冲刺2020年江苏高考英语——(阅读理解题)三年真题解读(学案和教案)

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台


冲刺2020年江苏高考英语——(阅读理解题)三年真题解读
写在前面的话
阅读理解在高考江苏卷中占整个总分的四分之一，计30分，其重要性不言而喻，因为阅读理解题的解题成败对我们高考英语成绩的高低影响非常明显。所以对于我们考生而言，弄清楚高考阅读理解的命题特点很有必要。






































一、真题解析
2019
A

56.If you want to take an undergounld journey, which place is the best choice?
A. Pole’s Caven. B. Pavilion Gardens. C. Buxton Museum. D. Green Man Gallery.
57.Buxton Open House & Pavilion Arts Centre is special because it offers ________.
A. rides in small trains B. courses in modcm arts
C. artistic and cultural activities D. basic courses in horse riding
B
In the 1960s, while studying the volcanic history of Yellowstone National Park, Bob Christiansen became puzzled about something that, oddly, had not troubled anyone before: he couldn’t find the park’s volcano. It had been known for a long time that Yellowstone was volcanic in nature—that’s what accounted for all its hot springs and other steamy features. But Christiansen couldn’t find the Yellowstone volcano anywhere.
Most of us, when we talk about volcanoes, think of the classic cone(圆锥体)shapes of a Fuji or Kilimanjaro，which are created when erupting magma(岩浆)piles up. These can form remarkably quickly. In 1943, a Mexican farmer was surprised to see smoke rising from a small part of his land. In one week he was the confused owner of a cone five hundred feet high. Within two years it had topped out at almost fourteen hundred feet and was more than half a mile across. Altogether there are some ten thousand of these volcanoes on Earth, all but a few hundred of them extinct. There is, however, a second les known type of volcano that doesn’t involve mountain building. These are volcanoes so explosive that they burst open in a single big crack, leaving behind a vast hole, the caldera. Yellowstone obviously was of this second type, but Christiansen couldn’t find the caldera anywhere.
Just at this time NASA decided to test some new high-altitude cameras by taking photographs of Yellowstone. A thoughtful official passed on some of the copies to the park authorities on the assumption that they might make a nice blow-up for one of the visitors’ centers. As soon as Christiansen saw the photos, he realized why he had failed to spot the caldera; almost the whole park-2.2 million acres—was caldera. The explosion had left a hole more than forty miles across—much too huge to be seen from anywhere at ground level. At some time in the past Yellowstone must have blown up with a violence far beyond the scale of anything known to humans.
58.What puzzled Christiansen when he was studying Yellowstone？
A. Its complicated geographical features. B. Its ever-lasting influence on tourism.
C. The mysterious history of the park. D. The exact location of the volcano.
59.What does the second-paragraph mainly talk about？
A. The shapes of volcanoes. B. The impacts of volcanoes.
C. The activities of volcanoes. D. The heights of volcanoes.
60.What does the underlined word “blow-up” in the last paragraph most probably mean？
A. Hot-air balloon. B. Digital camera. C. Big photograph. D. Bird’s view.
C
Who cares if people think wrongly that the Internet has had more important influences than the washing machine? Why does it matter that people are more impressed by the most recent changes?
It would not matter if these misjudgments were just a matter of people’s opinions. However, they have real impacts, as they result in misguided use of scarce resources.
The fascination with the ICT(Information and Communication Technology) revolution, represented by the Internet, has made some rich countries wrongly conclude that making things is so “yesterday” that they should try to live on ideas. This belief in “post-industrial society” has led those countries to neglect their manufacturing sector(制造业)with negative consequences for their economies.
Even more worryingly, the fascination with the Internet by people in rich countries has moved the international community to worry about the “digital divide” between the rich countries and the poor countries. This has led companies and individuals to donate money to developing countries to buy computer equipment and Internet facilities. The question, however, is whether this is what the developing countries need the most. Perhaps giving money for those less fashionable things such as digging wells, extending electricity networks and making more affordable washing machines would have improved people’s lives more than giving every child a laptop computer or setting up Internet centres in rural villages, I am not saying that those things are necessarily more important, but many donators have rushed into fancy programmes without carefully assessing the relative long-term costs and benefits of alternative uses of their money.
In yet another example, a fascination with the new has led people to believe that the recent changes in the technologies of communications and transportation are so revolutionary that now we live in a “borderless world”. As a result, in the last twenty years or so, many people have come to believe that whatever change is happening today is the result of great technological progress, going against which will be like trying to turn the clock back. Believing in such a world, many governments have put an end to some of the very necessary regulations on cross-border flows of capital, labour and goods, with poor results.
Understanding technological trends is very important for correctly designing economic policies, both at the national and the international levels, and for making the right career choices at the individual level. However, our fascination with the latest, and our under valuation of what has already become common, can, and has, led us in all sorts of wrong directions.
61.Misjudgments on the influences of new technology can lead to __________.
A. a lack of confidence in technology B. a slow progress in technology
C. a conflict of public opinions D. a waste of limited resources
62.The example in Paragraph 4 suggests that donators should __________.
A. take people’s essential needs into account B. make their programmes attractive to people
C. ensure that each child gets financial support D. provide more affordable internet facilities
63. What has led many governments to remove necessary regulations?
A. Neglecting the impacts of technological advances.
B. Believing that the world has become borderless.
C. Ignoring the power of economic development.
D. Over-emphasizing the role of international communication.
64.What can we learn from the passage?
A. People should be encouraged to make more donations.
B. Traditional technology still has a place nowadays.
C. Making right career choices is crucial to personal success.
D. Economic policies should follow technological trends.
D
The 65-year-old Steve Goodwin was found suffering from early Alzheimer’s(阿尔楚海默症). He was losing his memory.
A software engineer by profession, Steve was a keen lover of the piano, and the only musician in his family. Music was his true passion, though he had never performed outside the family.
Melissa, his daughter, felt it more than worthwhile to save his music, to which she fell asleep catch night when she was young. She thought about hiring a professional pianist to work with her father.
Naomi, Melissa’s best friend and a talented pianist, got to know about this and showed willingness to help.
“Why do this?” Steve wondered.
“Because she cares.” Melissa said.
Steve nodded, tears in eye.
Naomi drove to the Goodwin home. She told Steve she’d love to hear him play. Steve moved to the piano and sat at the bench, hands trembling as he gently placed his fingers on the keys.
Naomi put a small recorder near the piano, Starts and stops and mistakes. Long pauses, heart sinking. But Steve pressed on, playing for the first time in his life for a stranger.
“It was beautiful." Naomi said after listening to the recording. “The music was worth saving.”
Her responsibility, her privilege, would be to rescue it. The music was sill in Steve Goodwin. It was bidden in rooms with doors about to be locked.
Naomi and Steve met every other week and spent hours together. He’d move his fingers clumsily on the piano, and then she’d take his place. He struggled to explain what he heard in his head. He stood by the piano, eyes closed, listening for the first time to his own work being played by someone else.
Steve and Naomi spoke in musical code lines, beats, intervals, moving from the root to end a song in a new key. Steve heard it. All of it. He just couldn’t play it.
Working with Naomi did wonders for Steve. It had excited within him the belief he could write one last song. One day, Naomi received an email. Attached was a recording, a recording of loss and love, of the fight. Steve called it “Melancholy Flower”.
Naomi heard multiple stops and starts, Steve struggling, searching while his wife Joni called him “honey” and encouraged him. The task was so hard, and Steve, angry and upset, said he was quitting. Joni praised him, telling her husband this could be his signature piece.
Naomi managed to figure out 16 of Steve’s favorite, and most personal songs. With Naomi’s help, the Goodwin family found a sound engineer to record Naomi playing Steve’s songs. Joni thought that would be the end. But it wasn’t.
In the months leading up to the 2016 Oregon Repertory Singers Christmas concert, Naomi told the director she had a special one in mind: “Melancholy Flower”
She told the director about her project with Steve. The director agreed to add it to the playing list. But Naomi would have to ask Steve’s permission. He considered it an honor.
After the concert, Naomi told the family that Steve’s music was beautiful and professional. It needed to be shared in public.
The family rented a former church in downtown Portland and scheduled a concert. By the day of the show, more than 300 people had said they would attend.
By then, Steve was having a hard time remembering the names of some of his friends. He knew the path his life was now taking. He told his family he was at peace.
Steve arrived and sat in the front row, surrounded by his family. The house lights faded. Naomi took the stage. Her fingers. His heart.
65.Why did Melissa want to save her father’s music?
A. His music could stop his disease from worsening.
B. She wanted to please her dying old father.
C. His music deserved to be preserved in the family.
D. She wanted to make her father a professional.
66.After hearing Steve’s playing, Naomi ________.
A. refused to make a comment on it B. was deeply impressed by his music
C. decided to free Steve from suffering D. regretted offering help to her friend
67.How can the process of Steve’s recording be described?
A. It was slow but productive. B. It was beneficial to his health.
C. It was tiresome for Naomi. D. It was vital for Naomi’s career.
68.Before Steve finished “Melancholy Flower," his wife Joni _______.
A. thought the music talent of Steve was exhausted B. didn’t expect the damage the disease brought about
C. didn’t fully realize the value of her husband’s music D. brought her husband’s music career to perfection
69.How did Steve feel at the concert held in downtown Portland？
A. He felt concerned about his illness. B. He sensed a responsibility for music.
C. He regained his faith in music. D. He got into a state of quiet.
70.What can be a suitable title for the passage?
A. The Kindness of Friends B. The Power of Music
C. The Making of a Musician D. The Value of Determination
2018
A

56. How much may they pay if an 11-year-old girl and her working parents visit the museum?
A. $12. B. $37. C. $ 50. D. $ 62.
57. The attraction of the Cloisters museum and gardens lies in the fact that _______.
A. it opens all the year round B. its collections date from the Middle Ages
C. it has a modern European-style garden D. it sells excellent European glass collections
B
In the 1760s, Mathurin Roze opened a series of shops that boasted(享有)a special meat soup called consommé. Although the main attraction was the soup, Roze’s chain shops also set a new standard for dining out, which helped to establish Roze as the inventor of the modern restaurant.
Today, scholars have generated large amounts of instructive research about restaurants. Take visual hints that influence what we eat: diners served themselves about 20 percent more pasta(意大利面食)when their plates matched their food. When a dark-colored cake was served on a black plate rather than a white one, customers recognized it as sweeter and more tasty.
Lighting matters, too. When Berlin restaurant customers ate in darkness, they couldn’t tell how much they’d had: those given extra-large shares ate more than everyone else, none the wiser—they didn’t feel fuller, and they were just as ready for dessert.
Time is money, but that principle means different things for different types of restaurants. Unlike fast-food places, fine dining shops prefer customers to stay longer and spend. One way to encourage customers to stay and order that extra round: put on some Mozart(莫扎特).When classical, rather than pop, music was playing, diners spent more. Fast music hurried diners out.
Particular scents also have an effect: diners who got the scent of lavender(薰衣草)stayed longer and spent more than those who smelled lemon, or no scent.
Meanwhile, things that you might expect to discourage spending—“bad” tables, crowding, high prices — don’t necessarily. Diners at bad tables — next to the kitchen door, say — spent nearly as much as others but soon fled. It can be concluded that restaurant keepers need not “be overly concerned about ‘bad’ tables,” given that they’re profitable. As for crowds, a Hong Kong study found that they increased a restaurant’s reputation, suggesting great food at fair prices. And doubling a buffet’s price led customers to say that its pizza was 11 percent tastier.
