(共69张PPT)
Unit 2 What is
happiness to you?
内容索引
核心素养测评
Step 1 以高考为导向·印证教材基础
Step 2 以核心为根本·探究课堂重点
Step 3 以检测为载体·提升语基能力
Step 4 以话题为主线·锤炼素养技能
【知识主线串记】
短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点, 请按要求补全短文, 并背诵体会黑
体部分用法。
Nowadays, more and more young people will go abroad to go after better
education. It can 1. ___________(predict) that they will suffer from culture
shock. Here I want to tell those who will go abroad for further study should
make full preparations. On one hand, they should be ready to live on 2. _____
(they) own, no parents 3. _____________ (accompany) them. Therefore,
be predicted
their
accompanying
they should adapt themselves quickly 4. __the new environment. On the other
hand, apart from 5. ___new environment, once they set foot on the new land,
they 6. _________________(surround) by strangers, which is a great challenge.
In my opinion, I think 7. _____ they should do is turn to their teachers or
classmates for help, who I think will assist them in 8. _______(solve) the
problems. ?
If you are one of them, you should face those challenges in good 9. ______
(spirit) and do not quit 10. ______(try).
Only if you have the stronger motivation can you accomplish the greater
goals.
to
the
will be surrounded
what
solving
spirits
trying
Part 1 考纲高频单词
1. surround vt. 围绕, 环绕
【文化金句】 The Forbidden City is surrounded by high walls.
紫禁城被高墙环绕着。
【语块必记】
(1)surround. . . with. . . 使……包围……
be surrounded by/with. . . 被……包围
(2)surrounding adj. 周围的
surroundings n. 环境, 周围的事物
【语境速测】
单句语法填空
①The businessman has to travel to the ___________(surround) cities to sell his
goods.
②Our area is a hilly area ___________(surround) on three sides by mountains.
③The ____________(surround) which a child grows up in may have an effect
on his development.
surrounded
surroundings
surrounding
句式升级(用with的复合结构提升句子)
④Because a park and a library surround the community, it’s really a good
place to relax and improve yourself.
→_______________________________________________, it is really a good
place to relax and improve yourself. ?
With a park and a library surrounding the community
【知识拓展】 be+过去分词+with结构
①be impressed with 给……留下深刻印象
②be equipped with 配备有……
③be crowded with 挤满……
④be covered with 被……覆盖
2. adapt vi. & vt. (使)适应; 改编
【写作金句】 What puzzles them is that it is difficult to adapt themselves to the senior school life.
使他们感到困惑的是, 他们很难使自己适应高中生活。
【语块必记】
(1)adapt oneself to 使自己适应
adapt. . . from. . . 根据……改编某物
be adapted for. . . 为……而改写/改编
(2)adaptable adj. 能适应的; 可修改的
adaptation n. 适应; 改编; 改写本
(3)(同义词)使自己适应: adjust oneself to. . . ; accustom oneself to. . .
【语境速测】 介词填空
①Not only has she adapted herself __ the fast rhythm of city life, but she is
becoming more and more outgoing.
②The TV plays adapted _____adventure stories caught the imagination of
many a young viewer.
③Three of her novels had been adapted ___TV series.
to
from
for
3. accompany vt. 陪伴; 陪同; 伴随; 为……伴奏
【文化金句】 If you form the habit of reading, reading can accompany your life!
如果你养成了阅读的习惯, 阅读就能和你相伴一生!
【语块必记】
accompany sb. =keep sb. company 陪伴某人
accompany sb. to sp. 陪伴某人去某地
accompany sb. at/on 为某人伴奏
be accompanied by. . . 由……陪同/伴奏
accompany with 伴随着, 兼带着
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①From my own perspective, however busy parents are, they should make
time ____________(accompany) their children. ?
②____________(accompany) by us, the old people will surely enjoy themselves
and feel very happy.
③While she was singing on the stage, her mother was accompanying her _____
the piano.
④A group of young pioneers always accompany the disabled girl __ school.
to accompany
Accompanied
at/on
to
4. quit (quit/quitted; quit/quitted)
vi. & vt. 停止; 放弃; 离开
【文化金句】 The aim of the Hope Project is to prevent some students from quitting school due to poverty.
希望工程的目的就是阻止一些学生因贫困而辍学。
【语块必记】
quit office/school/one’s job 离职/退学/辞掉工作
quit (doing) sth. 停止(做)某事
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①My uncle hasn’t been able to quit ________(smoke), but at least he has cut
down.
②In their opinion, parents _______(quit) their jobs to accompany students will
add economic pressure to family.
③Some students in our class are persuaded to give up playing football to focus
on their studies. (同义句转换)
→Some students in our class are persuaded to __________________to focus on
their studies. ?
smoking
quitting
quit playing football
完成句子
④If you really want my advice, I don’t think you should __________(退学). ?
quit school
5. instant adj. 即食的; 方便的; 立刻的n. 瞬间; 片刻
【写作金句】 In an instant the rain stopped and the sky cleared up.
