(共32张PPT)
Unit 2
The universal language
内容索引
核心素养测评
Step 1 以高考为导向·印证教材基础
Step 2 以核心为根本·探究课堂重点
Step 3 以检测为载体·提升语基能力
【知识主干串记】
短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点, 请按要求补全短文, 并背诵体会黑
体部分用法。
A grand concert will be held next week, including jazz, rock and roll and
so on. There will be also ballet performances and chorus. A band, whose
1. _________(collect) is sold well, will play symphony written by a famous
composer in the concert. Fans who have 2. __ tendency to music had better seize
the opportunity 3. _____(get) tickets. The deadline is May 2nd. 4. _______
collection
a
to get
To seek
(seek) a good position, fans are willing to wait in line at dawn. The personnel
will unite together and serve fans heart 5. ____ soul.
In the concert, a famous folk song will be also put on, which 6. _______
(base) on a folk story. In the story, a prince fell in love with a girl 7. __ first
sight and asked for her hand in marriage. But his mother was stubborn
and unwilling 8. __________(approve) of their marriage because of prejudice
and discrimination to the girl and scolded him 9. ________(violent). She
demanded that the prince should break up with the girl. A 10. ________
(mercy)fairy ?turned up and helped them. Finally, they lived a happy life. ?
and
is based
at
to approve
violently
merciful
Part 1 考纲高频单词
1. seize vt. 逮捕, 捉拿, 抓住, 捉住, 夺取, 攻占
【写作金句】 If you want to have a good command of English, you should seize every opportunity to practise it.
如果你想熟练掌握英语, 就应抓住一切机会来练习它。
【语块必记】
seize sb. by. . . 抓住某人某部位
seize. . . from. . . 从……夺走
seize on 抓住, 急于接受/采纳
seize a chance/an opportunity 抓住机会
seize power 夺权
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①The policeman seized him ___ the collar.
②She seized the gun _____ the enemy.
③She had always wanted to go to London, so she seized ___ the offer of a free
trip.
by
from
on
2. demand vt. 强烈要求; 需要 n. 要求; 需求
【写作金句】 This sort of work demands great patience and skill as well as great care. 这种工作需要有极大的耐心、熟练的技术, 以及非常细心。
【语块必记】
(1)demand sth. of/from sb. 对某人要求某事
demand to do sth. 要求做某事
demand that sb. (should) do sth.
要求某人做某事
(sth. ) demand doing/to be done (某事)需要被做
(2)in (great) demand 有(大的)需求; 受欢迎
meet/satisfy one’s demand 满足某人的要求/需求
a demand for sth. 需求某物
on demand 一经要求
(3)demanding adj. 苛求的, 要求高的
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①It’s thought that the old temple demands _________ (repair).
②The teacher demands of his students _______(finish) their homework well. ?
③Soft drinks are much __ demand in this hot weather.
④In a word, although protecting our environment is not an easy task to do and
it’s a __________ (demand)one, we can do it because we have such a decision.
完成句子
⑤The teacher demanded that ______________________________________. ?
这位老师要求学生们准时到校。
repairing
to finish
in
demanding
the students (should) come to school on time
3. decline n. 衰落, 衰败; 减少; 下降
vi. & vt. 衰落; 下降; 婉言谢绝
【写作金句】 I must regretfully decline your kind invitation. 我很抱歉必须拒绝你的盛情邀请。
【语块必记】
(1)fall into (a) decline 开始衰落, 衰退
on the decline/in decline 在走下坡路; 衰退中
a decline in sth. 某物在减少
(2)decline to do sth. 拒绝做某事
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①Even chimp mothers regularly decline _______(share)food with their
children. ?
②In the last two months, the range of decline __ market price has narrowed.
③The number of robberies in the area is ___ the decline.
④After the war, the British ship-building industry fell ____ decline.
【误区释疑】 decline by还是decline to
by表示数量增减的幅度, decline by 10%: 下降了10%。to表示数量增减的最终
结果, decline to 10%: 下降到了10%。
to share
in
on
into
Part 2 重点短语句式
4. fall in love 爱上某人/某物; 相爱, 坠入爱河
【文化金句】 It is natural that he should fall in love with such a beautiful place.
他爱上那美丽的地方是很自然的事。
【语块必记】
(1)fall in love with “爱上某人/某物”, 表示短暂性的动作;
(2)be in love with “爱上, 与……相爱”, 表示延续性的状态;
(3)(同义词)lose one’s heart to
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①Working with Ford closely, I fell in love ____ the cinema.
