中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
冲刺2020年江苏高考英语——(任务型阅读题)解题方法指导
写在前面的话
任务型阅读虽然在江苏高考英语中仅仅占了10分，也是全卷占分比最小的一道题，但偏偏就是这道题
卡住了大多数考生，遭到了不少考生的吐槽。据有关方面披露，这道题的省均分每年都在4分左右，可见
其难度有多大。然而，不管有多难，我们考生都要克服畏难情绪，力争攻克这道难题，获得比较理想分
数。基于此本专题将为你排忧解难。
一、解题的基本步骤
第一步：扫读表格，通过对表格略加分析来厘清文章的框架，对考试内容做到心中有数
1.熟悉表格的结构：顶端栏内的内容常常是文章的标题(如2019、2017)；左栏的内容通常就是短文段落的主题；表格的右栏一般是对左栏内容进行说明或阐述的重要细节，因此左右栏的内容是相辅相成的。读懂了表格标题有助于理解短文及表格的大意，了解表格结构和题目的设置。
2.关注“三空”(“概括词”空、“短语搭配”空及“行文逻辑”空)：
①概括词空一般在左栏(注意表格前的小标题通常就是段落和表格的主题句)，在其对应的右栏中能找到一个共性的词语，或“隐”或“显”。“显”的方面：根据右栏的叙述很快就能填上类似于advantages, definition, concept, difference, disadvantages, explanations, reasons, approaches, causes等等常规词汇。不过江苏高考更倾向于考查根据右栏的“隐性”词语分析得出的能力(要擅于捕捉和解读“隐性词”信息)。
②读空格前后，尽快去发现是否有熟悉的短语搭配信息。
③读空格前后信息判断是否存在着某种逻辑常识信息。
第二步：结合表格框架结构浏览全文，迅速定位，通过仔细比较甄别来确定正确答案
一般说来，任务型阅读题的命题设置还是根据文章的结构来设题的。所以可以大体快速定位，对信息进行比较甄别确定正确答案。注意正确答案除了要避免时态、人称、单复数形式的错误，更不能出现拼写、大小写等低级错误外，还要考虑其他三个方面：①简洁性：根据试题的要求，填入一个最恰当的词，因此必须对所获取的信息进行浓缩、改写，用最恰当的词简洁地表达重要信息；②对称性?：对试题所在表格的上下、左右进行研究，挖掘出其表达形式的共性，如名词短语、非谓语动词短语及介词短语等都应保持一致；③概括性：在最大程度上覆盖有关栏目内的全部信息。
二、解题的具体方法
信息查找题
命题特点：这类题目要求考生能快速在文章中查找相关句子，筛选信息，并用文章中的词填空。
解题方法：将表格中的有关部分与原文相关句子进行比对，获取到相关单词。有时试题和原文句型句式不同，需简单地进行逻辑推理，然后找到相应的单词，一般不需变化，直接填入。
例①(2011年江苏卷)Why Bother?
Why do we apologize? Why do we ever put ourselves in situations likely to be difficult, embarrassing, and even risky? Leaders who apologize publicly could be an easy target. They are expected to appear strong and capable. And whenever they make public statements of any kind, their individual and institutional reputations are in danger. Clearly, then, leaders should not apologize often or lightly. For a leader to express apology, there needs to be a good, strong reason. Leaders will publicly apologize if and when they think the costs of doing so are lower than the costs of not doing so.
Being public figures, leaders are (77) ▲ to appear strong and capable.
【答案】expected
【解析】此题根据空格后的to appear strong and capable可以快速在原文中将信息定位在“They are expected to appear strong and capable. ”根据原文可知They指leaders，故填expected。原文和此题均是被动语态。
例②(2012年江苏卷)In July 2010 Burt’s Bees, a personal-care products company, was going through enormous change as it began a global expansion into 19 new countries. In this kind of high-pressure situation, many leaders bother their assistants with frequent meetings or flood their in-boxes with urgent demands. In doing so, managers lift everyone’s anxiety level, which activates the part of the brain that processes threats and steals resources from the prefrontal cortex(大脑皮层), which is responsible for effective problem solving.
