Module 5 Great People and Great Inventions of Ancient China
Section Ⅱ Integrating Skills & Cultural Corner
Ⅰ.七选五
(2018·山东济宁兖州实验高级中学高二上学期期中)
Johannes Gutenberg—the
Pioneer of the Printing Press
Johannes Gutenberg was chosen to be the most important figure of the past millennium (千年) by the media (媒体)．You may not be familiar with him._1_ Gutenberg is praised for having invented the printing press and therefore preparing the way for printing books.
He was born into a wealthy family in the city of Mainz，Germany.His early training was in goldsmithing.In 1428，he moved to Strasbourg and lived there for almost 20 years._2_ Gutenberg used his skills in metalwork for the mass (大批量) production of books._3_ That means that each copy of the Catholic Bible (圣经) and all of its 73 books were painstakingly handwritten by men.Gutenberg fashioned a font (字体) of over 300 characters，far larger than the fonts of today.To make this possible，he invented a variable?width mold (模具) and perfected the mixture of materials used by type factories up to the present century.
_4_ Between 1450 and 1455，while preparing to produce a large Latin Bible，Gutenberg is thought to have printed a number of smaller books，a calendar，and a papal Letter of Indulgence.The Bible of 42 Lines，the oldest surviving printed book in the Western world，was completed by August 15,1456.
The invention of the modern printing press changed the way information was delivered._5_ Even today in the computer age，we rely heavily on the printed words or text for instruction，information，and for the pleasure of reading literature.
A．Gutenberg made the world a much richer place.
B．But he has certainly influenced your life in some ways.
C．Gutenberg's idea was one of the greatest ideas of all mankind.
D．By 1450，Gutenberg was back in Mainz at work on a printing press.
E．In fact，this invention contributed a lot to educating the masses (大众) worldwide.
F．Before the spread of Gutenberg's idea，books were primarily handwritten.
G．It was in Strasbourg that he probably did his first experiment with moveable type and printing.
【语篇解读】 本文介绍了印刷机的发明者——约翰内斯·古登堡。他被媒体选为过去一千年里最重要的人物。
1．解析：选B 空前句意：你可能并不熟悉他。空后句意：Gutenberg因为发明了印刷机并且因此为印刷书籍做好了准备而得到赞扬。可知这里用B项“But he has certainly influenced your life in some ways.(但是他肯定在一些方面影响了你的生活。)”起到过渡的作用。故选B。
2．解析：选G 空前句意：1428年，他搬到Strasbourg，在那里他生活了将近20年。可知G项“It was in Strasbourg that he probably did his first experiment with moveable type and printing.”符合语境。故选G。
3．解析：选F 空前句意：Gutenberg将他的技能应用在金属制品的加工上来进行书籍的大批量生产。空后句意：那就意味着每册天主教圣经以及它所有的73本书都是人们精心手写的。可知F项(在Gutenberg的方法传播之前，书籍主要是手写的。)符合上下文语境。故选F。
4．解析：选D 由空后的“Between 1450 and 1455”可知，这里用D项(到1450年，Gutenberg已回到Mainz致力于印刷机的制造。)时间衔接自然，符合语境。故选D。
5．解析：选E 空前句意：现代印刷机的发明改变了信息的传递方式。可知这里用E项(实际上，这项发明也对全世界的大众教育作出了很大贡献。)衔接上句，进一步说明了这项发明的重要影响，符合上下文语境。故选E。
Ⅱ.完形填空
The invention of paper greatly contributed (促成) to the spread and development of civilization._1_ its invention，bones，tortoise shells，and bamboo slips were all used as writing surfaces，but as Chinese civilization developed，they proved themselves _2_ because of their bulk (体积) and _3_. Hemp fiber and silk were used to make paper but the quality was far from satisfactory._4_，these two materials could be better used for other _5_ so it was not practical to make paper from them.
Xue fu wu che is a Chinese idiom describing a(n) _6_ man.The story behind it _7_ a scholar named Hui Shi who lived during the Warring States Period.He _8_ five carts to carry his books when he traveled around teaching._9_ at that time were made of wood or bamboo slips so they were heavy and occupied a lot of space._10_ at the time needed not only brainwork but also physical _11_.
