Module 5 The Great Sports Personality
Section Ⅱ Integrating Skills & Cultural Corner
Ⅰ.七选五
For some people, choosing which sports to play throughout high school is hard because they have never really played an organized sport before and aren't sure what they'll enjoy most. __1__
__2__ If you're great at soccer but would rather play football because you think it's more fun, then give it a go (just make sure it's cool with mom and dad) !
Sports are meant to be fun. __3__What's the worst that can happen? If you get cut, you can always try another sport. And sports like track don't typically cut participants from the team. You can still participate even if you' re not in the team for the competition.
Some sports, like lacrosse or field hockey, require every person on the field to be working well together. __4__
Sports like tennis, track and field, swimming, gymnastics, and wrestling are all sports where individual performances are tallied(计分) into team scores. __5__ However, for the most part it's possible to win a solo event in these sports and still have your team lose or vice versa(反之亦然).
No one knows you better than you do. Maybe you enjoy the spotlight. Maybe you get annoyed by the way teammates act. Luckily, there are many individualized sports to choose from.
A．Many people are attracted to team sports.
B．Of course there are exceptions, like relays in track and swimming.
C．For others it's tough because their friends don't like to play the same sports.
D．No matter what your problem is, you have to make the decision that is best for you.
E．If there is a sport you really enjoy but you aren't sure if you can make the team, try out anyway.
F．Sure, certain people perform much better than others but superstars don't necessarily make a good team!
G．Besides swimming, try canoeing, fishing, sailing, skiing, and, if you're feeling particularly daring, surfing.
【语篇解读】 对于一些高中生来说，选择一种适合自己的体育运动是比较困难的。作者就此给出了自己的分析和意见。
1．解析：选C 与前面的“For some people”呼应，构成“for some people... ，for others...”结构。
2．解析：选D 根据“If you're great at soccer but would rather play football because you think it's more fun，then give it a go (just make sure it's cool with mom and dad)！”可知，这里想说不论你的问题是什么，你必须做对你来说最好的决定，所以选D项。
3．解析：选E 根据“What's the worst that can happen？If you get cut...”可知，这里的意思是如果真的有你喜欢的一项运动，但不确定你是否能加入这个队，无论如何要尝试一下，故E项符合语境。
4．解析：选F 根据“Some sports，like lacrosse or field hockey，require every person on the field to be working well together.”可知，每个队员都要相互配合才能取胜，单独一个超级巨星并不能组成一个好的队伍，所以选F项。
5．解析：选B 上文提到的都是个人运动，因此，下文要谈的是集体运动，B项提到短跑和游泳接力，所以选B项。
Ⅱ.完形填空
Many language learners think their pronunciation is good enough because their teacher doesn't correct them too often or because other students can __1__ them.
Pronunciation is the area which is __2__ the least attention to in language learning. Most teachers __3__ just let their students speak and stop them __4__ they say something completely wrong. Working on each student's pronunciation in class is just __5__. Also, the students who are __6__ at pronunciation may be afraid that it will embarrass their classmates if they help __7__ their mistakes.
If you believe your pronunciation is good enough to __8__ because it is good enough for your teacher and other students, you may be __9__ when you actually go to a foreign country. One of my friends was the best student in his __10__ class in Poland. When he went to America, he found Americans didn't understand __11__ of what he said.
Your pronunciation may still be quite __12__ that of a native speaker. If this is the __13__， other people will find it __14__ to understand what you're saying and will not be comfortable with you.
__15__， don't think you can communicate in a foreign language __16__ you've tested your skills on real native speakers. __17__ for native or near?native pronunciation so that people you talk to can communicate with you __18__. In order to achieve this goal, there's no __19__ that you will need to start thinking about pronunciation and __20__ time on it.
