Module 6 The Tang Poems
Section Ⅱ Integrating Skills & Cultural Corner
能力提升
Ⅰ.七选五
How to Pick a Great Book to Read
The world is full of great books，just waiting to be read. How can you pick one you'll really like？Here are some tips：
?What makes you happy?
__1__ Are you really into dinosaurs or dogs or a specific person？Are there a few careers you're interested in？You can find books about almost anything you like，and you're more likely to enjoy reading a book if you're already interested in its subject.
?Fact or fiction?
Some books are entirely made up and imagined. Those are called fiction books. Novels，short stories are all examples of fiction. These books can transport you to another world or help you imagine something beyond your own experience.
Non?fiction books give you the who，what，when and why.__2__ Non?fiction books can bring everything to life from the first trip to the moon to what it's like to explore the deepest oceans. Try both fiction and non?fiction books to see which you like better.
?Find a family favorite.
What was your mother's favorite book when she was your age？Or your dad's？__3__ Then you can talk about what they liked about it and share your thoughts. It's a fun way to get to know your family a little better，and to find a book you'll enjoy!
?Ask an expert.
__4__ Tell a librarian about your interests—rock stars，sports teams，historical events，whatever you're into—and the names of some books you already like. Your librarian can help you find other books that you're sure to love.
?Launch a book swap.
__5__ It's always fun to see what your friends are reading. Even if they're not exactly bookworms，you can all encourage each other to read and share books and authors you like. You also can look for book swaps in your area. It's a great way to build your personal library for free!
A．Ask them and give it a read.
B．Many of them read novels from start to finish.
C．Why not get some friends together and trade favorite books?
D．If you have a favorite hobby，look for books about that activity.
E．They tell stories using facts—but that doesn't mean they're boring.
F．Read the passage and decide for yourself whether it seems knowledgeable.
G．Your local library is a great place to find books that you'll love，and you don't have to search all by yourself.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了选择课外书的方法，如根据兴趣爱好选择、找到家庭成员的共同爱好等。
1．解析：选D 根据本段最后一句和本部分标题What makes you happy？可知，本段主要介绍的是要根据自己的兴趣爱好选择喜欢的书；空处为该段总起句，反映该段主题，故D项符合文意。
2．解析：选E 根据该部分标题Fact or fiction？可知，该部分主要介绍纪实类书籍和虚构类书籍；该部分第一段介绍了虚构类书籍；据此可以判断，第二段将介绍纪实类书籍，故E项符合文意。
3．解析：选A 根据空处前两句可知，当你的父母在你的年纪时，他们喜欢哪些书？据此可以判断，空处建议向父母询问并阅读父母喜欢的书，故A项符合文意。
4．解析：选G 根据空处后的“Tell a librarian about your interests”可知，作者建议你告诉图书馆管理员你的兴趣；据此可以判断，空处与图书馆相关，故G项符合文意。G项的“you don't have to search all by yourself”与本段的“Your librarian can help you find”相呼应。
5．解析：选C 根据空后的“It's always fun to see what your friends are reading.”和“encourage each other to read and share books and authors you like”可知，看朋友正在阅读的书是很有趣的事情，要互相鼓励去阅读和分享你们喜欢的书籍和作者；据此可以判断，C项符合文意。
Ⅱ.完形填空
When I was 13，I was diagnosed (诊断)with a kind of attention disorder. It made school __1__ for me. When everyone else in the class was __2__ tasks, I could not.
In my first __3__class, Mrs.Smith asked us to read a story and then write on it, all within forty?five minutes. I raised my hand __4__and said，“Mrs.Smith, you see，my doctor said I have __5__problems. I might not be able to do it.”
She glanced down at me through her glasses，“You are no different from your classmates, young man.”
I tried, but I even didn't finish the __6__when the bell rang. I had to __7__ it home.
In the quietness of my __8__，the story suddenly all became __9__to me. It was about a blind person, Louis Braille. He lived in a time when the blind couldn't get much __10__. But he didn't __11__.Instead, he invented a reading system of raised dots, which opened up a whole new world of __12__ to the blind.