须臾之间, 雨过天晴。
【语块必记】
(1)for an instant 一瞬间
in an instant 一会儿, 马上, 立刻
the instant. . . 一……就……
(2)instantly adv. 马上, 立即 conj. 一……就……
(3)“the+瞬间名词”表示“一……就……”的还有the minute/moment/second等
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①With a sensor that can scan the code, a staff member can ________(instant)
collect the panda’s basic information—its name, age and health records.
②Moreover, you should turn to your teachers or parents for help ___ instant
you can not handle it yourself.
③他一辍学就帮助父亲打理自家的生意。(一句多译)
He assisted his father in operating their own business ______________________.
(instant)?
=He assisted his father to operate their own business ____________________.
(instantly) 世纪金榜导学号?
instantly
the
the instant he quit school
instantly he quit school
Part 2 重点短语句式
6. apart from prep. 远离; 和……不在一起; 除了
【文化金句】 Apart from the historical factor, developments of the human society here also played an important role. 除了历史因素外, 人类社会的发展在这里也起了重要作用。
【语块必记】
(1)except/except for 除……之外(不包括)
besides/as well as/in addition to 除……之外(包括)
(2)take sth. apart 将……拆卸开
tell. . . apart 把……区别/分辨开
fall apart 破裂, 断裂, 散开
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①Apart _____common forms like jogging, doing physical exercises, and Tai
Chi, the most popular form nowadays is the square dancing.
②______both of the above, is there any other aspect that I need to consider
when choosing majors?
完成句子
③______________________________________(除……之外还) my studies, I
got involved in lots of extracurricular activities. ?
④She usually goes to work by bike ________________(除了) on rainy days. ?
from
Except
Apart from/In addition to/Besides/As well as
apart from/except
7. I have received letters from so many people, all expressing their concern. 我收到了许多人的来信, 所有的人都表达了他们的关心。?
【写作金句】 There being no bus, we had to walk home after the party.
由于没有公共汽车, 聚会结束后我们只好走回家。
【句型公式】
(1)常见的独立主格结构:
名词/代词+现在分词(主动、进行)/过去分词(被动、完成)/不定式(将来)/形容词/副词/介词短语
(2)独立主格结构在语意上相当于一个句子, 一般用逗号与句子主体部分隔开, 其逻辑主语与句子的主语不同, 它独立存在, 常在句中作状语。
【误区释疑】 在 “名词+介词短语” 构成的独立主格结构中, 如果逻辑主语与介词短语中的名词都是单数名词, 在这些名词前习惯上不用冠词。如:
The soldiers dashed in, rifle in hand.
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①Winter _______(come), it gets colder and colder.
②His homework _______(finish), he went out to play basketball with his friends.
同义句转换
③If weather permits, we will go to the Great Wall tomorrow.
→__________________, we will go to the Great Wall tomorrow. ?
④Because her glasses were broken, she couldn’t see the words on the
blackboard.
→_________________, she couldn’t see the words on the blackboard. ?
coming
finished
Weather permitting
Her glasses broken
⑤Because such an able man helps you, you will surely succeed sooner or later.
→__________________________, you will surely succeed sooner or later. 世纪
金榜导学号?
Such an able man to help you
8. All I had to do was go to school and spend a few hours studying when I came home. ?
我要做的就是去上学, 以及回家后再学习几个小时。
【文化金句】 What we want to do is introduce Chinese traditional culture through this activity.
我们想要做的就是通过这种活动介绍中国传统文化。
【句型公式】
(1)当不定式在系动词后作表语时, 如果主语部分带有实义动词do(包括do的任何形式), 可以省去不定式符号to。
(2)一些含有but的固定搭配, 如can not help but, can not choose but, can not but等结构中, but后面跟不带to的动词不定式。但have no choice but to do sth. (除了……别无选择)
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①What you do is ____(find)a nearest mobike through the APP, scan the QR
code on the bike, and enjoy your trip.
②I had no choice but ________(follow) them, getting my shoes wet and dirty
with mud. ?
③His plan is _____(set) up another bookstore in the street. ?
find
to follow
to set
【备选要点】
1. assist vt. 帮助, 协助
【写作金句】 We shall do our best to assist those in trouble to overcome their difficulties.
我们将尽力帮那些有麻烦的人克服困难。
【语块必记】
(1)assist (sb. ) to do/in doing sth. 帮助(某人)做某事
assist sb. with sth. 帮助某人某事
(2)assistance n. 帮助, 援助
ask for one’s assistance 请求某人帮忙
come/go to sb. ’s assistance 来/去帮助某人
with the assistance of 在……的帮助下
(3)assistant n. 助理, 助手
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①As it’s our first time in England, we do hope you can send an ________(assist)
to go around with us during our stay there.
