(共32张PPT)
Unit 2
Fit for life
内容索引
核心素养测评
Step 1 以高考为导向·印证教材基础
Step 2 以核心为根本·探究课堂重点
Step 3 以检测为载体·提升语基能力
【知识主线串记】
短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点, 请按要求补全短文, 并背诵体会黑
体部分用法。
Tom’s behaviour was abnormal because Tom was deeply 1. ________
(addict) to playing computer games. So he was unable to get enough sleep and
some terrible 2. _________ (symptom) appeared. One day he was so tired 3. ____
he fell over and hit a sharp rock. His legs bled and his wrist swelled. He let out
a scream of pain. Gradually, he was aware that he might develop a serious
addicted
symptoms
that
4. _______(sick), which was 5. ______ (relate)to his bad habits. In order to be
healthy, he decided to try 6. ___ for a football team. His parents were
7. __________(astonish)at his decision but they thought it was reasonable and
subscribed 8. __ it. After two months, his pulse and heartbeat were more
normal and he 9. ___(feel) that his body was in a good state. So Tom decided
10. _______(stick) to his good habits. ?
sickness
related
out
astonished
to
felt
to stick
Part 1 考纲高频单词
1. vital adj. 对……极重要的, 必不可少的
【写作金句】 Enough sleep is vital to the students’ well-being and health.
充足的睡眠对学生的身心健康是非常重要的。
【语块必记】
be vital to /for. . . 对……极为重要
It is vital to do sth. 做某事很重要
It is vital that. . . ……是极为重要的(从句中用“should+动词原形”, should可以省略)
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①Your support is vital _____ the success of my plan.
② It is necessary and vital ______(find) a good solution. ?
③It is vital that we _______(keep) informed of all developments. ?
for/to
to find
be kept
2. astonish vt. 使十分惊讶, 使吃惊
【文化金句】 The tourists were astonished by the majesty of the Great Wall.
长城的雄伟使游客们惊异。
【语块必记】
(1)astonished adj. 吃惊的
be astonished to do sth. 对做某事感到吃惊
be astonished at/by. . . 对……感到惊讶
be astonished that. . . 吃惊于……
(2)astonishing adj. 令人吃惊的
It is astonishing to sb. that. . . 令人吃惊的是……
(3)astonishment n. 惊讶
(much)to one’s astonishment 令某人(非常)惊讶的是
in astonishment 惊讶地
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①He was __________(astonish) to see how his home town had changed in the
past 10 years.
②It was an __________(astonish) performance for such a young musician.
③I was very much astonished ____ I could not believe my eyes.
完成句子
④_______________________(让我感到吃惊的是) he should be absent. ?
⑤_______________________(令她大吃一惊的是), a moment later there came
a knock on her door. ?
astonished
astonishing
that
It is astonishing to me that
To her great astonishment
【巧学助记】 “惊讶”各不同
From his astonished expression, we knew that he was greatly astonished to get the astonishing result of the interview.
3. addicted adj. 上瘾, 入迷
【写作金句】 Now many kids are addicted to playing net games, which is worrying.
现在许多孩子都沉溺于网络游戏, 这是令人担忧的事。
【语块必记】
(1)be/get/become addicted to. . . 对……上瘾
(2)addict n. 入迷的人, 有瘾的人
(3)addiction n. 上瘾, 沉溺, 入迷
(4)addictive adj. 使人上瘾的
【语境速测】 语段填空
①Attracted by the computer games, some students are ________ to them and
can’t get rid of them. This _________ is harmful both to their health and
study. (addict)
完成句子
②她已经彻底地吸烟上瘾了, 并且无法戒掉。
She was completely __________________and unable to give it up. 世纪金榜导
学号?
addicted
addiction
addicted to smoking
【误区释疑】
(1)be addicted to中的to为介词, 后跟名词或动名词。
(2)用法类似的常考短语还有: be accustomed to习惯于; be devoted to致力于; be opposed to反对等。
4. relate vt. &vi. 联系, 把……联系起来; 叙述, 讲述
【文化金句】 True beauty is not related to what color your hair is or what color your eyes are. True beauty is about who you are as a human being. 真正的美与你头发或眼睛的颜色无关。真正的美在于你是个怎样的人。
【语块必记】
(1)relate to. . . 涉及, 与……相关
relate. . . to/with 把……和……联系起来
(2)related adj. 相关的, 有关系的
be related to 和……有联系; 和……有关
(3)relation n. (比较抽象的)关系; 联系; 亲戚
in relation to 关于, 涉及
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①We must relate these principles _______ our everyday work.