In 105 A．D.，Cai Lun，a man during the Eastern Han Dynasty，invented paper from worn fishnet，bark and cloth.These raw materials could be _12_ found at a much lower cost so large quantities of paper could be _13_.The making technique was exported to Korea in 384 A．D.. A Korean monk then _14_ this skill with him to Japan in 610 A．D..
During a war between the Tang Dynasty and the Arab Empire，the Arabs _15_ some Tang soldiers and papermaking workers.Thus，a paper factory was _16_ by the Arabs.In the 11th century the skill was carried to India when Chinese monks journeyed there _17_ Buddhist sutras.
Through the Arabs，Africans and Europeans then _18_ the skill.The first paper factory in _19_ was set up in Spain.In the latter half of the 16th century，this _20_ was brought to America.By the 19th century，when paper factories were set up in Australia，papermaking had spread to the whole world.
【语篇解读】 造纸术对全世界产生了巨大而深远的影响。纸的发明大大促进了文明的传播与发展。文中讲述了纸的发明以及它的传播情况。
1．A.Since B．After
C．Before D．Except
解析：选C 根据常识可知，在纸发明之前人们在骨头、龟甲和竹简上写字。
2．A.unsuitable B．unfortunate
C．useless D．valuable
解析：选A 根据语境并结合选项可知，此处指随着中华文明的发展，在骨头、龟甲和竹简上写字不适合了。
3．A.color B．weight
C．material D．shape
解析：选B 骨头、龟甲和竹简过重，所占的空间又大。weight“重量”，符合语境。下文中的“they were heavy”是信息提示。
4．A.Besides B．Therefore
C．However D．Instead
解析：选A 而且，大麻纤维和蚕丝两种材料可以更好地用作其他用途，所以用它们来造纸不实际。此处对上文内容进一步说明，故Besides“而且”符合语境。
5．A.designs B．reasons
C．purposes D．inventions
解析：选C 参见上题解析。purpose“目的，用途”。
6．A.helpful B．clever
C．learned D．influential
解析：选C 由下文内容可知，“学富五车”这个成语是描述一位有学问的人。learned“博学的，有学问的”。
7．A.respects B．concerns
C．inspires D．surprises
解析：选B 该成语背后的故事与战国时期的学者惠施有关。concern“与……有关，涉及”，符合语境。
8．A.needed B．changed
C．damaged D．pushed
解析：选A 他周游教学时，需要五辆车拉书。need“需要”，符合语境。
9．A.Clothes B．Paper
C．Carts D．Books
解析：选D 根据下文中的“made of wood or bamboo slips”可知此处应是书。上文中的“carry his books when he traveled around teaching”也是提示。
10．A.Working B．Traveling
C．Teaching D．Reading
解析：选D 根据上文内容可知，那时读书不仅需要脑力，而且也需要体力。reading“阅读，读书活动”。
11．A.power B．ability
C．strength D．energy
解析：选C 参见上题解析。strength“体力，力气”。
12．A.hardly B．easily
C．never D．usually
解析：选B 根据常识可知，旧渔网、树皮和布这些造纸材料很容易找到。easily“容易地”。
13．A.produced B．developed
C．created D．spread
解析：选A 根据上文中的“at a much lower cost”可知，人们可大量地生产纸。produce“生产，制造”。
14．A.bought B．sold
C．equipped D．took
解析：选D 在公元384年，造纸技术传到了朝鲜，随后于公元610年一位朝鲜僧侣把这种技术带到了日本。take“携带”，符合语境。
15．A.killed B．caught
C．saved D．met
解析：选B 在唐朝和阿拉伯帝国之间的一次战争中，阿拉伯人抓了一些唐朝士兵和造纸工人。catch“逮住，捕捉，捕获”，符合语境。
16．A.set up B．taken up
C．fixed up D．picked up
解析：选A 根据上文内容可知，阿拉伯人开办了造纸厂。set up“建起，设立”，符合语境。下文中的“was set up in Spain”是信息提示。
17．A.in favor of B．in search of
C．in memory of D．in honor of
解析：选B 在11世纪，造纸技术由寻找佛经的中国僧侣带到了印度。in search of “寻找”。
18．A.discovered B．stole
C．followed D．mastered
解析：选D 通过阿拉伯人，非洲人和欧洲人也掌握了这种技术。master意为“掌握”。
19．A.Asia B．Africa
C．Europe D．America
解析：选C 根据该句中的“in Spain”可知答案为C。
20．A.technique B．equipment
C．secret D．tool
解析：选A 此处指上文多处谈及的造纸技术。technique“技巧，技术”符合语境。上文中的“The making technique”也是提示。
1．far from 远非；几乎相反
2．painstakingly adv.辛苦地；需专注地
3．heavily adv.在很大程度上；大量地
