Unit 4 Section I Warming Up & Reading
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Edmund Halley was an English scientist who lived over 200 years ago. He studied the observations of comets (彗星) which other scientists had made. The orbit of one particular comet was a very difficult mathematical (数学) problem. He could not figure it out. Neither could other scientists who dealt with such problems.
However, Halley had a friend named Newton, who was a brilliant mathematician. Newton though he had already worked out that problem, but he could not find the papers on which he had done it. He told Halley that the orbit of a comet had the shape of an ellipse (椭圆)．
Now Halley set to work. He figured out (解决，计算出) the orbits of some of the comets that had been observed by scientists. He made a surprising discovery. The comets that had appeared in the years 1531, 1607, and 1682 all had the same orbit. Yet their appearances had been 75 to 76 years apart.
This seemed very strange to Halley. The different comets followed the same orbit. The more Halley thought about it, the more he thought that there had not been three different comets, as people thought. He decided that they had simply seen the same comet three times. The comet had gone away and had come back again.
It was an astonishing idea! Halley felt certain enough to make a prediction (预言) of what comet would happen in the future. He decided that this comet would appear in the year 1758. There were 53 years to go before Halley's prediction could be tested. In 1758 the comet appeared in the sky. Halley did not see it, for he has died some years before. Ever since then that comet has been called Halley's comet, in his honor.
【语篇解读】 本文主要介绍了200多年前英国科学家哈雷以及他的发现。
1．Halley made his discovery .
A．by doing experiments
B．by means of his own careful observation
C．by using the work of other scientists
D．by chance
解析：选C 细节理解题。由文中第三段中的“He figured out (解决，计算出) the orbits of some of the comets that had been observed by scientists.”可知应选C。
2．Halley made a surprising, but correct prediction in the year .
A．1704 B．1705
C．1706 D．1707
解析：选B 数字计算题。第五段中的“He decided that this comet would appear in the year 1758. There were 53 years to go before Halley's prediction could be tested.”这句话告诉我们：他预言彗星出现的时间是1758年，而这个预言还要经过53年才能验证，由此可以推断出哈雷做出这个预言的时间是1705年。
3．This passage in general is about .
A．Halley and other scientists
B．the orbit of a comet
C．Newton and Halley
D．Halley and his discovery
解析：选D 主旨大意题。文章的中心就是哈雷以及他的发现。
4．Which of the following is TRUE?
A．Edmund Halley was an American scientist.
B．Halley made his discovery by doing experiments.
C．Newton was a famous mathematician.
D．The orbit of a comet had the shape of a circle.
解析：选C 细节理解题。从文章首句可以看出A项错误；从第1题的分析中可知B项也错误；牛顿告诉哈雷彗星的轨道是椭圆形的，可排除D项。
B
Satellites are an important part of our ordinary lives. For example, the information for weather forecasts is sent by satellite. Some satellites have cameras which take photographs of the Earth to show how clouds are moving. Satellites are also used to connect our international phone calls.
Computer connections of the World Wide Web and Internet also use satellites. Many of our TV programmes come to US through satellites. Airplane pilots also sometimes use a satellite to help them find their exact location.
We use satellites to send television pictures from one part of the world to another. They are usually 35,880 kilometres above the equator (赤道). Sometimes we can see a satellite in the sky and it seems to stay in the same place. This is because it is moving around the world at 11,000 kilometres an hour—exactly the same speed that the earth rotates (转动). A satellite must orbit the Earth with its antennae (天线) facing the earth. Sometimes, it moves away from its orbit, so there are little rockets on it which are used to put the satellite back in the right position. This usually happens about every five or six days.
Space is not empty! Every week, more and more satellites are sent into space to orbit the Earth. A satellite usually works for about 10～12 years. Satellites which are broken are sometimes repaired by astronauts or sometimes brought back to the Earth to be repaired. Often, very old or broken satellites are left in space to orbit the Earth for a very long time. This is very serious because some satellites use nuclear power and they can crash into each other.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇科普说明文。文章对各种卫星的用途、卫星工作的状态以及人们对已损坏卫星的处理办法进行了解释说明。
5．Which of the following is NOT done by satellites according to the passage?
