Unit 4 Making the news
Section Ⅰ Warming Up & Reading
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Walk into a newsroom of journalists and you will smell coffee brewing and see people rushing for their 14th bathroom break of the day. You will see a business “about people and why they do what they do, and what it all means”．
That's how Jack Smith, 72-year-old former newspaper reporter and editor, described it to 30 visiting students from Auburn and Opelika high schools on the Auburn University campus.
While growing up, Smith waited every day for the mail carrier to pull up in his 1939 Ford and drop the newspaper off. “I'd read and study every issue, sometimes for hours on end，” he said. The stories and design of the paper began his love for journalism.
His first route when he went to college wasn't journalism though. He first wanted to become a civil engineer until someone told him the amount of math and physics involved. He then changed to the business school, eventually making the move to journalism. Paul Burnett, standing on the same place as Smith did during his speech, inspired him while he was in college.
Smith walked up the steps to his first job at the Montgomery Advertiser earning $50 a week. His first task was to rewrite an article on Martin Luther King Jr.
“Those seemingly meaningless stories could be just as important as a story on the front page.” He told the students that it is a job that needs hard work and they have to be eager to go and do all again the next day.
“I'm glad I didn't decide to build the Golden Gate Bridge or take Wall Street by storm, ” Smith said. That wouldn't have landed him a job that is so near his heart. For him, the sweat and pain in the life of a journalist was worth every moment.
【语篇解读】 一位退休的老新闻记者向一群学生讲述了作为记者的工作性质以及其中的甘苦。
1．When did Jack Smith first become interested in journalism?
A．When he was in college.
B．When he worked as a mail carrier.
C．When he was at the Montgomery Advertiser.
D．When he read newspapers while growing up.
解析：选D 细节理解题。由第三段中“The stories and design of the paper began his love for journalism.”可知，史密斯小时候就期待着送报纸的到来，读了报纸以后被报纸的设计及内容深深吸引，因此对新闻行业产生了兴趣。
2．Why did Jack Smith give up being a civil engineer?
A．He wasn't interested in it.
B．He wanted to learn business.
C．Paul Burnett inspired him to be a reporter.
D．His math and physics weren't good enough.
解析：选D 推理判断题。由第四段中“...until someone told him the amount of math and physics involved.”可推知，史密斯因为数学和物理不够好，因此放弃了当工程师的想法。
3．What did the students probably learn about journalism?
A．It is hard and boring.
B．It requires many talents.
C．It should focus on important events.
D．It deserves people's love and hard work.
解析：选D 细节理解题。由倒数第二段可知，史密斯向学生介绍说看起来没意思的故事可能跟头版的文章一样重要。而新闻这个行业需要努力工作，需要人们热爱它。
4．The last paragraph suggests that ________.
A．Smith tried many different jobs
B．journalism mostly gave Smith pleasure
C．Smith loves being a journalist from his heart
D．Smith would have chosen a more worthy job
解析：选C 推理判断题。由最后一段可知，史密斯对新闻行业由衷热爱，从未后悔过没有选择其他职业。
B
The media provides us with the observations and experiences from which we build up our personal understanding of the world and how it works. Much of our view of reality is based on media messages. The media, to a great extent, gives us our sense of reality.
Freedom of the media carries with it certain responsibilities of honesty, fairness, accuracy and accountability. The power of the media to create and destroy human values comes with great responsibility.
The media is powerful in the political system, having great influence on politics and on forming social change. The power is to decide who will communicate what to whom. Television can greatly influence the election of a national leader on the basis of his or her image.
Professional journalists do have a code of ethics (道德标准)．Journalists make a judgment about what's safe and appropriate to report, which often involves difficult choices. German sociologist Max Weber distinguishes between “ethics of conviction” and “ethics of responsibility”．According to the latter (ethics of responsibility), journalists must take into account the foreseeable consequences of their reporting, and the impact it will have on society. The former, on the other hand, asks journalists to tell the truth, regardless of the consequences. According to Weber, both ideas of ethics should be considered.