Such a management style may result in greater (72) ▲ and less productivity in the assistants.
【答案】anxiety/concern/worry
【解析】此题是对原文“In doing so, managers lift everyone’s anxiety level, which activates the part of the brain that processes threats and steals resources from the prefrontal cortex, which is responsible for effective problem solving. ”的转换。由于该句和题目所在的句子相似单词少，大大增加了难度。其实此处的result in greater anxiety与原句中lift everyone’s anxiety level意思一致。当然填anxiety的近义词concern或worry也正确。
信息转换题
命题特点：这类题型需要找到能够替换原文相关句子中的某些词汇的新词汇。
解题方法：信息转换题是典型的二次加工题型，需要我们考生有基本的构词法知识，对句子成分和词性的对应关系要有明确清晰的理解。做题时，不但要找到与试题相关的句子信息，还要根据词法和句法知识以及上下文的逻辑关系进行加工，从而提炼出新词。可细分为如下两种情况：①词性、词形转换：被考查单词在原文和试题中充当的句子成分不同，因而需在不同词性(名词、动词、形容词、副词等)之间进行转换；或者因为语法需要，需要在动词的谓语、非谓语形式之间，主动、被动之间转换。②句型、词汇转换：试题中的被考查单词在原文中找不到同根词，无法获取单词进行转换，需根据原文中相应句子的意义和上下文逻辑关系进行句型转换，或者选用合适的其他词汇。
例①(2012年江苏卷)That outcome shouldn’t surprise us. Research shows that when people work with
a positive mind-set(思维模式), performance on nearly every level—productivity, creativity,
involvement—improves. Yet happiness is perhaps the most misunderstood driver of performance. For one, most people believe that success comes before happiness. “Once I get a promotion, 111 be happy,” they think. Or, “Once I hit my sales target, IH feel great.” But because success is a moving target—as soon as you hit your target, you raise it again—the happiness that results from success does not last long.
Research findings: People perform better when thinking (76) ▲ .
【答案】positively
【解析】此句对应的原文信息：Research shows that when people work with a positive mind-set, performance on nearly every level—productivity, creativity, involvement—improves.因此，对比之后，此题空格处填的词与原文中的positive有关，再根据其前的thinking可知应用副词形式positively。
例②(2010年江苏卷)Our earth itself is a big magnet(磁体).So a little magnetic needle that swings freely lines itself with the big earth magnet to point north and south. When people discovered that idea about a thousand years ago and invented the compass, it allowed sailors to navigate(航海)on ocean voyages, even under cloudy skies.
Our earth is a big magnet and a little freely (71) ▲ magnetic needle lines itself with the earth magnet to point north and south.
【答案】swinging
【解析】此句对应的原文信息是：So a little magnetic needle that swings freely lines itself with the big earth magnet to point north and south.通过对比，我们可以很容易地发现空格处填的词与swing有关，再根据此题后有谓语动词lines，所以此空填非谓语动词swinging。
例③(2015年江苏卷)News of the first kind pays its rewards at once. A reader can enjoy an indirect experience without any of the dangers or stresses involved. He can tremble wildly at an axe-murder, shake his head sympathetically and safely at a hurricane, identify himself with the winning team, laugh understandingly at a warm little story of children or dogs.
News of immediate reward will seemingly take their readers to the very frightening scene without
actual (73) ▲ .
【答案】involvement
【解析】此句对应的原文信息是：A reader can enjoy an indirect experience without any of the dangers or stresses involved.结合题干前面的形容词actual应该填名词involvement “参与”。
例④(2014年江苏卷)Schools try to teach kids about the dangers of negative peer pressure. They teach kids to stand up and be themselves, and encourage them to politely decline to do things that they believe are wrong. Similarly, it can be helpful to encourage children to greet the beneficial influence of positive peer groups.
To avoid the danger of negative peer pressure, kids should learn to be independent when necessary, and
say (80) ▲ to anything that is wrong or illegal.
