him was wrong.
C．He was at a loss about what and how to do next.
D．He put his feet on the pedals and started pedaling.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第一段的“The first time I got on a bike，I had no idea what I was doing，and just felt everything went wrong.”可知，作者初学骑自行车的时候，心里很紧张，不知道自己该干什么，故选C。
6．What does the underlined part in the passage mean?
A．Remember what happened this day.
B．Make the author feel happy.
C．Stop practicing bicycling.
D．Go on to ride a bike.
解析：选C 词义猜测题。根据文中画线部分后面的“try again the next morning”和上文提到的学骑自行车可知，爷爷决定这一天的练习到此为止，故选C。
7．What is the author's attitude towards his grandfather?
A．Supportive. B．Grateful.
C．Indifferent. D．Critical.
解析：选B 观点态度题。根据第二段中的“but my grandfather kept encouraging me”和尾段的“I believed I could do well with my grandfather's help”可知，作者非常感激爷爷的帮助，故选B。
8．Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A．The Experience I First Rode a Bike
B．The Difficulty I Met with Grandfather
C．The First Time I Got My Own Bike
D．The Great Moment I stayed with Grandfather
解析：选A 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，作者讲述了自己第一次骑自行车的经历，故选A。
Ⅱ.语法填空
Metals are very important in the world.Different metals have different 1._______ (use). For example, steel is used in cars, and iron is used in 2._______ (electricity) equipment.But above all, when we use metals,3.________ is very important to know 4.________ they react with different substances, such as water and oxygen.Otherwise they will keep the equipment from 5.________(work) well.The 6.________(react) of metals with these substances can 7.________( put ) in order.Potassium, sodium，calcium, magnesium, aluminium 8.________ zinc react most with oxygen, water or steam while copper and iron react 9.________ (little)．As we all know, if iron is heated in oxygen, it will react slowly but will not form 10.________ oxide.On the other hand, if it is put together with water or steam, there will be a partial reaction.
1．解析：考查名词复数。use意为“用处，用途”时，是可数名词，且空前有different修饰，故用复数形式。
答案：uses
2．解析：考查形容词。此处表示“铁被用于电气设备中”。空处在句中作定语，修饰名词equipment，故用形容词electrical，意为“与电有关的”。electric意为“电动的，带电的”。
答案：electrical
3．解析：考查代词。分析句子结构可知，此处代词it作形式主语，指代后面真正的主语“to know...”。
答案：it
4．解析：考查连接副词。此处表示“了解它们和不同的物质如何反应是非常重要的”。how意为“如何，怎么，怎样”，在句中引导宾语从句。
答案：how
5．解析：考查非谓语动词。keep sb./sth.from doing sth.是固定用法，意为“阻止某人/某物做某事”。
答案：working
6．解析：考查名词。空处在句中作主语，且根据空前的定冠词the可知，此处应用react的名词形式reaction。
答案：reaction
7．解析：考查动词的语态。此处表示“金属和这些物质的反应可以被有序排列”put...in order“把……按顺序排列”，是固定用法，此处句子的主语与put之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态，故填be put。
答案：be put
8．解析：考查连词。钾、钠、钙、镁、铝和锌与氧气、水或水蒸气反应最强烈。句中表示物质的六个名词是并列关系，故使用并列连词and连接。
答案：and
9．解析：考查副词的最高级。根据上文中的most可知，此处表示对比，铜和铁与氧气、水或水蒸气反应最不强烈。此处是最高级含义，故用least。
答案：least
10．解析：考查冠词。众所周知，如果把铁放在氧气中加热，它会缓慢反应，但是不会形成一个氧化物。此处的oxide为可数名词，且其发音是以元音音素开头的，故使用不定冠词an，表示“一个”。
答案：an
1．determined adj.有决心的
2．timeout n．暂时休息
3．quote n．引用
4．pedal v．骑自行车
5．obstacle n．障碍(物)；困难
Though I knew there were a lot of obstacles on the way to mastering the skills of riding a bike，I believed I could do well with my grandfather's help.