A．Sending information for weather forecasts.
B．Taking photographs of the Earth.
C．Sending TV pictures.
D．Providing food for airplane pilots.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第一段和第三段首句可以看出，卫星可以传递天气预报信息、拍摄地球照片、传递电视图片等，但是没说为飞行员提供食物，所以选择D项。
6．Why does the satellite move around the world at the same speed as the Earth rotates?
A．In order to take photographs.
B．In order to stay in a certain position in the orbit.
C．In order to move away from its orbit.
D．In order to send television pictures.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第三段内容可以看出，卫星之所以用和地球自转相同的速度绕地球旋转，是为了保持在一定位置上。显然B项正确。
7．What does the underlined word “This” in the 3rd paragraph refer to?
A．A satellite.
B．A little rocket.
C．A satellite seems to stay in the same place in the sky.
D．The satellite puts the rockets in the right position.
解析：选C 代词指代题。this在此替代前文的“Sometimes we can see a satellite in the sky and it seems to stay in the same place.”故选C项。
8．Which is true of satellites?
A．A satellite usually works for about 10～12 years.
B．Every time a satellite gets broken, it is brought back to the Earth to be repaired.
C．A broken satellite is never left in space.
D．Broken satellites often crash into each other.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据最后一段可以看出A项正确。
Ⅱ.语法填空
Friendship is one of the most important things in everyone's life.1. is very difficult to find a better definition (定义) of friendship. A true friend is the person 2. can share all our sadness and double all our happiness. He or she is always at our side to give us his or her help and comfort.
Knowing how 3. (value) friendship is, we should be very careful with our choice of a friend. We should choose those people with a good character 4. our friends, but we must try to avoid 5. (make) friends with a bad man.Besides, we should forgive their mistakes and try to help them as much as possible.
A true friend can always 6. (trust), loved and respected. If you tell a friend your secrets, he or she won't tell them to 7. . Friends share their joys and sorrows. They help each other when they are 8. trouble, and cheer each other up when they are sad.9. most important thing is that a friend always understands you. In conclusion,10. you have made a good friend, don't forget him or her.
【语篇解读】 作者在文中告诉我们如何选择朋友以及如何对待朋友。
1．解析：空处为形式主语，真正的主语是空格后的不定式短语，故空格处填代词It。
答案：It
2．解析：先行词person指人，关系词在从句中作主语，故用who/that引导定语从句。
答案：who/that
3．解析：空处在句中作表语，由此结合语境可知，形容词valuable符合题意。
答案：valuable
4．解析：根据句意“我们应选择那些有优秀品质的人作为朋友”可知，空处填介词as。
答案：as
5．解析：avoid后应该接动词-ing形式作宾语。
答案：making
6．解析：主语是动作的承受者，故空处应用被动语态。
答案：be trusted
7．解析：根据句意可知，others符合题意。
答案：others
8．解析：in trouble为介词短语，意为“处于困境中”。故填介词in。
答案：in
9．解析：空后为形容词的最高级，故空格处填定冠词The。
答案：The
10．解析：本句含有一个状语从句，结合句意“如果我们结交了一位好朋友(当我们结交了一位好朋友的时候)”可知，应用if/when作状语从句的引导词。
答案：if/when
1．observation n．观察
2．orbit n．轨道
3．make a surprising discovery 做出惊人的发现
4．weather forecast 天气预报
5．pilot n．飞行员；导航员
Some satellites have cameras which take photographs of the Earth to show how clouds are moving.
［分析］ 关系代词which在句中引导定语从句，修饰先行词cameras；how在句中引导从句并作动词show的宾语。
［翻译］ 有些卫星带有摄像机，它们对地球拍照来展示云层的运动。
课件19张PPT。Section I Warming Up & Reading基 础 巩 固能 力 提 升语 篇 理 解基 础 巩 固astronomy system theory atom globe atmosphere fundamental multiply oxygen puzzle unlike violent harmful exist solar system in time cool down be fundamental to lay eggs give birth to in one's turn prevent ...from... What it was to become so violent that made it possible forlife to develop whether life will continue on the earth whether thisproblem can be solved 语 篇 理 解能 力 提 升点 击 进 入Unit 4 Section Ⅱ Learning about Language & Using Language
Ⅰ.七选五
Should We Get Rid of Cash?