58. The underlined phrase “none the wiser” in paragraph 3 most probably implies that the customers were _______.
A. not aware of eating more than usual B. not willing to share food with others
C. not conscious of the food quality D. not fond of the food provided
59. How could a fine dining shop make more profit?
A. Playing classical music. B. Introducing lemon scent.
C. Making the light brighter. D. Using plates of larger size.
60. What does the last paragraph talk about?
A. Tips to attract more customers. B. Problems restaurants are faced with.
C. Ways to improve restaurants’ reputation. D. Common misunderstandings about restaurants.
C
If you want to disturb the car industry, you’d better have a few billion dollars: Mom-and-pop carmakers are unlikely to beat the biggest car companies. But in agriculture, small farmers can get the best of the major players. By connecting directly with customers, and by responding quickly to changes in the markets as well as in the ecosystems(生态系统), small farmers can keep one step ahead of the big guys. As the co-founder of the National Young Farmers Coalition (NYFC, 美国青年农会) and a family farmer myself, I have a front-row seat to the innovations among small farmers that are transforming the industry.
For example, take the Quick Cut Greens Harvester, a tool developed just a couple of years ago by a young farmer, Jonathan Dysinger, in Tennessee, with a small loan from a local Slow Money group. It enables small-scale farmers to harvest 175 pounds of green vegetables per hour—a huge improvement over harvesting just a few dozen pounds by hand—suddenly making it possible for the little guys to compete with large farms of California. Before the tool came out, small farmers couldn’t touch the price per pound offered by California farms. But now, with the combination of a better price point and a generally fresher product, they can stay in business.
The sustainable success of small farmers, though, won’t happen without fundamental changes to the industry. One crucial factor is secure access to land. Competition from investors, developers, and established large farmers makes owning one’s own land unattainable for many new farmers.
From 2004 to 2013, agricultural land values doubled, and they continue to rise in many regions.
Another challenge for more than a million of the most qualified farm workers and managers is a non-existent path to citizenship—the greatest barrier to building a farm of their own. With farmers over the age of 65 outnumbering(多于)farmers younger than 35 by six to one, and with two-thirds of the nation’s farmland in need of a new farmer, we must clear the path for talented people willing to grow the nation’s food.
There are solutions that could light a path toward a more sustainable and fair farm economy, but farmers can’t clumsily put them together before us. We at the NYFC need broad support as we urge Congress to increase farmland conservation, as we push for immigration reform, and as we seek policies that will ensure the success of a diverse and ambitious next generation of farms from all backgrounds. With a new farm bill to be debated in Congress, consumers must take a stand with young farmers.
61. The author mentions car industry at the beginning of the passage to introduce _______.
A. the progress made in car industry B. a special feature of agriculture
C. a trend of development in agriculture D. the importance of investing in car industry
62. What does the author want to illustrate with the example in paragraph 2 ?
A. Loans to small local farmers are necessary.
B. Technology is vital for agricultural development.
C. Competition between small and big farms is fierce
D. Small farmers may gain some advantages over big ones.
63. What is the difficulty for those new famers?
A. To gain more financial aid. B. To hire good farm managers.
C. To have farms of their own. D. To win old farmers’ support.
64. What should farmers do for a more sustainable and fair farm economy?
A. Seek support beyond NYFC. B. Expand farmland conservation.
C. Become members of NYFC. D. Invest more to improve technology.
D
Children as young as ten are becoming dependent on social media for their sense of self-worth, a major study warned.
It found many youngsters(少年)now measure their status by how much public approval they get online, often through “likes”. Some change their behaviour in real life to improve their image on the web.
The report into youngsters aged from 8 to 12 was carried out by Children’s Commissioner(专员)Anne Longfield. She said social media firms were exposing children to major emotional risks, with some youngsters starting secondary school ill-equipped to cope with the tremendous pressure they faced online.
Some social apps were popular among the children even though they supposedly require users to be at least 13. The youngsters admitted planning trips around potential photo-opportunities and then messaging friends—and friends of friends — to demand “likes” for their online posts.
The report found that youngsters felt their friendships could be at risk if they did not respond to social media posts quickly, and around the clock.
Children aged 8 to 10 were “starting to feel happy” when others liked their posts. However, those in the 10 to 12 age group were “concerned with how many people like their posts”, suggesting a “need” for social recognition that gets stronger the older they become.
Miss Longfield warned that a generation of children risked growing up “worried about their appearance and image as a result of the unrealistic lifestyles they follow on platforms, and increasingly anxious about switching off due to the constant demands of social media.
She said: “Children are using social media with family and friends and to play games when they are in primary school. But what starts as fun usage of apps turns into tremendous pressure in real social media interaction at secondary school.”
As their world expanded, she said, children compared themselves to others online in a way that was “hugely damaging in terms of their self-identity, in terms of their confidence, but also in terms of their ability to develop themselves”.
Miss Longfield added: “Then there is this push to connect—if you go offline, will you miss something, will you miss out, will you show that you don’t care about those people you are following, all of those come together
in a huge way at once.”
“For children it is very, very difficult to cope with emotionally.” The Children’s Commissioner for England’s study—life in Likes—found that children as young as 8 were using social media platforms largely for play.
However, the research—involving eight groups of 32 children aged 8 to 12—suggested that as they headed toward their teens, they became increasingly anxious online.
By the time they started secondary school—at age 11—children were already far more aware of their image online and felt under huge pressure to ensure their posts were popular, the report found.
However, they still did not know how to cope with mean-spirited jokes, or the sense of incompetence they might feel if they compared themselves to celebrities(名人)or more brilliant friends online. The report said they also faced pressure to respond to messages at all hours of the day—especially at secondary school when more youngsters have mobile phones.
The Children’s Commissioner said schools and parents must now do more to prepare children for the emotional minefield(雷区)they faced online. And she said social media companies must also “take more responsibility”. They should either monitor their websites better so that children do not sign up too early, or they should adjust their websites to the needs of younger users.
Javed Khan, of children’s charity Bamardo’s, said: “It’s vital that new compulsory age- appropriate relationship and sex education lessons in England should help equip children to deal with the growing demands of social media.
“It’s also hugely important for parents to know which apps their children are using.”
65. Why did some secondary school students feel too much pressure?
A. They were not provided with adequate equipment. B. They were not well prepared for emotional risks.
C. They were required to give quick responses. D. They were prevented from using mobile phones.
66. Some social app companies were to blame because _______.
A. they didn’t adequately check their users’ registration
B. they organized photo trips to attract more youngsters
C. they encouraged youngsters to post more photos
D. they didn’t stop youngsters from staying up late
67. Children’s comparing themselves to others online may lead to _______.
A. less friendliness to each other B. lower self-identity and confidence
C. an increase in online cheating D. a stronger desire to stay online
68. According to Life in Likes, as children grew, they became more anxious to _______.
A. circulate their posts quickly B. know the qualities of their posts
C. use mobile phones for play D. get more public approval
69. What should parents do to solve the problem?
A. Communicate more with secondary schools. B. Urge media companies to create safer apps.
C. Keep track of children’s use of social media. D. Forbid their children from visiting the web.
70. What does the passage mainly talk about?
A. The influence of social media on children. B. The importance of social media to children.
C. The problem in building a healthy relationship. D. The measure to reduce risks from social media.
2017
A

56.What?is?CHRONOLOGICA?according?to?the?next?
A. A?biography.? B. A?travel?guide. C. A?history?book.?? D. A?science?fiction.
57.How?does?the?writer?recommend?CHRONOLOGICA?to?readers?
A. By?giving?details?of?its?collection. B. By?introducing?some?of?its?contents.?
C. By?telling?stories?at?the?beginning.? D. By?comparing?it?with?other?books.
B
Before birth, babies can tell the difference between loud sounds and voices. They can even distinguish their mother’s voice from that of a female stranger. But when it comes to embryonic learning(胎教), birds could rule the roost. As recently reported in The Auk: Ornithological Advances, some mother birds may teach their young to sing even before they hatch(孵化). New-born chicks can then imitate their mom’s call within a few days of entering the world.
This educational method was first observed in 2012 by Sonia Kieindorfer, a biologist at Flinders University in South Australia, and her colleagues. Female Australian superb fairy wrens were found to repeat one sound over and over again while hatching their errs, when the errs were hatched, the baby birds made the similar chirp to their mothers—around that served as their regular “feed me!” call.
To find out if the special quality was more widespread in birds, the researchers sought the red-backed fairy wren, another species of Australian songbird. First they collected sound data from 67 nests in four sites in Queensland before and after hatching. Then they identified begging calls by analyzing the order and number of notes. A computer analysis blindly compared calls produced by mothers and chicks, ranking them by similarity.
It turns out that baby red-backed fairy wrens also emerge chirping like their moms. And the more frequently mothers had called to their errs, the more similar were the babies’ begging calls. In addition, the team set up a separate experiment that suggested that the baby birds that most closely imitated their mom’s voice were rewarded with the most food.
This observation hints that effective embryonic learning could signal neurological(神经系统的)strengths of children to parents. An evolutionary inference can then be drawn. “As a parent, do you invest in quality children, or do you invest in children that are in need?” Kleindorfer asks.” Our results suggest that they might be going for quality.”
58.The underlined phrase in Paragraph 1 means “_______”.
A. be the worst B. be the best C. be the as bad D. be just as good
59.What are Kleindorfer’s findings based on?
A. Similarities between the calls of moms and chicks. B. The observation of fairy wrens across Australia.
C. The data collected from Queensland’s locals. D. Controlled experiments on wrens and other birds.
60.Embryonic learning helps mother birds to identify the baby birds which _______.
A. can receive quality signals B. are in need of training
C. fit the environment better D. make the loudest call
C
A new commodity brings about a highly profitable, fast-growing industry, urging antitrust(反垄断)regulators to step in to check those who control its flow. A century ago, the resource in question was oil. Now similar concerns are being raised by the giants(巨头)that deal in data, the oil of the digital age. The most valuable firms are Google, Amazon, Facebook and Microsoft. All look unstoppable.
Such situations have led to calls for the tech giants to be broken up. But size alone is not a crime. The giants’ success has benefited consumers. Few want to live without search engines or a quick delivery, Far from charging consumers high prices, many of these services are free(users pay, in effect, by handing over yet more data). And the appearance of new-born giants suggests that newcomers can make waves, too.
But there is cause for concern. The internet has made data abundant, all-present and far more valuable, changing the nature of data and competition. Google initially used the data collected from users to target advertising better. But recently it has discovered that data can be turned into new services: translation and visual recognition, to be sold to other companies. Internet companies’ control of data gives them enormous power. So they have a “God’s eye view” of activities in their own markets and beyond.
This nature of data makes the antitrust measures of the past less useful. Breaking up firms like Google into five small ones would not stop remaking themselves: in time, one of them would become great again. A rethink is required—and as a new approach starts to become apparent, two ideas stand out.
The first is that antitrust authorities need to move form the industrial age into the 21st century. When considering a merger(兼并), for example, they have traditionally used size to determine when to step in. They now need to take into account the extent of firms’ data assets(资产)when assessing the impact of deals. The purchase price could also be a signal that an established company is buying a new-born threat. When this takes place, especially when a new-born company has no revenue to speak of, the regulators should raise red flags.
The?second?principle?is?to?loosen?the?control?that?providers?of?on-line?services?have?over?data?and?give?more?to
those?who?supply?them. Companies?could?be?forced?to?consumers?what?information?they?hold?and?how?much
?money?they?make?from?it. Governments?could?order?the?sharing?of?certain?kinds?of?data, with?users’?consent.