Wasn't I the “blind” one in my class, being __13__to learn like the “sighted” students? My thoughts spilled out and my pen started to __14__. I completed the task within 40 minutes. __15__， I was no different from others; I just needed a __16__place. Why should I ever give up __17__ Braille could find his way out of his problems?
I didn't expect __18__ when I handed in my paper to Mrs.Smith, so it was quite a __19__ when it came back to me the next day—with an “A” on it. At the bottom of the paper were these words：“See what you can do when you keep __20__？”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。13岁时，“我”被诊断出患有注意力障碍症，学习对“我”来说是挑战，因为“我”总是无法集中注意力。但当“我”发现自己也能很快完成 写作任务时，“我”觉得自己和其他同学并没有什么不同。
1．A.comfortable B．challenging
C．rewarding D．affordable
解析：选B 根据前一句“When I was 13, I was diagnosed(诊断)with a kind of attention disorder.”可知，“我”在十三岁时，被诊断出患有注意力障碍症；结合该句“It made school__1__for me.”可知，这让学校生活对“我”来说很有挑战性。B项意为“有挑战性的”，故B项正确。A项意为“舒服的”；C项意为“值得做的”；D项意为“负担得起的”。
2．A.focusing on B．waiting for
C．talking about D．changing over
解析：选A 根据该段第一句“When I was 13, I was diagnosed(诊断)with a kind of attention disorder.”可推知，当班上其他同学集中注意力于任务时，“我”无法做到。A项意为“集中(注意力、精力等于)”，故A项正确。B项意为“等候”；C项意为“谈论”；D项意为“改变”。
3．A.cooking B．PE
C．drawing D．literature
解析：选D 根据该句中“Mrs.Smith asked us to read a story and then write on it”可知，史密斯太太让我们阅读一个故事并进行写作；据此可推知，这是文学课。D项意为“文学”，故D项正确。A项意为“烹饪”，B项意为“体育”，C项意为“绘画”，都与语境不符。
4．A.as expected B．now and then
C．right away D．as scheduled
解析：选C 根据上文可知，史密斯太太让我们在四十五分钟的时间里阅读一个故事并进行写作；结合语境可推知，“我”立即举手并说自己患有注意力障碍症，可能无法完成任务。C项意为“立即，马上”，故C项正确。A项意为“正如预期的”，B项意为“偶尔”，D项意为“如期”，都与语境不符。
5．A.sight B．hearing
C．attention D．taste
解析：选C 根据语境可知，“我”告诉史密斯太太“我”患有注意力障碍症。C项意为“注意”，故C项正确。
6．A.writing B．spelling
C．listening D．reading
解析：选D 根据上文第二段第一句中的“Mrs.Smith asked us to read a story”可知，史密斯太太让我们阅读一个故事；结合该句中“I even didn't finish the __6__when the bell rang”可知，当铃声响起时，“我”甚至没能完成阅读；D项意为“阅读”，故D项正确。
7．A.take B．send
C．post D．load
解析：选A 根据语境并结合常识可知，“我”不得不将作业带回家。A项意为“带走”，故A项正确。
8．A.hotel B．classroom
C．office D．bedroom
解析：选D 根据上文中的“home”并结合该句中的“quietness”可推知，在静静的卧室里，故事一下子清晰(clear)起来。D项意为“卧室”，故D项正确。
9．A.abstract B．clear
C．important D．attractive
解析：选B 参见上题解析。B项意为“清晰的”，故B项正确。A项意为“抽象的”；C项意为“重要的”；D项意为“有吸引力的”。
10．A.money B．education
C．sympathy D．donation
解析：选B 根据下文可知，Braille发明了盲文阅读系统；结合该句“He lived in a time when the blind couldn't get much__10__.”可推知，在Braille生活的时代盲人无法获得很多教育。B项意为“教育”，故B项正确。A项意为“钱”，C项意为“同情”，D项意为“捐赠”，都与文意不符。
11．A.turn up B．show off
C．give up D．go on
解析：选C 根据下文“Instead, he invented a reading system of raised dots”可知，相反，他发明了盲文阅读系统；据此可推知，尽管那时的盲人教育很欠缺，但是Braille没有放弃。C项意为“放弃”，故C项正确。A项意为“出现”；B项意为“炫耀”；D项意为“继续”。
12．A.knowledge B．music
C．light D．imagination