When it comes to money, many people still think of the paper bill in their wallets. For years, cash (or paper currency) has played an important role in our daily activity. 1
The idea first came up when he read a statistic report about currency distribution released by the US Treasury, the department in control of the central bank. 2 On the other hand, border states like Florida and California, which were heavily involved in drug trafficking (贩毒), see an ever increasing need for large bills.
Rogoff argues that most big bills in circulation were being used for one of two purposes. Profit-motivated crimes such as illegal gambling, drugs, prostitution, loan sharking, the fencing of stolen merchandise take up a major part. Tax evasion (逃税) by people who arrange to receive cash income and don't report it also contribute to its popularity. 3
However, the total amount of cash issued by government is still booming. The government don't know where it goes. 4 But they are happy to know that it's popular, because they make money by making money—about $70 billion a year. It is unlikely that they can enjoy such benefit though. If taken into account the human cost, the enforcement cost, the tax loss, these visible profits will be easily offset.
5 Here's a typical opinion: “The day we go cashless, the government will be able to track your every move. This is nothing more than a call for dictatorship.”
A．He strongly urged the government to do something about it.
B．They don't know who's using it.
C．There are other people who see cash very differently.
D．The problem is that it also aids crime.
E．But Harvard professor Ken Rogoff is now appealing to the government to put it into extinction.
F．He noticed that some regions, like the Midwest, had almost no demand for the $100 bills.
G．But its popularity is slowly decreasing as we have more ways to pay, according to Harvard professor Ken Rogoff.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文。文章以“金钱”为切入点，主要讨论了是否应该取消现金的问题。
1．解析：选E 空前提到现金在我们的日常活动中起重要作用，再结合第二段第一句中的“The idea first came up when he read a statistic report”可以判断，空格处应指但是有人认为应该取消现金。E项承上启下，符合语境。故E项正确。
2．解析：选F 空前提到Rogoff读过一份货币流通的统计报告；空格后提到另一方面，一些涉及大量贩毒的边境地区需要大面额纸币，故空格处应介绍Rogoff从报告中获取的关于不需要大面额现金的信息。F项“他注意到一些地区，像中东，几乎不需要100美元面额的钞票”，符合语境。故F项正确。
3．解析：选A 该段介绍了大面额钞票的两种非法用途：非法获取高额利润和逃税。据此可以判断，空处应为Rogoff对此的看法。A项“他强烈要求政府对此采取措施”承接上文，符合语境。故A项正确。
4．解析：选B 根据空处上一句“The government don't know where it goes.”可知，政府不知道这些钱去哪了；据此可以判断，B项“他们也不知道谁在使用这些现金”与上句相呼应，都是政府的表现。故B项正确。
5．解析：选C 根据空处下一句可知，本段陈述的是对于现金的另外一个观点；据此可判断，C项“也有人对现金有不同看法”，符合语境。故C项正确。
Ⅱ.完形填空
I entered my office on the afternoon of December 20th and began to work.As the volunteer coordinator (协调人), I was 1 for filling 2,500 volunteer positions in the month of December alone.
2 the phone rang.The voice on the other end 3 herself as Kimberly.She said she was 4 to see if there were still any positions for her son Jake, who was expecting a(n) 5 of coming to help.She explained what a 6 it would be for Jake to have something to 7 since he'd been diagnosed (诊断) with cancer.However, I 8 having to tell him I could offer him very little 9 because there were no more positions.
After the phone call, I was deep in thought.Then, Mark, in charge of the pony (矮种马) rides, came in.In a 10 voice, he said, “ 11 I have to lift one more kid on one more horse, I may die.Jessica, I 12 need another one with a strong back, even if it's just for a couple of hours.”