[分析] though引导让步状语从句，on the way to do sth.意为“做某事的路上”，with sb's help意为“在某人的帮助之下”。
[翻译] 尽管我知道在掌握骑自行车技能的过程中有很多困难，但我相信在祖父的帮助下我能做好。
课件19张PPT。Section Ⅰ Introduction & Vocabulary and Speaking 基 础 巩 固 能 力 提 升 语 篇 理 解 基 础 巩 固expandmixtureelectricitystageconclusionaimelectricalequipmentreactformbalancefloatfacilityboilput...in orderadd...to...used toin the area ofbe proud ofbe supposed togo aheadkeep...out offorty-nine times larger thanIt is hard to think ofThe closerthe more语 篇 理 解Iron in dry airIron in air-free waterIron in ordinary water能 力 提 升点 击 进 入Module 5 A Lesson in a Lab
Section Ⅱ Integrating Skills & Cultural Corner
能力提升
Ⅰ.七选五
How to Grow Plants in the Classroom
Growing plants in the classroom is an excellent way to get students excited about science!
Start with seeds in the classroom. 1 They can do this by putting seeds or beans in wet paper towels and then in a clear plastic bag.The seeds should begin coming out in a few days, which can give the students an idea of what is happening underground when plants begin to grow.
Continue with seeds in the classroom.At the same time as the seeds are beginning to come out, plant the same type of seeds in soil. 2 They can also predict how long it will be before the seeds come out and are seen above the soil.
3 A quick Internet search should let you know which plants are native to your area.This can connect the plant-growing in the classroom with natural history and other social studies lessons.Also, after growing the plants in your classroom, you can take the students on field trios to see where the plants grow naturally.
Explore the needs of plants. 4 You can know what they actually need by growing plants in the classroom and making observations along the way.
In all, growing plants in the classroom is sure to be an exciting science lesson. 5 They can train their creativity with their own gardens.
A．What do plants need to stay alive?
B．Grow native plants in your classroom.
C．Try to start an outdoor garden in your school.
D．Carrots and tomatoes can be grown easily.
E．Students of all ages learn more knowledge from growing things.
F．Students can learn about what is exactly happening under the soil.
G．For very young children, it is exciting just to see the seeds come out.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。在教室种植植物是一个让学生们对科学感兴趣的方法，本文给出了如何在教室种植植物的建议。
1．解析：选G 根据空后句中的“coming out”可知，G项“只是看到种子发芽就会让很小的孩子兴奋不已”符合语境。
2．解析：选F 根据空后的“can also predict”可知，选项F“学生能知道土壤下到底在发生什么变化”符合语境。
3．解析：选B 空后一句中的“native to your area”提示含有关键词native，故B项符合语境。
4．解析：选A 根据空前的“the needs”和空后的“what they actually need”可知，该处选A项。
5．解析：选E 根据空前的“in the classroom”和空后的“他们可以用自己的花园训练自己的创造力”可知，E项“各年龄段的学生都会从种植中学到更多的知识”符合语境。
Ⅱ.完形填空
The Blind Boy
A blind boy sat on the steps of a building with a hat by his feet.He held up a 1 which said, “I am blind, please help.”There were only a few 2 in the hat.
A man was walking by.He took a few coins from his 3 and dropped them into the hat.He 4 took the sign, turned it around and wrote some words.He 5 the sign 6 everyone who walked by would see the new words.
Soon the hat began to 7 .A lot more people were giving money to the blind boy.
That afternoon the man who had 8 the sign came to see 9 things were.The boy 10 his footsteps and asked，“Were you the one who changed my sign this morning? What did you write？”
The man said，“I only wrote the truth.I said what you said in a different way， 11 .” What he had written was“Today is a(n) 12 day and I cannot see it.”
Do you think the first sign and the second sign were saying the same thing?
13 ， both signs told people the boy was blind.But the first sign simply said the boy was blind.The second sign told people they were so 14 that they were not blind.