【答案】no
【解析】此句对应的原文信息是：They teach kids to stand up and be themselves, and encourage them to politely decline to do things that they believe are wrong.将其中“decline to do sth...”转换为“say no to ...”。
例⑤Older people who suffer health problems still say they are OK.
Older people ▲ health problems feel good about themselves.
【答案】suffering
【解析】复合句与简单句的转换。把定语从句转换成现在分词短语作定语。原句：患有健康问题的老年人仍然说他们没事。转换：患有健康问题的老年人自我感觉良好。
例⑥Let your friends know your ideas, and you needn’t force them to follow the ideas.
You can let your friends know your ideas without ▲ them to follow the ideas.
【答案】forcing
【解析】并列句与简单句的转换。原句：让你的朋友知道你的想法，而你不必强迫他们遵循这些想法。转换：你可以让你的朋友知道你的想法，而不必强迫他们遵循这些想法。
例⑦Some researchers have made a survey in which 200 housewives were involved, finding that they have greater ambitions for career.
Some researchers have made a survey ▲ 200 housewives and found that they still want to
work.
【答案】involving
【解析】复合句与简单句的转换。原句：一些研究人员做了一项调查，其中有200名家庭主妇参与其中，发现她们对事业有更大的抱负。转换：一些研究人员对200名家庭主妇进行了调查，发现他们仍然想工作。
例⑧Another common misunderstanding is that our genetics, our environment, or a combination of the two determines how happy we are.
It is also misunderstood that how happy we are is ▲ by our genetics, environment or a
combination of the two.
【答案】determined/decided
【解析】简单句与强调句的转换。原句：另一个常见的误解是我们的基因，我们的环境，或者两者的结合决定了我们有多幸福。转换：人们也误解了我们的幸福感是由我们的基因、环境或两者的结合决定的。
信息概括题
命题特点：信息概括题要求考生对全文或段落进行总体语篇把握，并结合表格的设置特点，从而归纳和概括出空格所需单词，作为文章或段落的标题或小标题。
解题方法：寻找文章或段落主题句；根据问题查找定位信息，找出共性的东西，填上结论性词汇。有的题在原文中可能找不到明显对应的信息句，这就要求我们首先要确定信息区域，然后对该区域进行认真地分析归纳，填上归纳性词汇。
例①(2008年江苏卷)
(74) ▲ ◆Understand and agree to the (75) ▲ task of one’s own.◆Take turns doing various tasks.◆Show concern for others to ensure safety.◆Take (76) ▲ for one’s own learning.◆Compare your own observations with those of others.
【答案】Suggestions/Advice
【解析】右栏内容所说的全是建议(Suggestions)。当然填Advice也对。
例②(2010年江苏卷)
The (78) ▲ of the magnetic stuff for the animal compass. ◆Little rod-like bacteria were found by chance to swim together in the direction of (79) ▲ . ◆Some animals had a chain of dense magnetic particles in or close to the (71) ▲ inside their bodies.
【答案】discovery
【解析】右栏内容就是说明这位科学家的发现。同时，我们也可从右栏中的found得到暗示。所以第78空填概括性词汇discovery。
说明：以下以2016年江苏高考卷任务型阅读题为例来说明完整的解题过程(解析说得比较详细，我们并不是要求考试时考生也要这么做，只是为了说明解题思路而已)。
(2016年江苏卷)
An?Extension?of?the?Human?Brain
Other people can help us compensate for our mental and emotional deficiencies(欠缺), much as a wooden leg can compensate for a physical deficiency. To be exact, other people can extend our intelligence and help us understand and adjust our emotions. When another person helps us in such ways, he or she is participating in what I’ve called a “social prosthetic(义肢的)system.” Such systems do not need to operate face-to-face, and it’s clear to me that the Internet is expanding the range of my own social prosthetic systems. It’s already a big bank of many minds. Even in its current state, the Internet has extended my memory and judgment.
Regarding memory: Once I look up something on the Internet, I don’t need to keep all the details for future use—I know where to find that information again and can quickly and easily do so. More generally, the Internet functions as if it were my memory. This function of the Internet is particularly striking when I’m writing; I’m no longer comfortable writing if I’m not connected to the Internet. It’s become natural to check facts as I write, taking a minute or two to dip into PubMed, Wikipedia, or other websites.