A smile lit up my face, and I said, “I think I 13 a guy.”And a phone call later, Jake was scheduled to 14 Mark each night through the end of the event.
The next day, I made my way toward the pony rides.Jake 15 with his back to me on the platform.Another volunteer waved at me, and Jake 16 . A moment later he 17 me and smiled.
“Jessica！” he said 18 . “Thank you for getting me this 19 .Mark says I'm doing a good job, and also my mom is 20 of me！”Then Jake hugged me.I felt very happy!
【语篇解读】 本文为记叙文。圣诞节前夕，作者为一个癌症患者安排了一次做志愿活动的机会，为此感到非常高兴。
1．A.anxious B．famous
C．responsible D．suitable
解析：选C 根据“As the volunteer coordinator (协调人)”可知，作者负责协调工作。
2．A.Suddenly B．Fortunately
C．Finally D．Slowly
解析：选A 作者在工作的时候，突然电话铃响了。
3．A.considered B．viewed
C．made D．introduced
解析：选D 根据生活常识可知，首次给不认识的人打电话当然需要先做自我介绍。
4．A.coming B．calling
C．running D．leaving
解析：选B 根据“the phone rang”可知，Kimberly是在打电话。
5．A.ability B．opinion
C．chance D．problem
解析：选C 根据最后一段可知，Kimberly的儿子Jake渴望得到参加志愿活动的机会。
6．A.relief B．surprise
C．failure D．question
解析：选A Jake得了癌症，在家无事可做，如果他能获得一次参加志愿活动的机会，这将是一件令人欣慰的事。
7．A.say B．donate
C．need D．do
解析：选D Jake得了癌症，在家无事可做，他很想找件事做。
8．A.risked B．regretted
C．forgot D．stopped
解析：选B 根据“because there were no more positions”可知，作者不得不遗憾地说他为Jake找不到任何事做。
9．A.approval B．money
C．work D．doubt
解析：选C 参见上题。
10．A.tired B．happy
C．calm D．sweet
解析：选A 根据“ 11 I have to lift one more kid on one more horse, I may die.”可知，Mark很疲倦。
11．A.Because B．As
C．Though D．If
解析：选D 根据语境可知，该句意为：如果“我”再将一个小孩扶上马的话，“我”或许会累死。
12．A.never B．really
C．almost D．seldom
解析：选B Mark的工作太累人，他确实还需要一名志愿者帮忙。
13．A.require B．arrange
C．know D．order
解析：选C 得知Mark需要志愿者，作者想到了Jake，所以他说：“我想我知道一个人可以帮忙。”
14．A.help B．praise
C．call D．instruct
解析：选A 根据下文语境“Jake 15 with his back to me on the platform.”可知，Jake是帮Mark做事。
15．A.jumped B．lied
C．slept D．sat
解析：选D Jake背对着作者坐在平台上。
16．A.turned up B．turned around
C．turned off D．turned out
解析：选B 另一个志愿者向作者挥手时，Jake转过身来。
17．A.recognized B．admired
C．met D．accepted
解析：选A 过了一会儿，Jake认出了作者。
18．A.patiently B．quietly
C．excitedly D．coldly
解析：选C 根据Jake说话的内容可判断他非常激动。
19．A.gift B．lesson
C．friend D．job
解析：选D Jake感谢作者给了他这次工作的机会。
20．A.ashamed B．proud
C．aware D．fond
解析：选B 根据“Mark says I'm doing a good job”及“and also”可推断出Jake的妈妈为他感到骄傲。
1．currency n．货币
2．statistic n．统计
3．distribution n．分布
4．release v．发行
5．boom v．繁荣
6．volunteer n．志愿者
课件9张PPT。Section Ⅱ Learning about Language & Using Language基 础 巩 固能 力 提 升基 础 巩 固floated gently satellites physicist exhausted out with through for as up longer out into of larger→large Cheering→Cheer up→out into→in out→over 能 力 提 升点 击 进 入Unit 4 Section Ⅲ Grammar
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
The plan：turn the Mars into a blue world with streams and green fields, and then fill it with creatures from the earth.