4．deliver v．传送；递送
5．occupy v．占据
(共11张PPT)
Section Ⅱ Integrating Skills & Cultural Corner
基 础 巩 固
能 力 提 升
基 础 巩 固
能 力 提 升
点 击 进 入
首页
末页
骄了之路
the road to pride
让学习更快乐,人生更精彩
(共8张PPT)
Section Ⅲ Grammar
基 础 巩 固
能 力 提 升
基 础 巩 固
能 力 提 升
点 击 进 入
首页
末页
骄了之路
the road to pride
让学习更快乐,人生更精彩
(共20张PPT)
Section Ⅰ Introduction & Reading and Vocabulary
语 篇 理 解
基 础 巩 固
能 力 提 升
基 础 巩 固
语 篇 理 解
能 力 提 升
点 击 进 入
首页
末页
骄了之路
the road to pride
让学习更快乐,人生更精彩
Module 5 Great People and Great Inventions of Ancient China
Section Ⅲ Grammar
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)
While famous foreign architects are invited to lead the designs of landmark buildings in China such as the new CCTV tower and the National Center for the Performing Arts，many excellent Chinese architects are making great efforts to take the center stage.
Their efforts have been proven fruitful.Wang Shu，a 49?year?old Chinese architect，won the 2012 Pritzker Architecture Prize—which is often referred to as the Nobel Prize in architecture—on February 28.He is the first Chinese citizen to win this award.
Wang serves as head of the Architecture Department at the China Academy of Art (CAA)．His office is located at the Xiangshan campus (校园) of the university in Hangzhou，Zhejiang Province.Many buildings on the campus are his original creations.
The style of the campus is quite different from that of most Chinese universities.Many visitors were amazed by the complex architectural space and abundant building types.The curves (曲线) of the buildings perfectly match the rise and fall of hills，forming a unique view.
Wang collected more than 7 million abandoned bricks of different ages.He asked the workers to use traditional techniques to make the bricks into walls，roofs and corridors.This creation attracted a lot of attention thanks to its mixture of modern and traditional Chinese elements (元素)．
Wang's works show a deep understanding of modern architecture and a good knowledge of traditions.Through such a balance，he had created a new type of Chinese architecture，said Tadao Ando，the winner of the 1995 Pritzker Prize.
Wang believes traditions should not be sealed in glass boxes at museums.“That is only evidence that traditions once existed，” he said.
“Many Chinese people have a misunderstanding of traditions.They think tradition means old things from the past.In fact，tradition also refers to the things that have been developing and that are still being created，” he said.
“Today，many Chinese people are learning Western styles and theories rather than focusing on Chinese traditions.Many people tend to talk about traditions without knowing what they really are，” said Wang.
The study of traditions should be combined with practice.Otherwise，the recreation of traditions would be artificial and empty，he said.
【语篇解读】 文章主要讲述了49岁的中国建筑师王澍于2012年获得被称为“建筑学界的诺贝尔奖”的普利兹克建筑奖这一全球建筑领域的最高荣誉奖项，这也是中国建筑师首次获得这一奖项。他在作品中将现代的与传统的中国元素相融合，让世界更了解中国，也让中国得到了世界的认可。
1．Wang's winning of the prize means that Chinese architects are ________.