Without doubt, information is power, and the big owners of the mass media are very powerful people. Television and radio stations, newspapers, magazines, and websites are, largely, owned and controlled by profit-making businesses. It is not strange that their ideas will get promoted at times.
It is my view that such power and responsibility should never be left in the hands of a few. I believe it is our responsibility as concerned citizens to make sure we are not merely passive viewers, readers or listeners. Together we can have a huge influence on the media by making our views known.
【语篇解读】 媒体对公众的价值观和整个社会有着很大的影响，因此每个人都应肩负起相应的责任。
5．What's the first paragraph mainly about?
A．Responsibilities of the media.
B．Influence of the media.
C．History of the media.
D．Problems of the media.
解析：选B 段落大意题。第一段主要介绍媒体是如何影响公众的。
6．We can learn from the third paragraph that ________.
A．the media is more interested in politics than other fields
B．forming social change is the main duty of the media
C．the great power of the media is controlled by political figures
D．the media can affect politics by forming political figures' images
解析：选D 推理判断题。从第三段的最后一句“Television can greatly influence the election of a national leader on the basis of his or her image.”可知D项正确。
7．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A．The mass media should be owned by the government.
B．The media industry has developed into a new age in recent years.
C．In most cases, journalists are more powerful than the owners of the media.
D．The media tends to promote the ideas of their owners sometimes.
解析：选D 细节理解题。从第五段的最后一句“It is not strange that their ideas will get promoted at times.”可知D项正确。
8．In the writer's opinion, citizens should ________.
A．trust the mass media
B．become an influence on the media
C．know how the media works
D．try to report news themselves
解析：选B 推理判断题。从最后一段的“it is our responsibility as concerned...by making our views known”可知B项正确。
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)
There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界) 1.________ a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 2.________(effect) such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.
Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required 3.________ (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt 4.________ (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something. As 5.________ result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even 6.________ (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food 7.________ (be) full of fat and salt；by 8.________ (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.
Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be 9.________ (care) not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both,10.________ is not good for the health.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文。作者针对当前流行的饮食中应该少放油少放盐的观点进行了论述，作者认为油和盐在日常饮食中非常重要，同时作者也提醒读者不要走极端。
1．解析：空格后为名词短语，并结合语境可知，应填介词 as，此处意为“作为(as)一种对抗心脏病的方法”。
答案：as
2．解析：effect为可数名词，由句中的some可知，此处应填复数形式“effects”。unintended side effects“意想不到的负面影响”。
答案：effects
3．解析：be required to do sth. “被要求做某事”，为固定用法。process the food“加工食物”。
答案：to process
4．解析：分析句子结构可知，此处需要填谓语动词，本句意为“当油和盐从食物中移除后，食物便尝起来好像少了什么似的”，全文是一般现在时，且“fat and salt”为两种物品，故此处应填一般现在时的被动语态 “are removed”。
答案：are removed
5．解析：as a result“结果”，为固定短语。
答案：a
6．解析：由语境可知此处应填比较级，even worse“更糟糕的是”。
答案：worse
7．解析：分析句子结构可知，此处需要填谓语动词，本句意为“快餐里面油和盐丰富”，全文是一般现在时，且“food”是不可数名词，故此处应填is。
答案：is
8．解析：by为介词，故应填v.-ing形式，by doing sth.“通过做某事”。
答案：eating
9．解析：be为系动词，故此处应填形容词作表语。
答案：careful
10．解析：此处which引导非限制性定语从句。
答案：which
1． campus n．校园
2． issue n．问题
3． route n．路线；规划
4． civil adj.民用的；国内的
5． eventually adv.最终
Journalists make a judgment about what's safe and appropriate to report， which often involves difficult choices.