This idea may sound like something from science fiction, but it is actually being taken seriously by many researchers.
This suggests the future for the “red planet” will be the main topic for discussion at an international conference hosted by NASA this week. Leading researchers as well as science fiction writers will attend the event. It comes as NASA is preparing a multi-billion-dollar Mars research programme.
“Turning the Mars into a little earth has long been a topic in science fiction，”said Dr.Michael Meyer, NASA's senior scientist. “Now, with scientists exploring the reality, we can ask what are the real possibilities of changing the Mars.”
Most scientists agree that the Mars could be turned into a little earth, although much time and money would be needed to achieve this goal. But many experts are shocked by the idea.
“We are destroying our own world at an unbelievable speed and now we are talking about ruining another planet，” said Paul Murdin from the Institute of Astronomy, Cambridge, UK.
Over the past months, scientists have become increasingly confident they will find Martian life forms. Europe and America's robot explorers have found the proof that water, mixed with soil, exists in large amounts on the planet.
In addition, two different groups of scientists announced on March 28 that they had found signs of methane (甲烷) in the Martian atmosphere; the gas is a waste product of living creatures and could be produced by microbes (微生物) living in the red planet's soil.
But scientists such as Dr.Lisa Pratt, a biologist at Indiana University, say that these microbes will be put in danger by the little earth project.
“Before we have even discovered if there is life on the Mars, we are talking about carrying out projects that would destroy all these native life forms, all the strange microbes that we hope to find buried in the soil，” said Dr. Pratt.
Monica Grady, a planetary scientist at the Natural History Museum, London, shares this view.“We cannot risk starting a global experiment that would wipe out the precious information we are looking for，” she said. “This is just wrong.”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇科普说明文。在太空开拓人类新的生存领地一直是科幻小说的主题，也是人类一直希望实现的梦想。如今，美国的一部分科学家想把红色火星改造成蓝色的“生命天堂”。就这一提议科学家们展开了讨论。
1．The passage is about .
A．a plan turning the Mars into a little earth
B．the necessity of changing the Mars
C．finding water on the Mars
D．the Mars supporting life
解析：选A 主旨大意题。由第一段可以看出，人们计划将火星变为一个小地球。后文就这一计划是否应该实施进行了探讨。故文章是围绕将火星变为小地球这一话题展开的。
2．Why is Dr. Lisa Pratt against the plan?
A．Water has been found on the Mars.
B．It will cost too much money and work.
C．The native life forms on the Mars would be destroyed.
D．The earth is being destroyed at an unbelievable speed.
解析：选C 细节理解题。由倒数第三段中的“... these microbes will be put in danger by the little earth project.”可知，莉萨博士反对该计划的原因是担心火星上的微生物会受到破坏。
3．What could prove the existence of microbes living in the Mars' soil?
A．Liquid water on the Mars.
B．Some creatures on the Mars.
C．A lot of good soil on the Mars.
D．Signs of methane in the Mars' atmosphere.
解析：选D 推理判断题。由倒数第四段可以看出，科学家在火星上发现了甲烷，而甲烷是生物排放出的一种气体。由此科学家认为火星上有生物存在。
4．We can infer from the passage that .
A．water is a key factor for life; without it, living on the Mars would be impossible
B．the project won't affect the native life forms supposed to live on the Mars
C．the idea turning the Mars into a little earth is nothing but science fiction
D．Monica Grady is in favour of carrying out the little earth project
解析：选A 推理判断题。由倒数第五段可知，科学家对于能够在火星上发现生物非常有自信，因为欧洲和美国的机器人已经发现了水存在的证据。由此我们可推知，水是生命存在的重要因素。
B
My cellphone rang while I was working on my computer. I looked at the phone and saw it was my 17-year-old son, Tom. I quickly picked it up. “Mom, I got a 71 on the test. I did it.” With those few words, I could feel my heart start to pound.
