中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
冲刺2020年江苏高考英语——(书面表达题)解题方法指导
写在前面的话
书面表达历来是江苏高考英语中占据分值仅次于阅读理解的一大题型，25分的分值足可以拉开考生的英语差距。由此可见书面表达对于我们争取高考英语高总分的重要性毋庸置疑。但是书面表达的两条能力要求“根据特定的语境准确使用英语语法，选用恰当的词汇”和“使用一定的句型、词汇，清楚、连贯地传递信息和表达思想”却让不少考生望之而却步，谈之而色变，因而在高考中只好匆匆写上几句，得分不高，着实让人惋惜。如何扭转这种状况，本专题将助你一臂之力。
自从江苏自主命题以来，江苏卷的书面表达就命题所提供的材料方面看有文字(包括英文)介绍、图表、图画(漫画)、文字(包括英文)+图表/图画(漫画)等形式。归结起来大致就三种题型：文字阅读型，图画(表)型、文字图画(表)融合型。但是不管是以何种形式命题的书面表达，一般来说都有以下几个解题步骤：
第一步 审题：通过读题，包括题目要求、题目中的信息、画面内容及画面信息(画面中的对话、说明等)、所给的要阅读的文章(比如一个故事、段落、书信、博客、帖子、图表)，在草稿纸上列出文章的Frame，即要写几个段落、每个段落的内容要点、时态、人称；
第二步 写作：根据所列每段要点进行遣词造句，把要表达的内容与英语中的一些地道短语、句型联系起来，切忌汉式表达；根据各自的水平用一些有把握的丰富的句型，切忌从句套从句，切忌为了使句子复杂化而刻意堆积复杂句型而导致表达不清晰；期间，注意段落间使用过渡句，同一段落中句子间注意顺畅衔接，不要给阅卷老师极不连贯的感觉；熟练使用不同类写作的套用语；注意表达时上下的逻辑，切忌乱用衔接词；开放性比较强的段落要注意思想性，表达时注意层次性，切忌随意堆放组合。
第三步 复查：①查句式：看句子成分是否完整、语序是否正确；
②查谓语部分：所用动词或短语是否正确、时态语态是否正确、主谓是否一致、非谓语形式是否正确；
③查搭配：核查搭配是否符合英语表达习惯；
④查拼写、标点和字数：看拼写是否有误、标点是否正确(尤其注意写作中经常要用到非限制性定语从句来对前面补充说明或说明引起的后果，这时务必加逗号)。
其实三种形式任务型写作都包括两个方面：一是概括题目所给的文字材料、描述图表或图画(漫画)所提供的信息；二是围绕话题展开议论、论证或发表自己的看法等等。
(一)如何概括或描述
1.“文字材料”如何概括
概括三原则：①精——抓住文中关键词句，省去详例、细节词语，精炼、简洁地概括；②准——准确把握短文中心，概括内容不偏不倚，概括范围不大不小。注意：概括时一般使用第三人称，时态与原文一致。③变——适当变换原文表达，灵活转述，不可照搬原句。概括常用方法：同义或反义词替换、主被动互换、非谓语动词短语与从句互换、整合信息、释义法。不同文体概括注意点：“故事类”要抓住“who(关键人物)”、“what(主要情节)”，按“起因、经过、结果”的思路进行概括。若故事还有启示，可用一句简短的话进行概括。“议论文或说明文”要抓住主题句，分析文章结构，提炼每段中心，整合相同论点。对于文字材料中所提到的具体事例可“一言以蔽之”：The author thinks that…, and he employs an example to prove it. 常用的概括开头语：According to the passage, we know...; The writer states that...; The author thinks/argues...; The story/passage is about...; The writer/author tells us about...; The story mainly tells us that...
例：请阅读下面文字，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。
Li Jiang When I was in the primary school, I often met with problems which I could not work out on my own, especially in English and arithmetic. So I downloaded an online educational app named Zuoyebang. Since then, I have been using several kinds of such software, for example, Xuebajun and Haofenshu. Whenever I have a problem, I will turn to them. As a result, my study has been progressing steadily. I will strongly recommend these apps to my friends.