②I hope you can give me _________(assist)in this problem and thank you in
advance.
③The Chinese government has paid great attention to ________(assist) poor
areas to develop education.
④The public is urgently requested to assist police __ tracing this man.
assistant
assistance
assisting
in
2. go after 追求; 谋求
【写作金句】 There is no doubt that going after a higher position is everyone’s goal.
毫无疑问, 追求更高的位置是每一个人的目标。
【语块必记】
【语境速测】 写出黑体部分的含义
①If you don’t go after what you want, you’ll never have it. ( )
②When things go against his idea, he threatens to leave. ( )
③Many people went in for writing, music, dramatics and other similar
activities. ( )
④She went through untold hardships in her childhood. ( )
⑤A woman police officer was going over the girl in a small room when the
telephone rang. ( )
追求
违背
爱好
经历
检查
3. accomplish vt. 完成; 实现
【文化金句】 Scientists have accomplished great advances in exploring outer space.
科学家们在探测外层空间方面取得了巨大的进展。
【语块必记】
(1)accomplishment n. 完成; 成就; 成绩
(2)accomplished adj. 完成的; 才华高的; 熟练的
be accomplished in 擅长; 精通
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①They have made distinguished _______________(accomplish) in many fields
which used to be only the men’s dominion.
②She is an ____________(accomplish) painter and a prolific author of stories
for children.
③Now he has become quite accomplished __ this field.
accomplishments
accomplished
in
4. thankful adj. 感激的, 感谢的
【文化金句】 I would feel good about what I have accomplished, and thankful to everything around me.
我会对已有的成绩感到满意, 对周围的一切心存感激。
【语块必记】
(1)be thankful/grateful to sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事而感激某人
(2)thankfully adv. 感激地; 感恩地; 感谢地
(3)thank sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事而感激某人
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①If you can give the chance to me, how I’m thankful __ you.
②I was ________(thank) to Mr Zhou, because he not only helped me with my
lessons, but also he helped me to restore my confidence.
③__________(thankful), we had the last laugh when that French fellow scored
the winner.
to
thankful
Thankfully
一句多译
④我很感激你的帮助, 没有你的帮助对我来说会更加困难。
I __________________________________, without which it would have been
much more difficult for me. ?
=I __________________________, without which it would have been much
more difficult for me. ?
am really thankful to you for your help
really thank you for your help
5. predict vt. 预言, 预告, 预报
【写作金句】 It’s hard to predict what it will happen in the future. 很难预见未来会发生什么。
【语块必记】
(1)It is/was predicted that. . . 据预测……
(2)prediction n. 预测; 预料
make a prediction 作出预测/预料
(3)predictable adj. 可以预测的
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①It __________(predict)that the number will continue to rise and by 2020, as
many as 300, 000 such cars will be put into the market. ?
②I was asked to contribute to a newspaper article making __________(predict)
for the new year.
③The international attention those events have attracted is hardly what a
__________(predict) country would have wanted.
is predicted
predictions
predictable
6. motivation n. 动力; 动机
【文化金句】 You’d better first give the children the motivation to study and then teach them.
你首先得激发孩子们的学习兴趣, 然后再去教他们。
【语块必记】
(1)give sb. the motivation to do sth. 给某人做某事的动机
(2)motivate vt. 成为……的动机; 促进; 激发
motivated adj. 有动力的; 有积极性的
【语境速测】 完成句子
①It can be your _______________(内在动力)when you need it. ?
②He _______________(受……驱使) love, and expected nothing in return. ?
③I ________________________(给他们做……的动机) step outside their
comfort zones and act on what they knew. ?
inner motivation
was motivated by
gave them the motivation to
7. junior adj. 青少年的; 地位(或职位、级别)低下的
【写作金句】
Generally speaking, females are not junior to males in wisdom. 一般来说, 女性的智慧并不比男性低。
【语块必记】
【语境速测】 完成句子
①Textbooks for _____________are provided for free in China. 中国为初中学
生免费提供教科书。?
②You shouldn’t look down upon those employees who ___________you. ?
你不应该瞧不起那些比你级别低的员工。
③一句多译
She is ________________to me. ?
=She is ____________three years. ?
=She is ______________three years. 她比我小三岁。?
junior students
are junior to
three years junior
my junior by
junior to me by
8. advocate vt. 拥护; 支持; 提倡 n. 提倡者, 拥护者
【文化金句】 Since its entry into the WTO, China has strongly been advocating free trade.
自进入世贸以来, 中国一直坚定地践行自由贸易理念。
【语块必记】
(1)advocate (doing) sth. 主张(做)某事
advocate that. . . (should) do sth. 主张……
It is advocated that. . . 有人提倡/主张……
(2)an advocate of. . . ……的提倡/支持者
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①Many experts advocate _________(reward) your child for good behaviour.