解析：选A 根据该句中的“he invented a reading system of raised dots”可知，Braille发明了盲文阅读系统，这为盲人开启了一个全新的知识的世界。A项意为“知识”，故A项正确。
13．A.chosen B．recommended
C．made D．caught
解析：选C 根据上文可知，“我”患有注意力障碍症，在学校学习面临挑战；结合该句可推知，在班上“我”就如“盲人”，被迫和“有视力”的同学一起学习。C项意为“使得” ，符合语境，故C项正确。
14．A.function B．change
C．rest D．dance
解析：选D 根据该句中的“My thoughts spilled out”可知，“我”文思泉涌；据此可推知，“我”的笔开始舞动起来。D项意为“舞动”，故D项正确。A项意为“起作用”，B项意为“改变”，C项意为“休息”，都与语境不符。
15．A.However B．Indeed
C．Also D．Finally
解析：选B 根据前一句“I completed the task within 40 minutes.”可知，“我”在四十分钟内完成了任务；结合该句中的“I was no different from others”可知，其实“我”和其他同学没有不同。B项意为“其实”，故B项正确。
16．A.quieter B．larger
C．busier D．farther
解析：选A 根据上文第五段第一句中的“quietness”并结合该句中的“I just needed a __16__place”可知，“我”意识到自己和其他同学没有不同，“我”只是需要一个更安静的环境，故A项正确。
17．A.so that B．though
C．as though D．if
解析：选D 根据语境可推知，如果Braille能找到解决问题的方法，“我”为什么要放弃呢？D项意为“如果”，故D项正确。A项意为“以便”，B项意为“尽管”，C项意为“好像”， 都与语境不符。
18．A.anything B．something
C．everything D．nothing
解析：选A 根据语境可知，当“我”交作业时，“我”并没有期待任何事情。A项意为“任何事物”，故A项正确。
19．A.strike B．surprise
C．change D．puzzle
解析：选B 根据该句中的“when it came back to me the next day—with an‘A’on it”并结合语境可知，交作业时，“我”并没有期待任何事，所以第二天当“我”发现上面的“A”时，“我”感到很惊讶。B项意为“令人惊奇的事”，故B项正确。
20．A.praying B．imagining
C．trying D．talking
解析：选C 根据语境可知，史密斯太太写道：“看到当你不断尝试时你能做到的事情了吗？”C项意为“尝试”，故C正确。
1．disorder n．失调
2．challenging adj.有挑战性的
3．glance v．瞥一眼
4．give up 放弃
5．open up 打开；开发；展示；揭露
6．spill out 涌出
7．at the bottom of 在……底部
Module 6 The Tang Poems
Section Ⅰ Introduction & Reading and Vocabulary
能力提升
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Tang Dynasty poets sang for about three centuries in different tones. There were many famous poets living in the Tang period，such as Li Bai，Du Fu，Bai Juyi and Li Shangyin. Poems of the Tang Dynasty edited in the Qing Dynasty is a collection of more than 48,900 poems that were written by over 2,200 poets. But it didn't cover all the poems of the Tang Dynasty.
During the Tang Dynasty，poems were recited when lovers walked under the moonlight. Poems were also recited when soldiers fought on the battlefield. People recited them in the open air or at temple fairs.
Tang Dynasty poets wrote poems to win fame and also to develop their temperament (性情)．They poured out deep feelings for their friends and criticized injustice in the world through poems.
In the Tang Dynasty scholars had to be poets. Their readers were not only people of high social position but also common people. Poets recited poems，women singers sang poems and other ranks of people，including old women and children，read Tang poems. This atmosphere affected foreigners who visited the country at that time. As a result，Tang poetry was introduced to some adjacent countries，like Japan and Vietnam.