[分析] 这是一个复合句。what在句中引导介词about的宾语从句；which在句中引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面叙述的整个事情。
[翻译] 对于报道来说，什么是安全的、合适的，记者要做出判断，这经常涉及艰难的选择。
课件22张PPT。Section Ⅰ Warming Up & Reading语 篇 理 解基 础 巩 固能 力 提 升基 础 巩 固语 篇 理 解能 力 提 升点 击 进 入Section Ⅱ Learning about Language & Using Language
Ⅰ.七选五
Having a learning disability doesn't mean you can't learn. Learning disabilities happen because of the way a person's brain takes in and processes information. __1__ The trick will be figuring out how you learn best.
Learning disabilities aren't contagious (接触传染的), but they can be genetic. That means they can be passed down in families through the genes, like many other traits we get from our parents and grandparents. Someone with a learning disability probably has other family members who have some learning troubles, too. Kids with learning problems are sometimes surprised to find out that one of their parents had similar troubles when he or she was in school. __2__
Learning experts now know a lot more about the brain and how learning works.
It's very hard for a kid to know if he has a learning disability. But kids don't have to figure all this out on their own. __3__ Start with his teacher and his mom or dad.
Finding out you have a learning disability can be upsetting. __4__ But the truth is that learning disabilities are pretty common. And if your learning specialist or psychologist has figured out which one you're facing, you're on the right track. Now, you can start getting the help you need to do better in school.
To make this special help really work, you'll need to practise the new skills you're learning. It may take a lot of efforts every day. __5__ Soon, you'll enjoy the results of all your hard work：More fun and success at school!
A．But you'll need some help and you'll need to work extra hard.
B．What a kid needs to do is to tell someone.
C．There are people who know how to do just that.
D．You might feel different from everyone else.
E．But kids today have an advantage over their parents.
F．As a result, some people learn differently.
G．That can be a challenge, but you can do it.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了学习障碍的形成原因、会被遗传的性质以及如何克服学习障碍。
1．解析：选F 根据空前一句“Learning disabilities...processes information.”可知，大脑领会和加工信息的方式不同导致了学习障碍的形成；据此可以判断，空处介绍学习障碍形成后的结果：一些人使用不同的方式学习。
2．解析：选E 根据空前一句“Kids with learning problems...she was in school.”可知，有学习障碍的孩子会发现他们的父母中会有一位在上学时有学习障碍；结合下文中的“Learning experts...how learning works.”可知，现在学习专家已经对大脑和学习的工作原理知道得更多；据此可以判断，空处与上文形成转折，说明现在的孩子会比他们的父母更有优势，故E项符合语境。
3．解析：选B 根据空后一句“Start with his teacher and his mom or dad.”可知，孩子可以从老师和父母那里得知自己是否有学习障碍，据此可知，孩子不需要自己去弄明白自己是否有学习障碍，但他所需要做的是问一下老师和父母，故B项符合语境。
4．解析：选D 根据空前一句“Finding out...can be upsetting.”可知，发现自己有学习障碍是很难受的；据此可以推断，空处应该介绍发现自己有学习障碍后，你会感到自己和他人不一样，故D项符合语境。
5．解析：选G 根据空前一句“It may take a lot of efforts every day.”可知，这种训练每天需要付出很多努力；据此可以判断，那可能是一种挑战，但是你能做到；故G项符合语境。
Ⅱ.完形填空
I want to share with you a story from my life. There was a time when I used to be __1__ constantly for whom I was and what I did, said, and thought. I was __2__ deeply. I had no one to share what I was feeling with, no one who could __3__ what I was going through and no help at all to get away from those __4__ remarks. And I was also very __5__.Many times I was too scared to speak up and on the few occasions I found the __6__ to do so, things didn't end very well at all.
The point is this：all that __7__ and anger inside of me became __8__， which I used to take out on the court (I used to play badminton)．And those days people often wondered how I played so __9__.
I didn't know it at the time __10__ deep down inside of me I had already decided to do my best to create a life where I __11__ the rules.