②The report advocated that all buildings _______________(fit) with smoke
detectors. ?
③It is _________(advocate) that everyone live a low carbon life.
rewarding
(should) be fitted
advocated
9. talent n. 天资; 天赋; 天才
【写作金句】 He is not only a genius in mathematics, but also a man of many talents.
他不仅是个数学天才, 还是个多才多艺的人。
【语块必记】
(1)show talent/gift for 在某方面显示出天赋
have a talent /gift for 有……天赋
have a talent /gift to do sth. 有做某事的天赋
(2)talented adj. 有才能的; 有天赋的
be talented/gifted in. . . 在……方面有天赋
【语境速测】 完成句子
①He is _____________(有才能的人), but few know of him. ?
②Annie’s performance _______________________________(显出她独特的音乐
才华). ?
③Taureans(金牛座的人)enjoy beauty and often ______________(有……才能)
creating art or music. ?
④Because he studied hard and was _____________(有艺术天赋), he earned
himself a good reputation as a painter by the time he was 20 years old. ?
a talented man
showed her unique talent for music
have a talent for
talented in art
10. in good spirits 心情好
【文化金句】 During the Spring Festival in China, a lot of people got together, singing and dancing. They were all in good spirits and had a good time.
中国的春节期间, 许多人聚在一起载歌载舞, 开心愉快。
【语块必记】
in high spirits 情绪高昂
in low/poor spirits 情绪低落
keep up one’s spirits 振作精神
lift one’s spirits 提高某人的士气; 使某人高兴
【误区释疑】 spirit作 “精神, 情绪” 讲时, 在句中要以复数形式出现, 如以上短语均为spirits。
【语境速测】 完成句子
①Such a positive attitude towards life can be helpful in ________________(提高
你的士气). ?
②When you are ____________, think of these inspiring stories and you’ll _____
_____________. 当你情绪低落时, 想想这些励志的故事, 你将会振作起来。?
lifting your spirits
in low spirits
keep
your spirits up
11. on one’s own 独自, 单独; 独立地
【写作金句】 His parents couldn’t afford his school, so he studied these subjects on his own.
他父母负担不起他的学费, 所以这些课程他都是自学的。
【语块必记】
of one’s own 自己的
hold one’s own 没有失败/恶化
【误区释疑】
(1)own在任何语境中, 前面都要有名词所有格或者形容词性物主代词来修饰。
(2)own也可以用作动词, 意为“拥有”。
【语境速测】 完成句子
①Autonomous learning is the ability to take charge of _________learning. ?
自主学习就是学习者对自己的学习负责的能力。
②He had a hard time after the operation, but soon he was ______________. ?
他在手术后有一段艰苦的时期, 但很快就好了。
③What’s more, they will be able to learn how to solve problems ___________. ?
此外, 他们将会学会如何独自解决问题。
one’s own
holding his own
on their own
核心素养测评十七 Unit 2 What is happiness to you?
(限时35分钟)
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
A
Rich as a King
WilliamⅠ, who conquered England some 930 years ago, had wealth, power and an army. Yet although William was very rich by the standard of his time, he had nothing like a flush toilet (抽水马桶), paper towels, or riding lawn mower (除草机). How did he get by? ?
History books are filled with wealthy people who were poor compared to me. I have storm windows, Croesus did not. Entire nations trembled before Alexander the Great, but he couldn’t buy cat food. Czar Nicholas lacked an electric saw.
Given how much better off I am than so many famous dead people, you’d think I’d be content. The trouble is that, like most people, I compare my wealth with that of living people: neighbors, school classmates, famous TV people. The greed I feel toward my friend Howard’s new kitchen is not reduced by the fact that no kings ever had a refrigerator with glass doors.
There is really no rising or falling standard of living. Over the centuries people simply find different things to feel sad about. You’d think that simply not having disease would put us in a good mood, but no, we want a hot bath too.
Of course, one way to achieve happiness would be to realize that even by today’s standards the things I own are pretty nice. My house is smaller than the houses of many investment bankers, but even so it has a lot more rooms than my wife and I can keep clean.
Besides, to people looking back at our era from a century or two in the future, these bankers’ fancy counter tops and my own worn Formica will seem equally shabby. I can’t keep up with my neighbors right now. But just wait.