Su Hua After entering the senior high, I found I had more and more difficulty learning maths and English. As many online learning products are quite popular among other students, my parents subscribed to one for me too. After that, however, I feel as if I were going to two schools, one real-world school and one online school. Every day I have endless exercises to do and feel very tired. Worse still, I feel I have lost interest in my study now. What shall I do?
【写作内容】
1.用约30个词概括上述利用在线教育app学习的现象；
2.你是支持还是反对利用在线教育app学习？请谈谈你的看法，并用2~3个理由或论据支撑你的看法。
【写作要求】
1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3.不必写标题。
【评分标准】
内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。
【如何概括】看两段文字提炼信息：随着因特网和教育的深度结合，在线教育蓬勃发展，很多学生把在线教育当成了有效的学习工具。这种学习新模式对有些学生也有一些负面影响。斟酌概括上述材料内容的关键词：combine with, spring up, adopt … as efficient learning tools, have negative effects on。然后扩展成句：
①As the Internet combines deeply with education/With the deep combination of the Internet and education
②Online learning apps are springing up.
③Many students have adopted/used them as efficient learning tools.
④This new learning mode may also have some negative effects on some students.
最后合并成篇(见答案)。
【参考答案】As the Internet combines deeply with education, online learning apps are springing up. Many students have adopted them as efficient learning tools. However, they may also have negative effects on some students.
【答案点评】参考答案用了一个复合句和两个简单句话把文字材料所反映的主要内容进行了概括；其中“However”承上启下，使得上下文连贯自然；“as”连词的使用成就了一个高级句型。高级词汇“spring up, adopt…as…”为文章增色不少。
2.“图表”如何描述
概括图表就是将数据、图像等所包含的信息转化为表意的说明文字。图表往往提供大量数据，应仔细观察分析，从中选择有效信息，对没有的信息不能凭主观想象任意捏造，我们要在写作前仔细研读图表，准确读懂图表数据及标题所提供的信息，把握所反映的主题内容，观察趋向和结果，找出变化的规律。然后，用简单明了的语言点明本图表所反映的主题，而且要对图表中所表示的数据以及变化趋势进行准确的描述。在此环节考生要凭借一定的数据分析和材料归纳的能力进行归纳拓展。为分析原因，发表议论铺垫。
常用的概括词汇：表变化的词汇：rise, drop, reduce, increase, decrease, fall, on the decrease/increase/rise, range from…to…；表对比的词汇：while, but, on the contrary, however，compared... to/with, in contrast to；表相似/不同的词汇：as...as, the same as, be similar to, different from, more than, less than+倍数等等；常用的概括句型：①There is an increase (a boom) in the number of the people who visit here. ②There is an upward trend from 2018 to 2019. ③Now the total number is three times what it was in 2016. ④The total number was lowered by 10%. ⑤Compared with 2018, it fell from 15% to 10%.等等。
例：请认真阅读下面有关中学生自信心现状调查的柱状图及相关文字，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。
Self-confidence is an attitude which allows individuals to have positive yet realistic views of themselves and their situations. People who are not self-confident depend excessively on the approval of others in order to feel good about themselves. They tend to avoid taking risks because they fear failure. They generally do not expect to be successful. They often put themselves down and tend to discount or ignore compliments paid to them.
【写作内容】
1.用约30个单词概括上述图文信息；
2.简要分析中学生培养自信心的重要性(不少于两点)；
3.根据你的分析，谈谈中学生自信心培养的途径和方法。
【写作要求】
1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3.不必写标题。
【评分标准】
内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。
【如何概括】看柱状图提炼信息：学生普遍不自信；公开场合不敢表现、思维方式消极悲观、处理事情能力差。至于“学习不如其他同学”这一点可以不提，因为“思维方式消极悲观”就隐含了这一点。看文字提炼要点：这一段文字实际上说的就是：自信心对人的发展的重要性。斟酌概括图文内容的关键词：self-confidence, be crucial to, a lack of self-confidence, common among students, dare not express oneself publicly, think negatively, have poor capacity to handle problems.
然后扩展成句：
①Self-confidence is crucial to our development.
②A lack of self-confidence is common among middle school students.
③Some students dare not express themselves publicly.
④Others think negatively.
⑤Others think they have poor capacity to handle problems.