Tang poetry is a most brilliant page in the history of ancient Chinese literature. It's a miracle (奇迹) in the cultural history of mankind. The Tang Dynasty was a powerful empire with a vast territory. It inherited (继承) Chinese civilization that went back to ancient times，was combined with the best of other cultures and adopted the benefits of other nations in the world. Tang poetry wasn't the only spiritual wealth created by the Tang Dynasty people. Philosophy and religion，handwriting and painting，and music and dance all gained new peaks of development. Tang poetry, however，was the jewel in the crown and its greatest achievement.
【语篇解读】 通过本文我们可以更深入地了解唐诗的影响力和其对世界文化的贡献。
1．We can conclude from the passage that________.
A．only people in the Tang Dynasty created poems
B．in total there were four famous poets in the Tang Dynasty
C．the Tang Dynasty probably existed for about three centuries
D．in the Tang Dynasty most common people were poets
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据第一段可推断出C项正确，故选C项。
2．Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?
A．Why the poets created poems.
B．Some other kinds of spiritual wealth in the Tang Dynasty.
C．The significance and influence of the Tang Dynasty.
D．The editors of Poems of the Tang Dynasty.
解析：选D 细节理解题。A项在第三段中提到了；B、C两项在最后一段提到了。根据第一段内容可知，文章没有具体交代Poems of the Tang Dynasty这本书是谁编写的。故选D项。
3．The underlined word “adjacent” in Paragraph 4 probably means “________ ”．
A．strong B．neighboring
C．poor D．rich
解析：选B 词义猜测题。根据句中的“like Japan and Vietnam”可推测出，adjacent“邻近的”。故选B项。
4．What's the best title for the passage?
A．The Great Tang Dynasty
B．Tang Dynasty Poetry
C．Famous Poets in the Tang Dynasty
D．The Development of the Tang Dynasty
解析：选B 标题归纳题。本文主要叙述了唐诗在当时受欢迎的程度和影响力。故选B项。
B
It is widely believed that smiling means a person is happy，and it usually occurs when they're meeting another person or a group of people. However，a new study led by the body language expert Dr. Harry Witchel shows this isn't always the case.
In his research，he asked 44 participants aged 18～35 to play a geography quiz game consisting of nine difficult questions so that they often got the answer wrong. Participants seated interacted with a computer alone in room while their faces were video recorded.
After the quiz，the participants were asked to rate their experience using a range of 12 emotions including“bored”，“interested”and“frustrated”. Meanwhile，their facial expressions were then computer analysed frame by frame in order to judge how much they were smiling based on a scale of between 0 to 1.
Dr. Witchel said：“According to some researchers，a real smile reflects the inner state of cheerfulness or amusement. However，behavioural ecology theory suggests that all smiles are tools used in social interactions，meaning cheerfulness is neither necessary nor rich for smiling. Our study showed that in these human?computer interaction experiments，smiling isn't driven by happiness；it is associated with subjective involvement (主观参与)，which acts like a social fuel for smiling，even when socialising with a computer on your own.”
Surprisingly，participants didn't tend to smile during the period when they were trying to figure out the answers. However，they did smile right after the computer game informed them if their answer was correct or wrong. Participants smiled more often when they got the answer wrong. Dr.Witchel added：“During these computerised quizzes，smiling was greatly increased just after answering questions incorrectly. This behaviour could be explained by self?ratings of involvement，rather than by ratings of happiness or frustration.”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。人们普遍认为微笑意味着一个人是快乐的，但是研究表明，微笑仅是社交的需要，并不表明这个人一定是快乐的。
5．Why did Dr. Witchel use difficult questions in the quiz game?
A．To make it hard for participants to answer them correctly.
B．To make the answer period last as long as possible.
C．To discover the most intelligent participants.