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章通过将过去的历史人物和目前的生活进行对比, 得出我们要学会对当今的生活感到满足的感悟。
1. What does the underlined phrase “get by” in the first paragraph mean?
A. Succeed as a king.
B. Deal with complains.
C. Get some extra money.
D. Live in a satisfactory way.
【解析】选D。词义猜测题。根据上文Yet although William was very rich by the standard of his time, he had nothing like a flush toilet, paper towels, or riding lawn mower. (尽管按照当时的标准来看, 威廉非常富有, 但他却没有抽水马桶、纸巾和割草机。)再结合下文I have storm windows, Croesus did not. Entire nations trembled before Alexander the Great, but he couldn’t buy cat food. Czar Nicholas lacked an electric saw. (我有防风窗, 克罗伊斯没有。整个国家都在亚历山大大帝面前战栗, 但他却买不到猫食。沙皇尼古拉没有电锯。)作者列举了过去的历史人物和现在的生活设备相对比, 是为了突出古人和现在的人对生活的满足方式不同, 故get by此处应理解为“过一种令人满意的生活”。故选D。
2. How many historical figures are mentioned to compare lives in the past and present?
A. 3. B. 4. C. 5. D. 6.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。第一段提到了WilliamⅠ, 第二段提到了Croesus, Alexander the Great与Czar Nicholas, 故文章一共提到了四位历史名人来对比过去和现在。故选B。
3. According to the passage, the author intends to . ?
A. tell us to be content with life
B. warn us to live in a simple way
C. teach us to learn lessons from life
D. encourage us to struggle for wealth
【解析】选A。目的意图题。根据倒数第二段Of course, one way to achieve happiness would be to realize that even by today’s standards the things I own are pretty nice. 可知作者认为获得幸福的一个方法就是意识到即使以今天的标准来衡量, 我拥有的东西也是相当不错的。即作者想要告诉我们要对生活感到满足。故选A。
4. What’s the author’s attitude towards life?
A. Doubtful. B. Optimistic.
C. Uncaring. D. Cautious.
【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据倒数第二段Of course, one way to achieve happiness would be to realize that even by today’s standards the things I own are pretty nice. 可知作者认为获得幸福的一个方法就是意识到, 即使以今天的标准来衡量, 我拥有的东西也是相当不错的。可知作者是一个积极乐观的人。故选B。
【知识拓展】佳词积累
1. be filled with 充满……
2. compared to 与……相比
3. better off 境况较好的
4. in a good mood 心情好
5. look back 回顾
6. keep up with 跟上; 保持; 不落后
B
University of New South Wales has launched its new 12-month Women in Maths & Science Champions Program designed to give women the skills and confidence to build their public recognition and set up a connected network of women in maths and science. The first group of 30 female PhD students started in August this year, and the second group of 19 early-career researchers was formally announced yesterday.
Over the 12 months, the champions complete at least 20 hours of related activities as part of a community of representatives who will influence and inspire women to pursue a career in maths and science. The activities are varied, ranging from visiting schools and conducting science presentations to attending conferences and creating content for social media. At the end of the program, PhD champions have the chance to apply everything they’ve learned to the Postgraduate Research Competition. Above all, participating is a requirement for program completion.
Rose O’Dea, a member of the first group, is a PhD candidate at the School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences. She said, “I’m excited about the opportunity to work with school children. I hope to inspire some girls so they see not all scientists are older men in lab coals and that science is quite diverse and means different things depending on who you are. ”
Dr. Mariana Mayer Pinto is an early-career researcher at the School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, where she mainly works with marine (海洋的) ecologists. She is originally from Brazil and said that being a woman from a developing country meant she knew the struggles that lack of role models can create. “You can’t be what you can’t see! I always have the hope that I can change the world bit by bit, and if one little girl says she can become a scientist because I talked to them, that would be awesome, and that would make everything worth it. ”
【文章大意】本文讲述了新南威尔士大学推出了为期12个月的“数学与科学女性冠军”项目, 旨在让女性获得技能和信心, 建立自己的公众认知度, 并建立一个女性在数学与科学之间的联系网络, 从而提高女性对数学和科学的参与度。
5. What is the program intended to do?
A. Test female PhD’s learning results.
B. Promote the equality of men and women.
C. Set up an organization for women scientists.
D. Improve women’s participation in maths and science.
【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第一段中University of New South Wales has launched its new 12-month Women in Maths & Science Champions Program designed to give women the skills and confidence to build their public recognition and set up a connected network of women in maths and science. 可知, 新南威尔士大学推出了为期12个月的“数学与科学女性冠军”项目, 旨在让女性获得技能和信心, 建立自己的公众认知度, 并建立一个女性在数学与科学之间的联系网络, 由此可知, 这个项目的目的是提高女性对数学和科学的参与度。故选D。
6. What is required if a participant wants to complete the program?
A. To persuade at least one female to take up science.
B. To participate in at least 20 hours of related activities.
C. To apply what they have learnt to their graduation paper.
D. To work as a representative to give presentations.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第二段中Over the 12 months, the champions complete at least 20 hours of related activities as part of a community of representatives who will influence and inspire women to pursue a career in maths and science. “在过去的12个月里, 作为一个代表团体的一部分, 冠军们完成了至少20个小时的相关活动, 这些代表团体将影响和激励女性从事数学和科学方面的职业。”可知, 如果学员想完成课程, 需要参与至少20小时相关活动。故选B。