最后合并成篇(见答案)。
【参考答案】Self-confidence is crucial to our development. However, a lack of self-confidence is common among middle school students. Some dare not express themselves publicly while others think negatively or have poor capacity to handle problems.(34 words)
【答案点评】参考答案只用了一句话就把文字材料所反映的专题进行了概括；用一个简单句和一个复合句概括图表所反映的情况。其中“However”承上启下，使得上下文连贯自然；“while”连词的使用成就了一个高级句型。
3.“图画”如何描述
图画类作文实际上就是要求考生根据自己的认识水平，解读画面，按照要求和提示信息展开想象和议
论，将漫画、照片或图片中描述的内容转化成文字。概括过程中，考生要认真观察图画，结合文字信息，确立图片所要表达的主题。画面的主体往往是人物。要仔细观察画面中人物的体型，相貌，表情，语言，动作等，推测人物的思想面貌；其次要观察周围环境，弄清事件发生的时间，地点以及和事件有关的情况，综合一切信息确定文章主题。
例：请根据你对以下图画的理解，按照要求写一篇 150 词左右的英语短文。
【写作内容】
1.简要描述这幅图的内容并概述你对这幅图的理解；
2.谈谈你如何看待这种现象，并用2~3个理由或论据支撑你的看法。
【写作要求】
1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3.不必写标题。
【评分标准】
内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。
【如何描述】图中人物活动：(从背景中的“学生宿舍”可知)一个学生正在宿舍给妈妈打电话。电话内容：问妈妈袜子怎么洗。对此现象进行简单的评论：此种现象有点荒唐，但是反映现在普遍存在的一个问题：学生缺乏照顾自己的能力。斟酌概括上述材料内容的关键词：call sb. for instructions, wash socks, phenomenon, ridiculous, reveals a common problem, lack the ability to care for sb.
然后扩展成句：
①In the picture, a student, standing in his dorm, is calling his mother for instructions to wash his socks./As the picture shows, a student is phoning his mother, asking her how to wash his socks.
②This phenomenon may seem ridiculous.
③This phenomenon reveals a common problem today.
④Students lack the ability to care for themselves.
最后合并成篇(见答案)。
【参考答案】In the picture, a student, standing in his dorm, is calling his mother for instructions to wash his socks. Ridiculous as the phenomenon may seem, it reveals a common problem today—students lack the ability to care for themselves.
【答案点评】参考答案用了两句话把图画所反映的主要以及对图画的理解作了阐述。参考答案以使用非谓语动词见长：standing, to wash, to care。“as”连词的使用成就了一个高级句型。
4.至于“文字图画(表)融合型”如何概括就要结合以上方法综合考虑。
例①请认真阅读下面这幅图片及相关文字，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章
【写作内容】
1.用约30个单词概述图片和文字的主要内容；
2.用约120个单词阐述你的观点，内容包括：
(1)对“设立家规”这一做法的认识(至少两点)；
(2)请列举一条你家的家规以及你对它的理解。
【写作要求】
1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3.不必写标题。
【评分标准】
内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。
【如何概括】图片反映的是母子的对话；文字反映的是夫妇之间的讨论。根据母亲所说的话“You didn’t tell us the truth about the exam”可提炼出：孩子就考试的情况撒谎了。根据文字材料可提炼出：夫妇二人深入讨论了“设立家规”来帮助约束孩子的行为。斟酌概括图文内容的关键词：lie about the exam, a couple, have a thorough discussion, decide to list some family rules, help regulate their child’s behavior.
然后扩展成句：
①The child lie about the exam.
②A couple have a thorough discussion.
③They decide to list some family rules.
④They expect that the family rules will help regulate their child’s behavior.
⑤Others think they have poor capacity to handle problems.
最后合并成篇(见答案)。
【参考答案】Due to their child’s lying about the exam, a couple have a thorough discussion and decide to list some family rules, which they think will help regulate his behavior.
