人教版新课标选修8 Unit 3 Inventors and inventions课后45分钟练习(课件+word )(7份打包)

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名称 人教版新课标选修8 Unit 3 Inventors and inventions课后45分钟练习(课件+word )(7份打包)
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Unit 3  Section Ⅰ Warming Up & Reading
能力提升
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
At the end of every year,Time picks the best 25 inventions that are “making the world better and smarter”.Here we have picked three of this year's inventions that could be a part of your life in the near future.
The levitating(悬浮的) lightbulb
This special lightbulb was invented by US artist and scientist Simon Morris.He got the idea of making a lightbulb float from hoverboards (悬浮滑板),which he used to dream of having as a kid.
But the floating is not the most amazing part.The rejection force between the opposite ends of the magnets(磁铁),which were put in the bottom of the bulb and in the wooden base,does the job.What's new here is a technology called induction (电磁感应).It allows the lightbulb to get power from the base even they are not in contact.
Shoes that tie themselves
They're not what you think—shoelaces that tie themselves in the way we tie them.Instead,the new shoes have small motors that control their laces.When you step in them,your feet will hit a sensor (传感器) in the shoes and the motor will automatically tighten the laces.
But the shoes weren't just designed for lazy people's needs.They could actually give athletes an advantage during competition.They are also useful for people who cannot move their arms or fingers easily.
The no-touch thermometer(体温计)
Taking your body temperature usually means putting a thermometer in your armpits (腋窝) and staying still for minutes.It may be easy for you,but it's an impossible task for little kids.
Now,with the new thermometer,users can simply put it 2.5 centimeters from a patient's forehead and press the button,and it can get the reading in two seconds.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇科技说明文。文章介绍了《时代周刊》评出的年度最佳发明。
1.The levitating lightbulb is special in that ________.
A.floating is the most amazing part of the levitating lightbulb
B.the inventor of the levitating lightbulb is more than a scientist
C.it makes use of the rejection force between opposite ends of magnets
D.induction allows the lightbulb to get power even when unconnected with the base
解析:选D 细节理解题。根据The levitating (悬浮的) lightbulb部分的“But the floating is not the most amazing part.”以及“What's new here is a technology called induction(电磁感应). It allows the lightbulb to get power from the base even they are not in contact.”可知,这种灯泡的特别之处不是悬浮,而是在可以不接触的情况下得到电。故选D。
2.How is the no-touch thermometer different from other ones?
A.It makes it easier to take kid's temperature.
B.You need wait two minutes for the reading.
C.You don't need to press the button.
D.It should be put in one's armpit.
解析:选A 推理判断题。根据The no-touch thermometer (体温计)部分的“It may be easy for you,but it's an impossible task for little kids...Now,with the new thermometer,users can simply put it 2.5 centimeters from a patient's forehead...”可推知,no-touch thermometer使给小孩量体温更容易了。故选A。
3.In which part of a newspaper can you possibly read this text?
A.Education. B.Sports.
C.Science.   D.Entertainment.
解析:选C 推理判断题。本文主要介绍了《时代周刊》评出的年度最佳发明,应该属于报纸上的科技板块。故选C。
B
(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)
As data and identity theft becomes more and more common,the market is growing for biometric (生物测量) technologies—like fingerprint scans—to keep others out of private e-spaces.At present,these technologies are still expensive,though.
Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device (装置) that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard.This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence (节奏) with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key.The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user's typing and the time between key presses.These patterns are unique to each person.Thus,the keyboard can determine people's identities,and by extension,whether they should be given access to the computer it's connected to—regardless of whether someone gets the password right.
It also doesn't require a new type of technology that people aren't already familiar with.Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently.
In a study describing the technology,the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word “touch” four times using the smart keyboard.Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed,with very low error rates.The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive,plastic-like parts.The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。介绍了一种防止个人身份和数据在电子空间被盗的高科技智能键盘。
4.Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard?
A.To reduce pressure on keys.
B.To improve accuracy in typing.
C.To replace the password system.
D.To cut the cost of e-space protection.