7. What does Rose O’Dea think about science?
A. Varied. B. Inspiring.
C. Unchangeable. D. Exciting.
【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第三段中I hope to inspire some girls so they see not all scientists are older men in lab coals and that science is quite diverse and means different things depending on who you are. “我希望能激励一些女孩, 让她们看到, 并不是所有的科学家都是实验室里的老男人, 科学是非常多样化的, 并且意义不同, 这取决于你是谁。”可知, 罗丝·奥黛认为科学是“多样化的”。故选A。
8. What’s the purpose of the last paragraph?
A. To share how family background matters.
B. To show the overall results of this program.
C. To add an example of how a participant feels.
D. To tell of role models to encourage female students.
【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据最后一段中You can’t be what you can’t see! I always have the hope that I can change the world bit by bit, and if one little girl says she can become a scientist because I talked to them, that would be awesome, and that would make everything worth it. “你不可能成为你看不到的人! 我一直希望我能一点一点地改变世界, 如果一个小女孩因为我和他们交谈过后, 说她能成为一名科学家, 那将是了不起的, 那将使一切都值得。”可知, 最后一段的目的是添加一个参与者感受的例子。故选C。
【知识拓展】长难句分析
University of New South Wales has launched its new 12-month Women in Maths & Science Champions Program designed to give women the skills and confidence to build their public recognition and set up a connected network of women in maths and science.
分析: 本句为简单句。designed to give women the skills and confidence是过去分词作定语修饰宾语its new 12-month Women in Maths & Science Champions; to build their
public recognition and set up a connected network of women in maths and science是并列的动词不定式短语作目的状语。
翻译: 新南威尔士大学推出了为期12个月的“数学与科学女性冠军”项目, 旨在让女性获得技能和信心, 建立自己的公众认知度, 并建立一个女性在数学与科学之间的联系网络。
Ⅱ. 完形填空
Being jobless for the last three months, I am upset nowadays. My son has lost his 1 from a good school and he might have to go to a less qualified school. I have moved from a spacious (宽敞的) apartment to a small one in order to 2 my living expenses. My wife has built extra stress. On top of that, my father-in-law passed away a week ago, which has added fuel to fire, 3 our family into a more terrible state. ?
In these circumstances I have two mental 4 : either to feel upset and keep losing my peace of mind, or replace my negative thoughts with super mental powers about self-confidence and consistency, and 5 applying for new jobs with a positive attitude. ?
I choose the second option because I believe that the pain I am 6 today will build up my character. My strengths will then increase my confidence and make me a 7 man one day. I understand that good and bad stages are part of 8 . While good times make me happy, bad times 9 the ’inner’ me. ?
Two months later, fortunately, I have finally landed on a job which is very exciting and offers a nice salary. Time has healed my wife’s mental stress 10 the death of her father. My son has already been accepted by another good school because the admissions for new academic year were still 11 ! ?
As I am back on the track of normal life, I can 12 say that the most important things that helped me 13 the crisis (危机) were my consistent character of patience, and 14 attitude towards life. So, while I wish you all the best life can offer you, I would highly recommend taking the same attitude towards life 15 you are trapped in any of such situations. ?
【文章大意】本文属于夹叙夹议文, 介绍作者在危机重重的时候依然保持对生活积极乐观、坚持的态度, 最终成功渡过难关, 说明了保持积极态度的重要性。
1. A. admission B. benefit
C. diploma D. permission
【解析】选A。admission录取; benefit好处; diploma文凭; permission允许。根据本句后文he might have to go to a less qualified school. 可知, 作者的儿子没有被好学校录取。故选A。
2. A. share B. reduce
C. break D. raise
【解析】选B。share分享; reduce减少; break打破; raise筹集。根据前文Being jobless for the last three months可知, 作者三个月没有工作了, 因此要减少开支, 故选B。
3. A. putting B. finding
C. forming D. lifting
【解析】选A。put放; find发现; form形成; lift举起。根据前文可知, 作者失业, 为了减少开支, 搬到小房子, 岳父的去世加剧了家庭的困境。故选A。
4. A. problems B. concerns
C. choices D. activities
【解析】选C。problems问题; concerns担忧; choices选择; activities活动。根据本句either. . . or结构可知, 作者面临两个选择。故选C。
5. A. regret B. stop
C. keep D. risk
【解析】选C。regret后悔; stop停止; keep继续; risk冒险。根据文章可知, 作者作出了积极的选择: 继续以积极的态度找新的工作。故选C。