A．following the latest world trend
B．getting international recognition
C．working harder than ever before
D．relying on foreign architects
解析：选B 推理判断题。文章第一段提到，虽然中国的很多地标性建筑，像新的中央电视台大楼和国家表演艺术中心等的设计都是出自著名的外国建筑师之手，但是许多优秀的中国建筑师也在努力站上这一舞台的中心。再由第二段第一句“Their efforts have been proven fruitful.”可知，国内建筑师的努力已硕果累累。又结合接下来文章对建筑师王澍首次问鼎普利兹克建筑奖的介绍可知，王澍荣获这一殊荣意味着中国的建筑师们也正在得到国际的认可。故选B。
2．What impressed visitors to the CAA Xiangshan campus most?
A．Its hilly environment. B．Its large size.
C．Its unique style. D．Its diverse functions.
解析：选C 细节理解题。文章第三段介绍了王澍的办公室位于中国美术学院的杭州象山校区。根据第四段第一句“The style of the campus is quite different from that of most Chinese universities.”可知，该校区的建筑风格很大程度上有别于中国大多数大学的校园。同时，第四段第二、三句都围绕这一校区的独特风格(unique style)展开具体描述。故选C。
3．What made Wang's architectural design a success?
A．The mixture of different shapes.
B．The balance of East and West.
C．The use of popular techniques.
D．The harmony of old and new.
解析：选D 推理判断题。文章第六段主要描述了王澍的作品体现了对现代建筑和传统的深刻理解以及1995年普利兹克建筑奖获得者对王澍作品的评价——通过平衡现代和传统，王澍创造了一种新型的中国建筑。由此及第五段最后一句可推断出，王澍成功的关键在于他的风格，即融合传统与现代并达成二者的和谐。故选D。
4．What should we do about Chinese traditions according to Wang?
A．Spread them to the world.
B．Preserve them at museums.
C．Teach them in universities.
D．Recreate them in practice.
解析：选D 细节理解题。文章第八段至第十段主要描述了王澍的设计见解。第八段中提到很多人误认为传统就是过去的旧事物，但事实上，那些发展中的以及正被创造的事物也可以被称为传统。第十段中提到王澍认为人们应在实践中去研究传统，否则传统的再创造就会变得虚假和空洞。故选D。
B
A British friend told me he couldn't understand why Chinese people love eating sunflower seeds (葵花子) as a snack so much.“I've met a lot of older Chinese and many have a crack in their front teeth；I believe that's from cracking the seeds，” he said.
I had never noticed the habit，but once he mentioned it，I suddenly became more aware.I realized that whenever I'm watching TV or typing a report，I always start mindlessly cracking sunflower seeds.My friend doesn't like sunflower seeds，and，to him，it seems unnecessary to work so hard just to get one small seed.
When we were young，the whole family would usually get together for Chinese New Year.Then，we all lived close to one another，usually in a small city，and sometimes even neighbors would go door?to?door on Chinese New Year's Eve to check out what every household was making.
I remember my parents would be in the kitchen cooking.Out in the living room, a large table would already be laid out，complete with a fancy tablecloth，ready?made dumping fillings，dishes full of candy，fruits and sunflower seeds.
Some of the dishes were to be offered to our ancestors later，while others were for neighbors and children to eat before the evening feast.I must have learned how to crack sunflower seeds back then.
I don't think it's right to criticize one's choice in food or eating habits，no matter how strange they may seem.
It's not only in China.When I went abroad，I found people had all sorts of strange habits when it came to food.In Denmark，they put salted red fish on bread and eat it for dinner，no matter how much it ruins their breath.They think it's a delicacy，and it's connected with their culture.I think it's a wonderful tradition.
【语篇解读】 直到作者的英国朋友提到中国人都爱嗑瓜子，作者才意识到自己也是如此。作者把这个习惯归结于中国春节文化，就像丹麦人吃面包喜欢加咸红鱼，每一个饮食习惯都与自己的文化有关。
5．What did the writer become aware of?
A．She had ever typed a report about seeds.
B．She ate various snacks while watching TV.
C．She has a habit of cracking sunflower seeds.
D．She damaged her teeth by eating sunflower seeds.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“I had never noticed the habit...start mindlessly cracking sunflower seeds.”可知，作者意识到自己有嗑瓜子的习惯，故选C。
6．What does the writer prove by mentioning Chinese New Year?
A．The traditions of celebrating it disappear.