解析:选D 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“At present,these technologies are still expensive,though.”和第二段第一句“...they have come up with a low-cost device (装置) that gets around this problem”可知,研发智能键盘的目的是为了降低保护电子空间的成本。
5.What makes the invention of the smart keyboard possible?
A.Computers are much easier to operate.
B.Fingerprint scanning techniques develop fast.
C.Typing patterns vary from person to person.
D.Data security measures are guaranteed.
解析:选C 推理判断题。根据第三段“Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently.”可知,人与人打字的模式不同,使得这一发明能够实现其功能。
6.What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard?
A.It'll be environment-friendly.
B.It'll reach consumers soon.
C.It'll be made of plastics.
D.It'll help speed up typing.
解析:选B 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive,plastic-like parts.The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.”可知,实现智能键盘商业化很容易,并且其造价并不昂贵,因此研发团队希望在不久的将来能将其投放市场。
7.Where is this text most likely from?
A.A diary. B.A guidebook.
C.A novel.   D.A magazine.
解析:选D 推理判断题。本文是一篇说明文,介绍一种防止个人身份和数据在电子空间被盗的高科技智能键盘,由此可推断本文最有可能刊登在科学类杂志上。
Ⅱ.语法填空
Most Americans think of New Year as a single day on January 1st.However,Chinese-Americans and people from other 1.____________(culture) that use different calendars each have another celebration as well.A good example of this is the Chinese New Year celebration in San Francisco,which is similar to 2.____________we do in Shanghai.
The most famous part of Chinese New Year in San Francisco is the parade,which 3.____________(watch) by over three million people every year.Over a hundred entries take part in the parade 4.____________(march) through downtown and Chinatown.In the course of the parade,cheering from the crowd is mixed 5.____________ music as local community groups wave banners,flags,and carry lanterns.Chinese themed floats will “float” by,including 6.____________ long Golden Dragon float that 7.____________(take) one hundred people to operate.Local kung fu schools will perform lion dances when firecrackers explode around their feet.
For many Americans,celebrating 8.____________(they) ancestral culture is as 9.____________(importance) as American culture,and they celebrate both.If you have a chance 10.____________(visit) the United States,you may have a chance to see some of the celebrations yourself.
【语篇解读】 本文主要叙述了中国的一些传统节日在美国的庆祝方式,简单介绍了春节在旧金山的庆祝方式。
1.解析:other常常修饰复数名词。
答案:cultures
2.解析:此处用what作do的宾语。
答案:what
3.解析:the parade和watch之间是被动关系,通篇时态为一般现在时。
答案:is watched
4.解析:现在分词短语作后置定语。
答案:marching
5.解析:考查固定短语。be mixed with“混合”,文中指欢呼声和歌声混合。
答案:with
6.解析:考查冠词的用法。此处为泛指,应为a。
答案:a
7.解析:a long Golden Dragon float 是主语,为单数名词,所以谓语take应该用单数形式。
答案:takes
8.解析:ancestral culture为名词,故要用they的形容词性物主代词their来修饰名词。
答案:their
9.解析:此处缺少is的表语,故要用importance的形容词形式。
答案:important
10.解析:考查不定式作定语。have a chance to do sth.“有做某事的机会”。
答案:to visit
1.invention     n. 发明;发明物
2.bottom n.底部;末端
3.automatically adv.自动地;无意识地
4.button n.按钮;电钮
5.in contact 接触
6.shopping cart 购物
Perhaps that is one reason why Americans today spend more than five times as much money on food each year as they did before 1937—the coming of the shopping cart.
[分析] “why Americans today spend more than five times as much money on food each year as they did before 1937”是reason的定语从句。
[翻译] 也许这就是为什么美国人现在每年花在食物上的钱是1937年之前的五倍——购物车的到来。
课件25张PPT。Section Ⅰ Warming Up & Reading 语 篇 理 解 基 础 巩 固 能 力 提 升 基 础 巩 固patent courtyard walnut powder perfume stainless passive seize recognition criterion valid file string glue distinguish merciful product cube abrupt convenient caution expectation merry ripe apply for a patent decide on call up call in now and then set about set out seize the opportunity pick up distinguish...from... there only seemed to be can you say so strict that will you receive a patent 语 篇 理 解 能 力 提 升点 击 进 入Unit 3  Section Ⅱ Learning about Language
& Using Language
能力提升
Ⅰ.七选五
What could be better than starting the year with hope and promises for being more successful,more productive,or more loving?This will be the year to take big steps,to make big changes,and to achieve big goals.