And because of that __12__， today I have created for myself a wonderful life. Thanks to the suffering, I was able to __13__ more than I could ever imagine. Thanks to people __14__ and not believing in me, I got the drive to prove them __15__.
What I'm trying to say is that I don't see suffering as all that bad. If we learn how to __16__ our suffering in a way that can break us free I believe we can find our way to __17__.
I don't think there is any __18__ in suffering. Instead, we should be proud of all that we have gone through. We still stand strong. And the __19__ we carry from our sufferings, we wear as a badge of __20__.My suffering is my greatest source of power.
Suffering is a part of life and the sooner we can accept that, the closer we will be to experiencing what happiness truly means.
【语篇解读】 本文是夹叙夹议文。作者讲述了自己化悲痛为力量的故事。
1．A.criticized B．admired
C．punished D．respected
解析：选A 由下文的“remarks”及“suffering”可推测，作者过去总是被无端“批评(criticized)”。
2．A.pleased B．affected
C．hurt D．missed
解析：选C 因为总是被无端指责，作者内心被深深地“伤害了(hurt)”。
3．A.accept B．remember
C．bear D．understand
解析：选D 由上文的“I had no one to share what I was feeling with”可推测，作者很伤心却没有倾诉的对象，没有人能“理解(understand)”他。
4．A.funny B．brief
C．careless D．bitter
解析：选D 没有人帮助作者摆脱那些“尖刻的(bitter)”评论。
5．A.bored B．angry
C．proud D．brave
解析：选B 由下文的“Many times I was too scared to speak up”可推断，那些无端的批评令作者很“生气(angry)”。下文的“anger inside of me”为提示。
6．A.reason B．courage
C．energy D．goal
解析：选B 由上文的“I was too scared to speak up”可推断，面对指责，很多时候作者都没有勇气表达自己的观点，只有少数几次他鼓起“勇气(courage)”说出来，但是事情并没有什么好转。
7．A.hope B．guilt
C．pain D.surprise
解析：选C 由上段可知，那些无端的批评给作者带来了“痛苦(pain)”和愤怒。
8．A.fuel B．water
C．sweat D．fire
解析：选A 由下文的“which I used to take out on the court”及第四段可推断，作者把内心的痛苦和愤怒转化成了奋斗的“动力(fuel)”。
9．A.well B．regularly
C．badly D．frequently
解析：选A 由于作者努力打球，所以当时人们都好奇他怎么会打得那么“好(well)”。
10．A.and B．as
C．or D．but
解析：选D “当时我并不知道”与“我内心深处已经决定要努力创造不一样的生活”之间是转折关系，故选but。
11．A.hated B．obeyed
C．made D．applied
解析：选C 由第一段可知，作者的一切都遭到批评，可见作者的言行与某些人制定的规则不符。因此，作者决心要自己“制定(made)”规则。
12．A.design B．accident
C．decision D．mistake
解析：选C 由上文的“I had already decided to...”可知，此处是指当时做的那个“决定(decision)”。
13．A.waste B．help
C．damage D．grow
解析：选D 由上文可知，多亏了当年的痛苦，作者才“成长(grow)”得更快。
14．A.laughing B．talking
C．listening D．reading
解析：选A 由下文的“and not believing in me”可推断，此处是说那些“嘲笑(laughing)”和不相信作者的人。
15．A.strong B．wrong
C．weak D．right
解析：选B 多亏了那些嘲笑和不相信自己的人，作者才有了动力证明他们是“错误的(wrong)”。
16．A.point out B．deal with
C．forget about D．cover up
解析：选B 解析见下题。
17．A.desire B．challenge
C．happiness D．confusion
解析：选C 由上文的“I don't see suffering as all that bad”可推断，作者认为如果我们能学会正确“应对(deal with)”内心的痛苦我们就能抵达“幸福(happiness)”的彼岸。文章末的“what happiness truly means”是提示。
18．A.fear B．shame
C．doubt D．regret
解析：选B 由下文的“Instead, we should be proud of all that we have gone through.”可推断，作者并不认为痛苦是一种“羞耻(shame)”。
19．A.wounds B．gifts
C．tools D．burdens
解析：选A 解析见下题。
20．A.rank B．sacrifice
C．peace D．honor
解析：选D 由上文的“we should be proud of all that we have gone through.We still stand strong”可推断，我们因痛苦而留下的“伤疤(wounds)”就像是“荣誉(honor)”徽章。
1．disability n．无能；残疾
2．figure out 弄清楚
3．constantly adv.持续的
4．scared adj.害怕的
5．occasion n．场合；时机
课件8张PPT。Section Ⅱ Learning about Language
& Using Language基 础 巩 固能 力 提 升基 础 巩 固能 力 提 升点 击 进 入Section Ⅲ Grammar
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
The first newspapers were written by hand and put up on walls in public places. The earliest daily newspaper was started in Rome in 59 BC. In the 700s the world's first printed newspaper was published. Europe didn't have a regularly published newspaper until 1609，when one was started in Germany.