完成句子
②The two young people ___________________ each other for five years. 这两
个年轻人相爱已五年了。?
with
have been in love with
5. break up 破裂; 解散; 破碎; 分手; 拆开; 结束(关系等); 期末放假
【文化金句】 Don’t let a little dispute break up a great friendship. 不要让小小的争端损毁了一场伟大的友谊。
【语块必记】
break away from 脱离, 逃离
break down 出故障, 损坏, 失败, 垮掉, 分解消除(障碍等)
break in 闯入, 插嘴
break into 强行闯入, 破门而入
break off 中断, 折断; 突然停止
break out (战争, 火灾等)爆发
break through 突破, 突围
【语境速测】 写出黑体部分的含义
①The meeting didn’t break up until eleven o’clock last night. ( )
②The men in the garage will break up the old cars for their parts. ( )
③The husband and wife are always quarreling and their relations are breaking
up. ( )
④When does your school break up? ( )
⑤The reactionary police tried to break up the strikers’ protest rally, but failed.
( )
结束
拆开
破裂
放假
解散
⑥用适当的介词、副词填空 世纪金榜导学号
A criminal broke away _____ the police and ran into a small town. There he
broke ____ a house and robbed some money and a car. He drove away. But
unfortunately, the car broke _____. Then he was surrounded by the police.
At last, he failed to break _______ and was caught.
from
into
down
through
【巧学助记】 三图巧记break up
6. Just imagine performing such an opera in the Forbidden City—there could not be a more awesome setting! ?
想象一下在紫禁城上演这出歌剧——不可能有比这更棒的背景了!
【写作金句】 After a month’s cooperation, the relation between the two girls has never been better.
经过一个月的合作, 两个女孩的关系从来没这么好过。
【句型公式】
(1)“否定词+比较级”表示最高级意义, 通常译为“没有比……更……, 没有像……一样……”, 常用的否定词有no, not, never, nothing, nobody, hardly。
(2)“否定词+比较级”也可表示“很, 非常”
例如: I can’t agree more. 我很赞同。
【语境速测】 完成句子
①He had never spent __________________. ?
他从来没有度过这样烦恼的日子。
②She likes _________________a nice long walk along the beach. 她最喜欢的
莫过于在沙滩上久久地散步。?
③This could give her _________________. ?
这使她再高兴不过了。
a more worrying day
nothing better than
no greater pleasure
【备选要点】
1. cast (cast, cast) vt. & vi. 选派角色; 投射(光、影), 向……投以(视线、笑容), 投、掷 n. [C]全体演员
【写作金句】 Jenny was cast down to hear the news that their team didn’t win the game.
珍妮听到她们队比赛失利的消息时很沮丧。
【语块必记】
cast/shed/throw light on sth. 使(问题等)较容易理解
cast down 使沮丧; 使下降
cast aside 丢弃, 抛弃
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①Recent research has cast new light ___ the causes of the disease.
②The circumstances were all against Joe, but he was not cast _____.
③You shouldn’t cast _____ old friends while seeking new ones.
on
down
aside
2. condemn vt. 判刑, 宣判; 指责, 谴责
【文化金句】 We should strongly condemn empty talk instead of hard work.
我们要强烈谴责不脚踏实地、夸夸其谈的作风。
【语块必记】
be condemned to. . . 被宣告, 被判……
condemn sb. to death 判某人死刑
condemn sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事而谴责某人
be condemned to do sth. 注定做某事
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①The government issued a statement ___________(condemn) the killings.
②He ______________(condemn) to death for murder and later hanged. ?
③He was condemned ________(spend) the rest of the football season on the
bench. ?
condemning
was condemned
to spend
3. seek (sought, sought) vt. & vi. 试图; 设法; 寻找, 寻求
【文化金句】 Family and friends are hidden treasures, seek them and enjoy the riches.
家人和朋友是看不见的宝藏, 努力发掘, 共享财富。
【语块必记】
(1)seek to do sth. 尝试/试图做某事
seek after/for 追求, 寻求, 探索
seek out 找出, 搜寻出, 挑出
seek sth. from sb. 向某人请求/寻求某物
(2)seeker n. 寻找者, 探索者
【语境速测】 完成句子
①He _____________wealth and power. ?
他在追求财富和权力。
②You should __________________________on this matter. 你应该征求你的律
师对这件事的意见。?
③The tourists _________a shady spot where they sat down and rested. 旅游者
找到一块阴凉的地方坐下休息。?
is seeking after
seek advice from your lawyer
sought out
4. at first sight 初次见面; 乍一看
【写作金句】 They fell in love as soon as they met; it was love at first sight.