__1__ The biggest argument against setting New Year's plans comes from a research that shows that among the people who set New Year's plans,less than 10 percent actually achieve them.More than 50 percent of people can't even remember what they were when you ask them later in the year.
No matter which side you stand on,you will be right.__2__ Here are some reasons that you should consider while deciding whether to make plans this year:
You like filling your brain with some extra motivation.Be actively engaged in a goal.__3__ We seem to be getting as much pleasure from chasing our dreams as we do from achieving them.
__4__ Stating the same goals year after year means that these are important areas in your life,and that you want to see yourself making progress and improving.That you haven't achieved it yet means that your approach needs to be changed.Set the goal or goals again this year,and change your approach.
You want to get things done.__5__ From daily things,like getting out of bed to go to work in the morning to once-in-a-lifetime things like visiting the Great Wall of China,we get things done when we treat them like goals that need to be achieved.
A.So start working on your goals now.
B.You have been setting the same goals for years.
C.Just make sure that you are right for the right reasons.
D.This will give us a lot of happiness regardless of the outcome.
E.Knowing the end goal of anything sets our wheels in the move.
F.Write down your plans where you can look them up often and easily.
G.The arguments about whether we should make New Year's plans have already begun.
【语篇解读】 本文主要谈论的是制定新年计划时应该考虑的一些因素。
1.解析:选G 根据后面的“The biggest argument against setting New Year's plans”可知,本段主要谈论的是“关于我们是否应该制定新年计划的辩论已经开始”。
2.解析:选C 根据前面的“无论你站在哪一边,你都是对的,只是要确保你正确的合适的理由”。以下是做出计划时应考虑的一些因素。
3.解析:选D 根据后面的“as much pleasure from chasing our dreams”可知,“积极追求目标,不管结果如何都会给我们快乐,我们似乎从追逐梦想中获得了很多的乐趣”。
4.解析:选B 根据后面的“Stating the same goals year after year”和“Set the goal or goals again this year”可判断出,本段主要谈论的是“你已经设定了相同的目标多年”。
5.解析:选E 根据段落主题句“You want to get things done.”和“From daily things...”可知,E项“知道任何事情的最终目标会使我们行动起来”符合语境。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)
The small town of Rjukan in Norway is situated between several mountains and does not get direct sunlight from late September to mid-March—__1__six months out of the year.
“Of course,we __2__ it when the sun is shining,” says Karin Ro,who works for the town's tourism office.“We see the sky is __3__,but down in the valley it's darker—it's like on a __4__ day.”
But that __5__ when a system of high-tech __6__ was introduced to reflect sunlight from neighboring peaks (山峰) into the valley below.Wednesday,residents (居民) of Rjukan __7__ their very first ray of winter sunshine: A row of reflective boards on a nearby mountainside were put to __8__.The mirrors are controlled by a computer that __9__ them to turn along with the sun throughout the __10__ and to close during windy weather.They reflect a concentrated beam (束) of light onto the town's central __11__,creating an area of sunlight roughly 600 square meters.When the light __12__,Rjukan residents gathered together.
“People have been __13__ there and standing there and taking __14__ of each other,” Ro says.“The town square was totally __15__.I think almost all the people in the town were there.” The 3,500 residents cannot all __16__ the sunshine at the same time.__17__,the new light feels like more than enough for the town's __18__ residents.