Living in New York State, students cannot graduate from high school unless they pass at least five exams: one in English, one in science, two in history and one in math. For most students, who work hard, attend class, and do their homework, it isn't that hard. But for Tom, who is dyslexic (朗读困难的), it is such a real challenge that some teachers have feared he would never be able to even attempt, never mind achieve.
We were honest with him about his trouble, letting him know that there was nothing to be ashamed of. Some people learn differently. If he was willing to work, we would help him find a way to do as much as he could in his academic career. All that was standing in his way was this math test. He had taken it three times and did better each time, but he continued to fail. He was starting to get a bit tired of me saying this was a marathon not a sprint (冲刺). My heart broke each time we would get the failing results.
“Mom, thanks. I love you. Thanks for believing I could do this.”
For one of the few times in my life, I really had nothing left to say. For that one brief moment I knew, really, really, knew that everything we did to help our son achieve what he wanted was worth it.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者的儿子Tom患有朗读困难症，所以学习不好，而纽约的高中要求学生通过五门考试才能毕业。作为母亲，作者想尽一切办法使Tom相信他自己可以做到。经过努力Tom终于通过了考试。
5．What does the underlined word “pound” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?
A．Sink suddenly. B．Beat wildly.
C．Ache violently. D．Break totally.
解析：选B 词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“Mom, I got a 71 on the test. I did it.”并结合下文内容可推断，作者的儿子有朗读困难症，数学考了三次都没及格，这次他考了71分，通过了考试，故作者应该会感到非常激动，心怦怦直跳。故pound应意为“(心脏)剧烈地跳动”，即beat wildly。故答案选B。
6．According to the text, Tom was weak in .
A．English B．science
C．history D．math
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“All that was standing in his way was this math test. He had taken it three times and did better each time, but he continued to fail.”可知，Tom不擅长数学，考了三次都没有及格。故答案选D。
7．How did the writer feel when she wrote this text?
A．She felt proud and satisfied.
B．She felt surprised and bitter.
C．She felt grateful and relaxed.
D．She felt worried and anxious.
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“For that one brief moment I knew, really, really, knew that everything we did to help our son achieve what he wanted was worth it.”可推断，作者对儿子最后通过考试很满意，也为儿子感到骄傲。故答案选A。
8．What can be the best title for the text?
A．A Mother's Love That Made the Grade
B．A Student Who Struggled for a Diploma
C．Failure Is the Mother of Success
D．Life Is Not a Sprint but a Marathon
解析：选A 标题归纳题。纵观全文可知，作者的儿子Tom患有朗读困难症，所以学习不好，而纽约的高中要求学生通过五门考试才能毕业。作为母亲，作者想尽一切办法使Tom相信他自己可以做到。经过努力Tom终于考了71分通过了考试。由此可推断，是母亲的爱使Tom获得了成功。A项符合文章主旨，适合做标题。故答案选A。
Ⅱ.短文改错
Charles is my more unforgettable teacher. I am an average student in high school and wasn't interesting in studying. However, I was quite enthusiastic about performing plays. After Charles knew my interest, he encouraged us. He said that I had a gift for perform and suggested that I made good use of my talent. People usual do well in the things they like, and it is really true. Now I'm a professional actor. I succeeded because of Charles encouraged me a lot. I kept touch with him through letters and phone call until he died in 2003.
答案：
Charles is my unforgettable teacher. I an average student in high school and wasn't in studying. However, I was quite enthusiastic about performing plays. After Charles knew my interest, he encouraged .He said that I had a gift for and suggested that I good use of my talent. People do well in the things they like，and it is really true. Now I'm a professional actor. I succeeded because Charles encouraged me a lot. I kept touch with him through letters and phone until he died in 2003.
1．stream n．溪流
2．science fiction 科幻小说
3．proof n．证据
4．fear v．害怕
5．academic adj.学术的；知识的
Most scientists agree that the Mars could be turned into a little earth， although much time and money would be needed to achieve this goal.
［分析］ although引导让步状语，that引导从句作动词agree的宾语。
［翻译］ 大部分科学家都同意火星能够变成一个地球，尽管这需要很多的时间和金钱来达到这一目标。
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