Restarting?antitrust?for?the?information?age?will?not?be?easy.?But?if?governments?don’t?wants?a?data?economy?
by?a?few?giants, they?must?act?soon.
61.Why is there a call to break up giants?
A. They have controlled the data market. B. They collect enormous private data.
C. They no longer provide free services. D. They dismissed some new-born giants.
62.What does the technological innovation in Paragraph 3 indicate?
A. Data giants’ technology is very expensive. B. Google’s idea is popular among data firms
C. Data can strengthen giants’ controlling position. D. Data can be turned into new services or products
63.By paying attention to firms’ data assets, antitrust regulators could _______.
A. kill a new threat B. avoid the size trap
C. favour bigger firms D. charge higher prices
64.What is the purpose of loosening the giants’ control of data?
A. Big companies could relieve data security pressure. B. Governments could relieve their financial pressure.
C. Consumers could better protect their privacy. D. Small companies could get more opportunities.
D
Old Problem, New Approaches
While clean energy is increasingly used in our daily life, global warning will continue for some decades after CO2 emissions(排放)peak. So even if emission were to begin decrease today, we would still face the challenge of adapting to climate. Here I will stress some smarter and more creative examples of climate adaptation.
When it comes to adaptation, it is important to understand that climate change is a process. We are therefore not talking about adapting to a new standard, but to a constantly shifting set of conditions. This is why in part at least, the US National Climate Assessment says that: “there is no ‘one-size fit all’ adaptation.” Nevertheless, there are some actions that offer much and carry little risk or cost.
Around the world people are adapting in surprising ways, especially in some poor countries, Floods have some more damaging in Bangladesh in recent decades. Mohammed Rezwan saw opportunity where others saw only disaster. His not-for-profit organization runs 100 river boats that server as floating libraries, schools, and health clinics, and are equipment with solar panels and other communication facilities. Rezwan is creating floating connectivity(连体)to replace flooded roads and highways. But he is also working at a far more fundamental level: his staff people how to make floating gardens fish ponds prevent starvation during the wet season.
Around the world, people are adapting in surprising ways, especially in some poor countries, Floods have become more damaging in Bangladesh in recent decades. Mohammed Rezwan saw opportunity where others saw only disaster. His not-for-profit organization runs 100 river boats that serve as floating libraries, schools, and health clinics, and are equipped with solar panels and other communicating facilities. Rezwan is creating floating connectivity(连接) to replace flooded roads and highways. But he is also working at a far more fundamental level: his staff show people how to make floating gardens and fish ponds to prevent starvation during the wet season.
Elsewhere in Asia even more astonishing actions are being taken. Chewang. Norphel lives in a mountainous region in India, where he is known as the Ice Man. The loss of glaciers(冰川)there due to global warming represents an enormous threat to agriculture. Without the glaciers, water will arrive in the rivers at times when it can damage crops. Norphel’s inspiration come from seeing the waste of water over winter, when it was not needed. He directed the wasted water into shallow basins where it froze, and was stored until the spring. His fields of ice supply perfectly timed irrigation(灌溉)water. Having created nine such ice reserves. Norphel calculates that he has stored about 200, 000m3 of water. Climate change is a continuing process, so Norphel’s ice reserves will not last forever. Warming will overtake them. But he is providing a few years during which the farmers will, perhaps, be able to find other means of adapting.
Increasing Earth’s reflectiveness can cool the planet. In southern Spain the sudden increase of greenhouses (which reflect light back to space)has changed the warming trend locally, and actually cooled the region. While Spain as a whole is heating up quickly, temperatures near the greenhouses have decreased. This example should act as an inspiration for all cities. By painting buildings white, cities may slow down the warming process.
In Peru, local farmers around a mountain with a glacier that has already fallen victim to climate change have begun painting the entire mountain peak white in the hope that the added reflectiveness will restore the life-giving ice. The outcome is still far from clear, But the World Bank has included the project on its of “100 ideas to save the planet”.
More ordinary forms of adaptation are happening everywhere. A friend of mine owns an area of land in western Victoria. Over five generations the land has been too wet for cropping. But during the past decade declining rainfall has allows him to plant highly profitable crops. Farmers in many countries are also adapting like this—either by growing new produce, or by growing the same things differently. This is common sense, But some suggestions for adapting are not. When the polluting industries argue that we’ve lost the battle to control carbon pollution and have no choice but to adapt, it’s a nonsense designed to make the case for business as usual.
Human beings will continue to adapt to the changing climate in both ordinary and astonishing ways. But the most sensible form of adaptation is surely to adapt our energy systems to emit less carbon pollution. After all, if we adapt in the way, we may avoid the need to change in so many others.
65.The underlined part in Paragraph 2 implies _______.
A. adaptation is an ever-changing process B. the cost of adaptation varies with time
C. global warming affects adaptation forms D. adaptation to climate change is challenging
66.What is special with regard to Rezwan’s project?
A. The project receives government support. B. Different organizations work with each other.
C. His organization makes the best of a bad situation. D. The project connects flooded roads and highways.
67.What did the Ice Man do to reduce the effect of global warming?
A. Storing ice for future use. B. Protecting the glaciers from melting.
C. Changing the irrigation time. D. Postponing the melting of the glaciers.
68.What do we learn from the Peru example?
A. White paint is usually safe for buildings. B. The global warming tread cannot be stopped.
C. This country is heating up too quickly. D. Sunlight reflection may relieve global warming.
69.According to the author, polluting industries should _______.
A. adapt to carbon pollution B. plant highly profitable crops
C. leave carbon emission alone D. fight against carbon pollution
70.What’s the author’s preferred solution to global warming?
A. setting up a new standard. B. Reducing carbon emission.
C. Adapting to climate change. D. Monitoring polluting industries.
二、考点解读
2019年考情统计(表1)
篇 目 体 裁 题 号 题 型
A篇 56
57
B篇 58
59
60
C篇 61
62
63
64
D篇 65
66
67
68
69
70
说明：有时细节理解题与推理判断题比较难以界定，所以只好“仁者见仁智者见智”了(下同)。
2018年考情统计(表3)
篇 目 体 裁 题 号 题 型
A篇 56
57
B篇 58
59
60
C篇 61
62
63
64
D篇 65
66
67
68
69
70
2017年考情统计(表2)
篇 目 体 裁 题 号 题 型
A篇 56
57
B篇 58
59
60
C篇 61
62
63
64
D篇 65
66
67
68
69
70
三年考情统计(表4)
年份内容　　　 2019 2018 2017
体裁 应用文
说明文
记叙文
议论文
题型 细节理解题
推理判断题
主旨大意题
词义/句意猜测题
根据以上统计我们可以得出以下结论：







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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台


冲刺2020年江苏高考英语——(阅读理解题)三年真题解读
写在前面的话
阅读理解在高考江苏卷中占整个总分的四分之一，计30分，其重要性不言而喻，因为阅读理解题的解题成败对我们高考英语成绩的高低影响非常明显。所以对于我们考生而言，弄清楚高考阅读理解的命题特点很有必要。

























一、真题解析
2019
A

【语篇简析】浏览三个划线粗体字标题结合文中的第一段就一句话可知：这是一篇应用文(Buxton游乐场的宣传海报)，主要介绍了三个活动项目。
56.If you want to take an undergounld journey, which place is the best choice?
A. Pole’s Caven. B. Pavilion Gardens. C. Buxton Museum. D. Green Man Gallery.
【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。由High energy标题中的“...or journey beneath the earth at Poole’s Cavern”可知，在 Poole’s Cavern，可以在地下旅行，也就是乘坐地铁旅行。所以如果你想乘地铁旅行，Poole’s Cavern是你最好的选择。故A选项正确。
57.Buxton Open House & Pavilion Arts Centre is special because it offers ________.
A. rides in small trains B. courses in modcm arts
C. artistic and cultural activities D. basic courses in horse riding
【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。由High minded标题中的“Buxton is justifiably proud of it’s cultural life and you will find much to suit all tastes with art, music, opera, and the performing arts at Buxton Opera House & Pavilion Arts Center and Green Man Gallery”可知，Buxton以其丰富的文化生活而自豪；在Buxton Opera House & Pavilion Arts Center and Green Man Gallery，您将发现许多适合各种品味的艺术、音乐、歌剧和表演艺术。所以Buxton Opera House & Pavilion Arts Center特别是因为它提供艺术和文化活动。故C选项正确。
B
In the 1960s, while studying the volcanic history of Yellowstone National Park, Bob Christiansen became puzzled about something that, oddly, had not troubled anyone before: he couldn’t find the park’s volcano. It had been known for a long time that Yellowstone was volcanic in nature—that’s what accounted for all its hot springs and other steamy features. But Christiansen couldn’t find the Yellowstone volcano anywhere.
Most of us, when we talk about volcanoes, think of the classic cone(圆锥体)shapes of a Fuji or Kilimanjaro，which are created when erupting magma(岩浆)piles up. These can form remarkably quickly. In 1943, a Mexican farmer was surprised to see smoke rising from a small part of his land. In one week he was the confused owner of a cone five hundred feet high. Within two years it had topped out at almost fourteen hundred feet and was more than half a mile across. Altogether there are some ten thousand of these volcanoes on Earth, all but a few hundred of them extinct. There is, however, a second les known type of volcano that doesn’t involve mountain building. These are volcanoes so explosive that they burst open in a single big crack, leaving behind a vast hole, the caldera. Yellowstone obviously was of this second type, but Christiansen couldn’t find the caldera anywhere.
Just at this time NASA decided to test some new high-altitude cameras by taking photographs of Yellowstone. A thoughtful official passed on some of the copies to the park authorities on the assumption that they might make a nice blow-up for one of the visitors’ centers. As soon as Christiansen saw the photos, he realized why he had failed to spot the caldera; almost the whole park-2.2 million acres—was caldera. The explosion had left a hole more than forty miles across—much too huge to be seen from anywhere at ground level. At some time in the past Yellowstone must have blown up with a violence far beyond the scale of anything known to humans.
【语篇简析】本篇为说明文。短文第一句“在20世纪60年代，在研究黄石国家公园的火山历史时，鲍勃·克里斯蒂安森对一些奇怪的事情感到困惑：他找不到公园的火山”提出话题，接着解惑：原来，这儿的火山并不是像我们大部分人想象的那种圆锥体形状的高耸的样子，而是一个巨大的洞，这个洞太大了以至于从地面上的任何地方都看不见。
58.What puzzled Christiansen when he was studying Yellowstone？
A. Its complicated geographical features. B. Its ever-lasting influence on tourism.
C. The mysterious history of the park. D. The exact location of the volcano.
【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句But Christiansen couldn’t find the Yellowstone volcano anywhere.可知，他困惑的是到处看不到火山。这里转换表达成他困惑的是火山的恰切位置。故选D。
59.What does the second-paragraph mainly talk about？
A. The shapes of volcanoes. B. The impacts of volcanoes.
C. The activities of volcanoes. D. The heights of volcanoes.
【答案】A
【解析】主旨大意题。本段讲述了两种形状的火山，一种是通常人们所理解的由火山岩浆堆积形成的圆锥体，还有一种极具爆发力的火山，它们会在一个大裂缝中爆裂，留下一个巨大的洞，故选A。
60.What does the underlined word “blow-up” in the last paragraph most probably mean？
A. Hot-air balloon. B. Digital camera. C. Big photograph. D. Bird’s view.
【答案】C
【解析】词义猜测题。根据第三段第一句Just at this time NASA decided to test some new high-altitude cameras by taking photographs of Yellowstone. A thoughtful official passed on some of the copies to the park authorities on the assumption that they might make a nice blow-up for one of the visitors’ centers.可知，美国国家航空和宇宙航行局为测试一些新的高海拔照相机而拍摄了黄石公园的照片。一位深思熟虑的官员把其中的一些照片副本转交给了公园管理部门，认为他们可能会将其放大以供其中一个游客中心展示。故可知，此处意为将照片放大，选C。
C
Who cares if people think wrongly that the Internet has had more important influences than the washing machine? Why does it matter that people are more impressed by the most recent changes?