B．Children can eat delicious food on that day.
C．The families would get together for it.
D．Eating sunflower seeds is related to it.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据第四、第五段内容可知，新年的时候会有很多美食，一些是供给祖先的，还有一些是给邻居和小孩在晚宴前吃的，其中含有瓜子，作者因此学会了嗑瓜子，可见作者嗑瓜子和春节有关，故选D。
7．The writer's attitude to Denmark's way of eating bread is ________.
A．acceptable B．critical
C．neutral D．doubtful
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“I think it's a wonderful tradition.”可知，作者认为丹麦人吃面包的方式是一个美妙的传统，可见作者接受这种吃法，故选A。
8．What lesson can we learn from the story?
A．One kind of food doesn't necessarily suit everyone.
B．Eating habits come from a certain culture.
C．It is good to form healthy eating habits.
D．Changing your eating habits will change your life.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“They think it's a delicacy，and it's connected with their culture.”可知，丹麦人认为这样吃面包是美味的，这和他们的文化有关，正如作者喜欢嗑瓜子和春节文化有关，每一种饮食习惯都与自己的文化有关，故选B。
Ⅱ.短文改错
Have you ever met a person from Shanghai which tries talking to someone from Guangzhou？It is quite likely that both of them may feel puzzling.The Chinese language，as whole，uses the same set of characters，and even the same characters can have different pronunciations.So it was difficult for people to understand each other.Luckily，the widespread use of Putonghua in China have made a great contribution to people's communication，though people from different areas tend to speak with various accent.
People in Northern Europe are much more luckier.Although people there have their official languages，this is convenient for them to communicate with each other.That is because their languages are quite similar，though with small distinctions.Thus，they find it easy to communicate with their mother tongues.
答案：
Have you ever met a person from Shanghai tries talking to someone from Guangzhou？It is quite likely that both of them may feel .The Chinese language，as whole，uses the same set of characters， even the same characters can have different pronunciations.So it difficult for people to understand each other.Luckily，the widespread use of Putonghua in China made a great contribution to people's communication，though people from different areas tend to speak with various .
People in Northern Europe are much 或 .Although people there have their official languages， is convenient for them to communicate with each other.That is because their languages are quite similar，though with small distinctions.Thus，they find it easy to communicate their mother tongues.
1．architect n．设计师
2．fruitful adj.果实累累的；肥沃的；效果
好的
3．original adj.最初的
4．seal v．封锁
5．lay out 铺开；摆开；展开
Out in the living room, a large table would already be laid out，complete with a fancy tablecloth，ready?made dumping fillings，dishes full of candy，fruits and sunflower seeds.
[分析] out in the living room作地点状语，a large table...out是句子的主干，后面的形容词短语complete with...作状语。
[翻译] 外面的客厅，一张大桌子已经摆好，还包括一块好看的桌布，准备好的饺子，几盘子糖果、水果和瓜子。
(共22张PPT)
Section Ⅳ 单元知识巩固
重 点 短 语
重 点 单 词
话 题 写 作
重 点 句 型
重 点 单 词
重 点 短 语
重 点 句 型
话 题 写 作
首页
末页
骄了之路
the road to pride
让学习更快乐,人生更精彩
Module 5 Great People and Great Inventions of Ancient China
Section Ⅰ Introduction & Reading and Vocabulary
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Helen Thomas，the pioneering White House reporter known for putting presidents on the hot seat，died at 92.
To those who regularly watch presidential press conferences，Helen Thomas is a familiar figure.Usually dressed in red and always seated in the front row，she was always the first or second reporter the president called upon.It was an honour she had earned.Besides，it offered her the perfect opportunity to do what she did best—challenge the president and other public officials to tell the plain truth.She said，“We reporters' priority (首要事情) is to protect the people's right to know—without fear or favour.We are the people's servants.”
Helen Thomas was born in Kentucky in 1920.All the nine Thomas children were brought up to value education，and all were expected to make something of themselves through working hard.She made up her mind while still in high school to become a reporter after writing for the student newspaper.After receiving her bachelor's degree in 1942，Thomas headed straight for Washington，D.C.in search of a newspaper job.Before long，she landed one at Washington Daily News.Her duty included fetching coffee and doughnuts for the paper's reporters and editors.The eager young woman found the atmosphere exciting and was convinced she had made the right career choice.