D．To create a stressful situation for participants deliberately.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“In his research，he asked 44 participants aged 18～35 to play a geography quiz game consisting of nine difficult questions so that they often got the answer wrong.”可知，他设计的问题很难是为了让参加试验的人得出错误的答案；据此可知，设计难题的目的是让参与者难以答对题目，故A项正确。
6．What can we infer from what Dr. Witchel said in Paragraph 4?
A．Other researchers' opinion of a real smile is quite right.
B．Smiles aren't necessarily useful tools in social interactions.
C．Subjective involvement doesn't motivate smiling in social interactions.
D．Witchel's study finding is consistent with behavioural ecology theory.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据第四段末句“Our study showed that in these human?computer interaction experiments，smiling isn't driven by happiness；it is associated with subjective involvement(主观参与)，which acts like a social fuel for smiling，even when socialising with a computer on your own.”可知，试验结果表明，微笑不是由快乐驱动的；它与主观参与有关；结合第四段第二句“However，behavioural ecology theory suggests that all smiles are tools used in social interactions，meaning cheerfulness is neither necessary nor rich for smiling.”可知，行为生态学理论认为，所有的微笑都是社会交往中使用的工具，这意味着快乐对微笑来说既不是必要的，也不是丰富的。据此可以推断，研究的结果与行为生态学理论一致，故D项正确。
7．What do we know about the text?
A．Participants were asked to interact with each other in the quiz.
B．Participants in the quiz smiled less often when they got the answer wrong.
C．In Dr.Witchel's opinion，smiling is connected with subjective involvement.
D．Dr. Witchel thinks that a real smile reflects the inner state of cheerfulness.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第四段末句“Our study showed that in these human?computer interaction experiments，smiling isn't driven by happiness；it is associated with subjective involvement(主观参与)，which acts like a social fuel for smiling，even when socialising with a computer on your own.”可知，Witchel 博士认为，微笑不是由快乐驱动的，它与主观参与有关，故C项正确。
8．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．What Contributes to Real Happiness?
B．How to Identify Whether a Person Is Really Happy?
C．Smiling Doesn't Necessarily Mean Happiness
D．People Generally Hold a Wrong View on Happiness
解析：选C 标题归纳题。通读全文，并结合文章第一段第二句“However，a new study led by the body language expert Dr. Harry Witchel shows this isn't always the case.”可推知，文章陈述了这样的事实：微笑仅是社交的需要，并不表明这个人一定快乐。故C项最适合作本文的标题。
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2019·安徽模拟)
Classical Chinese poetry is traditional Chinese poetry1.________ (write) in Classical Chinese and typified by certain traditional forms and close 2.________ (connect) with particular historical periods, such as the poetry of the Tang Dynasty. Its existence 3.________ (document) at least as early as the publication of the Classic of Poetry or Shijing. 4.________ (variety) combinations of forms and genres exist. Many or most of these 5.________ (arise) at the end of the Tang Dynasty.
Use and development of Classical Chinese poetry 6.________ (active) continued up to the year of 1919，7.________ the May Fourth Movement took place, and is still developed even today. Poetry created during this 2,500?year period of more?or?less continuous development shows 8.________ great deal of diversity?classified by both major historical periods and by dynastic periods.
Of the key aspects of Classical Chinese poetry, another is 9.________ (it) intense interrelationship with other forms of Chinese art, such as Chinese painting and Chinese calligraphy. Classical Chinese poetry has proven to be of strong influence 10.________ poetry worldwide.