【语篇解读】 语音一直是语言教学中最不被关注的部分，作者分析了这一现象背后的原因并呼吁尽快引起重视。
1．A.mistake B．understand
C．notice D．watch
解析：选B 语境表示：很多语言学习者认为自己的发音很好，因为老师不常纠正他们或者是因为别的同学能够理解(understand)他们。
2．A.paid B．drawn
C．fixed D．called
解析：选A 语境表示：语音是语言教学中最不被关注的部分。pay attention to “注意，重视”，是固定短语，符合语境，在句中使用了被动语态。
3. A. never B．even
C．usually D．ever
解析：选C 语境表示：大部分老师通常(usually)只是让学生说英语，只有(only if)在他们说得完全错误的时候才会阻止他们。根据第一段中的“... their teacher doesn't correct them too often...”可知，大部分老师通常只让学生说英语。
4．A.if only B．only if
C．if ever D．even if
解析：选B 参见上题解析。if only “要是……就好了”；if ever “如果曾经有过”；even if “即使”，均不符合语境。
5．A.fantastic B．important
C．necessary D．impossible
解析：选D 根据常识可知，在课堂上纠正每个学生的发音是不可能的(impossible)。
6．A.good B．poor
C．kind D．strict
解析：选A 语境表示：发音好的学生会担心，如果他们帮忙指出(point out)其他同学的错误会令他们难堪。be good at “擅长”为固定短语，符合语境。
7．A.make out B．work out
C．point out D．try out
解析：选C 参见上题解析。make out “理解”；work out “解决”；try out “尝试”，均不符合语境。
8．A.travel B．pronounce
C．communicate D．exchange
解析：选C 根据常识可知，学习语言的目的是沟通，因此此处是指：如果你认为自己的发音很好，完全可以和他人进行沟通(communicate)。
9．A.happy B．embarrassed
C．disappointed D．excited
解析：选B 根据语境可知，一些学生自认为发音很好，但到了国外却不被人理解，这种情况是很尴尬的(embarrassed)。
10．A.Polish B．English
C．French D．German
解析：选B 根据下句中的America可知，作者的朋友学的是英语(English)。
11．A.none B．rest
C．lot D．half
解析：选D 语境表示：当他到了美国之后，他发现美国人连他所说的一半(half)都理解不了。
12．A.near to B．far from
C．different from D．close to
解析：选B 语境表示：你的发音或许和以它为母语的人的发音相差甚远(far from)。near to “接近”；different from “不同于”；close to “接近，靠近”，均不符合语境。
13．A.occasion B．case
C．matter D．fact
解析：选B 语境表示：如果情况(case)真是如此，其他人会发现要理解你所说的话很难(hard)，感觉和你待在一起很不舒服。if this is the case意为“如果情况是这样”，为固定表达，符合语境。
14．A.hard B．easy
C．beneficial D．convenient
解析：选A 参见上题解析。
15．A.In other words B．On the contrary
C．In conclusion D．In total
解析：选C 语境表示：总而言之(In conclusion)，在你真正地和讲母语的人验证之前，不要以为你真的能用外语进行交流了。in other words“换句话说”；on the contrary“相反”；in total “总计”，均不符合语境。
16．A.when B．if
C．until D．while
解析：选C 参见上题解析。not... until... 意为“直到……才……”，符合句意。
17．A.Aim B．Stand
C．Look D．Account
解析：选A 语境表示：要以母语或者接近母语的发音为目标，这样和你交谈的人才能顺利地(smoothly)和你交流。aim for “以……为目标”，符合语境。stand for “代表”；look for “寻找”；account for “说明……的原因”。
18．A.difficultly B．smoothly
C．truly D．practically
解析：选B 参见上题解析。difficultly“困难地”；truly “真实地”；practically “实际地”。
19．A.way B．need
C．wonder D．doubt
解析：选D 语境表示：为了实现这个目标，毫无疑问你要思考一下自己的发音，在它上面多花费(spend)一点时间了。There is no doubt that... 为固定句型，意为“毫无疑问”，符合语境。
20．A.take B．cost
C．kill D．spend
解析：选D spend... on... “花费……在……上”，为固定搭配。
1．give it a go 试一下
2．solo adj. 单个的；单独的
3．individualize v. 赋予个性
4．test v. 测验；考验
5．near?native 近似母语的
(共11张PPT)
Section Ⅱ Integrating Skills & Cultural Corner
基 础 巩 固
能 力 提 升
基 础 巩 固
能 力 提 升
点 击 进 入
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骄了之路
the road to pride
让学习更快乐,人生更精彩
(共8张PPT)
Section Ⅲ Grammar
基 础 巩 固
能 力 提 升
基 础 巩 固
能 力 提 升
点 击 进 入
首页
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骄了之路
the road to pride
让学习更快乐,人生更精彩
(共21张PPT)
Section Ⅰ Introduction & Reading and Vocabulary
语 篇 理 解
基 础 巩 固
能 力 提 升
基 础 巩 固
语 篇 理 解
能 力 提 升
点 击 进 入
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骄了之路
the road to pride
让学习更快乐,人生更精彩
Module 5 The Great Sports Personality
Section Ⅲ Grammar
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2019·安徽合肥一中月考)
The Singapore Fun Beach touch rugby tournament (锦标赛)welcomed a mixed group of teams earlier this month. From the teams that never played or knew the rules of touch rugby, to more professional teams with ex?international players, they were all there. Although they were from different places and had different rugby backgrounds, they all gathered for one purpose: to have fun!