“It's not very __19__,” she says,“but it is enough when we are __20__.”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。挪威山谷小镇Rjukan受地形影响,一年有近六个月无阳光照射。当地政府在山顶架设巨镜,利用反光原理将光线反射到小镇中心广场,让民众能够享受到自然阳光。
1.A.only B.obviously
C.nearly D.precisely
解析:选C 根据上文“late September to mid-March”可知,Rjukan小镇一年中有“将近”六个月的时间没有阳光,nearly符合语境。
2.A.fear B.believe
C.hear D.notice
解析:选D 根据下文“We see the sky is...but down in the valley it's darker...”可知,他们“注意”到了这一现象。
3.A.empty B.blue
C.high D.wide
解析:选B 根据下文“but down in the valley it's darker”可知,虽然天是“蔚蓝色”的,但山谷下面却很阴暗,blue符合语境。
4.A.cloudy B.normal
C.different D.warm
解析:选A 根据上文“but down in the valley it's darker”可知,光线很暗,就像阴天一样,cloudy符合语境。
5.A.helped B.changed
C.happened D.mattered
解析:选B 根据下文可知情况有所“改变”,changed符合语境。
6.A.computers B.telescopes
C.mirrors D.cameras
解析:选C 根据下文“to reflect sunlight from...”和“reflective boards...”及“The mirrors are controlled by a computer...”可知,引入了高科技的“反射镜”。
7.A.remembered B.forecasted
C.received D.imagined
解析:选C 根据下文“creating an area of...When the light...residents gathered together”可知,Rjukan居民“迎来”了他们冬日的第一束阳光,received符合语境。
8.A.repair B.risk
C.rest D.use
解析:选D 根据全文可知利用镜面反射原理,用反射镜将山顶的阳光反射到山谷下面,put...to use意为“应用……”,符合语境。
9.A.forbids B.directs
C.predicts D.follows
解析:选B 根据下文“to turn along with the sun”可知,反射镜由电脑“控制”,随着太阳光线转动而转动,B项directs符合语境。
10.A.day B.night
C.month D.year
解析:选A 因为只有9月底到3月中旬这段时间没有阳光,故排除C和D项,太阳在白天才有,因此A项day符合语境。
11.A.library B.hall
C.square D.street
解析:选C 根据下文“The town square was totally...”可知,反射镜将阳光反射到小镇的中心“广场”上。
12.A.appeared B.returned
C.faded D.stopped
解析:选A 根据下文“Rjukan residents gathered together.”可知,应是阳光出现的时候,因此appeared符合语境。
13.A.driving B.hiding
C.camping D.sitting
解析:选D 根据上文“Rjukan residents gathered together.”和下文“standing there”可知,小镇居民都聚集在广场上,或“坐着”或站着,A项driving,B项hiding和C项camping都不符合语境,只有D项sitting符合语境。
14.A.pictures B.notes
C.care D.hold
解析:选A 根据上文“Rjukan residents gathered together.”和下文“I think almost all the people in the town were there.”可知,整个小镇居民都来广场享受他们第一束冬日阳光,这是第一次,一次大事件,大家都互相“拍照”留念,pictures符合语境。
15.A.new B.full
C.flat D.silent
解析:选B 根据下文“I think almost all the people in the town were there.”可知,几乎小镇上的所有人都聚集在广场,full符合语境。
16.A.block B.avoid
C.enjoy D.store
解析:选C 根据下文“the new light feels like more than enough”可知,约600平方米的阳光照不全小镇,因此所有居民不能同时“享受”阳光。故选C项。
17.A.Instead B.However
C.Gradually D.Similarly
解析:选B 根据上文“cannot all”和下文“more than enough”可知,此处表示转折,however符合语境。
18.A.nature-loving B.energy-saving
C.weather-beaten D.sun-starved
解析:选D 根据上文可知小镇一年中有大半年时间“没有阳光”,由此可推知sun-starved (缺乏阳光的,急需阳光的) 符合语境。
19.A.big B.clear
C.cold D.easy
解析:选A 由上文“the new light feels like more than enough”和下文“but it is enough when...”可知,反射的阳光面积不够“大”,无法照射每一个人,big符合语境。
20.A.trying B.waiting
C.watching D.sharing
解析:选D 阳光面积不是很大,但是足够大家“共享”,sharing符合语境。
1.productive      adj.能生产的
2.motivation n.动机;动力;积极性
3.approach n.方法;接近 v.靠近;走近
4.agreement n.协议;同意
5.patience n.耐性;耐
课件11张PPT。Section Ⅱ Learning about Language & Using Language基 础 巩 固 能 力 提 升 基 础 巩 固versions tapped currents stable associated personnel extension dynamic competences practical or inspiration freezing The written untouched to go finding with practically Distinguishing→Distinguished out→about frozen→freezing merry→merrily understand→understood 能 力 提 升点 击 进 入Unit 3  Section Ⅲ Grammar
能力提升
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Teachers' Day dates back to the Han Dynasty (206 BC~220 AD).According to the record,during the Han and Jin dynasties,on August 27 each year,the birthday of Confucius,the emperor would go to the Confucius' temple and pay tribute (敬意) to the ancient philosopher followed by court officials,and would also invite royal teachers to the imperial court for a banquet.On this day,teachers around the nation enjoyed a day's vacation and were given dried meat as gifts.