Regarding judgment: The Internet has made me smarter in matters small and large. For example, when I’m writing a textbook, it has become second nature to check a dozen definitions of a key term, which helps me dig into the core and understand its meaning. But more than that, I now regularly compare my views with those of many others. If I have a “new idea”, I now quickly look to see whether somebody else has already thought of it, or something similar—and I then compare what I think with what others have thought. This certainly makes my own views clearer. Moreover, I can find out whether my reactions to an event are reasonable enough by reading about those of others on the Internet.
These effects of the Internet have become even more striking since I’ve begun using a smartphone. I now regularly pull out my phone to check a fact, watch a video, read weibo. Such activities fill the spaces that used to be dead time(such as waiting for somebody to arrive for a lunch meeting).
But that’s the upside(好处).The downside is that in those dead periods I often would let my thoughts flow and sometimes would have an unexpected insight or idea. Those opportunities are now fewer and farther between.
An Extension of the Human Brain
A prosthetic nature 荫 ◆The (71) ▲ can help make up for our mental and emotional deficiencies as a wooden leg can compensate for a bodily deficiency.◆It (72) ▲ in our daily events, extending our intelligence, comprehending our feelings, and expanding the range of social activities.
Wonderful aspects: memory and judgment ? ◆On the Internet, we could quickly and easily locate the details, and check facts, without (73) ▲ them in mind.
? ◆The Internet makes us smarter over (74) ▲ kinds of things. It provides a dozen definitions of a key term for us to find the (75) ▲ of the matter.? ◆The Internet enables us to exchange ideas with many others to (76) ▲ our claims, and to (77) ▲ our actions.
The (78) ▲ sidesof smartphones ? ◆Smartphones make it easier and more (79) ▲ to check reality, watch video clips, read weibo.
? ◆Smartphones (80) ▲ the possibility for new and insightful minds, and steal away our dead time.
阅读表格我们可以得出以下有助于我们快速解题的有用信息：
①文章的标题：An Extension of the Human Brain (人脑的延伸)
②栏目份三大块五个栏目：第三块78题为信息概括题。
注意：根据右栏可以试填出76题的答案：two；
It (72) ▲ in our daily events提示我们注意动词+ in的短语；可以试填joins(join in动
词短语)；
without (73) ▲ them in mind.提示我们注意动词+宾语+ in mind的短语，可以试填keeping(keep…in mind动词短语)；
(74) ▲ kinds of things 可以试填为all(all kinds of)。
③表格需要我们填写的部分有三大块(A prosthetic nature, Wonderful aspects: memory and judgment, The (78) ▲ sides of smartphones)，每一块分别对应相关的段落。
④结合表格给出的框架浏览全文，我们可以快速得出短文的大体内容：本文讲的是与“An Extension of the Human Brain(人脑的延伸)”话题相关的互联网和智能电话。显然这是一篇说明文。