Take the Rockin Elusive Bananas for example. They joined this tournament to relax after their exams. The Raffles JC 2 students said, “This is a great way to de?stress after our exams. It would be great to win it, but the main purpose is to have fun.” With their previous experience in touch rugby, they very nearly won it but just lost out in a close semi?final against SP Burners in the Under?20 category.
The large guys from WMBC are a different kind of team. George, the captain, said, “We are from a drinking club and are brought together by alcohol；we only play casually. The purpose today is to enjoy the beach and have a few beers.”
When asked about the tournament, Chris Dyson, Rugby Development officer and organizer of this tournament, said, “Everyone I asked about the tournament said they enjoyed it and had plenty of fun. That shows the success of this tournament. The whole office needed to be involved to organize this wonderful tournament. It was great that the office also came to participate, forming two teams in the men's and mixed category. Although it is a little disappointing that none of the teams won anything, the main purpose is to have fun; and that is exactly what this tournament is all about！”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了在新加坡举行的触式橄榄球锦标赛，虽然没有人赢得奖品，但他们都获得了这项活动的最高奖——开心享受。
1．What's the main purpose of the students' joining in the touch rugby tournament?
A．To get an experience.
B．To relax themselves and have fun.
C．To learn teamwork.
D．To win the game.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第二段第二、第三句可知，学生们参加这次锦标赛是为了放松自己，寻找快乐。故选B。
2．What's the purpose of quoting captain George's words?
A．To prove the purpose of the tournament was achieved.
B．To arouse the readers' interest.
C．To make the passage more realistic.
D．To let the readers know more.
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据文章第一段和最后一段可知，这次比赛的目的是要“玩得开心”，通过引用George的话来印证这个观点。故选A。
3．What does the underlined word “de?stress” mean in the passage?
A．Become happy. B．Be in high spirits.
C．Reduce pressure. D．Calm down.
解析：选C 词义猜测题。根据文章第二段可知，学生们参加比赛是为了在考试后放松自己。由此可以推测出，这是一个考试后减压的好方法，故de?stress应意为“减少压力，舒缓压力”，故选C。
4．What can we infer from the passage?
A．The tournament was a way to relax.
B．The tournament was very popular.
C．The touch rugby is widely enjoyed only in Singapore.
D．The touch rugby is a traditional sport in Singapore.
解析：选B 推理判断题。从文章的内容可以知道，人们来自不同的地方，玩橄榄球的背景也不同，人们聚在一起玩得很开心，由此可推知这个比赛是很受欢迎的。故选B。
B
While driving home after work, Jane Hodgson noticed a car pulled over at the side of the road and a crowd beginning to gather around someone who was lying on the ground.
Jane, who had completed a first?aid course at work, pulled over to see if she could offer any help—and it turned out to be lucky for the young injured girl that she did.
Describing the scene she came across, Jane says：“The onlookers were ashen?faced and looked lost. They were so shocked that they hadn't even thought to call for an ambulance yet.”
After speaking to the emergency services, Jane started finding out what had happened and what injuries the young girl called Jenny had. The girl had been hit by a car, landing on her head and shoulder. Her shoulder and arm were twisted (扭曲) underneath her.
“She hadn't been wearing a helmet when she got knocked down, and I thought that she should not be moved as I couldn't be sure about a spinal injury(脊椎损伤), but after looking her over and checking the circulation in her injured arm I did feel fairly confident that she had escaped relatively unhurt.
“As we were waiting for an ambulance, the amount of pain the girl was in was increasing. To distract (分散注意力) her and minimize the risk of her going into shock I kept her talking. She held my hand tightly when the pain got too much and this helped. I told her I could handle it—we laughed about that，” describes Jane.
Later, a doctor from the local hospital's ICU stopped at the scene too. The ICU doctor decided that Jenny should lie on her back, making her much more comfortable until the emergency services arrived.
Thinking back, Jane says：“For me, knowing that in a small way I helped that girl through a frightening experience is all the reward I need. I feel great to know I have made a difference and I will do it again.”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一次实施急救的经历。
5．We can learn from the text that Jane Hodgson ________.