他们一见面就坠入情网, 真是一见钟情。
【语块必记】
at the sight of 一看到
catch sight of 看到
lose sight of 忽略, 看不见
come into sight 出现在眼前, 进入视野
lose one’s sight 失明
in sight 在视线范围内
out of sight 看不见, 在视野之外
【语境速测】 完成句子
①_____________________(一看见蛇), the girl drew back. ?
②Finally he _____________(看见)the young man’s light overcoat in the
distance. ?
③The importance of learning foreign languages must not _____________(忽
视). ?
④After a change of wind, a little boat _____________(进入视野). ?
At the sight of the snake
caught sight of
be lost sight of
came into sight
5. unwilling adj. 不情愿的, 不愿意的; 勉强的, 无奈的
【文化金句】 It is not fair to ask others to do what you are unwilling to do yourself.
让别人做你自己都不愿做的事情是不公平的。
【语块必记】
(1)be (un)willing to do sth. (不)愿意做某事
(2)(un)willingness n. (不)情愿
(3)(un)willingly adv. (不)情愿地
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①I’m willing _____(be)an ox serving the people all my life. ?
②They are our family members; we are _________ (willing)to see that they
leave us at any time.
③From her story we inferred that they went to the United States __________
(unwilling).
【知识拓展】 乐意做某事
be willing to do sth. ; be ready to do sth. ;
be pleased to do sth. ; be content to do sth.
to be
unwilling
unwillingly
6. bring back 使恢复, 使回忆起
【文化金句】 All the treasures of the earth would not bring back one lost moment. 机会失去不再来, 千贯万贯难赎回。
【语块必记】
bring about 带来, 引起, 导致
bring down 降低, 使倒下, 使下降
bring in 引进, 带来
bring forward 提出; 提前
bring out 出版; 生产; 使显现
bring up 抚养; 教育; 提出; 呕吐
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①Your article brought _____ sad memories for me. ?
②This new process has brought _____ great changes.
③We aim to bring _____ prices on all our computers.
④We will do everything possible to bring _______ a new way to solve the
problem.
⑤A journalist all his life, he’s now brought ___ a book.
⑥It was hard for her to bring ___ half a dozen children alone.
back
about
down
forward
out
up
核心素养测评二十五 Unit 2 The universal language
(限时35分钟)
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
A
For centuries, people have tried to invent a perfect universal written language and Chinese has actually been considered before. Francis Bacon used to assume that a language like Chinese and its writing system would have qualified. Chinese doesn’t use an alphabet based on sounds, but symbols indicating meaning.
Chinese character has its special relationship between the sign and what it symbolized. Each character represents a word or a concept and you pile them up together like Lego bricks, children’s plastic building toys, to build more words. Some of them also look like what they represent. For example, a mountain may look just like a mountain with a peak in the middle. And fire resembles some blazing (燃烧的) logs. When you put them together and you get volcano. Isn’t that amazing?
While some of them look like what they represent, most of them really don’t. In fact, some of them are incredibly complicated. For instance, “Biang” is the name of a kind of noodle, which has 57 strokes (笔画). It is very hard for people to pronounce or recognize this character, let alone writing it out correctly. Chinese is so complicated that since the 1950s, a simplified system of characters has been used in mainland China. But there is a problem. Chinese characters often represent whole works, and there are a lot of them. In the Chinese dictionary there are around sixty four thousand characters.
So Chinese characters might not become a universal writing system soon. The trouble is not just inventing one, but getting people to use it. It wouldn’t be easy for the whole world to agree on the same set of meanings. After all, language needs a cultural context. You cannot really just use a universal language as you like.
【文章大意】本文属于议论文。讨论中文是否适合成为世界通用语的问题。
1. What can we learn from Francis Bacon?
A. He believed that Chinese writing system was perfect.
B. He managed to invent a universal written language.
C. He recommended Chinese to use alphabets based on sounds.
D. He thought written Chinese language could be used globally.
【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第一段Francis Bacon used to assume that a language like Chinese and its writing system would have qualified. 可推测出Francis Bacon过去假定中文可以符合作全世界通用语的标准。故选D。
2. How does the author explain the characteristic of Chinese character?
A. By analyzing structures of toys.
B. By comparing concepts.
C. By giving examples.
D. By collecting data.
【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第二段For example, a mountain may look just like a mountain with a peak in the middle. And fire resembles some blazing logs. When you put them together and you get volcano. 可知, 作者用山和火举例子来介绍中国汉字的特点。故选C。