接着浏览全文，把握文章脉络；对照表格，迅速定位，比照阅读，斟酌答案：
71.【答案】Internet
【解析】信息查找题。根据题干中的“mental and emotional deficiencies”定位到第一句话“Other people can help us compensate for our mental and emotional deficiencies”；根据原文中的“Other people”，你很有可能填“others”。但是稍作思考你会发现：the others(其他所有的人)放在空格处明显不符合逻辑。再看跟71题并列的72题的主语用的是“It”，充分说明填“others”是不对的。根据第一段后面的叙述，应该填Internet。网路可以帮助我们弥补精神和情感上的缺陷，就像木腿(假腿)可以弥补身体上的缺陷一样。
72.【答案】participates/joins
【解析】信息转换题。根据题干中的“extending our intelligence”定位到第一段第二句话“To be exact, other people can extend our intelligence and help us understand and adjust our emotions.确切的说，其他人可以延伸我们的智力，帮助我们理解和调整我们的情绪”。根据以上定位，还是无法找到具体的单词，需要结合72题的主语“It指网路”，接着看定位句后面的内容，原来这是指人们通过互联网参与我们的日常活动，来达到“拓展我们的智力，帮助我们理解和调整我们的情绪”的目的。也就是说互联网已经参与(融入到)我们生活的方方面面。根据前面主语“It”判定空格处所要填的为动词的第三人称单数，故“participates/joins in”符合句意。
73.【答案】keeping
【解析】信息转换题。根据右栏中的“memory”定位到第二段第一句话“Once I look up something on the Internet, I don’t need to keep all the details for future use—I know where to find that information again and can quickly and easily do so.一旦我在互联网上查找某类信息，我没有必要把将来要使用到的所有相关细节全部保存下来——我知道到哪儿能够再次快速、容易地查到此类信息”。将上述定位的句子的意思转换理解成：在网路上，我们可以快速、轻松地找到细节，并检查事实，而不必把它们记住。根据前面的介词“without”和后面的“them”判定空格处所要填的为动词的ing形式，故填keeping。本题也可以根据动词短语“keep...in mind把……记在心里/记住”直接搞定答案。
74.【答案】all/different/various
【解析】信息转换题。根据题干中的“smarter”定位到第三段第一句“The Internet has made me smarter in matters small and large.互联网让我在大事小情上变得更有智慧”。将上述定位句中的“matters small and large”转换成“all/different/various”的事情。对于“all/different/various kinds of”的搭配我们考生再熟悉不过啦。
75.【答案】heart/core
【解析】信息转换题。根据题干中的“dozen definitions of a key term”定位到第四段第二句“For example,
when I’m writing a textbook, it has become second nature to check a dozen definitions of a key term,
which helps me dig into the core and understand its meaning.例如，在我编写一本教科书的时候，针对某一关键术语琳琅满目的定义或解释进行核对已经成为了另外一种习惯做法，因为它能让我深入到问题的核心并理解它的含义”；将定位句转换理解成“互联网为我们找到问题的核心提供了许多关键术语的定义。”故填heart/core。“the core/heart of the matter”和原文中“dig into the core”语义一致。
76.【答案】check
【解析】信息概括题。题干中的“our claims”对应于第三段中的“my own views”，所以定位句是“This certainly makes my own views clearer这当然使我自己的观点更清楚了”；仅仅凭定位句是没有办法把所要填的词定下来，还需要看上文“If I have a ‘new idea’, I now quickly look to see whether somebody else has already thought of it, or something similar—and I then compare what I think with what others have thought.如果我有了新想法，我就会立即去查看是否有人早已想到了这个想法或者想到了其他类似的想法——并且我就会把我所想到的和其他人想到的加以比较”来确定。根据上文这儿应该填check(根据前面的“to”和后面的“our claims”判定空格处所要填的为原形动词)。check与原文“look to see”语义一致。
77.【答案】judge
【解析】信息概括题。题干中的“actions”对应于第三段中的“my reactions”，所以定位句是“Moreover, I can find out whether my reactions to an event are reasonable enough by reading about those of others on the Internet.此外，我还可以通过阅读互联网上其他人的评论来了解我对某个事件的反应是否足够合理”；根据定位句，可以归纳出这里所说的意思是：互联网使我们能够与其他许多人交换意见，以检查我们的主张，并判断我们的行为。故填judge(与76题是并列关系，故也判定空格处所要填的为原形动词)。