The capital,all states and counties would also hold ceremonies to worship Confucius.Excellent performing teachers would be chosen from academies and learning institutions nationwide,reporting to the royal court and given 500 liang (两) silver coins as awards.
Until the Qing Dynasty,the ceremony,on August 27,was of a larger scale.The teachers' salaries in schools and academies around the nation were raised,and well-performing teachers would be awarded official titles or promoted to higher positions.
Normally,an ancient teacher's income included salary,accommodation and festival gifts.There was no fixed tuition fee.Generally the parents paid teachers according to their household income.Both money and basic foodstuff could be paid in exchange for tuition.
In private schools,teachers always received money or gifts from the host family at certain festivals or at the beginning and end of each semester.
The festivals in which teachers received gifts varied from region to region,while the most valued ones were the Duanwu,Mid-Autumn and Chinese New Year festivals,as well as Confucius' birthday and the private tutor's birthday.
Among all the gift-giving festivals,the first meeting gift was a must.When students met their private tutors for the first time,they had to kneel down to Confucius' spirit tablet and then to their private tutors,before presenting a “gift”.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是中国教师节的历史,包括其由来,最初孔子诞辰就是教师节。
1.The passage mainly talks about ________.
A.the teachers in ancient China
B.the Teachers' Day in ancient China
C.the teachers' high positions in ancient China
D.the teachers' salaries in ancient China
解析:选B 主旨大意题。通读全文可知,本文主要介绍的是中国教师节的历史,包括其由来等。故选B。
2.How long has the Teachers' Day been in China?
A.1,500~2,500 years.   B.2,000~3,000 years.
C.3,000~4,000 years. D.4,000~5,000 years.
解析:选A 推理判断题。根据第一段第一句“Teachers' Day dates back to the Han Dynasty (206 BC~220 AD).”可知故选A。
3.What is the special gift for the teachers on the Teachers' Day during the Han and Jin dynasties?
A.A higher position. B.A day free.
C.500 liang silver coins. D.Days' vacation.
解析:选B 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“On this day,teachers around the nation enjoyed a day's vacation and were given dried meat as gifts.”可知,在教师节这一天,全国的教师都可以休假一天,并且得到肉干作为礼物。故选B。
4.What's the main idea of the last four paragraphs?
A.Where teachers could get gifts in ancient China.
B.Why teachers got gifts in ancient China.
C.How teachers were presented with gifts in ancient China.
D.When teachers received gifts in ancient China.
解析:选C 段落大意题。文章后四段主要介绍了在中国古代教师在哪些时间和场合接收礼物的情况。故选C。
B
A record 6.15 million trips were made by Chinese mainland tourists to overseas destinations during the seven-day Spring Festival holiday,which ended on Thursday,according to the China National Tourism Administration.That is an increase of 7 percent compared with last year's Spring Festival.About 374,000 trips were organized by travel agencies,a 2.5 percent increase.
The administration also reported growth from individual and high-end (高端的) travelers and said that in addition to top and coastal cities,inland cities—such as those in the Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region—became important source markets.With many Chinese now traveling abroad for Spring Festival,their choice of destinations has expanded along with their growing interest in foreign cultures and services.