A．has learned some first aid
B．is a first?aid trainer
C．works in a local hospital
D．is an ICU doctor
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Jane，who had completed a first?aid course at work”可知，Jane Hodgson学了一些急救知识。 故选A。
6．When waiting for an ambulance, ________.
A．Jenny refused to talk
B．Jenny went into shock
C．Jane kept giving Jenny confidence
D．Jane was a little impatient
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据第六段中的“To distract(分散注意力)her and minimize the risk of her going into shock I kept her talking... I told her I could handle it—we laughed about that”可推知，在等救护车的期间，Jane一直在跟Jenny谈话，以给她信心。故选C。
7．Which of the following can best describe Jane Hondgson?
A．Tough and generous.
B．Warm?hearted and helpful.
C．Proud but determined.
D．Strict but caring.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据文章的描述，可以看出Jane是个很热心、乐于助人的人。故选B。
8．What's the main idea of this passage?
A．It is an experience about performing first aid.
B．It is about the importance of first aid.
C．It is a story between two strangers.
D．It is about how to perform first aid.
解析：选A 主旨大意题。纵观全文可知，本文主要讲述了一次实施急救的经历。故选A。
Ⅱ.短文改错
(2019·成都外国语学校高二月考)
Last summer holiday my uncle came to visit us. At the first day of his visit, we went out with one of my father's friend for lunch at an outdoor café. We walked along that afternoon, chat freely and had good time together. The next day my uncle pulled out his childhood pictures and told quite a few specially stories about his childhood. Although we didn't spend much time have fun together, but I never felt closer to him at that moment. He was exciting to talk with me and gave me a gift. I opened the gift carefully in the evening, that was his precious dairy. He passed them to me and encouraged me to value the past.
答案：
Last summer holiday my uncle came to visit us. eq \f(,)the first day of his visit, we went out with one of my father's eq \f(,) for lunch at an outdoor café. We walked along that afternoon, eq \f(,)freely and had eq \o(,\s\up12(∧)) good time together. The next day my uncle pulled out his childhood pictures and told quite a few eq \f(,) stories about his childhood. Although we didn't spend much time eq \f(,) fun together, I never felt closer to him at that moment. He was eq \f(,) to talk with me and gave me a gift. I opened the gift carefully in the evening, eq \f(,)was his precious dairy. He passed eq \f(,) to me and encouraged me to value the past.
1．gather v. 聚集
2．semi-final n. 半决赛
3．pull over 靠边停车
4．turn out to be 结果是
5．circulation n. 血液循环
It was great that the office also came to participate， forming two teams in the men's and mixed category.
[分析] 这是一个复合句。句中代词It作形式主语。“that the office also came to participate， forming two teams in the men's and mixed category”为真正的主语。动词?ing形式短语“forming two teams in the men's and mixed category”作结果状语。
[翻译] 办公室的工作人员也来参与了，他们组成两队：男子队和混合队，这是很棒的。
(共21张PPT)
Section Ⅳ 单元知识巩固
重 点 短 语
重 点 单 词
话 题 写 作
重 点 句 型
重 点 单 词
重 点 短 语
重 点 句 型
话 题 写 作
首页
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骄了之路
the road to pride
让学习更快乐,人生更精彩
Module 5 The Great Sports Personality
Section Ⅰ Introduction & Reading and Vocabulary
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
In modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition. Some hold an optimistic attitude. They value it highly, believing that it is a natural outcome of social progress and prosperity(繁荣)and that anyone who wants to be outstanding has to keep up with the pace. Others think otherwise. They say that competition is bad, that it sets one person against another and that it leads to the unfriendly relationship among people.
I have taught many children who hold the belief that their self?worth depends on how well they perform at tennis and other skills. For them, playing well and winning are often life?and?death affairs. In their single?minded pursuit (追求)of success, the development of many other human qualities is sadly forgotten.
However, while some seem to be lost in the desire to succeed, others have an opposite opinion. In a culture which values only the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players, they strongly blame competition. Among the most vocal are youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents or society. They have no choice. Teaching these young people, I often observe in them a desire to fail. They seem to seek failure by not trying to win or achieve success. By not trying, they always have an excuse：“I may have lost but it doesn't matter because I really didn't try.” What is not usually admitted by themselves is the belief that if they really try and lose, that will mean a lot. Such a loss would be a measure of their worth. Clearly, this belief is the same as that of the true competitors who try to prove themselves. Both are based on the mistaken belief that one's self?respect relies on how well one performs compared with others. Both are afraid of not being valued. Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to dissolve (消除) can we discover a new meaning of competition.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文，阐述了不同的人对比赛的不同观点，在结尾作者也给出了自己的看法。
1．What does this passage mainly talk about?