【语篇解读】 本文为说明文。文章简单介绍了中国古诗的一些相关情况。
1．解析：考查非谓语动词。中国古诗是用古文写的传统中国诗歌。write与poetry之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。
答案：written
2．解析：考查名词。空前有形容词close“紧密的”，故空处填名词。connection在此表示“(两种事实、观念等的)联系，关联”，是可数名词，故填名词的复数形式。
答案：connections
3．解析：考查动词的时态和语态。document在此表示“记录，记载”，是及物动词，document与existence之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态，且此处表示客观事实，故用一般现在时。
答案：is documented
4．解析：考查形容词。存在多种多样的形式和种类的结合体。空处修饰名词combinations，故填形容词Various“多种多样的”。
答案：Various
5．解析：考查动词的时态。它们中的很多或者说大部分产生于唐代晚期。arise“产生，出现”，是不及物动词，根据时间状语“at the end of the Tang Dynasty”可知本句用一般过去时。
答案：arose
6．解析：考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰谓语动词continued，故用副词actively“活跃地”。
答案：actively
7．解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是“the year of 1919”，空处在从句中作时间状语，故填when。
答案：when
8．解析：考查冠词。a great deal of“大量的，许多的”，是固定搭配，修饰不可数名词，故填a。
答案：a
9．解析：考查代词。空处指代对象是“Classical Chinese poetry”，且表示“……的”，故填its。
答案：its
10．解析：考查介词。influence“影响”常与介词on/upon连用。
答案：on/upon
1．injustice n．不公正；不公平
2．adjacent adj.毗连的；邻近的
3．participant n．参与者；参加者
4．frustrated adj.懊丧的；懊恼的；沮丧的
5．self?rating n．自我评估
It is widely believed that smiling means a person is happy，and it usually occurs when they're meeting another person or a group of people.
[分析] 该句由and连接的两个分句构成，其中第一个It为形式主语，真正主语是由that引导的主语从句；“when they're meeting another...people”为when引导的时间状语从句。
[翻译] 人们普遍认为，微笑意味着一个人是快乐的，这通常发生在他们遇到另一个人或一群人的时候。
Module 6 The Tang Poems
Section Ⅲ Grammar
能力提升
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Don't have plenty of time for reading？If you are interested in non?fiction books，here are good choices for you.
A Room of One's Own
This essay by English writer Virginia Woolf is based on her several lectures given to two women's colleges at Cambridge University in 1928. In it，Woolf describes that it's circumstance not talent alone that allows men to be more successful at writing. Women，in other words，spend so much time cooking，cleaning，and tending to their children that they have no time left for art. To write well，therefore，a woman must have “a room of her own”. While on its surface，this essay appears to be only about writing，it is actually about wealth and class，freedom and imprisonment，and the power struggle between sexes.
The Art of War
Written by ancient Chinese military strategist Sun Zi，The Art of War is widely considered to be one of the best books about military strategy(军事战略) in human history. Consisting of 13 chapters，each dealing with a separate aspect about how to fight a war，the book has been translated into many languages and has thousands of editions. For centuries，it has been used to train military leaders for its detailed study of military strategy and effective leadership.
Letter to My Daughter
This book of essays and poems by Maya Angelou，a respectable American poet，is written for “the daughter she never had”—the millions of women，both young and old，who she considers to be her “family”. From the viewpoint of a caring，older relative，this book contains lessons selected from her own life experiences，including the birth of her only child，a son，as well as the development and loss of friendship.
A Brief History of Time
If you're short on time，then why not read about，well，the creation of time？This book，first published in 1998 from brilliant scientist and mathematician Stephen Hawking，explores mindbending questions about the creation of the universe，including if and when it will end，and if so，how. Despite its heavy subject matter，Hawking addresses these questions in a way that's easy to understand，even for those who know little about physics.
【语篇解读】 本文主要介绍了四本纪实类文学作品。
1．What can we learn about the four books?
A．A Brief History of Time mainly focuses on the matter of time.
B．Letter to My Daughter is actually a common family letter.
C．The Art of War gives advice on how to be military leaders.
D．A Room of One's Own is more than about writing.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“While on its surface，this essay appears to be only about writing，it is actually about wealth and class，freedom and imprisonment，and the power struggle between sexes.”可知，虽然表面上这篇文章只跟写作有关，但是实际上它是有关财富和社会等级，自由和监禁以及两性之间的权力之争的，所以D项正确。more than意思是“不仅仅”。
2．What can be inferred from the passage?
A．As a physicist，Hawking is equally famous for writing.
B．Maya devotes herself to fighting for women's rights.