It would not matter if these misjudgments were just a matter of people’s opinions. However, they have real impacts, as they result in misguided use of scarce resources.
The fascination with the ICT(Information and Communication Technology) revolution, represented by the Internet, has made some rich countries wrongly conclude that making things is so “yesterday” that they should try to live on ideas. This belief in “post-industrial society” has led those countries to neglect their manufacturing sector(制造业)with negative consequences for their economies.
Even more worryingly, the fascination with the Internet by people in rich countries has moved the international community to worry about the “digital divide” between the rich countries and the poor countries. This has led companies and individuals to donate money to developing countries to buy computer equipment and Internet facilities. The question, however, is whether this is what the developing countries need the most. Perhaps giving money for those less fashionable things such as digging wells, extending electricity networks and making more affordable washing machines would have improved people’s lives more than giving every child a laptop computer or setting up Internet centres in rural villages, I am not saying that those things are necessarily more important, but many donators have rushed into fancy programmes without carefully assessing the relative long-term costs and benefits of alternative uses of their money.
In yet another example, a fascination with the new has led people to believe that the recent changes in the technologies of communications and transportation are so revolutionary that now we live in a “borderless world”. As a result, in the last twenty years or so, many people have come to believe that whatever change is happening today is the result of great technological progress, going against which will be like trying to turn the clock back. Believing in such a world, many governments have put an end to some of the very necessary regulations on cross-border flows of capital, labour and goods, with poor results.
Understanding technological trends is very important for correctly designing economic policies, both at the national and the international levels, and for making the right career choices at the individual level. However, our fascination with the latest, and our under valuation of what has already become common, can, and has, led us in all sorts of wrong directions.
【语篇简析】本文属于议论文。作者一开始提出问题：谁在乎人们错误地认为互联网比洗衣机有更重要的影响？为什么人们对最近的变化印象更深刻这一点很重要？作者接着提出自己的观点：如果错误的判断仅仅是人们的意见而已，那到没有多大关系。然而，错误的判断会有实际的影响——导致稀缺资源的使用不当。然后进行具体的论述，最后得出结论：我们不应该一味盲目地追求最新科技的运用，传统的科技在今天依然占有一席之地。
61.Misjudgments on the influences of new technology can lead to __________.
A. a lack of confidence in technology B. a slow progress in technology
C. a conflict of public opinions D. a waste of limited resources
【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。根据misjudgments定位到第二段：It would not matter if these misjudgments were just a matter of people’s opinions. However, they have real impacts, as they result in misguided use of scarce resources.可知：如果错误的判断仅仅是人们的意见而已，那到没有多大关系。然而，错误的判断会有实际的影响——导致稀缺资源的使用不当。其中题干中的lead to与原文中的result in为同义替换；选项中的limited与原文中的scarce为同义替换。其他三个选项(导致缺乏科技自信/缓慢的科技发展进程/大众观点的冲突)都不符合原文意思。故选D。
62.The example in Paragraph 4 suggests that donators should __________.
A. take people’s essential needs into account B. make their programmes attractive to people
C. ensure that each child gets financial support D. provide more affordable internet facilities
【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。第四段讲的是人们对科技的过度迷恋与观念上的误区使得他们在帮助发展中国家和贫困地区时在捐助物品上的选择错误。第四行的转折词however后提出捐赠者赠予的电脑与互联网设备并非是发展中国家最需要的，也许实用性强的产品相对于给每个孩子一台电脑更能帮助提升人们的生活水平，由第六行的more than比较关系可以排除D选项；根据这一段主要讲的内容(捐赠者在捐赠物资上的类型选择，而不是直接捐款)可以排除C选项；由段尾句“many donators have rushed into fancy programmes without carefully assessing the relative long-term costs and benefits of alternative uses of their money.” 可知捐赠者的捐助要考虑到人们的实际需求，故推断选项A正确。B选项“使得该项目更为吸引人”与题意无关。
63. What has led many governments to remove necessary regulations?
A. Neglecting the impacts of technological advances.
B. Believing that the world has become borderless.
C. Ignoring the power of economic development.
D. Over-emphasizing the role of international communication.
【答案】B
【解析】推理判断题。由第五段最后一句“Believing in such a world, many governments have put an end to some of the very necessary regulations on cross-border flows of capital, labour and goods, with poor results.”不难看出这道题的重点在于要弄清楚 “Believing in such a world” 到底指的是什么。看本段第一句可知：对于新兴科技的迷恋已经导致人们相信，最近通信和运输科技方面的变化出现如此彻底的变革，以至于我们现在生活在一个“无国界的世界”里。因此“such a world”指的就是“a borderless world”，故选B项(是对以上这句话的同义替换)。其余三个选项(忽略了科技进步的影响/忽略了经济发展的力量/过度强调国际交流的角色作用)表里不一，没有答在点子上。
64.What can we learn from the passage?
A. People should be encouraged to make more donations.
B. Traditional technology still has a place nowadays.
C. Making right career choices is crucial to personal success.
D. Economic policies should follow technological trends.
【答案】B
【解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“However, our fascination with the latest, and our under valuation
of what has already become common, can, and has, led us in all sorts of wrong directions.”可知：对
于最新科技的迷恋，加上我们对于最新流行趋势的低估，可能会并且已经做出了很多错
误的决定。言下之意：我们不应该一味盲目地追求最新科技的运用，也就是B选项所说“传
统的科技在今天依然占有一席之地”。此选项也可以由第三段最后一句：This belief in
“post-industrial society” has led those countries to neglect their manufacturing sector(制造业)with negative consequences for their economies.(这些国家忽略了传统的制造业，导致对他们经济产
生了负面的影响)得到验证。根据62题的答案可以排除A选项：人们捐钱固然很好，但是仍
然需要理智判断该把钱捐到那些正确的方面上；C选项：作出正确的职业选择对于个人的成功
是关键。这是在偷换概念，对原文的曲解。因为原文的意思是：理解科技趋势对于在个体水
平上做出正确的职业决定很重要(重要的是理解科技趋势，而不是做出正确的职业选择)；D选
项：经济政策应该跟随科技趋势，与C选项错误的原因相一致。
D
The 65-year-old Steve Goodwin was found suffering from early Alzheimer’s(阿尔楚海默症). He was losing his memory.
A software engineer by profession, Steve was a keen lover of the piano, and the only musician in his family. Music was his true passion, though he had never performed outside the family.
Melissa, his daughter, felt it more than worthwhile to save his music, to which she fell asleep catch night when she was young. She thought about hiring a professional pianist to work with her father.
Naomi, Melissa’s best friend and a talented pianist, got to know about this and showed willingness to help.
“Why do this?” Steve wondered.
“Because she cares.” Melissa said.
Steve nodded, tears in eye.
Naomi drove to the Goodwin home. She told Steve she’d love to hear him play. Steve moved to the piano and sat at the bench, hands trembling as he gently placed his fingers on the keys.
Naomi put a small recorder near the piano, Starts and stops and mistakes. Long pauses, heart sinking. But Steve pressed on, playing for the first time in his life for a stranger.
“It was beautiful." Naomi said after listening to the recording. “The music was worth saving.”
Her responsibility, her privilege, would be to rescue it. The music was sill in Steve Goodwin. It was bidden in rooms with doors about to be locked.
Naomi and Steve met every other week and spent hours together. He’d move his fingers clumsily on the piano, and then she’d take his place. He struggled to explain what he heard in his head. He stood by the piano, eyes closed, listening for the first time to his own work being played by someone else.
Steve and Naomi spoke in musical code lines, beats, intervals, moving from the root to end a song in a new key. Steve heard it. All of it. He just couldn’t play it.
Working with Naomi did wonders for Steve. It had excited within him the belief he could write one last song. One day, Naomi received an email. Attached was a recording, a recording of loss and love, of the fight. Steve called it “Melancholy Flower”.
Naomi heard multiple stops and starts, Steve struggling, searching while his wife Joni called him “honey” and encouraged him. The task was so hard, and Steve, angry and upset, said he was quitting. Joni praised him, telling her husband this could be his signature piece.
Naomi managed to figure out 16 of Steve’s favorite, and most personal songs. With Naomi’s help, the Goodwin family found a sound engineer to record Naomi playing Steve’s songs. Joni thought that would be the end. But it wasn’t.
In the months leading up to the 2016 Oregon Repertory Singers Christmas concert, Naomi told the director she had a special one in mind: “Melancholy Flower”
She told the director about her project with Steve. The director agreed to add it to the playing list. But Naomi would have to ask Steve’s permission. He considered it an honor.
After the concert, Naomi told the family that Steve’s music was beautiful and professional. It needed to be shared in public.
The family rented a former church in downtown Portland and scheduled a concert. By the day of the show, more than 300 people had said they would attend.
By then, Steve was having a hard time remembering the names of some of his friends. He knew the path his life was now taking. He told his family he was at peace.
Steve arrived and sat in the front row, surrounded by his family. The house lights faded. Naomi took the stage. Her fingers. His heart.
【语篇简析】本文属于记叙文。短文由首句“65岁的古德云被发现患有早期阿尔茨海默氏症，他失去了记忆”展开了故事的叙述：短文介绍了Steve在患阿兹海默症之际，通过女儿的朋友Naomi的帮助，最终留下属于自己乐章并在镇子里的教堂进行演出的故事，
65.Why did Melissa want to save her father’s music?
A. His music could stop his disease from worsening.
B. She wanted to please her dying old father.
C. His music deserved to be preserved in the family.
D. She wanted to make her father a professional.
【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段可知，Steve的专业是学的软件工程，还是一个钢琴的热爱者，是家里唯一的音乐家，音乐是他真正热爱的东西，尽管没有在家以外的地方弹奏过钢琴。根据第三段Melissa, his daughter, felt it more than worthwhile to save his music.可知他的女儿Melissa觉得保存他的音乐很有价值，故选C。本题容易误选B项(Melissa想取悦她快要死去的老父亲)，其实根本目的还是为了帮助父亲保持住音乐方面的才华来对抗遗忘。
66.After hearing Steve’s playing, Naomi ________.
A. refused to make a comment on it B. was deeply impressed by his music
C. decided to free Steve from suffering D. regretted offering help to her friend
【答案】B
【解析】推理判断题。根据第十段 “it was beautiful,” Naomi said after listening to the recording. “ the music was worth saving.”可知，听了录音之后Naomi说很美，值得保存，故可以得出Naomi对Steve的音乐印象深刻，故选B。
67.How can the process of Steve’s recording be described?