The first regularly published newspaper in the English language was printed in Amsterdam in 1620. In 1621，an English newspaper was started in London and was published once a week. The first daily English newspaper was the Daily Courant (《每日新闻》). It came out in March, 1702.
In 1690，Benjamin Harris printed the first American newspaper in Boston. But not long after it was first published, the government stopped the paper. In 1704，John Campbell started The Boston Newsletter (《波士顿新闻通讯》), the first newspaper published in the American colonies. By 1760，the colonies had more than thirty daily newspapers. There are now about 1,800 daily papers in the United States.
Today, as a group, English language newspapers have the largest circulation (发行量) in the world. But the largest circulation for a newspaper is that of the Japanese newspaper Yomiuri Shimbun (《读卖新闻》). It sells more than 10 million copies every day.
【语篇解读】 本文主要讲述了报纸的发展史。
1．The first regularly published newspaper in Europe was printed in ________.
A．England B．Germany
C．France D．Sweden
解析：选B 细节理解题。由第一段最后一句“Europe didn't have a regularly published newspaper until 1609，when one was started in Germany.”可推知答案。
2．The first printed newspaper in America came out in ________.
A．Washington B．New York
C．Boston D．New Orleans
解析：选C 细节理解题。由第三段第一句“In 1690，Benjamin Harris printed the first American newspaper in Boston.”可知选C。
3．Which is NOT true according to the passage?
A．The first regularly published newspaper in the English language was printed in Amsterdam.
B．English language newspapers sell more than 10 million copies every day.
C．Europe didn't have a regularly published newspaper in 1608.
D．The first daily English newspaper came out in March, 1702.
解析：选B 细节理解题。由最后一段可知，日本的《读卖新闻》发行量每天超过10 000 000份，而不是英语报纸。
B
Bottle Cap Alley is a special roadside attraction located at the north edge of the Texas A&M University campus in College Station, Texas. As the name suggests, it is paved with millions of beer and soda bottle caps.
No one knows exactly how the tradition began, but some people believe that it started out as a dumping site for two bars. Customers who took their drinks outside followed their example, and as word of the Bottle Cap Alley spread, other local bars started bringing their bottle caps here as well. It is estimated that the tradition dates from four decades ago.
It was officially recognized as a local attraction in the early 2000s. They set up a large sign over it, added lights so it could be visited at night and began promoting it as a part of the local sightseeing tour. The move didn't sit well with many college students who wanted the tradition to survive forever, but it did turn the alley into a popular roadside tourist attraction.
Some people noticed that most of the beer bottle caps came from American brands, and made it a point to add a variety of caps from imported beers as well, turning the place into an international bottle cap gallery. Unfortunately, that made it all the more appealing to bottle cap collectors.