78.【答案】mixed/two
【解析】信息概括题。根据右栏所列出的两条，结合最后一段中的两个关键词“upside, downside”可以直接填上“two”。文章在最后两段中既提到了智能手机的优点也提到了其缺点。所以这是智能手机的正反两方面内容，所以填“two”；估计很少有考生会想到填“mixed”的。
79.【答案】convenient
【解析】信息概括题。根据题干直接定位到倒数第二段第二句“I now regularly pull out my phone to check a fact, watch a video, read weibo. 现在我会时不时地拿出手机，要么核验一下事实，要么看看视频，或者刷一下微博”。根据定位句可知：智能手机使得核实实际情况、观看视频片段、阅读微博变得更容易、更方便。根据前面“easy”故用形容词“convenient”。
80.【答案】reduce
【解析】信息转换题。根据题干直接定位到文章最后两句“The downside is that in those dead periods I often would let my thoughts flow and sometimes would have an unexpected insight or idea. Those
opportunities are now fewer and farther between.缺点是在那些过去认为无法利用的时间里，我会放任我的思绪自由驰骋，而正是在这驰骋的过程中，一些意想不到的灵感或想法会在脑海中灵光一现。但这种灵光一现的机会却随着网络的出现，离我们渐行渐远”。根据定位句可知：在过去那些时候，我总会有一些灵光一现的神来之念，但是现在这些时间都被智能手机占用了。无疑就减少了这些神来之念的可能性。所以表格中使用“reduce the possibility”。
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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
冲刺2020年江苏高考英语——(任务型阅读题)解题方法指导
写在前面的话
任务型阅读虽然在江苏高考英语中仅仅占了10分，也是全卷占分比最小的一道题，但偏偏就是这道题
卡住了大多数考生，遭到了不少考生的吐槽。据有关方面披露，这道题的省均分每年都在4分左右，可见
其难度有多大。然而，不管有多难，我们考生都要克服畏难情绪，力争攻克这道难题，获得比较理想分
数。基于此本专题将为你排忧解难。
一、解题的基本步骤
第一步：扫读表格，通过对表格略加分析来厘清文章的框架，对考试内容做到心中有数
1.熟悉表格的结构：顶端栏内的内容常常是文章的标题(如2019、2017)；左栏的内容通常就是短文段落的主题；表格的右栏一般是对左栏内容进行说明或阐述的重要细节，因此左右栏的内容是相辅相成的。读懂了表格标题有助于理解短文及表格的大意，了解表格结构和题目的设置。
2.关注“三空”(“概括词”空、“短语搭配”空及“行文逻辑”空)：
①概括词空一般在左栏(注意表格前的小标题通常就是段落和表格的主题句)，在其对应的右栏中能找到一个共性的词语，或“隐”或“显”。“显”的方面：根据右栏的叙述很快就能填上类似于advantages, definition, concept, difference, disadvantages, explanations, reasons, approaches, causes等等常规词汇。不过江苏高考更倾向于考查根据右栏的“隐性”词语分析得出的能力(要擅于捕捉和解读“隐性词”信息)。
②读空格前后，尽快去发现是否有熟悉的短语搭配信息。
③读空格前后信息判断是否存在着某种逻辑常识信息。
第二步：结合表格框架结构浏览全文，迅速定位，通过仔细比较甄别来确定正确答案
一般说来，任务型阅读题的命题设置还是根据文章的结构来设题的。所以可以大体快速定位，对信息进行比较甄别确定正确答案。注意正确答案除了要避免时态、人称、单复数形式的错误，更不能出现拼写、大小写等低级错误外，还要考虑其他三个方面：①简洁性：根据试题的要求，填入一个最恰当的词，因此必须对所获取的信息进行浓缩、改写，用最恰当的词简洁地表达重要信息；②对称性?：对试题所在表格的上下、左右进行研究，挖掘出其表达形式的共性，如名词短语、非谓语动词短语及介词短语等都应保持一致；③概括性：在最大程度上覆盖有关栏目内的全部信息。
二、解题的具体方法
信息查找题
命题特点：这类题目要求考生能快速在文章中查找相关句子，筛选信息，并用文章中的词填空。
解题方法：将表格中的有关部分与原文相关句子进行比对，获取到相关单词。有时试题和原文句型句式不同，需简单地进行逻辑推理，然后找到相应的单词，一般不需变化，直接填入。
例①(2011年江苏卷)Why Bother?
Why do we apologize? Why do we ever put ourselves in situations likely to be difficult, embarrassing, and even risky? Leaders who apologize publicly could be an easy target. They are expected to appear strong and capable. And whenever they make public statements of any kind, their individual and institutional reputations are in danger. Clearly, then, leaders should not apologize often or lightly. For a leader to express apology, there needs to be a good, strong reason. Leaders will publicly apologize if and when they think the costs of doing so are lower than the costs of not doing so.