A. It was slow but productive. B. It was beneficial to his health.
C. It was tiresome for Naomi. D. It was vital for Naomi’s career.
【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。根据第十二段He’d move his fingers clumsily on the piano, and then she’d take his place. He struggled to explain what he heard in his head.以及第十三段Steve and Naomi spoke in musical code: lines, beats, intervals, moving from the root to end a song in a new key. Steve heard it. All of it, he just couldn’t play it.可知，Steve会笨拙地把手指放在钢琴上，然后Naomi把手指放在他放的地方，并且Steve努力解释脑海里的内容，所有的这些，都是Naomi在弹奏，而Steve在听，故可知这个录制过程很慢。根据第十六段Naomi managed to figure out 16 of Steve’s favorite, and most personal songs.可知作品很多。故选A。BD选项是无中生有，文章根本没有提及；C选项中的“tiresome”明显有误。
68.Before Steve finished “Melancholy Flower," his wife Joni _______.
A. thought the music talent of Steve was exhausted B. didn’t expect the damage the disease brought about
C. didn’t fully realize the value of her husband’s music D. brought her husband’s music career to perfection
【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。根据第十六段Joni thought that would be the end. But it wasn’t.以及后文Steve取得的成就可知在完成Melancholy Flower之前，他的妻子还没完全意识到丈夫的音乐的真正价值，故选C。本题也可以用排除法解题：根据第15段中(Joni在Steve创作过程中的支持和鼓励)可以排除A选项(认为Steve的音乐天赋已然耗尽)；B选项(没有预料到疾病会带来的糟糕后果)是无中生有；D选项(使丈夫的音乐生涯走向完美)是张冠李戴。
69.How did Steve feel at the concert held in downtown Portland？
A. He felt concerned about his illness. B. He sensed a responsibility for music.
C. He regained his faith in music. D. He got into a state of quiet.
【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段He knew the path his life was now taking. He told his family he was at peace.可知，他知道自己一生要选择的路，告诉家人他很平静，故可知，家乡的音乐会让他重新坚定了对音乐的信念，故选D。A选项(他很担心自己的疾病)无中生有；B选项(他感受到了对音乐有一份责任感)是过度推断；D选项(他重拾了对音乐的信念)是在文章第14段有所提及，而不是在最后的Portland音乐会上，所以是张冠李戴。
70.What can be a suitable title for the passage?
A. The Kindness of Friends B. The Power of Music
C. The Making of a Musician D. The Value of Determination
【答案】B
【解析】主旨大意题。本文主要讲述一个钢琴师帮助一个患老年痴呆症的人录制音乐的故事，其录制过程比较艰苦，但是录制的音乐很成功，也让老人对音乐充满了信心。一句话：音乐是Steve和家人对抗疾病的力量之源。故B项“音乐的力量”概括了全文内容，是最佳标题。其余三个选项(朋友的善良/一个音乐家的诞生/决心的价值)都过于片面，不能很好地概况本文主旨大意
2018
A

【语篇简析】浏览一下就可以判断本篇体裁为应用文(广告或旅游指南)。文章主要介绍了The Metropolitan Museum of Art以及分馆The Cloisters Museum and Gardens的相关情况。所测两题都是细节理解题，只要根据相关信息进行解题。
56. How much may they pay if an 11-year-old girl and her working parents visit the museum?
A. $12. B. $37. C. $ 50. D. $ 62.
【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据admission 部分“$25 recommended for adults, $12 recommended for students, free for children under 12 with an adult(12岁以下的孩子在一名成人陪伴下免费)”可知11岁的女孩和她父母去参观博物馆只需付两个成人的票价即25×2=50，故答案为C。
57. The attraction of the Cloisters museum and gardens lies in the fact that _______.
A. it opens all the year round B. its collections date from the Middle Ages
C. it has a modern European-style garden D. it sells excellent European glass collections
【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。本题可以用排除法轻松搞定答案。A选项问题出在“all the year round全年(最后一行说感恩节、圣诞节和元旦节不开放)”(正误参半)；C选项错在并不是一个公园，也不是现代欧洲风格的(颠倒是非)；D选项错在不卖藏品(无中生有)。根据The Cloisters Museum and Gardens 部分“the extensive collection consists of masterworks in sculpture, colored glass, and precious objects from Europe dating from about the 9th to the 15th century.广泛的收藏品包括雕塑、彩色玻璃和珍贵物品的杰作，这些艺术品来自欧洲，可追溯到9世纪至15世纪”可以得知，The Cloisters Museum and Gardens的吸引人的地方在于它的中古时期的收藏品，故选B。
B
In the 1760s, Mathurin Roze opened a series of shops that boasted(享有)a special meat soup called consommé. Although the main attraction was the soup, Roze’s chain shops also set a new standard for dining out, which helped to establish Roze as the inventor of the modern restaurant.
Today, scholars have generated large amounts of instructive research about restaurants. Take visual hints that influence what we eat: diners served themselves about 20 percent more pasta(意大利面食)when their plates matched their food. When a dark-colored cake was served on a black plate rather than a white one, customers recognized it as sweeter and more tasty.
Lighting matters, too. When Berlin restaurant customers ate in darkness, they couldn’t tell how much they’d had: those given extra-large shares ate more than everyone else, none the wiser—they didn’t feel fuller, and they were just as ready for dessert.
Time is money, but that principle means different things for different types of restaurants. Unlike fast-food places, fine dining shops prefer customers to stay longer and spend. One way to encourage customers to stay and order that extra round: put on some Mozart(莫扎特).When classical, rather than pop, music was playing, diners spent more. Fast music hurried diners out.
Particular scents also have an effect: diners who got the scent of lavender(薰衣草)stayed longer and spent more than those who smelled lemon, or no scent.
Meanwhile, things that you might expect to discourage spending—“bad” tables, crowding, high prices — don’t necessarily. Diners at bad tables — next to the kitchen door, say — spent nearly as much as others but soon fled. It can be concluded that restaurant keepers need not “be overly concerned about ‘bad’ tables,” given that they’re profitable. As for crowds, a Hong Kong study found that they increased a restaurant’s reputation, suggesting great food at fair prices. And doubling a buffet’s price led customers to say that its pizza was 11 percent tastier.
【语篇简析】浏览第一段可知本篇体裁为说明文。从第二段地研究“Today, scholars have generated large amounts of instructive research about restaurants.今天，学者们展开了对餐厅的大量指导性研究”可知文章介绍了这些一系列研究及其得出的结论和解决方案。
58. The underlined phrase “none the wiser” in paragraph 3 most probably implies that the customers were _______.
A. not aware of eating more than usual B. not willing to share food with others
C. not conscious of the food quality D. not fond of the food provided
【答案】A
【解析】词义猜测题。前面铺垫的背景是在黑暗的环境下，顾客不知道自己已经吃了多少，给他们上额外的量他们也会继续吃，而破折号后面的内容告诉我们：顾客即使吃的多了也不会觉得自己更饱而且还能继续吃，结合选项应该是：顾客意识不到自己吃得比平时多。本题不难在于BCD三个选项：“不愿意与他人分享食物、没有意识到食物的种质量、不喜欢提供的食物”明显与破折号前后内容不匹配。
59. How could a fine dining shop make more profit?
A. Playing classical music. B. Introducing lemon scent.
C. Making the light brighter. D. Using plates of larger size.
【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。根据“a fine dining shop”定位到第四段中的“One way to encourage customers to stay and order that extra round: put on some Mozart一个鼓励顾客留下来多点菜的方法就是放莫扎特的音乐”可知选A。B选项与文中的叙述“如果食客闻到了薰衣草香，就会比那些闻到柠檬香或者没有闻到香味的食客呆的时间更长，花的钱更多”相矛盾(颠倒是非)；C选项与第三段的叙述也是相矛盾的(颠倒是非)；而D选项文章没有提及(无中生有)，所以用排除方法也可以搞定答案(不过时间耗不起)。
60. What does the last paragraph talk about?
A. Tips to attract more customers. B. Problems restaurants are faced with.
C. Ways to improve restaurants’ reputation. D. Common misunderstandings about restaurants.
【答案】D
【解析】(段落)主旨大意题。文章最后一段澄清了几个误解：所谓的“桌子不太好，人太多，价格太高”都不是影响人们消费的因素。然后依次举例进行了说明。所以本段主要讲的是人们对于饭店的几个通常的误解，故选D。A选项“吸引更多顾客的建议”，本段并未提到吸引更多顾客的建议。(无中生有，生搬硬套)；B选项“餐馆面临的问题” 本段虽提到了餐馆存在的几个问题，但并不是主要谈及此内容，选项概括得内容范围过大(过于笼统)；C选项“提高饭店声誉的途径”本段提到了一项研究发现指出拥挤提高了一个餐馆的声誉，但这只是本段的一项内容(以偏概全，主次不分)。
C
If you want to disturb the car industry, you’d better have a few billion dollars: Mom-and-pop carmakers are unlikely to beat the biggest car companies. But in agriculture, small farmers can get the best of the major players. By connecting directly with customers, and by responding quickly to changes in the markets as well as in the ecosystems(生态系统), small farmers can keep one step ahead of the big guys. As the co-founder of the National Young Farmers Coalition (NYFC, 美国青年农会) and a family farmer myself, I have a front-row seat to the innovations among small farmers that are transforming the industry.
For example, take the Quick Cut Greens Harvester, a tool developed just a couple of years ago by a young farmer, Jonathan Dysinger, in Tennessee, with a small loan from a local Slow Money group. It enables small-scale farmers to harvest 175 pounds of green vegetables per hour—a huge improvement over harvesting just a few dozen pounds by hand—suddenly making it possible for the little guys to compete with large farms of California. Before the tool came out, small farmers couldn’t touch the price per pound offered by California farms. But now, with the combination of a better price point and a generally fresher product, they can stay in business.
The sustainable success of small farmers, though, won’t happen without fundamental changes to the industry. One crucial factor is secure access to land. Competition from investors, developers, and established large farmers makes owning one’s own land unattainable for many new farmers.
From 2004 to 2013, agricultural land values doubled, and they continue to rise in many regions.
Another challenge for more than a million of the most qualified farm workers and managers is a non-existent path to citizenship—the greatest barrier to building a farm of their own. With farmers over the age of 65 outnumbering(多于)farmers younger than 35 by six to one, and with two-thirds of the nation’s farmland in need of a new farmer, we must clear the path for talented people willing to grow the nation’s food.
There are solutions that could light a path toward a more sustainable and fair farm economy, but farmers can’t clumsily put them together before us. We at the NYFC need broad support as we urge Congress to increase farmland conservation, as we push for immigration reform, and as we seek policies that will ensure the success of a diverse and ambitious next generation of farms from all backgrounds. With a new farm bill to be debated in Congress, consumers must take a stand with young farmers.