It is a gold mine for people who collect bottle caps, and it has been reported that some collectors travel to College Station from far away for the specific purpose of finding rare caps for their collections. Taking one or two caps may not seem like a big deal, but considering average visitors often take a few as souvenirs, it's easy to see why constant bottle cap contributions are vital to the preservation of the alley.
Bottle Cap Alley is definitely not a place you want to visit barefooted, as the likelihood of cutting yourself on dirty metal is pretty high. And while many photos show tourists walking around in open footwear like slippers, I don't really recommend it. Before night lights were installed, Bottle Cap Alley had a reputation for helping people avoid long bathroom lines at neighborhood bars and restaurants.
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。文章介绍了美国得克萨斯A& M大学北侧一条小巷不断有人往里面扔瓶盖。日积月累，年复一年，整条巷子路面铺满瓶盖，成了一处景点——瓶盖巷。
4．What is special about Bottle Cap Alley?
A．It has a long history.
B．It's a roadside attraction.
C It's covered with bottle caps.
D．It was built by various drinkers.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第一段中的最后一句“it is paved with millions of beer and soda bottle caps”可知，瓶盖巷的特别之处就是整个巷子铺满了啤酒和汽水瓶盖。
5．Why didn't college students support the idea of turning it into an attraction?
A．They wanted to protect the tradition.
B．It might have affected their health.
C．A lot of visitors disturbed their studies.
D．They wanted to possess it for a long time.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The move didn't sit well...to survive forever”可知，得克萨斯A&M大学的学生并不赞同把瓶盖巷变成一个旅游景点，因为他们想保护这延续了四十多年的传统。
6．What does the author really want to say about Bottle Cap Alley in the last paragraph?
A．Tourists have already been injured there.
B．It has been damaged by some impolite visitors.
C．Tourists don't follow the rules when visiting there.
D．It's so dirty that tourists should always wear shoes.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据最后一段的“as the likelihood of cutting yourself on dirty metal is pretty high”及“Bottle Cap Alley had a reputation...bars and restaurants”可知，瓶盖巷是一个很脏的地方，游客千万不要光脚在上面行走。另外，瓶盖也非常容易伤着游客的脚。
7．What can we know about Bottle Cap Alley?
A．All of its caps were made in America.
B．Bottle cap collectors going there are from Europe.
C．It's a good place for college students to study history.
D．Rules haven't been made to prevent tourists taking away its caps.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据全文的内容尤其是第五段的内容可知，目前并没有制定规定阻止游客带走瓶盖巷的瓶盖。
Ⅱ.短文改错
Today I was walking past the railway station while I saw a woman and two young boys, carrying some bags and three huge suitcase. They were consulting a map, and seemed confusing. As a boy readily to help others, I went up to them and asked what they were looking for. I was told they were looking for a school, that wasn't easy to find. Since it happened to be same way I was going, I offered to give themselves a hand. I helped them for some of the bags and walked with them until we had found the school. Along the way we had a nicer chat. They were grateful and I felt happy.
答案：
Today I was walking past the railway station I saw a woman and two young boys, carrying some bags and three huge .They were consulting a map, and seemed .As a boy to help others, I went up to them and asked what they were looking for. I was told they were looking for a school， wasn't easy to find. Since it happened to be same way I was going, I offered to give a hand. I helped them some of the bags and walked with them until we had found the school. Along the way we had a chat. They were grateful and I felt happy.
1．by hand 手工的
2．colony n．殖民地
3．pave v．铺
4．estimate v．估计
5．date from 追溯到……
Customers who took their drinks outside followed their example， and as word of the Bottle Cap Alley spread， other local bars started bringing their bottle caps here as well.
[分析] 这是一个and连接的并列复合句。who引导定语从句，修饰先行词“Customers”；as引导时间状语从句。
[翻译] 把饮料带到外面去的顾客也以他们为榜样，随着瓶盖巷名气的传播，其他当地的酒吧也把他们的瓶盖带到这里来。
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