C．The book by Sun Zi is helpful in policy?making.
D．Woolf looks down upon men in writing.
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The Art of War is widely considered to be one of the best books about military strategy(军事战略)”和“each dealing with a separate aspect about how to fight a war”可知，The Art of War对政策的制定有帮助。所以选项C正确。
3．What is the purpose of the passage?
A．To make comparisons between the four books.
B．To recommend the four books to readers.
C．To make comments on the four books.
D．To promote sales of the four books.
解析：选B 写作意图题。根据第一段“Don't have plenty of time for reading？If you are interested in non?fiction books，here are good choices for you.”可知，本文的写作目的是向读者介绍文中提到的四本作品。所以选项B正确。
B
Air pollution shortens human lives by more than a year, according to a new study from a team of leading environmental engineers and public health researchers. Better air quality could lead to a significant extension of lifespans(寿命) around the world.
It is the first time that data on air pollution and the lifespan has been studied together in order to check how air pollution affects overall life expectancy.
The researchers looked at outdoor air pollution from particulate matter (PM)(颗粒物) smaller than 2.5 microns. These particulates can enter deep into the lungs, and breathing PM 2.5 is associated with the increased risk of heart attacks, strokes and cancer. PM 2.5 pollution comes from power plants, cars and trucks, fires, agriculture and industrial emissions(排放物)．
Led by Joshua Apte, the team used data from the Global Burden of Disease Study to measure PM 2.5 air pollution exposure and its consequences in 185 countries.They then quantified the national impact on life expectancy for each individual country as well as on a global scale.
“The fact that air pollution is a major global killer is already well?known，” said Apte. “And we all care about how long we can live. Here, we were able to systematically identify how air pollution shortens lives around the world. What we found is that air pollution has a very large effect on survival—on average about a year globally.”
In the context of other significant phenomena negatively affecting human survival rates, Apte said this is a big number. “For example, it's considerably larger than the benefit in survival we might see if we found cures for both lung and breast cancer combined，” he said. “In countries like India and China, the benefit for elderly people of improving air quality would be especially large. For much of Asia, if air pollution were removed as a risk for death, 60?year?olds would have a 15 percent to 20 percent higher chance of living to age 85 or older.”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，良好的空气质量有益于延长寿命，但是空气污染导致细颗粒物进入人体肺部，导致心脏病、癌症、中风发病率升高，从而影响人的寿命。
4．What do we know about PM 2.5 ?
A．It has a bad effect on human health.
B．It will be controlled in the future.
C．It mainly comes from industrial emissions.
D．It spreads to the world from Asian countries.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“These particulates can enter deep into the lungs, and breathing PM 2.5 is associated with the increased risk of heart attacks, strokes and cancer.”可知，PM 2.5影响人体健康，故A项正确。
5．What did the researchers do to study how air pollution affects the lifespan?
A．They collected accurate information from all the Asian countries.
B．They employed the research data to calculate the effect.
C．They studied the disease and lifespan together time and time again.
D．They measured particulate matter much more carefully than before.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第二段“It is the first time that data on air pollution and the lifespan has been studied together in order to check how air pollution affects overall life expectancy.”可知，这是首次将空气污染和寿命数据结合起来研究，以查明空气污染如何影响总体预期寿命。故B项正确。
6．What can be inferred from the text?
A．The key to people living longer is good air quality.
B．People think air pollution is the most dangerous killer to them.
C．Apte will agree that people should take action to deal with air pollution.
D．Factories should decrease the production of cars to stop air pollution.
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据尾段的内容，尤其是“In countries like India and China, the benefit for elderly people of improving air quality would be especially large.”可知，Apte认为改善空气质量对老年人有好处；据此可推知，他会同意人们采取措施应对空气污染，故C项正确。
7．What is the best title for the text?