Should we be surprised that the second sign was more 15 ？Be thankful for what you have. 16 life gives you 100 reasons to cry, show life that you have 1, 000 reasons to 17 .Face your past without regret. 18 your present with confidence.Prepare for the 19 without fear.Keep the faith and 20 the fear.
1．A.cover B．sign
C．board D．note
解析：选B 根据4空后“took the sign”可知，此处用sign表示“标识”。cover盖子；board木板；note通知。都不符合语境。
2．A.cashes B．treasures
C．pennies D．coins
解析：选D 根据第二段中的“He took a few coins from his...”可知，此处应该用硬币coin。cash现金；treasure珠宝；penny便士。都不符合语境。
3．A.pocket B．can
C．backpack D．case
解析：选A 根据语境可知，这个人从自己口袋里拿出几个硬币投到帽子里，故pocket符合语境。can罐；backpack背包；case箱。都不符合句意。
4．A.still B．then
C．already D．yet
解析：选B 表示顺序，“之后，然后”用then。still仍然；already已经；yet然而。都不符合语境。
5．A.put on B．put out
C．put off D．put back
解析：选D 此处表示那个人拿起标识，转过来，写了几个字，然后再将其放回原处，故put back(放回原处)符合语境。put on穿上；put out扑灭；put off推迟。都不符合语境。
6．A.in case B．now that
C．so that D．as though
解析：选C 用so that引导目的状语从句，意为“以便让路过的人们都能看到。”。in case以防；now that既然；as though好像。都不符合语境。
7．A.mix up B．show up
C．fill up D．make up
解析：选C 此处表示帽子开始鼓起来(帽子里的钱多起来)，故fill up“填充”符合语境。mix up混合；show up出现，到场；make up组成，虚构。都不符合语境。
8．A.changed B．prepared
C．supported D．reached
解析：选A 此处表示改变了标识上那些字的那个人，change符合语境。
9．A.what B．why
C．where D．how
解析：选D 改动过标识上那些字的那个人来看情况如何，故用how引导宾语从句。
10．A.realized B．recognized
C．felt D．discovered
解析：选B 此处表示盲人小孩辨出了那个人的脚步声，故recognize“辨认出”符合语境。realize意识到；feel感觉；discover发现。都不符合语境。
11．A.though B．but
C．yet D．still
解析：选A 此处表示转折，though可放在句末表转折，故选A。
12．A.average B．successful
C．harmonious D．beautiful
解析：选D 句意为“今天天很美，我看不到”，故beautiful符合语境。average平均的；successful成功的；harmonious和谐的。都不符合语境。
13．A.After all B．In all
C．Of course D．Of all time
解析：选C 句意为“当然标识的两面都告诉人们男孩是一个盲人”，故选C。after all毕竟；in all总计；of all time有史以来。都不符合语境。
14．A.happy B．disappointed
C．lucky D．strange
解析：选C 句意为“第二个标识告诉人们他们是如此幸运，不是盲人”，故lucky符合语境。
15．A.effective B．brave
C．surprising D．scientific
解析：选A 此处表示第二个标识更加有效果，故effective符合语境。brave勇敢的；surprising令人吃惊的；scientific科学的。都不符合语境。
16．A.Once B．When
C．Where D．Because
解析：选B 此处用When引导时间状语从句，意为“当生活给你100个理由让你哭时，你就告诉生活，你有1 000个理由可以笑”。
17．A.smile B．exist
C．survive D．prove
解析：选A 根据上半句可知，此处用smile与cry相呼应。
18．A.Look into B．Search for
C．Deal with D．Depend on
解析：选C 要自信地应对当前，deal with符合语境。look into调查；search for搜寻；depend on依靠。都不符合语境。
19．A.tomorrow B．adventure
C．future D．sunrise
解析：选C 毫无畏惧地为未来准备好一切，故future符合语境。
20．A.preserve B．charge
C．lose D．drop
解析：选D 坚持信念，克服恐惧。此处drop“降低，克服”符合语境。preserve保存；charge索要；lose丢失。都不符合语境。
1．seed n．种子
2．predict v．预测
3．naturally adv.自然地
4．hold up 举起
5．regret n．遗憾
课件10张PPT。Section Ⅱ Integrating Skills
& Cultural Corner基 础 巩 固 能 力 提 升 基 础 巩 固aimsordinarystageformlecturesconclusionreactionequipmentastonishedmixtureofinTo findtheoutread→readingwhich→thatadded后加toThat→ItMixing→Mixed能 力 提 升点 击 进 入Module 5 A Lesson in a Lab
Section Ⅲ Grammar
能力提升
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Science experiments are a fun way for kids to learn all about science.I will introduce a few great experiments and teach your child all about the wonders of inertia (惯性)．
Coin Shoot
You'll need some coins, at least eleven, and a smooth table.Stack (堆叠) all but one of the coins on the smooth table, making sure that the “high rise” is straight.Coins with wide edges make this experiment easy to do.Flick (弹) the extra coin quickly towards the bottom of the stack so that it hits the bottom coin.The bottom coin from the stack should shoot out from under the other coins without changing the rest of the stack.With good aim and quick flicks of your finger, you should be able to shoot all of the coins out of the stack one by one.Because the inertia of the stack of coins is so great, the force from the flicked coin is not enough to make the entire stack move or fall down.