6. A. practicing B. suffering
C. producing D. relieving
【解析】选B。practice练习; suffer遭受; produce生产; relieve缓解。根据文章可知, 作者面临各种艰难。故选B。
7. A. careful B. hard-working
C. easy-going D. successful
【解析】选D。careful仔细的; hard-working努力工作的; easy-going平易近人的; successful成功的。根据文章可知, 作者相信困境能够磨炼自己, 让自己成功。故选D。
8. A. life B. wealth
C. time D. health
【解析】选A。life生活; wealth财富; time时间; health健康。根据文章可知, 作者认为顺境和逆境都是生活的一部分。故选A。
9. A. hide B. destroy
C. strengthen D. kill
【解析】选C。hide隐藏; destroy破坏; strengthen加强; kill杀死。根据文章可知, 作者认为逆境能增强内心, 把逆境当成磨炼自己的机会。故选C。
10. A. regardless of B. due to
C. instead of D. apart from
【解析】选B。regardless of不管; due to由于; instead of替代; apart from除了。根据前文可知, 作者的妻子的父亲去世了, 因此对妻子造成精神压力。故选B。
11. A. occupied B. empty
C. open D. closed
【解析】选C。occupied被占领的; empty空的; open开放的; closed关闭的。根据文章可知, 作者的儿子被录取了, 因为新学年的录取仍在继续。故选C。
12. A. disappointedly B. surprisedly
C. deliberately D. confidently
【解析】选D。disappointedly失望地; surprisedly感到惊讶地; deliberately故意地; confidently自信地。根据文章可知, 作者自信地认为正是自己的耐心和乐观帮助自己渡过了难关。故选D。
13. A. fight B. meet
C. change D. delay
【解析】选A。fight与……作斗争; meet遇见; change改变; delay推迟。根据文章可知, 作者与危机作斗争, 并且战胜了危机。故选A。
14. A. general B. positive
C. friendly D. honest
【解析】选B。general一般的; positive积极的; friendly友好的; honest诚实的。根据文章可知, 作者时刻保持积极的态度。故选B。
15. A. as if B. in that
C. now that D. in case
【解析】选D。as if好像; in that在于; now that既然; in case假如, 万一。根据文章可知, 此处是条件和结果的关系。故选D。
【知识拓展】长难句分析
So, while I wish you all the best life can offer you, I would highly recommend taking the same attitude towards life in case you are trapped in any of such situations.
分析: 这是一个复合句。while引导的是一个让步状语从句, 其后的主句又是一个复合句, I would highly recommend taking the same attitude towards life 是主句, in case引导的部分是条件状语从句。
翻译: 因此, 尽管我希望生活能给你的都是最好的东西, 但是万一你处于困境, 我也强烈建议你保持同样的生活态度。
Ⅲ. 语法填空世纪金榜导学号
A recent government study shows that people paying a regular amount of money to attend keep-fit classes are usually unhappier than those 1 don’t. ?
The report ranks (分等级) different relaxation activities 2 (base) on how much money they are worth to the people who take part in them. Dancing and swimming, 3 (obvious), appear to have a positive effect on happiness. Going to the library is also 4 (use). But keep-fit activities, such as going to the gym, 5 (be) actually connected with people being unhappy. ?
During the research, over 40, 000 people 6 (ask) about their participation in art and sports, as well as their level of happiness. Using this data and 7 (take) other information into consideration such as salary and age, they worked out which activities were connected with happiness, and which were not. ?
In particular, dancing is connected with happiness, and is worth ￡1, 671 a year. Swimming is the next, with 8 effect worth ￡1, 630. And going to the library is worth ￡1, 359 in pay. According to the research, however, it is impossible to prove a cause-and-effect link 9 gym membership and unhappiness, only that (只是) there is a 10 (connect). ?
【文章大意】英国公布的一项调查结果显示, 经常去健身房运动的人明显主观幸福感较少, 而喜欢去图书馆的人感觉更幸福。
1. 【解析】who。考查定语从句。此处先行词为those, 关系代词who在从句中作主语。
2. 【解析】based。考查非谓语动词。be based on/upon是常用搭配, 意为“以……为基础”; 此处为过去分词短语作状语。
3. 【解析】obviously。考查副词。空白处所填单词在句中修饰谓语动词, 需用obvious的副词形式。
4. 【解析】useful。考查形容词。空白处所填单词在句中作表语, 需用use的形容词形式。
5. 【解析】are。考查时态和主谓一致。这里描述的是一般性道理, 用一般现在时; 主语是“keep-fit activities”, 故谓语动词用复数形式。
6. 【解析】were asked。考查时态和语态。主语“over 40, 000 people”是谓语动词ask的承受者, 需用被动语态; 这里是叙述过去发生的事, 故用一般过去时。
7. 【解析】taking。考查非谓语动词。此处为现在分词短语作状语, and连接两个并列成分, 需用take的现在分词形式。
8. 【解析】an。考查冠词。此处意为“相当于1630英镑的一个效果”, 故用不定冠词。
9. 【解析】between。考查介词。此处意为“然而, 根据这项研究证明在健身会员和无幸福感之间有因果关系是不可能的, 只是它们之间有联系”, between指两者之间。
10. 【解析】connection。考查名词。空白处所填单词前有不定冠词修饰, 需用connect的单数名词形式。
阅读理解
(2020·长沙模拟)
The hemlock(铁杉) trees along the Wappinger Creek, New York, look healthy. However, scientist Gary Lovett says the white balls which provide protection for the bugs are created by a tiny insect. It’s hard to believe the tiny bug could kill a tree. However, trees can end up with millions and millions of the pests. When there are that many, it ends up killing the tree.