【语篇简析】浏览文章首段可以判断本篇体裁为议论文。阅读第一句话“如果你想扰乱汽车业，你最好要有几十亿美元：家庭式的汽车制造商不大可能打败那些最大的汽车公司”，我们似乎觉得文章要谈的是“汽车业”的问题。不过再看第二句“但在农业，小农场主能对主要的农场经营者占有优势”我们可知文章转到谈论“农业”的话题上。再连系到下文我们知道作者的身份：美国青年农会的共同创始人、家庭农场主。从以下各段首句，我们可以知道：作者主要分析了美国的小农场主的优势，同时也分析了目前美国农业所面临的问题以及解决问题的办法。
61. The author mentions car industry at the beginning of the passage to introduce _______.
A. the progress made in car industry B. a special feature of agriculture
C. a trend of development in agriculture D. the importance of investing in car industry
【答案】B
【解析】推理判断题。本题根据题干定位到文章第一句话If you want to disturb the car industry, you’d better have a few billion dollars: Mom-and-pop carmakers are unlikely to beat the biggest car companies.可知一般人不可能影响到汽车工业，而根据第二句话的but 可知农业和工业是不同的，接下来就介绍了农业不同于工业的地方，故B正确。
本题也可以这样来考虑解题：浏览备选项可知：AD选项说的是“汽车业”；BC说的是“农业”。根据首段第一句和第二句，不难看出这里讲的是农业，故排除AD选项“汽车业所取得的进步、汽车行业投资的重要性”；C选项“农业的发展趋势”过于笼统；而B选项“农业的一个特别之处”重点突出了“special”跟第一段的叙述相吻合，故选B。
62. What does the author want to illustrate with the example in paragraph 2 ?
A. Loans to small local farmers are necessary.
B. Technology is vital for agricultural development.
C. Competition between small and big farms is fierce
D. Small farmers may gain some advantages over big ones.
【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。根据题干所问看文章第二段。根据该段第二句“It enables small-scale farmers to harvest 175 pounds of green vegetables per hour—a huge improvement over harvesting just a few dozen pounds by hand—suddenly making it possible for the little guys to compete with large farms of California.”可以推知：新农具使小农场收获绿色蔬菜的效率提高，降低了收获成本，再根据最后一句“But now, with the combination of a better price point and a generally fresher product, they can stay in business.”小农场价格与大农场价格接近和小农场产品更新鲜的特点，这使得小农场相对于大农场有了一些相对的优势，故选D。
本题也可以这样来考虑解题：浏览备选项我们看出：AD选项同时提到“规模小和规模大的农场主”，而BC选项“技术对农业发展至关重要、小公司和大公司之前的竞争很激烈”没有提到这个问题。抓住第二段的例子，尤其是“But now, with the combination of a better price point and a generally fresher product, they can stay in business.”可以锁定答案D(小农场主可能比大农场主有一些优势)。
63. What is the difficulty for those new famers?
A. To gain more financial aid. B. To hire good farm managers.
C. To have farms of their own. D. To win old farmers’ support.
【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据题干所问定位到文章第三段。根据文章第三段最后一句话“Competition from investors, developers, and established large farmers makes owning one’s own land unattainable for many new farmers.”可知，投资者、开发商和资深的大农场主之间的竞争使得新的农场主拥有自己的农场是不可能实现的事情。makes owning one’s own land unattainable意思就是“the difficulty for those new farmers is to have farms of their own”。其余 “获得更多经济援助、雇用好的农场经理、赢得农民的支持”等三个选项比较容易排除。
64. What should farmers do for a more sustainable and fair farm economy?
A. Seek support beyond NYFC. B. Expand farmland conservation.
C. Become members of NYFC. D. Invest more to improve technology.
【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。根据题干所问看文章最后一段。根据文章最后一段第二句“We at the NYFC need broad support as we urge Congress to increase farmland conservation, as we push for immigration reform, and as we seek policies that will ensure the success of a diverse and ambitious next generation of farms from all backgrounds.”这个句子很长，所以需要简化才能很清楚地理解其含义。认真分析该句，会发现这是一个复合句，主句是“We at the NYFC need broad support”，其后是三个由as引导的时间状语从句。把这三个状语从句省略，会很清楚地看到这个句子的意思是“我们作为NYFC成员需要广泛的支持”，所以说农场主要想实现可持续发展必须寻求NYFC以外的帮助。故选A(寻求美国青年农会以外的支持)。其余三个选项“扩大农田保护、成为美国青年农会的成员、为改善技术多投资”，比较容易排除。
D
Children as young as ten are becoming dependent on social media for their sense of self-worth, a major study warned.
It found many youngsters(少年)now measure their status by how much public approval they get online, often through “likes”. Some change their behaviour in real life to improve their image on the web.
The report into youngsters aged from 8 to 12 was carried out by Children’s Commissioner(专员)Anne Longfield. She said social media firms were exposing children to major emotional risks, with some youngsters starting secondary school ill-equipped to cope with the tremendous pressure they faced online.
Some social apps were popular among the children even though they supposedly require users to be at least 13. The youngsters admitted planning trips around potential photo-opportunities and then messaging friends—and friends of friends — to demand “likes” for their online posts.
The report found that youngsters felt their friendships could be at risk if they did not respond to social media posts quickly, and around the clock.
Children aged 8 to 10 were “starting to feel happy” when others liked their posts. However, those in the 10 to 12 age group were “concerned with how many people like their posts”, suggesting a “need” for social recognition that gets stronger the older they become.
Miss Longfield warned that a generation of children risked growing up “worried about their appearance and image as a result of the unrealistic lifestyles they follow on platforms, and increasingly anxious about switching off due to the constant demands of social media.
She said: “Children are using social media with family and friends and to play games when they are in primary school. But what starts as fun usage of apps turns into tremendous pressure in real social media interaction at secondary school.”
As their world expanded, she said, children compared themselves to others online in a way that was “hugely damaging in terms of their self-identity, in terms of their confidence, but also in terms of their ability to develop themselves”.
Miss Longfield added: “Then there is this push to connect—if you go offline, will you miss something, will you miss out, will you show that you don’t care about those people you are following, all of those come together
in a huge way at once.”
“For children it is very, very difficult to cope with emotionally.” The Children’s Commissioner for England’s study—life in Likes—found that children as young as 8 were using social media platforms largely for play.
However, the research—involving eight groups of 32 children aged 8 to 12—suggested that as they headed toward their teens, they became increasingly anxious online.
By the time they started secondary school—at age 11—children were already far more aware of their image online and felt under huge pressure to ensure their posts were popular, the report found.
However, they still did not know how to cope with mean-spirited jokes, or the sense of incompetence they might feel if they compared themselves to celebrities(名人)or more brilliant friends online. The report said they also faced pressure to respond to messages at all hours of the day—especially at secondary school when more youngsters have mobile phones.
The Children’s Commissioner said schools and parents must now do more to prepare children for the emotional minefield(雷区)they faced online. And she said social media companies must also “take more responsibility”. They should either monitor their websites better so that children do not sign up too early, or they should adjust their websites to the needs of younger users.
Javed Khan, of children’s charity Bamardo’s, said: “It’s vital that new compulsory age- appropriate relationship and sex education lessons in England should help equip children to deal with the growing demands of social media.
“It’s also hugely important for parents to know which apps their children are using.”
【语篇简析】浏览文章的前三段可知本篇为说明文。文章主要介绍了儿童事务专员安妮·浪菲尔德进行的英国教育专员负责的“点赞中的人生”的项目研究成果。然后快速浏览六道题的题干可以获得更多的信息：这项研究分析了社交媒体和中学生面临的压力二者之间的关系，以及社交媒体对孩子们带来的多重影响。?并分析了原因，提出了建议。
65. Why did some secondary school students feel too much pressure?
A. They were not provided with adequate equipment. B. They were not well prepared for emotional risks.
C. They were required to give quick responses. D. They were prevented from using mobile phones.
【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。根据题干中的“secondary school students”定位到文章第三段。根据该段第二句话“She
said social media firms were exposing children to major emotional risks, with some youngsters starting
secondary school ill-equipped to cope with the tremendous pressure they faced online.她说，社交媒体
公司将儿童暴露在重大的情感风险之中，有些孩子从中学开始就无法应对他们在网上面临的巨大
压力” 可知，一些社交媒体公司正将孩子们暴露于大的情绪风险下，他们还没有能力应付他们在
网上面临的巨大压力。说明B选项正确“(为什么有些中学生觉得压力太大？)是因为他们没有做
好应对情绪风险的准备”。其余三项“没有向他们提供足够的装备、他们被要求迅速作出反应、
他们被禁止使用手机”都不是题干所提问题的原因。
66. Some social app companies were to blame because _______.
A. they didn’t adequately check their users’ registration
B. they organized photo trips to attract more youngsters
C. they encouraged youngsters to post more photos
D. they didn’t stop youngsters from staying up late
【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。根据题干中“social app companies”定位到文章第四段。根据该段第一句话“Some social apps were popular among the children even though they supposedly require users to be at least 13.”可知一些apps 很受孩子们欢迎，尽管它们要求使用者不低于13岁。言外之意，他们没有对孩子的年龄进行监管，故选A(他们没有充分检查用户的注册信息)。这些公司并没有“组织摄影旅行以吸引更多的年轻人”的活动；也没有“鼓励年轻人多发些照片”；更没有“没有阻止年轻人熬夜”，故排除BCD选项。
67. Children’s comparing themselves to others online may lead to _______.
A. less friendliness to each other B. lower self-identity and confidence
C. an increase in online cheating D. a stronger desire to stay online
【答案】B
【解析】推理判断题。根据题干中的“comparing themselves to others online”定位到文章第九段。该段说：她说，随着他们的世界不断扩大，孩子们将自己与网上的其他人进行比较，这种方式对他们的自我认同、自信心和自我发展能力都造成了极大的损害。换句话说：孩子在网上与其他人比较损害他们的自尊心，自信心以及自我发展的能力，故B正确(孩子们在网上与他人比较可能会导致自我认同感和自信心的下降)。其余三个选项“彼此不那么友好、网上作弊的增加、保持在线的强烈愿望”应该排除。
68. According to Life in Likes, as children grew, they became more anxious to _______.
A. circulate their posts quickly B. know the qualities of their posts
C. use mobile phones for play D. get more public approval
【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。根据题干中“Life in Likes”定位到第11段，再根据文章第12段“However, the research—involving eight groups of 32 children aged 8 to 12—suggested that as they headed toward their teens, they became increasingly anxious online.”可知随着孩子年龄的增长，他们开始渴望上网，然后再根据13段“By the time they started secondary school—at age 11—children were already far more aware of their image online and felt under huge pressure to ensure their posts were popular, the report found.”可以推断出他们的压力源于他们渴望自己的发帖能受欢迎、被认可，由此可见他们渴望得到公众的认可。故选D(获得更多公众的认可)。其余三个学选项“迅速分发他们的帖子、了解他们帖子的质量、使用手机玩游戏”可以排除。
69. What should parents do to solve the problem?
A. Communicate more with secondary schools. B. Urge media companies to create safer apps.
C. Keep track of children’s use of social media. D. Forbid their children from visiting the web.
【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。根据题干中的“parents”定位到文章最后一段。根据该段“It’s also hugely important for parents to know which apps their children are using.对父母而言，知道自己的孩子在用什么apps也十分重要”可以推断出父母需要了解孩子在使用什么apps，所以应该时刻跟踪了解孩子对于社交apps的使用。故选C。其余三个选项“更多地与中学交流、敦促媒体公司创建更安全的应用程序、禁止孩子访问网络”可以排除。
70. What does the passage mainly talk about?
A. The influence of social media on children. B. The importance of social media to children.
C. The problem in building a healthy relationship. D. The measure to reduce risks from social media.
【答案】A
【解析】主旨大意题。抓住文章中两个关键词“孩子”和“社交网络”(第一段Children?as?young?as?ten
are?becoming?dependent?on?social?media?for their?sense?of?self-worth,?a?major?study?warned)就可以轻
松搞定答案A(社交网络对孩子的影响)。故A正确。B选项“社交媒体对孩子的重要性”，文中
提及了社交媒体与孩子，但并未提及社交媒体对孩子的重要性(无中生有，生搬硬套)。C选项“建
立健康关系的问题”，这种说法过于宽泛。D选项“降低社交媒体风险的措施”， 文章末尾提到
了一些解决措施，但这不能概括全文内容(以偏概全，主次不分)。
2017
A

【语篇简析】根据副标题“The Unbelievable Years that Defined History”及下文中的“CHRONOLOGICA is an informative and entertaining tour into history,…”和“This complete but brief historical collection is certain to entertain readers young and old”可知本文体裁为应用文。文章介绍了一本关于历史的书籍，这本书记录了不同时代、世界各地的历史事件和史实。作者提到了很多书里面的内容来向读者推荐本书。
56.What?is?CHRONOLOGICA?according?to?the?next?