【答案点评】由于字数的限制，参考答案就用了一个复合句把图文的主要信息给概括了。“孩子就考试撒谎”与“设立家规”存在逻辑上的因果关系，所以范文用了“due to”；范文用了一个非限制性定语从句点明了“设立家规”的目的。范文的概括逻辑性非常强。
例②请认真阅读下面有关某校学生父母教育方式现状调查的饼状图及相关文字，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。
One Friday in June, 2018. In a schoolMr. Chen: What will your parents do if you get a lower grade in school?Li Hua: They will be angry and scold me. Mr. Chen: Do you want to have a talk with your parents, for example, about your life in school?Li Hua: I don’t want to tell them my school life as well as my feelings, because they can’t understand me. Mr. Chen: How do you like the relation between your parents and you? Li Hua: Although they love me, they often push me to study hard, which puts too much pressure on me.
【写作内容】
1.用约30个词概括上述饼状图的主要内容；
2.简要谈谈父母教育方式的重要性；
3.谈谈你理想中的父母教育方式。(上述对话仅供参考)。
【写作要求】
1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3.不必写标题。
【评分标准】
内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。
【如何概括】饼状图中有5个数据，但是不必都写出来，而是选择特别能够说明问题的四个数据：和谐共处(39%)、平等对待(31%)、过高期望(16%)和苛刻要求(11%)。选择概括四个数据的关键词：harmonious, equal treatment, expect too much, be harder on.然后把这些关键词扩展成句：
39% of the students enjoy a harmonious family atmosphere.
31% of the students think they are equally treated.
16% of the parents expect too much of their children.
11% of the parents are even harder on tehir children.
最后合并成篇(见答案)。
【参考答案】Most of the students enjoy a harmonious family atmosphere with equal treatment. However, about 16% of the parents expect too much of their children and some are even harder on them.(31 words)
【答案点评】参考答案用一个简单句和一个并列句就把柱状图所反映的内容全部进行了概括。特别是对有关数据的处理更是独具匠心，使人耳目一新。
(二)围绕话题展开议论、论证或发表自己的看法
这一部分的写作实际上“仁者见仁智者见智”的问题，没有一个固定不变的所谓写作模式，但是也有一般的规律可循。在完成了任务型写作中概括或描述以后，需要解决下列三个问题：
①用好过渡句，引出自己观点或是指出某一现象、变化、趋势等；
②例证、论证自己的观点或是分析产生这一现象的原因、变化、或趋势；
③结论部分要注意前后呼应：论证或是分析之后，要进一步概括归纳自己的观点，升华主题，并注意首尾呼应。
例：请阅读下面图画和文字，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。
【写作内容】
1.上面图文信息中的Matti的情况实际上反映了一种社会现象，请以约30词阐述这种现象的主要内容；
2.你认为人们该以什么样的态度来对待这种社会现象？是将它当做一种社会问题加以干涉，还是当做一种正常现象给予理解？请给出理由论证你的观点(至少三点)。
【写作要求】
1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3.不必写标题。
【评分标准】
内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。
第一段用约30个单词概述上述图文的主要内容
The pictures vividly mirror?a common social problem with the example of Mattis who?is reluctant to socialize with whoever likely contacts her, whether strangers or even neighbors.
第二段将它当做一种社会问题加以干涉并给出理由论证自己的观点
从反面讲：害怕社交，说明是一种心理疾病，原因可能是对别人的不信任，这会加剧人的搞的鬼，甚至导致忧郁；从正面讲：要学会社交，这是培养合作能力的关键，没有社交能力一个人就不会与他人合作而被社会所淘汰；从科技方面讲：这是现代社会的通病，过分依赖于电子产品，从而失去了与现实中的人交际的能力。
This social problem?deserves due attention. On the one hand, one’s?reluctance to socialize?is rooted in his born distrust in others, which is a psychological?problem and tends to leave him increasingly depressed. On the other side, the ability to socialize?is key to modern organizations, without which one cannot cooperate with others and?ends up being?left out.?Besides, it?serves as a?warning?that too much?reliance on technology has?alienated?more and more people from real life.
第三段进一步概括归纳自己的观点，升华主题
After all,?no man is an island.?We should first?treat those like Matti?with respect and tolerance and?then encourage them to?join in social activities if possible. Only by doing so can?the?sunshine fill every corner of?their inner world.
【参考答案】
The pictures vividly mirror a common social problem with the example of Mattis who is reluctant to socialize with whoever likely contacts her, whether strangers or even neighbors.