A．The Way Human Beings Enjoy a Longer Lifespan
B．The Importance of Getting Rid of Air Pollution
C．Asian People Are Suffering From Serious Air Pollution
D．Air Pollution Reduces the Lifespan by More Than One Year
解析：选D 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章第一段第一句“Air pollution shortens human lives by more than a year, according to a new study from a team of leading environmental engineers and public health researchers.”为全文的主题句，结合全文内容可知，文章通过介绍科学研究，说明空气污染导致人的寿命减少一年以上。故D项最适合作本文的标题。
Ⅱ.短文改错
(2019·石家庄质检)
When I was in high school, I wanted to get a scholarship to a university. I liked singing, so I try out for a scholarship for music. But I failed to get one. I was real upset. I felt like failure. I just kept feeling sorry for me. However, after a few day, I decided not to let one single loss to keep me from doing what I love. But I cheered up and devoted myself to sing again. I think that accepting failure is that we need to do first before we success eventually.
答案：
When I was in high school, I wanted to get a scholarship to a university. I liked singing, so I out for a scholarship for music. But I failed to get one. I was upset. I felt like failure. I just kept feeling sorry for . However, after a few ， I decided not to let one single loss keep me from doing what I love. I cheered up and devoted myself to again. I think that accepting failure is we need to do first before we eventually.
1．non?fiction n．纪实文学
2．imprisonment n．监禁；坐牢
3．respectable adj.体面的；得体的；值得尊敬的
4．expectancy n．期待；期望
5．quantify v．以数量表述；量化
6．systematically adv.有系统地；有组织地
7．considerably adv.非常；颇；相当地
It is the first time that data on air pollution and the lifespan has been studied together in order to check how air pollution affects overall life expectancy.
[分析] 句中“how air pollution affects overall life expectancy”为how引导的宾语从句，作及物动词check的宾语；本句使用了It is/was the first/second time that...句型，that从句用完成时态，即一般情况下主句为一般现在时，则that从句现在完成时；主句为一般过去时，则that从句用过去完成时。
[翻译] 这是首次将空气污染和寿命数据结合起来研究，以查明空气污染如何影响总体预期寿命。
(共23张PPT)
Section Ⅳ 单元知识巩固
重 点 单 词
from
in
in
of
for
of/towards/to
doing
tolerance
with
between/among
fail
to do
to
adj./n
that
It
n./adj
out
proof
approve
of
approval
disapprove
that
against
to do
with
cautious
on/upon
reflection
重 点 短 语
charge
possession
place
care
notice
advantage
for
for
to
to/with
to
correspondence
重 点 句 型
While reading
could come to attend my birthday party
话 题 写 作
首页
末页
骄了之路
the road to pride
让学习更快乐,人生更精彩
(共12张PPT)
Section Ⅱ Integrating
Skills & Cultural Corner
基 础 巩 固
能 力 提 升
基 础 巩 固
failure
tolerant
share
glance
expenses
reveal
decorated
launched
Typically
independence
with
fluent
had arrived
on
to
cautious
approval
with
reflected
walking
去掉was
failure前加a
appealed后加to
at→on
glanced后加at
能 力 提 升
点 击 进 入
首页
末页
骄了之路
the road to pride
让学习更快乐,人生更精彩
(共9张PPT)
Section Ⅲ Grammar
基 础 巩 固
能 力 提 升
基 础 巩 固
should
couldn't
needn't
must
can't
shall
must
would
be made
have missed
can→should/去掉can
chose→choose
can→could
mustn't→can't
去掉to
能 力 提 升
点 击 进 入
首页
末页
骄了之路
the road to pride
让学习更快乐,人生更精彩
(共20张PPT)
Section Ⅰ Introduction & Reading and Vocabulary
基 础 巩 固
能 力 提 升
语 篇 理 解
基 础 巩 固
farewell
part
dynasty
tolerant
shadow
share
acquaintance
advance
failure
suffering
irregular
mental
as far as
at one's high point
be known as
think of...as...
take hold of
at the same time
It was only in the 11th century that
not so successful as some of the other young men
while trying to take hold of
语 篇 理 解
能 力 提 升
点 击 进 入
首页
末页
骄了之路
the road to pride
让学习更快乐,人生更精彩