A. A?biography.? B. A?travel?guide. C. A?history?book.?? D. A?science?fiction.
【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。第四段”this book also gives an account of the lives of lesser-known individuals”告诉我们是一本书。再根据”CHRONOLOGICA is an informative and entertaining tour into history, ...”可知，CHRONOLOGICA是一本有关历史的书籍。其余三项“传记、旅游指南、科幻小说”比较容易排除。
57.How?does?the?writer?recommend?CHRONOLOGICA?to?readers?
A. By?giving?details?of?its?collection. B. By?introducing?some?of?its?contents.?
C. By?telling?stories?at?the?beginning.? D. By?comparing?it?with?other?books.
【答案】B
【解析】推理判断(写作手法)题。题干意思是“作者是如何将CHRONOLOGICA推荐给读者的？”，即作者是如何安排行文结构和内容的。文章开篇通过提问的形式将三个重要的历史事件呈现给读者，但是并没有讲具体的事件，故排除C选项；接着讲述这本书所涉及内容的时间跨度：从古罗马的建立到网络的产生，包括许多国王，女王的故事等。再接着提到通过本书的旅程可以了解为什么古罗马帝王并不像听起来的那么好等历史问题，但是没有细节说明到底是为什么；再接着提到这本书既介绍了托马斯·爱迪生和亚历山大一世等名人轶事，也涉及到一些不那么知名的人物的事件；最后介绍这本书的受众，老少皆宜，并能启发历史爱好者新的东西。故通篇主要介绍了这本书的大体内容，并没有给出具体的细节，所以排除A选项。文章没有提及除“CHRONOLOGICA”之外的其它书籍，因此使用的不是对比手法。排除D选项，正确答案为B。
B
Before birth, babies can tell the difference between loud sounds and voices. They can even distinguish their mother’s voice from that of a female stranger. But when it comes to embryonic learning(胎教), birds could rule the roost. As recently reported in The Auk: Ornithological Advances, some mother birds may teach their young to sing even before they hatch(孵化). New-born chicks can then imitate their mom’s call within a few days of entering the world.
This educational method was first observed in 2012 by Sonia Kieindorfer, a biologist at Flinders University in South Australia, and her colleagues. Female Australian superb fairy wrens were found to repeat one sound over and over again while hatching their errs, when the errs were hatched, the baby birds made the similar chirp to their mothers—around that served as their regular “feed me!” call.
To find out if the special quality was more widespread in birds, the researchers sought the red-backed fairy wren, another species of Australian songbird. First they collected sound data from 67 nests in four sites in Queensland before and after hatching. Then they identified begging calls by analyzing the order and number of notes. A computer analysis blindly compared calls produced by mothers and chicks, ranking them by similarity.
It turns out that baby red-backed fairy wrens also emerge chirping like their moms. And the more frequently mothers had called to their errs, the more similar were the babies’ begging calls. In addition, the team set up a separate experiment that suggested that the baby birds that most closely imitated their mom’s voice were rewarded with the most food.
This observation hints that effective embryonic learning could signal neurological(神经系统的)strengths of children to parents. An evolutionary inference can then be drawn. “As a parent, do you invest in quality children, or do you invest in children that are in need?” Kleindorfer asks.” Our results suggest that they might be going for quality.”
【语篇简析】根据文章首段一二两句“婴儿出生前就能辨别响亮的声音和嗓音。甚至能够区分妈妈的声音和其他女人的声音”可知本文体裁为说明文(科普)。浏览全文，我们知道：文章介绍了鸟类在“胎教”方面超凡的本领。通过实验发现鸟儿在孵化时不停地鸣叫是为了教会以后出生的雏鸟鸣叫的本领，从而挑选出能够适应环境的雏鸟。
58.The underlined phrase in Paragraph 1 means “_______”.
A. be the worst B. be the best C. be the as bad D. be just as good
【答案】B
【解析】词义猜测题。文章开头就说：婴儿出生前就能辨别响亮的声音和嗓音，甚至能够区分妈妈的声音和其他女人的声音。But一词来了个转折，转而谈到胎教，鸟儿能”rule the roost”；根据第二段”when the errs were hatched, the baby birds made the similar chirp to their mothers”可知，鸟儿在孵化小鸟时候的鸣叫对未出生的小鸟有很大影响，它们被孵化后也能发出类似的声音，说明鸟儿很擅长胎教。说明鸟儿(而非人)在胎教方面的能力是最好的。根据对“rule the roost(统治鸟窝)”的字面理解，也可以悟出是be the best的意思。
59.What are Kleindorfer’s findings based on?
A. Similarities between the calls of moms and chicks. B. The observation of fairy wrens across Australia.
C. The data collected from Queensland’s locals. D. Controlled experiments on wrens and other birds.
【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。根据题干Kleindorfer’s findings based on可知，本题所问的是这项研究成果建立的基础，由此把答案定位在节选段第二段。该段说，为了了解这种特点是不是更多的鸟儿都具备(if the special quality was more widespread in birds)，研究人员选定了澳大利亚另外一种会唱歌的鸟(another species of Australian songbird)——鹪鹩 (fairy wren)，从位于昆士兰四个地点的67个鸟巢里收集鸟叫的声音资料(collected sound data from 67 nests in four sites in Queensland)，然后再来分辨这些鸟叫声(identified begging calls)，根据鸟妈妈与幼鸟声音的相似度来进行排列(ranking them by similarity)。节选段第三段首句(It turns out that ...)显示：鹪鹩幼鸟的叫声与鸟妈妈的声音也很相似。由此判断，他的发现基于A选项(鸟妈妈与幼鸟叫声的相似之处)。B选项颠倒是非，文章说Kleindorfer收集鸟儿的声音资料(collected sound data)，而不是“观察”(observation)鸟儿，文章说收集的范围是昆士兰的4个地点(four sites in Queensland)，而不是“整个澳大利亚”(across Australia)；C选项曲解文意，该项的复数名词locals表示“当地人”，该项虽提到准确信息“昆士兰”，但是后面的locals不对，研究人员不是从当地人那里收集数据；D选项无中生有，该项说用这些鸟儿和其他鸟儿来做实验，而且还是可控制的实验(Controlled experiments)，这在文中未提及。
60.Embryonic learning helps mother birds to identify the baby birds which _______.
A. can receive quality signals B. are in need of training
C. fit the environment better D. make the loudest call
【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“此外，研究小组还做了一个额外的实验，实验结果表明，最能模仿母亲声音的幼鸟会得到最多的食物。”和最后一段中：由此可以得出一个进化推论：“作为一个家长，你会投资优质的孩子，还是投资那些需要帮助的孩子？”克雷恩多佛问，“我们的研究结果表明，他们可能会追求质量。”可以推断鸟妈妈通过胎教来确定质量优良的雏鸟，即最会模仿她们声音，质量优良、无需帮助就能更好地适应环境的幼鸟。
C
A new commodity brings about a highly profitable, fast-growing industry, urging antitrust(反垄断)regulators to step in to check those who control its flow. A century ago, the resource in question was oil. Now similar concerns are being raised by the giants(巨头)that deal in data, the oil of the digital age. The most valuable firms are Google, Amazon, Facebook and Microsoft. All look unstoppable.
Such situations have led to calls for the tech giants to be broken up. But size alone is not a crime. The giants’ success has benefited consumers. Few want to live without search engines or a quick delivery, Far from charging consumers high prices, many of these services are free(users pay, in effect, by handing over yet more data). And the appearance of new-born giants suggests that newcomers can make waves, too.
But there is cause for concern. The internet has made data abundant, all-present and far more valuable, changing the nature of data and competition. Google initially used the data collected from users to target advertising better. But recently it has discovered that data can be turned into new services: translation and visual recognition, to be sold to other companies. Internet companies’ control of data gives them enormous power. So they have a “God’s eye view” of activities in their own markets and beyond.
This nature of data makes the antitrust measures of the past less useful. Breaking up firms like Google into five small ones would not stop remaking themselves: in time, one of them would become great again. A rethink is required—and as a new approach starts to become apparent, two ideas stand out.
The first is that antitrust authorities need to move form the industrial age into the 21st century. When considering a merger(兼并), for example, they have traditionally used size to determine when to step in. They now need to take into account the extent of firms’ data assets(资产)when assessing the impact of deals. The purchase price could also be a signal that an established company is buying a new-born threat. When this takes place, especially when a new-born company has no revenue to speak of, the regulators should raise red flags.
The?second?principle?is?to?loosen?the?control?that?providers?of?on-line?services?have?over?data?and?give?more?to
those?who?supply?them. Companies?could?be?forced?to?consumers?what?information?they?hold?and?how?much
?money?they?make?from?it. Governments?could?order?the?sharing?of?certain?kinds?of?data, with?users’?consent.
Restarting?antitrust?for?the?information?age?will?not?be?easy.?But?if?governments?don’t?wants?a?data?economy?
by?a?few?giants, they?must?act?soon.
【语篇简析】根据文章各段的第一句“一种新的商品会带来一个高利润、快速增长的行业，并敦促反垄断监管机构介入检查那些控制商品流向的企业；这种情况导致了对拆散科技巨头的诉求，但规模本身不是罪；但这也有引起关注的原因；数据的这种性质使过去的反垄断措施少有用处；首先，反垄断当局需要从工业时代适应到二十一世纪；第二个原则是放松在线服务提供者对数据的控制，并向提供它们的人给予更多的控制；重新启动反垄断信息时代是不容易的”可以判断本篇体裁为议论文。文章主要讨论了对“信息寡头”的反思与对策。最后特别指出：重新启动反垄断信息时代是不容易的。但政府如果不希望由几个巨头控制经济数据，则必须尽快采取行动。
61.Why is there a call to break up giants?
A. They have controlled the data market. B. They collect enormous private data.
C. They no longer provide free services. D. They dismissed some new-born giants.
【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。根据题干中的关键词“call”定位到第二段“Such situations have led to calls for the tech giants to be broken up. But size alone is not a crime.这种情况导致了对拆散科技巨头的诉求，但规模本身不是罪”， 由Such situations找到第一段第一句”urging antitrust(反垄断)regulators to step in to check those who control its flow.”可知，敦促反垄断管理者介入来调查控制数据市场的巨头。因为这些巨头控制了数据市场，人们才因此呼吁拆散那些巨头公司，故答案为A。B选项中的”private data”，文中并没有提及到私人数据，容易误选该选项；C选项“不再提供免费服务”，文章中并没有提及；D选项“他们解散了一些新生的巨头公司”也不符合文章的意思。
62.What does the technological innovation in Paragraph 3 indicate?
A. Data giants’ technology is very expensive. B. Google’s idea is popular among data firms
C. Data can strengthen giants’ controlling position. D. Data can be turned into new services or products
【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。根据题干快速定位到第三段最后两句“Internet companies’ control of data gives them enormous power. So they have a “God’s eye view” of activities in their own markets and beyond.网络公司对于数据的控制给了他们巨大的权利，它们甚至可以用上帝的眼光来看待它们的市场活动”可知互联网公司对数据的掌控使得它们拥有了巨大的权力，说明数据会加强巨头的统治地位。故C选项正确。A选项“数据巨头的技术非常昂贵”，文章显然没有涉及到(无中生有)；B选项“谷歌的想法在数据公司中很受欢迎”，文章显然也没有涉及到(无中生有)；D选项“数据可以转换成新的服务和产品”or前面的是文中的原话，而or后面的则不是(正误参半)，同时也不是“indicate暗示”来的。
63.By paying attention to firms’ data assets, antitrust regulators could _______.