The Pencil Standing
Place a narrow piece of paper on a smooth table.Hold the paper so that most of it hangs off the table.Place a pencil on the paper so that it is standing straight.Now, slowly try to pull the paper out from under the pencil.What happens? Set up the paper and pencil again, and give the paper a fast pull.What happens to the pencil this time?
Since the still pencil wants to stay at rest, it will be against the fast movement of the paper.This means that when the paper is moved quickly out from under the pencil, the pencil remains standing straight.If the paper is moved slowly, the movement has a chance to influence the pencil, and it will fall down.
【语篇解读】 科学实验能够帮你直观地探索科学奥秘。本文教你如何了解惯性的存在。
1．Which of the following is used in both of the two experiments?
A．A narrow piece of paper.
B．A number of coins.
C．A smooth table.
D．A new pencil.
解析：选C 细节理解题。由第二段第一句和第三段第一句可知，两个实验中都用到了a smooth table。
2．What result can we get if we do the first experiment well?
A．The stack of coins fall down on the table.
B．The bottom coin is flicked out of the stack.
C．All of the coins are taken away from the table.
D．All of the coins are shot out of the stack one by one.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第二句可知，如果将这个实验做好，摞起来的硬币会一枚一枚地被击出。
3．Most of the paper hangs off the table so that ________.
A．we can pull it quickly
B．we can take hold of it
C．it can influence the pencil
D．the pencil can stand straight
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据第三段倒数第二句“Set up the paper and pencil again，and give the paper a fast pull.”可推知，这样放纸条是为了能够迅速地抽出纸条，故答案为A项。
4．If we pull the paper slowly out from under the pencil, the pencil will ________.
A．move slowly with the paper
B．stand straight on the table
C．be shot out from the table
D．fall down on the table
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据文章最后一句可知，如果慢慢地抽出铅笔下面的纸条，那么纸条就会影响到铅笔，铅笔就会倒在桌子上。
B
If you want to stay young, sit down and have a good think. This is the research finding of a team of Japanese doctors, who say that most of our brains are not getting enough exercise and, as a result, we are growing old unnecessarily soon.
Professor Taiju Matsuzawa wanted to find out why quite healthy farmers in northern Japan appeared to be losing their ability to think and reason at a rather early age，and how the speed of getting old could be slowed down.
With a team of researchers at Tokyo National University, he set about measuring brain volumes (脑量) of a thousand people of different ages with different jobs. Computer technology helped the researchers to get most exact measurements of the volume of the front and side parts of the brain, which have something to do with intellect and feelings, and decide the human character.As we all know, the back part of the brain, which controls the tasks like eating and breathing, does not contract (萎缩) with age.
Contraction of front and side parts—as cells die off—was seen in some people in their thirties, but it was still not found in some sixty and seventy-year-olds.
Matsuzawa concluded from his tests that there is a simple way to prevent the contraction—using the head.