Her big break came when she was sent to Florida to report on the vacation of President?elect John F．Kennedy and his family.Once President Kennedy took office，Thomas changed her focus from the president's family to his policies.She began attending the daily press briefings at the White House as well as presidential press conferences.Thomas had covered almost every president since Kennedy.Over the years，Thomas found her job “thrilling and inspiring” but never boring.And she took her duty very seriously to “keep an eye on the president” and keep American people informed.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了美国著名记者海伦·托马斯。她自小勤奋好学，上高中时就立志当记者。大学毕业后，她从底层的工作做起，经过不懈努力，最终成为美国白宫的资深记者。
1．What can we learn about Helen Thomas from the text?
A．Her career took off after covering the Kennedys.
B．Her first job was to deliver doughnuts to a news agency.
C．She was born to a large family in Kentucky in 1942.
D．She decided to be a reporter while in college.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句可知，她事业的转机是从报道肯尼迪一家休假时开始的。故A项正确。
2．Paragraph 3 is written to show that Helen Thomas ________.
A．was a good decision maker for her family
B．appreciated education and hard work
C．wanted to be famous by writing reports
D．had great support from her family
解析：选B 推理判断题。第三段主要讲述了海伦·托马斯所受的教育，她想当记者的志向以及工作中的勤奋努力。故B项正确。
3．What does Helen Thomas think of her work?
A．Unbearable. B．Exciting.
C．Challenging. D．Unforgettable.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据最后一段倒数第二句可知，她认为自己的工作是“令人兴奋不已的、鼓舞人心的”。故B项正确。
4．What can be the best title for the text?
A．A Reporter Sticking to the Facts
B．A Reporter Challenging President Kennedy
C．A Reporter from an Ordinary Family
D．A Reporter for Washington Daily News
解析：选A 标题归纳题。根据第一段、第二段后半部分以及最后一段最后一句可知，海伦·托马斯是一个坚持报道事实的记者。故A项正确。
B
(2018·浙江嘉兴一中期末考试)
It may appear strange to hear that crops are making headlines.But this is no ordinary produce—these fruits and vegetables have been grown in simulated (模拟的) Martian and lunar soils!
Though the possibility of growing crops in outer space only gained widespread interest after Matt Damon grew potatoes in the movie “The Martian”，scientists have been testing the idea for many years.Fresh produce will after all be the key to setting up space colonies (殖民地)．
Among the pioneers in this effort is a team led by Wieger Wamelink，a scientist at Wageningen University & Research.In 2013，they planted fourteen varieties of plants in simulated Martian and lunar soils.Though the “Martian” plants did not bear any produce，they grew better than the “lunar” plants，most of which died shortly after being planted.Lack of vapor in the soil，according to the scientists，might have accounted for the failure.
The second experiment began in late 2015.The researchers selected the same crops，while this time they used larger containers and added grass to them.In March 2016，their efforts were rewarded with a variety of produce including the vegetable that kept “The Martian” alive：potatoes.
However，the researchers were still not sure if the produce was safe to eat.That's because the Martian and lunar soils contain heavy metals like lead and arsenic，which do not affect plants but are poisonous to humans.
After months of testing，the team finally confirmed that the produce was safe for human consumption.Some of the crops even contained lower levels of heavy metals than plants grown in the “ordinary” earth soil.
To celebrate the success，the scientists held a dinner party that centered around the crops.While there is no word on how the food tasted，it surely looks delicious.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。介绍了科学家在模拟的火星和月球的土壤中种出了农作物，且这些农作物对人类是安全的。
5．Why have scientists been trying out the idea of growing crops in outer space?
A．Because the movie “The Martian” has opened up the possibility for the idea.
B．Because soils on the Mars and the moon are similar to the earth soil.
C．Because it is of great importance to space exploration in the future.
D．Because it is a good solution to the world's growing population.