3. Why do Chinese people use a simplified system of Chinese characters?
A. It is hard to pronounce Chinese characters.
B. It is difficult to recognize or write Chinese characters.
C. It is fashionable to use simplified Chinese characters.
D. It is complicated to look up Chinese characters in the dictionaries.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第三段It is very hard for people to pronounce or recognize this character, let alone writing it out correctly. ”可知, 由于中国汉字难识别和难写的原因, 中国人开始使用简化版的汉字系统。故选B。
4. What is the passage mainly about?
A. How to write simplified Chinese characters.
B. Why people need a universal written language.
C. Chinese is a perfect universal written language.
D. Whether Chinese is suitable to be a world language.
【解析】选D。主旨大意题。通读全文可知, 文章讨论中文是否适合作世界通用语的问题。故选D。
【知识拓展】佳词积累
1. based on 以……为基础
2. pile up 堆积, 堆放
3. look like 看起来像
4. let alone 更不用说
5. agree on 同意; 达成共识; 达成一致
B
Thomas Cheatham had planned to study Latin during his time at Hebron High School in Texas. But when he learned that the school district was going to offer a Mandarin(普通话) class, he quickly changed his mind.
“I thought Mandarin would be more beneficial than Latin, ” said Cheatham, who is now in his second year of studying the language.
He speaks Mandarin to order food at Chinese restaurants and can read social media posts from his Chinese-speaking friends. While it’s a difficult language to master, the high school junior, who plans to study computer engineering, thinks it will be important for his career. “Chinese is a good language to know, especially with China becoming a growing power, ” he said.
Many experts agree that proficiency(熟练) in a language spoken by a billion people worldwide will give American students an edge in the global economy.
“People are looking at China as our next economic competitor, and interest in Mandarin is growing fast, ” said Marty Abbott, director of the American Council(议会) on the Teaching of Foreign Languages. “We’re seeing it in all parts of the country. ”
Abbott predicts that as many as 100, 000 students are now studying Mandarin in public and private schools throughout the US. She said the US government has designated (指定) Mandarin as an “important needs” language and provides professional development programs for teachers. “Our government wants to increase our language ability for national security and economic competitiveness, ” Abbott added.
At the same time, the Chinese government is spreading knowledge of the Chinese language and culture through Confucius Institutes set up in many US states. For example, the Confucius Institute at the University of Texas in Dallas has been the home of a Confucius Institute for 10 years. It sponsors Confucius Classrooms at 21 local public and private schools, where tens of thousands of students are learning Mandarin.
【文章大意】本文主要以一个美国学生的经历为例来讲述随着中国经济的发展, 普通话在美国校园很流行, 这是中国在世界舞台上地位上升的一个反映。
5. Why did Thomas Cheatham decide to study Mandarin instead of Latin?
A. Mandarin was easier to learn than Latin.
B. Mandarin could be helpful to his future career.
C. Mandarin might help him learn more about China.
D. Mandarin could enable him to study computer engineering.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第三段While it’s a difficult language to master, the high school junior, who plans to study computer engineering, thinks it will be important for his career. 可知, Thomas认为中文能够在他今后职业发展的道路上对他有所帮助。故选B。
6. The underlined word “edge” in Paragraph 4 probably means “ ”. ?
A. a slight advantage
B. the outside limit
C. a sharp tone of voice
D. an exciting quality
【解析】选A。词义猜测题。根据本句句意可知, 汉语是一门全世界10亿人说的语言, 专家认为掌握了它的人会在全球经济中有优势, edge意为“有利条件, 优势”。
7. Which of the following statements might Marty Abbott agree with?
A. Mandarin should be taught in classrooms throughout the US.
B. Those skilled at Chinese will be the most competitive in the future.
C. The US government’s policy has helped popularize Mandarin in the US.
D. Americans learn Mandarin because they worry about their national security.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第六段She said the US government has designated Mandarin as an “important needs” language and provides professional development programs for teachers. 可知, 美国政府的政策促进了普通话在美国的普及, 故选C。
8. What does the author mainly talk about in this passage?
A. The rising popularity of Mandarin among American students.
B. The great benefits of learning Mandarin for American students.
C. The influence of China’s growing power on American education.
D. The effect of Confucius Institutes in promoting Mandarin in the US.
【解析】选A。主旨大意题。纵观全文, 主要介绍了美国学生学习中文热情升温的现象, 分析了出现该现象的背景和原因, 故选A。
【知识拓展】长难句分析
While it’s a difficult language to master, the high school junior, who plans to study computer engineering, thinks it will be important for his career.