Being public figures, leaders are (77) ▲ to appear strong and capable.
例②(2012年江苏卷)In July 2010 Burt’s Bees, a personal-care products company, was going through enormous change as it began a global expansion into 19 new countries. In this kind of high-pressure situation, many leaders bother their assistants with frequent meetings or flood their in-boxes with urgent demands. In doing so, managers lift everyone’s anxiety level, which activates the part of the brain that processes threats and steals resources from the prefrontal cortex(大脑皮层), which is responsible for effective problem solving.
Such a management style may result in greater (72) ▲ and less productivity in the assistants.
信息转换题
命题特点：这类题型需要找到能够替换原文相关句子中的某些词汇的新词汇。
解题方法：信息转换题是典型的二次加工题型，需要我们考生有基本的构词法知识，对句子成分和词性的对应关系要有明确清晰的理解。做题时，不但要找到与试题相关的句子信息，还要根据词法和句法知识以及上下文的逻辑关系进行加工，从而提炼出新词。可细分为如下两种情况：①词性、词形转换：被考查单词在原文和试题中充当的句子成分不同，因而需在不同词性(名词、动词、形容词、副词等)之间进行转换；或者因为语法需要，需要在动词的谓语、非谓语形式之间，主动、被动之间转换。②句型、词汇转换：试题中的被考查单词在原文中找不到同根词，无法获取单词进行转换，需根据原文中相应句子的意义和上下文逻辑关系进行句型转换，或者选用合适的其他词汇。
例①(2012年江苏卷)That outcome shouldn’t surprise us. Research shows that when people work with
a positive mind-set(思维模式), performance on nearly every level—productivity, creativity,
involvement—improves. Yet happiness is perhaps the most misunderstood driver of performance. For one, most people believe that success comes before happiness. “Once I get a promotion, 111 be happy,” they think. Or, “Once I hit my sales target, IH feel great.” But because success is a moving target—as soon as you hit your target, you raise it again—the happiness that results from success does not last long.
Research findings: People perform better when thinking (76) ▲ .
例②(2010年江苏卷)Our earth itself is a big magnet(磁体).So a little magnetic needle that swings freely lines itself with the big earth magnet to point north and south. When people discovered that idea about a thousand years ago and invented the compass, it allowed sailors to navigate(航海)on ocean voyages, even under cloudy skies.
Our earth is a big magnet and a little freely (71) ▲ magnetic needle lines itself with the earth magnet to point north and south.
例③(2015年江苏卷)News of the first kind pays its rewards at once. A reader can enjoy an indirect experience without any of the dangers or stresses involved. He can tremble wildly at an axe-murder, shake his head sympathetically and safely at a hurricane, identify himself with the winning team, laugh understandingly at a warm little story of children or dogs.
News of immediate reward will seemingly take their readers to the very frightening scene without
actual (73) ▲ .
例④(2014年江苏卷)Schools try to teach kids about the dangers of negative peer pressure. They teach kids to stand up and be themselves, and encourage them to politely decline to do things that they believe are wrong. Similarly, it can be helpful to encourage children to greet the beneficial influence of positive peer groups.
To avoid the danger of negative peer pressure, kids should learn to be independent when necessary, and
say (80) ▲ to anything that is wrong or illegal.
例⑤Older people who suffer health problems still say they are OK.
Older people ▲ health problems feel good about themselves.
例⑥Let your friends know your ideas, and you needn’t force them to follow the ideas.
You can let your friends know your ideas without ▲ them to follow the ideas.
例⑦Some researchers have made a survey in which 200 housewives were involved, finding that they have greater ambitions for career.
Some researchers have made a survey ▲ 200 housewives and found that they still want to
work.
例⑧Another common misunderstanding is that our genetics, our environment, or a combination of the two determines how happy we are.
It is also misunderstood that how happy we are is ▲ by our genetics, environment or a
combination of the two.