A．Competition helps to set up self?respect.
B．Opinions about competition are different among people.
C．Competition is harmful to personal quality development.
D．Failure is a necessary experience in competition.
解析：选B 主旨大意题。从第一段可知，对于比赛的看法因人而异。第一段可视为主题段，以下的段落是对主题展开的阐述。所以本文主要阐述了人们对比赛的不同观点。
2．The underlined phrase “the most vocal” in Paragraph 3 means ________.
A．those who try their best to win
B．those who value competition most highly
C．those who are against competition most strongly
D．those who rely on others most for success
解析：选C 词义猜测题。根据画线短语后的“who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents or society”可知，这些年轻人遭受了来自他们父母或社会的竞争压力，他们应是“最强烈反对比赛的人”，故选C。前文中的“strongly blame competition”也是提示。
3．What is the similar belief of the true competitors and those with a desire to fail?
A．One's worth lies in his performance compared with others.
B．One's success in competition needs great efforts.
C．One's achievement is determined by his particular skills.
D．One's success is based on how hard he has tried.
解析：选A 细节理解题。从最后一段倒数第二、三句可知，与其他的人相比，应付比赛的人与真正想参赛的人的观念相似，都把自尊依赖于比赛的表现上，故选A。
4．Which point of view may the author agree with?
A．Every effort should be paid back.
B．Competition should be encouraged.
C．Winning should be a life?and?death matter.
D．Fear of failure should be removed in competition.
解析：选D 推理判断题。从文章的最后一句“只有当这种基本的、经常使人困扰的惧怕开始消除时，我们才能发现比赛的新含义”可推断：在比赛中应消除对失败的恐惧。故选D。
B
The CEO at one of the world's top finance companies, PIMCO, quit his job in March to make up for the lost time with his 10?year?old daughter.
Months earlier, Mohamed A. El?Erian was trying to get his daughter to brush her teeth when she gave him a list of 22 milestones he had missed in her life because he had been too occupied with his work. The milestones included her first day of school, parent?teacher conferences, a Halloween parade, and her first soccer match of the season.
El?Erian was making about 100 million dollars a year at his position at PIMCO. However, along with a large salary came a lot of responsibilities and he didn't realize that he had begun to put his work responsibilities above his fatherly ones.
“My work?life balance had gotten out of whack, and the imbalance was hurting my very special relationship with my daughter. I was not making nearly enough time for her, ” El-Erian wrote in a column for Worth last week.
He now takes turns with his wife to wake up their daughter every morning, prepare her breakfast and drive her to school. He is also around much more often to pick her up after school and take her to activities.
He has also admitted that he is extremely lucky to be able to choose to cut back on his work to spend more time with his daughter because many working parents can't afford to do the same.
“I'm the first to recognize that I am incredibly fortunate to be able to structure my life in this way. And I'm so grateful that this provides me with greater opportunity to experience key moments in my daughter's life before they're all too quickly gone.” El-Erian now has a new role in a financial services company that requires much less travel and takes up 50 percent of his time and he loves it.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。Mohamed A. El-Erian工作太忙，无暇顾及自己的女儿，因此他辞掉工作，想弥补自己对女儿的亏欠。
5．El-Erian resigned from PIMCO mainly because ________.
A．his daughter had been missing him much
B．he couldn't spend more time doing housework
C．he wanted to get his daughter to brush her teeth
D．he wanted to spend more time with his daughter
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“quit his job in March to make up for the lost time with his 10?year?old daughter”可知，El?Erian工作太忙，无暇顾及自己的女儿，因此他辞掉工作，想弥补自己对女儿的亏欠。所以选D项。
6．According to Paragraph 2, we can know that El?Erian ________.
A．prefers working hard to taking care of his daughter
B．hasn't realized that his daughter is an excellent student
C．was so busy that he missed the milestones in his daughter's life
D．ignored his responsibility of having his daughter live a rich life
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第二段的内容可知，El?Erian太忙了，错过了女儿生命中的许多重要时刻。所以选C项。
7．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A．It's never too late to help children grow up healthily.
B．Parents' love cannot be taken the place of by money or gold.
C．Many working parents can balance their work and family life well.