②She claims to be distantly ______ (relate)to a noble family by marriage.
③Many changes in the national pattern of life have recently taken place,
especially those _______(relate) to housing and jobs.
④We should correctly handle the _______(relate) of the individual to the
collective.
with/to
related
relating
relation
完成句子
⑤The unemployment figures _________________________ the rise in prices.
世纪金榜导学号?
失业的数目同物价的上涨并没有必然的联系。
are not necessarily related to
【知识拓展】 表示 “与……有关” 的短语还有:
be connected with, be associated with, be linked to, be relevant to, have something to do with等。
Part 2 重点短语
5. try out 测试, 试验; 参加选拔
【文化金句】 Are you going to try out for the “Chinese Bridge” Competition?
你准备参加汉语桥比赛的选拔吗?
【语块必记】
(1)try out for 参加……的选拔(或试演)
try on 试穿
try one’s best to do sth. 竭尽所能做某事
try for sth. 试图获得; 力争赢得
(2)have a try 试一试
【语境速测】 完成句子
①The new product ________________(必须被测试)before it goes to the market. ?
②With a school record like yours I’m puzzled why you didn’t ______(争取) a
university scholarship. ?
③Several pairs of shoes were _______(试穿), but none of them were
satisfactory. ?
④You may not get the job, but at least you can ____________(试一试) it. ?
try for
tried on
have a try for
must be tested out
6. subscribe to 同意, 赞成
【写作金句】 More and more young men find they cannot subscribe to the values of an older generation.
越来越多年轻人发现他们无法赞同老一辈人的价值观。
【语块必记】
【语境速测】 写出黑体部分的含义
①Some people subscribed a tenth of their income to the church. ( )
②I would like to subscribe to the Daily News. ( )
③I was unwilling to subscribe to the contract, but it seemed that I had no
choice. ( )
④They are refusing to subscribe to the leader’s point of view. ( )
捐款
订阅
签署
同意
【备选要点】
1. potential n. 可能性, 潜在性; 潜力, 潜能
adj. 潜在的, 可能的
【文化金句】 It’s important to treat students as individuals and draw out their potential capacities.
因材施教, 发掘孩子的潜在能力是很重要的。
【语块必记】
(1)have the potential for 有……的可能
have the potential to do. . . 有做……的可能
(2)potentially adv. 可能地, 潜在地
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①The European marketplace offers excellent potential ___ increasing sales.
②You, as an engineer, may become aware of a __________(potential)
dangerous situation.
完成句子
③He ________________________a world-class musician. ?
他有潜力成为世界级的音乐家。
for
potentially
has the potential to become
2. wear. . . out 使筋疲力尽; 使厌烦; 穿破, 用坏
【写作金句】 If you don’t stop working, you’ll wear yourself out. 如果你再不停止工作的话, 你会累坏的。
【语块必记】
(1)be worn out 筋疲力尽, 穿破, 用坏
(2)wear off 逐渐消失, 逐渐减弱
wear down (使)衰弱, (使)意志薄弱
wear away 磨损, 磨掉, 侵蚀
wear well 耐用; 耐穿
【语境速测】 写出黑体部分的含义
①Why do I feel worn out after an ordinary day’s work at the office?
( )
②This staircase is so old that some of the steps have almost worn away.
( )
③His defences will wear down after a few weeks in prison. ( )
④The affection between them has worn off, leaving only a sad memory of
endless quarrels. ( )
⑤The child needs new shoes; he has worn out his present pair. ( )
筋疲力尽
磨损
减弱
逐渐消失
穿坏
3. let out 发出, 放出, 泄露, 释放; 加大(尺寸)
【写作金句】 It’s good to let out your feelings in a shout.
大喊大叫着发泄一下感情是有好处的。
【语块积累】
let alone 更不用说
let sb. down 使某人失望
let in 放进, 让……进来
let go (of) 放开, 松手, 使自由
【语境速测】 用let短语填空
①When she saw him, she ______a cry of horror. ?
②I don’t know the person, ________his name. ?
③I’ll work hard. I don’t want to ___ him _____.
④Open a window and _____the natural light. ?
⑤Hold it tight and don’t _____or you will fall down. ?
let out
let alone
let
down
let in
let go
4. possess vt. 拥有, 具有; 支配, 控制
【文化金句】 He alone is poor who does not possess knowledge. 没有知识, 是真正的贫穷。
【语块积累】
(1)be possessed of 具有, 拥有, 占有
(2)possession n. [C]所有物, 财产(常用复数) [U]拥有, 具有
take possession of sth. 拥有, 占有; 占据(某物)
in possession of sth. 占有, 拥有(某物)(表主动)
in the possession of sb. 为某人所有(表被动)
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①He is possessed __ many good qualities.