The findings show that contraction of the brain begins sooner in people in the country than in the towns.“Those with least possibility，” says Matsuzawa, “are lawyers, followed by university professors and doctors.White collar workers doing the same work day after day in government offices are, however, as possible to have contracting brains as the farm workers, bus drivers and shop assistants.”
【语篇解读】 文章介绍了一项研究的发现：不经常用脑的人的大脑比经常用脑的人要萎缩得早。所以要想保持大脑的年轻，就要多使用大脑。
5．The team of doctors wanted to find out ________.
A．at what point people grow mentally old
B．how to make people live longer
C．the size of certain people's brains
D．which people are the most clever
解析：选A 主旨大意题。由第二段可知，这项调查是想弄清楚为什么人会在精神上变老，A项符合题意。
6．Their research findings are based on ________.
A．an examination of farmers in northern Japan
B．tests given on a thousand old people
C．examining the brain volumes of different people
D．using computer technology
解析：选C 细节理解题。由第三段第一句“With a team of...with different jobs.”可知，这项研究是建立在对1 000个人的脑量的检测的基础之上的。
7．The researchers' tests show that ________.
A．our brains contract as we grow older
B．one part of the brain does not contract
C．sixty-year-olds have better brains than thirty-year-olds
D．some people's brains have contracted earlier than other people's
解析：选D 细节理解题。由第四段的句子“Contraction of front and side parts—as cells die off—was seen in some people in their thirties...”可知，有的人的大脑萎缩得比其他人早。
8．The most possible conclusion of the passage is that ________.
A．most of us take more exercise
B．it's better to live in the town
C．the brain contracts if it is not used
D．the more one uses his brain, the sooner he becomes old
解析：选C 推理判断题。由倒数第二段的句子“Matsuzawa concluded from his tests that there is a simple way to prevent the contraction—using the head.”可推知，人的大脑不经常使用会萎缩。
Ⅱ.短文改错
(2019·成都七中高一月考)
Hello, boys and girls！Today，I am going to talk with what you should do when a fire alarm go off. If you hear the alarm，stood in line at the door and wait for your teacher lead you outside.Stay close to your teacher and classmate.Try to remain quiet and calmly instead of be in panic.Soon the firefighters will come and put out a fire.If it's a false alarm and there is no fire, your teacher will lead us back to the classroom.If you notice that when someone is missing or hurt, tell your teacher immediately.
答案：
Hello, boys and girls！Today，I am going to talk what you should do when a fire alarm off. If you hear the alarm， in line at the door and wait for your teacher lead you outside.Stay close to your teacher and .Try to remain quiet and instead of in panic.Soon the firefighters will come and put out fire.If it's a false alarm and there is no fire, your teacher will lead back to the classroom.If you notice that when someone is missing or hurt, tell your teacher immediately.
1．wonder n．奇迹
2．flick n．轻弹
3．unnecessarily adv.不必要地；不需要地
4．volume n．体积
5．conclude v．得出结论；推断
Professor Taiju Matsuzawa wanted to find out why quite healthy farmers in northern Japan appeared to be losing their ability to think and reason at a rather early age，and how the speed of getting old could be slowed down.
[分析] why与how引导两个宾语从句，由and连接。
[翻译] Taiju Matsuzawa教授想要找出为何在日本北部十分健康的农民在这么年轻就似乎在丧失他们思考和推理的能力以及如何减慢衰老的速度。
课件8张PPT。Section Ⅲ Grammar基 础 巩 固 能 力 提 升 基 础 巩 固betterlesstwicemore popularthehighermore tiredandfewereasiersome→anyclever→clevererelder→eldestthat→whattwice后加the能 力 提 升点 击 进 入课件18张PPT。Section Ⅳ 单元知识巩固重 点 单 词 withatto doaimlessdraw/come to/arrive at/reachmakeinconcludebalancekeep/lose/breakbalanced重 点 短 语 toupup toadditiondoingto doto doto have donesupposing/suppose重 点 句 型 The longerthe more tiredIt's necessary for you to have话 题 写 作