D．Key moments in children's life have an effect on their parents.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据文章内容可知，很多父母因为工作太忙，无暇顾及自己的孩子，但是任何东西都无法代替父母的爱。所以选B项。
8．What do we know about El-Erian's life now?
A．He has established a financial services company on his own.
B．He has been managing to take his responsibilities as a father.
C．He spends most of his time in staying with his daughter.
D．He has become busier working in a financial services company.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据最后三段的内容可知，El?Erian现在一边工作，一边腾出更多的时间陪自己的女儿，尽力尽父亲的职责。所以选B项。
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2019·吉林大学附中期末考试)
As China is a country that pays great attention to good manners, the food culture is deeply rooted in its history. As a visitor or guest in 1.________ a Chinese home or restaurant, you will find that table manners are essential in our daily life!
It is really an 2.________ (admire) custom to respect others at table, the aged, teachers and guests 3.________ (include), and to take good care of children. Meanwhile, 4.________ practice of presenting the best or fine food first to the senior members of the family has been observed for countless 5.________ (generation). In ancient times the common people 6.________ (lead) a needy life but they still tried their best to support the elder mother and father who took it for granted.
Although the hosts in China are all friendly, you should also show them respect. Before 7.________ (start) to eat dinner, the host may offer some words of greeting. Guests should not start to eat until the host says “Everybody, please enjoy 8.________ (you)” or something like that, otherwise it suggests disrespect and causes displeasure.
When hosts place dishes on the table, they will arrange the main courses at the center with the side dishes evenly placed around them. When the main dishes 9.________(prepare)in a decorative form either by cutting or other means, they will be placed facing major guests and elder people at the table, 10.________ also represents virtue.
【语篇解读】 本文介绍了中国的餐桌礼仪。
1．解析：考查连词。either... or... “要么……要么……”，为固定用法。此处表示无论是在中国人的家中还是在中国的饭店里，你都会发现餐桌礼仪在我们的生活中是必不可少的。
答案：either
2．解析：考查词性转换。根据空前的an和空后的名词custom可知，空处应填形容词。an admirable custom“一种令人敬佩的风俗”。
答案：admirable
3．解析：考查非谓语动词。此处指在餐桌上尊重老人、老师和客人以及照顾孩子是一种令人钦佩的风俗。分析句子结构可知，此处为独立主格结构，且“the aged，teachers，and guests”与include为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用动词?ed形式，故填included。
答案：included
4．解析：考查定冠词的用法。由of短语看出此处表示特指，特指无数代人都遵守把最好的或优质的食物先给老年人的这种做法。
答案：the
5．解析：考查名词复数。由空前的countless可知空处应用名词的复数形式，故填generations。
答案：generations
6．解析：考查时态。由时间状语In ancient times可知应该用一般过去时，故填led。
答案：led
7．解析：考查非谓语动词。before为介词，其后应用动词-ing形式，故填starting。
答案：starting
8．解析：考查反身代词的用法。 enjoy yourself “过得愉快”。故填yourself。
答案：yourself
9．解析：考查时态和语态。the main dishes与动词prepare之间为逻辑上的被动关系且叙述的是一般的情况，故用一般现在时的被动语态。
答案：are prepared
10．解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰主句的内容，故填which。
答案：which
1．optimistic adj. 乐观的；积极的
2．value v. 重视
3．balance n. 平衡；兼顾
4．take turns to do sth. 轮流做某事
5．cut back on 减低
1.They value it highly， believing that it is a natural outcome of social progress and prosperity?繁荣?and that anyone who wants to be outstanding has to keep up with the pace.
[分析] 本句中believing ... the pace为动词?ing形式短语作伴随状语。这个状语中含有两个宾语从句，第一个宾语从句是that it is... prosperity；第二个宾语从句是“that anyone who... the pace” 。第二个宾语从句中含有一个定语从句“who wants to be outstanding”，修饰该宾语从句的主语anyone。
[翻译] 他们十分看重比赛，认为比赛是社会进步和繁荣的自然产物，任何想脱颖而出的人得跟上?社会进步的?脚步。
2.What is not usually admitted by themselves is the belief that if they really try and lose， that will mean a lot.
[分析] 本句中What is not usually admitted by themselves为主语从句，是主句的主语。主句的表语the belief后有一个同位语从句that if they... mean a lot。该同位语从句是个复合句，复合句的主句是that will mean a lot， if they really try and lose是复合句的条件状语从句。
[翻译] 他们自己通常不认可这样的观点：如果他们真的努力却输了，那意味着不得了了。