②We’ve bought the house, but we can’t get _________(possess) of it before
July.
③The general lost all his __________(possess) after he was found guilty.
④ 二十年前, 他父亲很富, 有一个农场。(一句多译)Twenty years ago, his father
was very rich and _________________/________________/_______________
a farm. ?
of
possession
was in possession of
took possession of
was possessed of
possessions
5. mass adj. 大规模的, 数量极多的
【写作金句】 Every day, we can get a mass of information from newspapers and TV as well as the Internet.
每天我们能从报纸、电视以及网络上获取大量的信息。
【语块必记】
(1)masses of和a mass of都意为“大量的”。后面既可以是可数名词, 也可以是不可数名词。
(2)massive adj. (尺寸、数量、规模) 非常大的; 严重的
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①The sky was full of dark ______ (mass) of clouds.
②The explosion made a _______ (mass) hole in the ground.
完成句子
③There were _______________in the shops yesterday. ?
昨天商店里人如潮涌。
masses
massive
masses of people
核心素养测评二十一 Unit 2 Fit for life
(限时35分钟)
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
A
China’s health and education authorities on Monday required the country’s schools to establish systems to report HIV/AIDS infection cases in students.
The National Health and Family Planning Commission and the Ministry of Education said in a joint circular that infections of the virus among young students saw a marked rise in recent years, a sign of problems in education and students’ awareness about HIV/AIDS prevention.
The two authorities required local health and education agencies to improve awareness at schools and called for establishment of an infection reporting system and regular consultation mechanism to analyze the cause of infections and formulate countermeasures.
The circular also urged proper protection of infected students’ privacy.
“Students in secondary schools and older should attend special classes on HIV/AIDS prevention focused on prevention of unsafe behavior as well as sexual responsibility and morality, ” the circular said.
It also pledged financial support for volunteer services. The circular said HIV/AIDS voluntary counselling and testing services should be improved and schools should encourage students with risky behavior to use the services.
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了中国卫生和教育部门要求各地学校加强学生艾滋病预防宣传教育, 建立完善的防控体系, 完善对艾滋病防范的服务。
1. What does the underlined word “circular” in the second paragraph mean?
A. round B. notice
C. advertisements D. news
【解析】选B。词义猜测题。根据上文The National Health and Family Planning Commission and the Ministry of Education said in a joint与下文infections of the virus among young students saw a marked rise in recent years, a sign of problems in education and students’ awareness about HIV/AIDS prevention. 可知: 近年来, 青年学生中的病毒感染明显增加, 这是教育和学生对艾滋病毒/艾滋病的预防意识存在问题的迹象, 是对circular的具体阐述, 其内容是一份公告和通知, 由此可见, circular意思为“通知; 公告”, 故选B。
2. From the passage, we can infer that _______. ?
A. students have fully realized the meaning of HIV/AIDS
B. China’s health and education authorities pay little attention to HIV/AIDS issues in Chinese students
C. students’ awareness about HIV/AIDS should be greatly improved
D. HIV/AIDS infection cases in students have drawn no concern among students
【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第五段“Students in secondary schools and older should attend special classes on HIV/AIDS prevention focused on prevention of unsafe behavior as well as sexual responsibility and morality, ” the circular said. 可知, 该通知称, 中学及以上年级的学生应参加以预防不安全行为以及性责任和道德为重点的艾滋病毒/艾滋病预防特别班。由此可见, 应加大提高学生对艾滋病毒/艾滋病的认识, 故选C。
3. What can be the best title for the text?
A. Call for reports on students with HIV.
B. Public concerns about HIV/AIDS infection.
C. Volunteer services for HIV/AIDS infection cases.
D. To ignore HIV/AIDS infection cases is wrong.
【解析】选C。标题拟定题。根据文章大意可知, 本文主要讲述了中国卫生和教育部门要求各地学校加强学生艾滋病预防宣传教育, 建立完善的防控体系, 完善对艾滋病防范的服务。故选C。
【知识拓展】长难句分析
The two authorities required local health and education agencies to improve awareness at schools and called for establishment of an infection reporting system and regular consultation mechanism to analyze the cause of infections and formulate countermeasures.