This social problem?deserves due attention. On the one hand, one’s?reluctance to socialize?is rooted in his born distrust in others, which is a psychological?problem and tends to leave him increasingly depressed. On the other side, the ability to socialize?is key to modern organizations, without which one cannot cooperate with others and?ends up being?left out.?Besides, it?serves as a?warning?that too much?reliance on technology has?alienated?more and more people from real life.
After all,?no man is an island.?We should first?treat those like Matti?with respect and tolerance and?then encourage them to?join in social activities if possible. Only by doing so can?the?sunshine fill every corner of?their inner world.
【官方参考答案】
Possible version one:
These caricatures actually demonstrate a kind of social phenomenon in some people. Just like Matti, they would rather put themselves into discomfort or inconvenience than contact other people.
From my angle, we should understand this phenomenon in a sensible way, namely, treat it as a personal preference instead of a social problem. Just leave it as it is. To begin with, these people may be enjoying their lifestyle but not suffering from it. They don’t seem to ask for assistance from the outside world. Moreover, despite their different behavior from us, they do us no harm. so why should we bias against them? Isn’t a society with a variety of living styles more colorful? Admittedly, some imperfections like lack of self-confidence or incompetence may exist and indicate their temporary difficulty in life, but it means not others’ intervention but their own maturation.
To sum up, an accepting attitude is more humanistic to those special Mattis.
Possible version Two:
As we can see from these caricatures, shy people like Matti, are reluctant to communicate with strangers, anxious about being with unfamiliar people in public places and even nervous about meeting neighbors.
Nowadays, this kind of social phenomenon is not rare. Actually, social anxiety is getting in the way of those people’s social life. It is a common psychological problem that interferes with people’s normal routine and causes tremendous distress on a regular basis. Thus, by no means should it be ignored or treated merely as a normal social phenomenon. Instead, due attention should be given.
From my perspective, a tolerant and understanding attitude towards those people is essential. Being a considerate companion instead of pushing them too hard will do little harm to them. Also, we should never be stingy with the credit they deserve, which will definitely play a crucial role in nurturing their high self-esteem and overcoming their sense of inferiority.
Matti is sharing an elevator with
a strange, but she keeps a distance.
Matti wants take a free sample, but she doesn’t want to chat with the salesperson.
Matti wants to leave her apartment, but her neighbor is in the hallway.
Matti wants to take a bus, but she doesn’t want to sit next to others.
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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
冲刺2020年江苏高考英语——(书面表达题)解题方法指导
写在前面的话
书面表达历来是江苏高考英语中占据分值仅次于阅读理解的一大题型，25分的分值足可以拉开考生的英语差距。由此可见书面表达对于我们争取高考英语高总分的重要性毋庸置疑。但是书面表达的两条能力要求“根据特定的语境准确使用英语语法，选用恰当的词汇”和“使用一定的句型、词汇，清楚、连贯地传递信息和表达思想”却让不少考生望之而却步，谈之而色变，因而在高考中只好匆匆写上几句，得分不高，着实让人惋惜。如何扭转这种状况，本专题将助你一臂之力。
自从江苏自主命题以来，江苏卷的书面表达就命题所提供的材料方面看有文字(包括英文)介绍、图表、图画(漫画)、文字(包括英文)+图表/图画(漫画)等形式。归结起来大致就三种题型：文字阅读型，图画(表)型、文字图画(表)融合型。但是不管是以何种形式命题的书面表达，一般来说都有以下几个解题步骤：
第一步 审题：通过读题，包括题目要求、题目中的信息、画面内容及画面信息(画面中的对话、说明等)、所给的要阅读的文章(比如一个故事、段落、书信、博客、帖子、图表)，在草稿纸上列出文章的Frame，即要写几个段落、每个段落的内容要点、时态、人称；