信息概括题
命题特点：信息概括题要求考生对全文或段落进行总体语篇把握，并结合表格的设置特点，从而归纳和概括出空格所需单词，作为文章或段落的标题或小标题。
解题方法：寻找文章或段落主题句；根据问题查找定位信息，找出共性的东西，填上结论性词汇。有的题在原文中可能找不到明显对应的信息句，这就要求我们首先要确定信息区域，然后对该区域进行认真地分析归纳，填上归纳性词汇。
例①(2008年江苏卷)
(74) ▲ ◆Understand and agree to the (75) ▲ task of one’s own.◆Take turns doing various tasks.◆Show concern for others to ensure safety.◆Take (76) ▲ for one’s own learning.◆Compare your own observations with those of others.
例②(2010年江苏卷)
The (78) ▲ of the magnetic stuff for the animal compass. ◆Little rod-like bacteria were found by chance to swim together in the direction of (79) ▲ . ◆Some animals had a chain of dense magnetic particles in or close to the (71) ▲ inside their bodies.
说明：以下以2016年江苏高考卷任务型阅读题为例来说明完整的解题过程(解析说得比较详细，我们并不是要求考试时考生也要这么做，只是为了说明解题思路而已)。
(2016年江苏卷)
An?Extension?of?the?Human?Brain
Other people can help us compensate for our mental and emotional deficiencies(欠缺), much as a wooden leg can compensate for a physical deficiency. To be exact, other people can extend our intelligence and help us understand and adjust our emotions. When another person helps us in such ways, he or she is participating in what I’ve called a “social prosthetic(义肢的)system.” Such systems do not need to operate face-to-face, and it’s clear to me that the Internet is expanding the range of my own social prosthetic systems. It’s already a big bank of many minds. Even in its current state, the Internet has extended my memory and judgment.
Regarding memory: Once I look up something on the Internet, I don’t need to keep all the details for future use—I know where to find that information again and can quickly and easily do so. More generally, the Internet functions as if it were my memory. This function of the Internet is particularly striking when I’m writing; I’m no longer comfortable writing if I’m not connected to the Internet. It’s become natural to check facts as I write, taking a minute or two to dip into PubMed, Wikipedia, or other websites.
Regarding judgment: The Internet has made me smarter in matters small and large. For example, when I’m writing a textbook, it has become second nature to check a dozen definitions of a key term, which helps me dig into the core and understand its meaning. But more than that, I now regularly compare my views with those of many others. If I have a “new idea”, I now quickly look to see whether somebody else has already thought of it, or something similar—and I then compare what I think with what others have thought. This certainly makes my own views clearer. Moreover, I can find out whether my reactions to an event are reasonable enough by reading about those of others on the Internet.
These effects of the Internet have become even more striking since I’ve begun using a smartphone. I now regularly pull out my phone to check a fact, watch a video, read weibo. Such activities fill the spaces that used to be dead time(such as waiting for somebody to arrive for a lunch meeting).
But that’s the upside(好处).The downside is that in those dead periods I often would let my thoughts flow and sometimes would have an unexpected insight or idea. Those opportunities are now fewer and farther between.
An Extension of the Human Brain
A prosthetic nature 荫 ◆The (71) ▲ can help make up for our mental and emotional deficiencies as a wooden leg can compensate for a bodily deficiency.◆It (72) ▲ in our daily events, extending our intelligence, comprehending our feelings, and expanding the range of social activities.
Wonderful aspects: memory and judgment ? ◆On the Internet, we could quickly and easily locate the details, and check facts, without (73) ▲ them in mind.
? ◆The Internet makes us smarter over (74) ▲ kinds of things. It provides a dozen definitions of a key term for us to find the (75) ▲ of the matter.? ◆The Internet enables us to exchange ideas with many others to (76) ▲ our claims, and to (77) ▲ our actions.
The (78) ▲ sidesof smartphones ? ◆Smartphones make it easier and more (79) ▲ to check reality, watch video clips, read weibo.
? ◆Smartphones (80) ▲ the possibility for new and insightful minds, and steal away our dead time.
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