分析: 这是一个简单句, 有两个并列谓语动词required. . . and called for. . . 。to improve awareness at schools是第一个谓语动词之后的目的状语; to analyze the cause of infections and formulate countermeasures是第二个谓语动词后的目的状语。
翻译: 这两个部门要求当地的卫生和教育部门要提高在校意识, 要求建立感染报告机制以及定期咨询机制来分析感染原因、制定对策。
B
Stephen Hawking’s final fear was that DNA manipulation would lead to a master race of superhumans. The physicist, who died aged 76 in March, 2018, thought the development could destroy the rest of human beings. His last prediction is revealed in a new book of his collected articles and essays called Brief Answers to Big Questions.
Hawking feared rich people would soon be able to edit their children’s DNA to improve attributes like memory and disease immunity. And he said that would pose a crisis for the rest of the world even if politicians tried to illegalize the practice. In an extract (摘录) published by The Sunday Times, he wrote: “I am sure that during this century people will discover how to modify both intelligence and instincts such as aggression. Laws will probably be passed against genetic engineering with humans. But some people won’t be able to resist the temptation to improve human characteristics, such as memory, resistance to disease and length of life. ” And he said that would cause huge problems for humans who have not undergone the same process, leaving them unable to compete. The professor even warned it could lead to the extinction of humanity as we know it. He said of normal humans: “Presumably they will die out, or become unimportant. Instead, there will be a race of self-designing beings who are improving at an ever-increasing rate. ” The Brief History of Time author also refers to techniques like Crispr, which enables scientists to modify harmful genes and add in others. And although such procedures could be a boost for medical science, some critics are worried that they could cause a eugenics-style (优生方式) movement, where the weak are weeded out of society.
The new book, published by Hodder & Stoughton on Tuesday, also collects his writings on what he thought were the big questions facing science and wider society. In it, he examines whether aliens exist, colonize space and whether humans will ever go beyond our Solar System.
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。物理学家斯蒂芬·霍金去世前的最后担忧是: 操纵DNA将催生超级人类优等种族, 他认为这一发展趋势可能会毁灭人类。
4. Stephen Hawking’s views don’t include . ?
A. DNA manipulation could lead to the extinction of human beings
B. There exist techniques to modify harmful genes and add in good genes
C. People cannot resist the temptation to improve human characteristics
D. Humans who haven’t undergone genetic engineering may die out
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第二段“But some people won’t be able to resist the temptation to improve human characteristics, such as memory, resistance to disease and length of life. ”可知是some people而不是people, 故C选项以偏概全, 不是霍金的观点。故选C。
5. Which one is the book published by Hodder & Stoughton?
A. Brief Answers to Big Questions.
B. The Sunday Times.
C. The Brief History of Time.
D. Solar System.
【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句中“The new book, published by Hodder & Stoughton on Tuesday”使用了定冠词the可知是对应第一段中第一次提到的a new book of his collected articles and essays called Brief Answers to Big Questions, 故Brief Answers to Big Questions 是由Hodder & Stoughton 出版的, A选项正确。
【误区警示】
The Sunday Times是霍金曾经在上面发表过文章的报刊, 故B选项排除; The Brief History of Time是霍金之前的书, 故排除C选项; Solar System不是书, D选项不正确。
6. What’s Stephen Hawking’s attitude towards human genetic engineering?
A. Supportive. B. Impartial.
C. Favorable. D. Concerned.
【解析】选D。观点态度题。根据文章第一段第一句“Stephen Hawking’s final fear was that DNA manipulation would lead to a master race of superhumans. ”; 第二段第二句“And he said that would pose a crisis for the rest of the world even if politicians tried to illegalize the practice. ”; 与第二段中“The professor even warned it could lead to the extinction of humanity as we know it. ”中fear, crisis, warned等词可以看出, 霍金对于人类基因工程的态度是担忧的, 因此选D。
7. What does the text mainly want to tell us?
A. Crispr can enable scientists to get harmful genes changed.
B. DNA manipulation will create a master race of superhumans.
C. Humans will colonize space and go beyond our Solar System.
D. DNA manipulation may lead to the extinction of human beings.
【解析】选D。主旨大意题。从文章的第一段第二句“The physicist, who died aged 76 in March, 2018, thought the development could destroy the rest of human beings. ”可知操纵DNA可能会导致人类灭绝, 故选D。
【误区警示】
文章只是作为举例说明, 提到了Crispr(基因编辑技术) 使科学家能够修改有害的基因。并不是文章的主要内容, 故排除A选项; 文章提出操纵DNA将导致人类灭绝, 而不是创造优良种族, B选项与文章内容相悖, 故B选项错误; C选项“人类将移民太空并走出太阳系。”文章中没有提及, 排除C选项。
【知识拓展】佳词积累
1. development n. 发展
2. prediction n. 预测
3. intelligence n. 智力, 聪明
4. aggression n. 侵略, 挑衅
5. temptation n. 欲望, 诱惑
6. characteristics n. 特征; 特性; 特质
7. humanity n. 人道, 仁慈
Ⅱ. 阅读填句世纪金榜导学号
Current digital technology gives us music of flawless quality. It also makes it easier to copy, upload and stream music without having to download it. 1 . However, as climate change is on everyone’s mind these days, the question related to music arises: Which music consumption form is worse for the environment: CDs, vinyl (黑色胶片), or digital music? The answer might surprise you. ?