解析：选C 推理判断题。题干中的关键词为“growing crops in outer space”。根据第二段中的“Fresh produce will after all be the key to setting up space colonies (殖民地)．”可推知，正是因为农作物对未来的太空探索非常重要，所以科学家们一直在尝试种植能在太空生长的农作物。故选C。
6．Why were the researchers not sure about the safety of the produce at first?
A．Because the shape of the containers was changed.
B．Because the types of the plants were different.
C．Because the soil contains something poisonous to humans.
D．Because the temperature of the lab is too low.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的“That's because the Martian and lunar soils contain heavy metals like lead and arsenic，which do not affect plants but are poisonous to humans.”可知，这两种土壤中含有重金属是造成科学家们对农作物的安全性不确定的原因。故选C。
7．Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?
A．Wieger Wamelink—a Pioneer in Growing Space Crops
B．Space Colonies—Far from Possible
C．Food Safety—a Main Public Concern
D．“Martian” and “Lunar” Crops—Safe for Humans
解析：选D 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲了科学家们成功地在模拟的火星和月球的土壤中种出农作物，并证实这些农作物是安全、可食用的。故选D。
Ⅱ.语法填空
Edinburgh：a city of culture
Edinburgh,1.____________ (locate) in the southeast of Scotland，is the capital city of Scotland.
With its museums，shops，wonderful historic castles，and many restaurants，there are many interesting things for visitors 2.____________ (enjoy) all year round.
However，there is something more appealing in Edinburgh.Each year，the Edinburgh International Festival 3.____________ (take) place in the city.In late summer，for three weeks，the festival presents classical music，theatre，opera and dance throughout the city.Whatever your cultural 4.____________ (taste) are，you are sure to find something to enjoy.
So far，the Edinburgh International Festival 5.____________ (earn) its reputation as one of the world's 6.____________ (great) celebrations of the arts.The founders believe that the programmes should be of the highest possible artistic standard presented by 7.____________ best artists in the world，that the festival should enrich the cultural life of European people 8.____________ that it should provide a platform (平台) for the flowering of the human spirit.
The popularity of the festival led 9.____________ the birth of another festival soon—the Edinburgh Fringe Festival.Both of them have been 10.____________ (wide) popular over the past 70 years.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文中介绍了爱丁堡国际艺术节。
1．解析：考查非谓语动词。be located in是固定搭配，指“坐落于……，位于……”，此处用过去分词作定语。故填located。
答案：located
2．解析：考查非谓语动词。此处表示“有很多有趣的东西供游客全年欣赏”。此处运用了there be something for sb.to do sth.句型。故填to enjoy。
答案：to enjoy
3．解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。主语是the Edinburgh International Festival，而且此处指通常的情况，所以填takes。
答案：takes
4．解析：考查名词复数。根据空后面的“are”可知，此处应用可数名词的复数形式。故填tastes。
答案：tastes
5．解析：考查动词的时态。根据时间状语“So far”可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语the Edinburgh International Festival是单数，故填has earned。
答案：has earned
6．解析：考查形容词的最高级。根据语境可知，此处应用形容词最高级greatest表示“世界上最好的艺术庆典之一”。
答案：greatest
7．解析：考查冠词。根据后面的“best”可知，此处应填the，构成形容词的最高级。
答案：the
8．解析：考查连词。谓语动词believe后面跟了三个that引导的并列的宾语从句，第一个that可以省略，后面的that不能省略，且最后一个that前需加and。故填and。
答案：and
9．解析：考查介词。此处运用了lead to这个短语，表示“带来，导致”。故填to。
答案：to
10．解析：考查词形转换。修饰形容词popular应用副词，且此处表示抽象意义，故填widely，表示“广泛地”。
答案：widely
1．produce n．农产品 v．产生；制造
2．pioneer n．先锋；先驱
3．widespread adj.广泛流传的
4．presidential adj.总统的
5．value v．重视
6．doughnut n．炸面圈
Though the “Martian” plants did not bear any produce，they grew better than the “lunar” plants，most of which died shortly after being planted.
[分析] 这是一个复合句。Though引导的是一个让步状语从句；most of which引导的是一个非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the “lunar” plants。
[翻译] 虽然“火星”植物没有长出任何农作物，但它们比那些大部分种植后不久就死了的“月球”植物生长得好。