分析: 这是一个复合句。While引导的是让步状语从句; 主句中who引导非限制性定语从句修饰主语the high school junior, thinks后面是它的宾语从句, 省掉了引导词that。
翻译: 尽管这是一门很难掌握的语言, 这位打算学习计算机工程的高中生认为这将会对他的事业很重要。
Ⅱ. 阅读填句
In a study recently published in the journal Neuron, researchers found that super memorizers don’t have unusually large brain regions that allow them to remember a lot of information. 1 Here are a few of their favorite tricks that can help you to remember things in your everyday life. ?
To Remember: New words
Technique: Change routine
In a study, a group of students studied a list of words in two separate sessions. Some studied in a messy room and some in a neat space. One group of students spent both sessions in the same room, while the other split the sessions between the two environments. During a test, the students who studied in multiple places remembered much more. 2 That includes the time of day, the music in the background, whether you sit or stand, etc. ?
To Remember: Your PIN
Technique: Count it out
You could use your birthday, or your phone number, but identity thieves have a way of figuring those numbers out. 3 Write a four-word sentence. Then count the number of letters in each word. For instance, “This is my PIN” =4223. ?
To Remember: Faces
Technique: Focus on noses
While some super memorizers specialize in associating names with faces, the memory-palace technique doesn’t work as well if the image of the face is changed in any way. Rather than focusing on eyes, as most people do, focus on the centre or to the left of a person’s nose. 4 ?
To Remember: Facts & figures
Technique: 5 ?
To learn and remember statistics, reviewing the material repeatedly over a longer time is far more effective than repeating it in a shorter one. If your exam is in a week, study today and then again in a day or two. If it’s a month away, study today and then wait a week before your second session.
A. value exams
B. Give yourself time
C. This allows you to take in their whole face.
D. Their brain structures are in fact the same as the rest of ours.
E. Instead, try this tip from Dominic, an eight-time World Memory Champion.
F. The theory is that your brain links the words to the environment around you.
G. Studies showed that varying other aspects of your environment can also help.
【文章大意】本文属于说明文, 介绍了记忆不同事物建议使用的不同记忆技巧。
1. 【解析】选D。根据前一句In a study recently published in the journal Neuron, researchers found that super memorizers don’t have unusually large brain regions that allow them to remember a lot of information. 可知, 在神经学杂志最近发布的文章里, 研究人员发现超级记忆者没有更大大脑区域来允许他们记忆很多信息, D选项, 他们的大脑结构跟我们其他人一样, 承接上文, 切题, 故选D。
2. 【解析】选G。根据后一句That includes the time of day, the music in the background, whether you sit or stand, etc. 可知, 包括记忆的时间, 音乐背景, 以及你是站着还是坐着的等, G选项, 研究表明改变环境的其他因素也能帮助记忆, 后一句是对本句的阐述, 切题, 故选G。
3. 【解析】选E。根据后三句Write a four-word sentence. Then count the number of letters in each word. For instance, “This is my PIN” = 4223. 可知, 写一个四个单词的句子, 数每个单词的字母数, 比如, This is my PIN每个单词的分别包含4个、2个、2个、3个字母, E选项, 尝试八次获得世界记忆冠军的Dominic的技巧, 后一句具体阐述记忆的方法, 切题, 故选E。
4. 【解析】选C。根据前一句Rather than focusing on eyes, as most people do, focus on the centre or to the left of a person’s nose. 可知, 不要关注别人的眼睛, 正如大多数做的一样, 关注一个人鼻子的中部或者左部, C选项, 这会让你记住整张脸, 阐述前一句的意义和影响, 切题, 故选C。
5. 【解析】选B。根据下文To learn and remember statistics, reviewing the material repeatedly over a longer time is far more effective than repeating it in a shorter one. 可知, 学习和记忆数据, 长时间反复记忆比短时间记忆更有效, 故可知, 本段介绍记忆数据和事实性知识需要的技巧在于反复记忆, B选项, 给自己一些时间, 切题, 故选B。
Ⅲ. 应用文写作
假如你是李华, 你的外籍访问生朋友Jack在学校的新年晚会(New Year Gala)上演唱了两首歌曲, 他的表演很受欢迎, 请你用英文给他写一封信表达祝贺。内容包括:
1. 表示祝贺;
2. 对其演出的评价;
3. 对其未来的期待。
注意:
1. 词数80左右;
2. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。
Dear Jack,
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【参考范文】
Dear Jack,
I am writing to express my sincere congratulations on your wonderful performance in the school New Year Gala.
The two songs you performed were so beautiful and catchy that everyone, including teachers and students, was clapping and singing to the music, totally lost in the melody. You are really talented and your perfect performance is also due to your passion for singing as well as your persistent practice. Your effort has paid off.
I’m looking forward to your further progress and show yourself in a larger stage.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
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