2 , logic would suggest that music downloads and online streaming are good for the environment. But must it surely be more environmentally friendly? Even though streamed music is material-free, that doesn’t mean it doesn’t have an environmental impact. In fact, the information is searched and sent to our electronic devices across the network, which costs energy. 3 . ?
Researchers found that streaming an album over the Internet will use 27 times more energy than it takes to produce a single CD or vinyl record. In any given second, the music platform is serving about 2. 5 million streams at the same time. 4 , that means almost 210, 000 albums’ worth of music has been streamed. It will use nearly 8, 000 times more energy than what making one CD takes. Meanwhile, if you buy a CD, it’s there permanently. The only extra energy required is whatever you need to power your CD player. ?
The study was published before Record Store Day—an event that encourages listeners to buy physical record. 5 . Rather, they want you to think about your power use and choose services that minimize their effect on the planet. They also hope this could develop alternatives that are more sustainable without sacrificing the convenience you expect. ?
A. Since our digital music uses less plastic
B. If average albums contain twelve tracks
C. This happens every time we stream music
D. As a result, streaming music becomes popular
E. Although streaming music is a greener alternative
F. It wants to convey effects of streaming on economy
G. But the researchers aren’t advising playing music traditionally
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。当今的数字技术给我们带来了完美无瑕的音乐品质。且因为我们的数字音乐使用更少的塑料, 从逻辑上讲, 音乐下载和在线流媒体对环境是有好处的。事实上, 信息是通过网络搜索并发送到我们的电子设备上的, 这需要消耗能源。研究人员希望人们考虑能源使用, 并选择那些对地球影响最小的服务。
1. 【解析】选D。根据上文It also makes it easier to copy, upload and stream music without having to download it. 它还使复制、上传和流媒体音乐变得更容易, 而无需下载。可推测下文将叙述这种情况带来的影响是: 因此, 流媒体音乐变得流行起来。故选D。
2. 【解析】选A。根据下文logic would suggest that music downloads and online streaming are good for the environment. 从逻辑上讲, 音乐下载和在线流媒体对环境是有好处的。可推测上文是说明: 因为我们的数字音乐使用更少的塑料。故选A。
3. 【解析】选C。根据上文In fact, the information is searched and sent to our electronic devices across the network, which costs energy. 事实上, 信息是通过网络搜索并发送到我们的电子设备上的, 这需要消耗能源。下文则说明这样的情况每次我们播放音乐时都会发生。故选C。
4. 【解析】选B。根据下文that means almost 210, 000 albums’ worth of music has been streamed那意味着几乎有21万张专辑的音乐被流媒体播放。可推测平均每张专辑包含12首歌曲。故选B。
5. 【解析】选G。根据下文Rather, they want you to think about your power use and choose services that minimize their effect on the planet. 相反, 他们想让你考虑你的能源使用, 并选择那些对地球影响最小的服务。可知研究人员并不建议传统地播放音乐。故选G。
Ⅲ. 应用文写作
(2020年山东新高考模拟)
假定你是李华, 你的英国朋友John 来信询问中国人过春节的风俗习惯。请你结合自己家乡的实际情况给他回信, 内容包括:
1. 春节的简介;
2. 过节的风俗习惯;
3. 邀请他来中国过春节。
注意:
1. 词数80左右;
2. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯;
3. 信的开头已为你写好。
Dear John,
I’m glad that you’re interested in the Chinese Spring Festival. _____________
___________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【参考范文】
Dear John,
I’m glad that you’re interested in the Chinese Spring Festival. The Spring Festival is the most ceremonious traditional festival of the Chinese nation. It is a happy and peaceful festival for family and friends to get together and a bond for people to deepen their feelings. In order to celebrate the Spring Festival, we will stick couplets, set off firecrackers, have dinner, watch the Spring Festival Gala, and so on. There is a jubilant atmosphere everywhere.
I’d like to invite you to China for the Spring Festival with us.
Yours,
Li Hua
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