第二步 写作：根据所列每段要点进行遣词造句，把要表达的内容与英语中的一些地道短语、句型联系起来，切忌汉式表达；根据各自的水平用一些有把握的丰富的句型，切忌从句套从句，切忌为了使句子复杂化而刻意堆积复杂句型而导致表达不清晰；期间，注意段落间使用过渡句，同一段落中句子间注意顺畅衔接，不要给阅卷老师极不连贯的感觉；熟练使用不同类写作的套用语；注意表达时上下的逻辑，切忌乱用衔接词；开放性比较强的段落要注意思想性，表达时注意层次性，切忌随意堆放组合。
第三步 复查：①查句式：看句子成分是否完整、语序是否正确；
②查谓语部分：所用动词或短语是否正确、时态语态是否正确、主谓是否一致、非谓语形式是否正确；
③查搭配：核查搭配是否符合英语表达习惯；
④查拼写、标点和字数：看拼写是否有误、标点是否正确(尤其注意写作中经常要用到非限制性定语从句来对前面补充说明或说明引起的后果，这时务必加逗号)。
其实三种形式任务型写作都包括两个方面：一是概括题目所给的文字材料、描述图表或图画(漫画)所提供的信息；二是围绕话题展开议论、论证或发表自己的看法等等。
(一)如何概括或描述
1.“文字材料”如何概括
概括三原则：①精——抓住文中关键词句，省去详例、细节词语，精炼、简洁地概括；②准——准确把握短文中心，概括内容不偏不倚，概括范围不大不小。注意：概括时一般使用第三人称，时态与原文一致。③变——适当变换原文表达，灵活转述，不可照搬原句。概括常用方法：同义或反义词替换、主被动互换、非谓语动词短语与从句互换、整合信息、释义法。不同文体概括注意点：“故事类”要抓住“who(关键人物)”、“what(主要情节)”，按“起因、经过、结果”的思路进行概括。若故事还有启示，可用一句简短的话进行概括。“议论文或说明文”要抓住主题句，分析文章结构，提炼每段中心，整合相同论点。对于文字材料中所提到的具体事例可“一言以蔽之”：The author thinks that…, and he employs an example to prove it. 常用的概括开头语：According to the passage, we know...; The writer states that...; The author thinks/argues...; The story/passage is about...; The writer/author tells us about...; The story mainly tells us that...
例：请阅读下面文字，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。
Li Jiang When I was in the primary school, I often met with problems which I could not work out on my own, especially in English and arithmetic. So I downloaded an online educational app named Zuoyebang. Since then, I have been using several kinds of such software, for example, Xuebajun and Haofenshu. Whenever I have a problem, I will turn to them. As a result, my study has been progressing steadily. I will strongly recommend these apps to my friends.
Su Hua After entering the senior high, I found I had more and more difficulty learning maths and English. As many online learning products are quite popular among other students, my parents subscribed to one for me too. After that, however, I feel as if I were going to two schools, one real-world school and one online school. Every day I have endless exercises to do and feel very tired. Worse still, I feel I have lost interest in my study now. What shall I do?
【写作内容】
1.用约30个词概括上述利用在线教育app学习的现象；
2.你是支持还是反对利用在线教育app学习？请谈谈你的看法，并用2~3个理由或论据支撑你的看法。
【写作要求】
1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3.不必写标题。
【评分标准】
内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。
2.“图表”如何描述
概括图表就是将数据、图像等所包含的信息转化为表意的说明文字。图表往往提供大量数据，应仔细观察分析，从中选择有效信息，对没有的信息不能凭主观想象任意捏造，我们要在写作前仔细研读图表，准确读懂图表数据及标题所提供的信息，把握所反映的主题内容，观察趋向和结果，找出变化的规律。然后，用简单明了的语言点明本图表所反映的主题，而且要对图表中所表示的数据以及变化趋势进行准确的描述。在此环节考生要凭借一定的数据分析和材料归纳的能力进行归纳拓展。为分析原因，发表议论铺垫。
常用的概括词汇：表变化的词汇：rise, drop, reduce, increase, decrease, fall, on the decrease/increase/rise, range from…to…；表对比的词汇：while, but, on the contrary, however，compared... to/with, in contrast to；表相似/不同的词汇：as...as, the same as, be similar to, different from, more than, less than+倍数等等；常用的概括句型：①There is an increase (a boom) in the number of the people who visit here. ②There is an upward trend from 2018 to 2019. ③Now the total number is three times what it was in 2016. ④The total number was lowered by 10%. ⑤Compared with 2018, it fell from 15% to 10%.等等。
例：请认真阅读下面有关中学生自信心现状调查的柱状图及相关文字，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。
Self-confidence is an attitude which allows individuals to have positive yet realistic views of themselves and their situations. People who are not self-confident depend excessively on the approval of others in order to feel good about themselves. They tend to avoid taking risks because they fear failure. They generally do not expect to be successful. They often put themselves down and tend to discount or ignore compliments paid to them.