A. kill a new threat B. avoid the size trap
C. favour bigger firms D. charge higher prices
【答案】B
【解析】推理判断题。根据题干所问“通过关注公司的数据资产，反垄断监管机构能够做些什么？”定位到倒数第三段“The first is that antitrust authorities need to move form the industrial age into the 21st century. When considering a merger(兼并), for example, they have traditionally used size to determine when to step in. They now need to take into account the extent of firms’ data assets(资产) when assessing the impact of deals.首先，反垄断当局需要从工业时代适应到二十一世纪。例如，当考虑到公司兼并时，他们传统上会根据其规模来决定何时介入。现在，在评估交易的影响时，他们需要考虑到公司数据资产的程度”可知，以前反垄断组织一直是根据看公司的规模来决定他们是否介入调查，而现在是把数据库的范围考虑在内，通过前后的对比告知要“避免规模的陷阱”，故选B项。注意A选项中的”a new threat”在文中指的是”a new-born company”，由第五段最后的叙述可知是新兴公司被大公司吞并，而不是反垄断监管机构来吞并新兴公司。其余三个选项“消除一个威胁(指：收购价格也可能是一个信号，表明一家老牌公司正在收购一个新的威胁)、支持帮助更大的公司、要价更高”比较容易排除。
64.What is the purpose of loosening the giants’ control of data?
A. Big companies could relieve data security pressure. B. Governments could relieve their financial pressure.
C. Consumers could better protect their privacy. D. Small companies could get more opportunities.
【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。根据题干所提问题“弱化巨头对数据的控制目的何在？”定位到倒数第二段
“公司可能被迫向消费者提供他们持有的信息和他们所赚的钱。政府可以在用户同意的情况下，命令共享某些类型的数据”，再结合最后一段“但政府如果不希望由几个巨头控制经济数据，则必须尽快采取行动”可知，反垄断部门应该采取行动，使几大因特网巨头放松对数据的控制，使新生的小公司得到更多的发展机会，故选D项。其余三项“大公司可以缓解数据安全压力、政府可以减轻财政压力、消费者可以更好地保护他们的隐私”都不是“弱化巨头对数据的控制目的”。
D
Old Problem, New Approaches
While clean energy is increasingly used in our daily life, global warning will continue for some decades after CO2 emissions(排放)peak. So even if emission were to begin decrease today, we would still face the challenge of adapting to climate. Here I will stress some smarter and more creative examples of climate adaptation.
When it comes to adaptation, it is important to understand that climate change is a process. We are therefore not talking about adapting to a new standard, but to a constantly shifting set of conditions. This is why in part at least, the US National Climate Assessment says that: “there is no ‘one-size fit all’ adaptation.” Nevertheless, there are some actions that offer much and carry little risk or cost.
Around the world people are adapting in surprising ways, especially in some poor countries, Floods have some more damaging in Bangladesh in recent decades. Mohammed Rezwan saw opportunity where others saw only disaster. His not-for-profit organization runs 100 river boats that server as floating libraries, schools, and health clinics, and are equipment with solar panels and other communication facilities. Rezwan is creating floating connectivity(连体)to replace flooded roads and highways. But he is also working at a far more fundamental level: his staff people how to make floating gardens fish ponds prevent starvation during the wet season.
Around the world, people are adapting in surprising ways, especially in some poor countries, Floods have become more damaging in Bangladesh in recent decades. Mohammed Rezwan saw opportunity where others saw only disaster. His not-for-profit organization runs 100 river boats that serve as floating libraries, schools, and health clinics, and are equipped with solar panels and other communicating facilities. Rezwan is creating floating connectivity(连接) to replace flooded roads and highways. But he is also working at a far more fundamental level: his staff show people how to make floating gardens and fish ponds to prevent starvation during the wet season.
Elsewhere in Asia even more astonishing actions are being taken. Chewang. Norphel lives in a mountainous region in India, where he is known as the Ice Man. The loss of glaciers(冰川)there due to global warming represents an enormous threat to agriculture. Without the glaciers, water will arrive in the rivers at times when it can damage crops. Norphel’s inspiration come from seeing the waste of water over winter, when it was not needed. He directed the wasted water into shallow basins where it froze, and was stored until the spring. His fields of ice supply perfectly timed irrigation(灌溉)water. Having created nine such ice reserves. Norphel calculates that he has stored about 200, 000m3 of water. Climate change is a continuing process, so Norphel’s ice reserves will not last forever. Warming will overtake them. But he is providing a few years during which the farmers will, perhaps, be able to find other means of adapting.
Increasing Earth’s reflectiveness can cool the planet. In southern Spain the sudden increase of greenhouses (which reflect light back to space)has changed the warming trend locally, and actually cooled the region. While Spain as a whole is heating up quickly, temperatures near the greenhouses have decreased. This example should act as an inspiration for all cities. By painting buildings white, cities may slow down the warming process.
In Peru, local farmers around a mountain with a glacier that has already fallen victim to climate change have begun painting the entire mountain peak white in the hope that the added reflectiveness will restore the life-giving ice. The outcome is still far from clear, But the World Bank has included the project on its of “100 ideas to save the planet”.
More ordinary forms of adaptation are happening everywhere. A friend of mine owns an area of land in western Victoria. Over five generations the land has been too wet for cropping. But during the past decade declining rainfall has allows him to plant highly profitable crops. Farmers in many countries are also adapting like this—either by growing new produce, or by growing the same things differently. This is common sense, But some suggestions for adapting are not. When the polluting industries argue that we’ve lost the battle to control carbon pollution and have no choice but to adapt, it’s a nonsense designed to make the case for business as usual.
Human beings will continue to adapt to the changing climate in both ordinary and astonishing ways. But the most sensible form of adaptation is surely to adapt our energy systems to emit less carbon pollution. After all, if we adapt in the way, we may avoid the need to change in so many others.
【语篇简析】看标题“Old Problem, New Approaches”以及第一段，特别是这一段的最后一句：“Here I will stress some smarter and more creative examples of climate adaptation.”给人一种貌似一遍演讲的感觉。浏览以下内容，我们不难发现，其实该篇就是一篇说明文(科普)类的文章。文章所谈的是有关“adaptation”的问题：主要介绍了世界各地适应如今全球变暖的气候的新方法。
65.The underlined part in Paragraph 2 implies _______.
A. adaptation is an ever-changing process B. the cost of adaptation varies with time
C. global warming affects adaptation forms D. adaptation to climate change is challenging
【答案】A
【解析】句意猜测题。根据此句句首“This is why…”可知“this”指代的是上文的“We are therefore not talking about adapting to a new standard, but to a constantly shifting set of conditions. 因此，我们所说的不是适应新标准，而是适应不断变化的一系列条件”意思也就是说“气候变化是一个过程，适应性方法也在不断地调整”。划线句后一句由nevertheless开头，此句说明我们可以选择其他风险低和耗费低的方法。那么划线句就是说划线句adaptation的方法很多，补充说明前面的话(评估表明：“没有一种’一刀切’的适应方法)。故而选A。其余三项“适应的成本随时间而变化、全球变暖影响适应形式、适应气候变化具有挑战性”都与上文不相呼应。
66.What is special with regard to Rezwan’s project?
A. The project receives government support. B. Different organizations work with each other.
C. His organization makes the best of a bad situation. D. The project connects flooded roads and highways.
【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。题干中的“Rezwan’s project”定位到第三段“Mohammed Rezwan saw opportunity where others saw only disaster”，本句说：Mohammed Rezwan看到了机遇，其他人只看到了灾难。换句话说：Mohammed Rezwan把别人认为是灾难的地方看成了自己的机遇。以及他之后采取的用船充当基础设施的举措可看出C选项“他的组织在困境中做得最好”与之相符。A选项“该项目得到了政府的支持”，原文没有提及；B选项“不同组织通力合作”也和原文不符，原文只有Rezwan一个人的组织；D选项中的“flooded roads and highways”是陷阱，原文虽然有所提及，对比原文“creating floating connectivity to replace flooded roads and highways创建浮动连接代替淹没的道路和高速公路”可知选项中的“connects”与原文不符。
67.What did the Ice Man do to reduce the effect of global warming?
A. Storing ice for future use. B. Protecting the glaciers from melting.
C. Changing the irrigation time. D. Postponing the melting of the glaciers.
【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。根据题干中的“Ice Man”定位到第五段”Norphel’s inspiration come from seeing the waste of water over winter, when it was not needed. He directed the wasted water into shallow basins where it froze, and was stored until the spring. “可知，把冰川融化后的水储存起来以备不时之需，是减少气候变暖危害的方法之一。对应选项A。而这种方法并没有改变冰川的融化和灌溉的时间，也没有推迟冰川的融化，故排除BCD选项。
68.What do we learn from the Peru example?
A. White paint is usually safe for buildings. B. The global warming tread cannot be stopped.
C. This country is heating up too quickly. D. Sunlight reflection may relieve global warming.
【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。根据题干中的“Peru”定位到倒数第四段“By painting buildings white, cities may slow down the warming process.”和倒数第三段“painting the entire mountain peak white in the hope that the added reflectiveness will restore the life-giving ice”可知，将墙壁涂成白色是利用了光的反射原理，这样可以缓解全球气候变暖，并且Peru的措施也应证了这一点。故选D。其余三项“白色油漆对建筑物通常是安全的、全球变暖的趋势是无法阻止的、这个国家的温度升得太快了”与上述两段所述内容不符。
69.According to the author, polluting industries should _______.
A. adapt to carbon pollution B. plant highly profitable crops
C. leave carbon emission alone D. fight against carbon pollution
【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。根据题干中的“polluting industries”定位到倒数第二段“When the polluting industries argue that we’ve lost the battle to control carbon pollution and have no choice but to adapt, it’s a nonsense”可知，目前一些造成污染的工业说他们已经对二氧化碳污染失去了控制，别无选择只能适应。但是作者认为，这种说辞是“胡说，一派胡言”。所以作者建议污染企业行动起来，应该与污染作斗争。选D项。AC选项“适应二氧化碳污染、放任碳排放而不管”是“polluting industries”的观点；B选项“种植高效益作物”是作者朋友做的。
70.What’s the author’s preferred solution to global warming?
A. setting up a new standard. B. Reducing carbon emission.
C. Adapting to climate change. D. Monitoring polluting industries.
【答案】B
【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“But the most sensible form of adaptation is surely to adapt our energy systems to emit less carbon pollution.”可知，作者认为，适应最明智的形式无疑是使我们能源系统排放更少的碳污染。也就是说：改变我们的能源系统来减少二氧化碳的排放，从根源上解决气候变暖的问题。故选B项：减少碳排放。其余三个选项“制定新的标准、适应气候变化、监测污染工业”都不是作者赞成的解决全球变暖的办法。
二、考点解读
2019年考情统计(表1)
篇 目 体 裁 题 号 题 型
A篇 应用文 56 细节理解题
57 细节理解题
B篇 记叙文 58 推理判断题
59 主旨大意题
60 词义猜测题
C篇 议论文 61 细节理解题
62 推理判断题
63 推理判断题
64 推理判断题
D篇 记叙文 65 细节理解题
66 推理判断题
67 推理判断题
68 推理判断题
69 推理判断题
70 主旨大意题
说明：有时细节理解题与推理判断题比较难