The bug from East Asia is slowly killing trees across the USA. The trouble-making bug is just one of many invasive(入侵的) pests that have slipped into the United States. They can hurt other living things in their new home.
Many invasive pests arrive on wooden pallets piled inside shipping containers. They support and separate goods, and keep them from sliding around. Invasive pests often tunnel into the pallets. How can we stop pests from riding on pallets? Lovett says new rules are needed. The companies that make pallets don’t want more rules. Congress has added an amendment(修正案) in the 2018 Farm Bill to try and prevent this problem. However, Lovett is not hopeful it will make much of a difference. Pallets are checked by inspectors. Many are sprayed with bug-killing pesticide. “I believe in the system, ” said Brent McClendon, president of The National Wooden Pallet and Container Association. He also said shipping containers are checked very carefully.
Still, each year 13 million containers are shipped to the U. S. Each is full of wooden pallets. Lovett says, “Inspectors can’t possibly check everything. All it takes are a few bad pallets; we should get rid of wooden pallets. ” He believes pallets should be made of plastic or eco-composite wood. Eco-composite wood is a mix of wood fiber and plastic. Insects cannot hide into it. One problem is that these choices cost more. They may be worth the extra money, though. Invasive pests cost the U. S. $5 billion a year. Trees don’t just die in forests. They also die in cities and our yards. Then, they need to be replaced. That costs money, too.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国铁杉树虫害为运输过程中使用的木板所携带的外来蛾虫所致。政府颁布法案解决但收效甚微。有关人士就此也提出相应的解决方案。
1. All the statements are TRUE except that . ?
A. pesticide has been applied to bug-killing
B. invasive pests are native to Wappinger Creek
C. invasive pests hide in pallets used in shipping
D. the companies making pallets don’t want more rules
【解析】选B。细节理解题。 根据第二段内容可知此害虫来自东亚, 入侵到美国, 所以B选项表述错误。故选B。
2. What can we infer from the passage?
A. Bugs can be easily spotted by eyes.
B. Bugs ruin the shipping goods slowly.
C. Bugs won’t bother the tree if just in small numbers.
D. Bugs cover trees with white soft balls for protection.
【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句However, trees can end up with millions and millions of the pests. When there are that many, it ends up killing the tree. 可知当害虫数量达到很多的时候, 最终会杀死树木, 从而可以推断出, 如果害虫数量不多, 对树的干扰很小。故选C。
3. Why does Gary Lovett want to get rid of wooden pallets?
A. Because insects mostly die in them.
B. Because plastic pallets are eco-friendly.
C. Because they are not worth extra money.
D. Because they are the major pest carriers.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第三段Many invasive pests arrive on wooden pallets piled inside shipping containers. 可知许多入侵害虫是通过集装箱内堆积的木板到达的, 并结合最后一段可知, 木板是铁杉树害虫的主要载体。故选D。
4. What does the passage mainly talk about?
A. Invasive pests are harming plants in the USA.
B. Effective measures have stopped the pest invasion.
C. Congress contributes a lot to dealing with invasive pests.
D. Ecosystem in the USA is poorly damaged by invasive woods.
【解析】选A。主旨大意题。根据第二段The bug from East Asia is slowly killing trees across the USA. 及全文内容可知, 本文主要讲述入侵害虫正在危害美国的植物。而外来蛾虫入侵所致的铁杉树虫害并没有因国会通过的修正案或是有关人士提出的方案而得到完全解决, 所以B、C不正确; 生态系统因外来树种是否得到严重的破坏, 文中并未指出, 所以D不正确。故选A。
【知识拓展】背景链接——铁杉
铁杉是松科铁杉属植物, 乔木, 高达50米, 树皮暗深灰色, 纵裂, 大枝平展, 枝稍下垂, 树冠塔形。叶条形, 排列成两列, 球果卵圆形或长卵圆形。花期4月, 球果10月成熟。
中国铁杉分布于浙江、安徽、福建、江西、湖南、广东、广西、云南、甘肃、陕西、河南、湖北、四川和贵州西北部。生长于海拔600-3200米地带。喜生于雨量高、云雾多、相对湿度大、气候湿润、土壤酸性及排水良好的山区。
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