【写作内容】
1.用约30个单词概括上述图文信息；
2.简要分析中学生培养自信心的重要性(不少于两点)；
3.根据你的分析，谈谈中学生自信心培养的途径和方法。
【写作要求】
1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3.不必写标题。
【评分标准】
内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。
3.“图画”如何描述
图画类作文实际上就是要求考生根据自己的认识水平，解读画面，按照要求和提示信息展开想象和议
论，将漫画、照片或图片中描述的内容转化成文字。概括过程中，考生要认真观察图画，结合文字信息，确立图片所要表达的主题。画面的主体往往是人物。要仔细观察画面中人物的体型，相貌，表情，语言，动作等，推测人物的思想面貌；其次要观察周围环境，弄清事件发生的时间，地点以及和事件有关的情况，综合一切信息确定文章主题。
例：请根据你对以下图画的理解，按照要求写一篇 150 词左右的英语短文。
【写作内容】
1.简要描述这幅图的内容并概述你对这幅图的理解；
2.谈谈你如何看待这种现象，并用2~3个理由或论据支撑你的看法。
【写作要求】
1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3.不必写标题。
【评分标准】
内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。
4.至于“文字图画(表)融合型”如何概括就要结合以上方法综合考虑。
例①请认真阅读下面这幅图片及相关文字，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章
【写作内容】
1.用约30个单词概述图片和文字的主要内容；
2.用约120个单词阐述你的观点，内容包括：
(1)对“设立家规”这一做法的认识(至少两点)；
(2)请列举一条你家的家规以及你对它的理解。
【写作要求】
1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3.不必写标题。
【评分标准】
内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。
例②请认真阅读下面有关某校学生父母教育方式现状调查的饼状图及相关文字，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。
One Friday in June, 2018. In a schoolMr. Chen: What will your parents do if you get a lower grade in school?Li Hua: They will be angry and scold me. Mr. Chen: Do you want to have a talk with your parents, for example, about your life in school?Li Hua: I don’t want to tell them my school life as well as my feelings, because they can’t understand me. Mr. Chen: How do you like the relation between your parents and you? Li Hua: Although they love me, they often push me to study hard, which puts too much pressure on me.
【写作内容】
1.用约30个词概括上述饼状图的主要内容；
2.简要谈谈父母教育方式的重要性；
3.谈谈你理想中的父母教育方式。(上述对话仅供参考)。
【写作要求】
1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3.不必写标题。
【评分标准】
内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。
(二)围绕话题展开议论、论证或发表自己的看法
这一部分的写作实际上“仁者见仁智者见智”的问题，没有一个固定不变的所谓写作模式，但是也有一般的规律可循。在完成了任务型写作中概括或描述以后，需要解决下列三个问题：
①用好过渡句，引出自己观点或是指出某一现象、变化、趋势等；
②例证、论证自己的观点或是分析产生这一现象的原因、变化、或趋势；
③结论部分要注意前后呼应：论证或是分析之后，要进一步概括归纳自己的观点，升华主题，并注意首尾呼应。
例：请阅读下面图画和文字，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。
【写作内容】
1.上面图文信息中的Matti的情况实际上反映了一种社会现象，请以约30词阐述这种现象的主要内容；
2.你认为人们该以什么样的态度来对待这种社会现象？是将它当做一种社会问题加以干涉，还是当做一种正常现象给予理解？请给出理由论证你的观点(至少三点)。
【写作要求】
1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3.不必写标题。
【评分标准】
内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。
Matti wants to take a bus, but she doesn’t want to sit next to others.
Matti wants to leave her apartment, but her neighbor is in the hallway.
Matti wants take a free sample, but she doesn’t want to chat with the salesperson.
Matti is sharing an elevator with
a strange, but she keeps a distance.
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