“Chinese tourists are increasingly willing to experience local cultures and services,including staying in private homes,appreciating plants and watching monkeys in hot springs,” Li Xuejing,the agency's marketing manager,said.
A Chinese tourist surnamed Guo,who was vacationing on an island in the Philippines,said: I now pay more attention to relaxation and enjoyment during the holidays instead of shopping or choosing gifts for relatives.
Another choice is Britain.Though the devaluation (货币贬值) of the pound is a factor,Britain's rich history and famous education tradition have caught the eye of Chinese.
【语篇解读】 本文主要讲述的是在春节假期中国人选择外出旅游的人数急剧增长。
5.How many trips were made to foreign countries during the Golden Week of this Spring Festival holiday?
A.6,150,000. B.2,500,000.
C.7,000,000. D.374,000.
解析:选A 细节理解题。根据第一段中“A record 6.15 million trips were made by Chinese mainland tourists to overseas destinations during the seven-day Spring Festival holiday”可知,故选A。
6.What can we learn about some inland cities in Guangxi?
A.They're reported to have become important attractions.
B.They're famous for all kinds of plants and monkeys.
C.They have the best hot spring in the world.
D.They belong to coastal source markets.
解析:选A 细节理解题。根据第二段中“in addition to top and coastal cities,inland cities—such as those in the Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region—became important source markets”可知,广西壮族自治区也成了旅游的胜地。故选A。
7.What would Miss Guo do on her vacation according to the text?
A.Go shopping for gifts. B.Study foreign cultures.
C.Relax and enjoy herself. D.Chat with her relatives.
解析:选C 细节理解题。根据第四段中“I now pay more attention to relaxation and enjoyment during the holidays instead of shopping or choosing gifts for relatives”可知,她现在更注重放松和娱乐。故选C。
8.Where does the text probably come from?
A.A guide book. B.A newspaper.
C.A scientific magazine. D.An advertisement.
解析:选B 文章出处题。整篇文章主要报道了中国人在春节期间外出旅游的人数急剧增加,故本文应该是报纸中的一篇文章。故选B。
Ⅱ.短文改错
Dear Sabrina,
Thanks for your letter.You ask me to tell you about my favourite day of the week.Well,it's certain Friday.One reason why I like Friday is because I have my favourite subject at school:PE and chemistry.Chemistry is great because we do experiments in the science lab and our teacher,Mr King,are so funny.In PE we usually play the basketball,which is my favourite sport.I'm well at it because I'm quite tall.On Friday evenings we sometimes go to someone house for a party or watch a film.We can relax a bit because there's no school in Saturday.
Tell me about your favourite day in your next letter.
Love,
Dani
答案:
Dear Sabrina,
Thanks for your letter.You me to tell you about my favourite day of the week.Well,it's Friday.One reason why I like Friday is I have my favourite at school:PE and chemistry.Chemistry is great because we do experiments in the science lab and our teacher,Mr King, so funny.In PE we usually play basketball,which is my favourite sport.I'm at it because I'm quite tall.On Friday evenings we sometimes go to house for a party or watch a film.We can relax a bit because there's no school Saturday.
Tell me about your favourite day in your next letter.
Love,
Dani
1.date back to   追溯到……;从……开始
2.banquet n.宴会;盛宴
3.worship v.崇拜;尊崇
4.nationwide adj.全国范围的;全国性的
adv.在全国
5.accommodation n.住处
6.foodstuff n.食物;食品
7.in exchange for 交换
8.tutor n.家庭教师;私人教
A record 6.15 million trips were made by Chinese mainland tourists to overseas destinations during the seven-day Spring Festival holiday,which ended on Thursday,according to the China National Tourism Administration.
[分析] which引导非限制性定语从句,“during the seven-day Spring Festival holiday”为时间状语。
[翻译] 根据中国国家旅游局的数据,截止至周四在7天的春节假期期间,中国大陆游客赴海外旅游达到了创纪录的615万人次
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