(共22张PPT)
天台县张凌敏名师工作室
By Zhang Lingmin Junior English Top Teacher Studio
现在完成时
（Present Perfect Tense）
中考专题复习——
上课：天台县南屏学校 张 红（Emma）
指导：工作室领衔人 张凌敏（Linda）
分析浙江中考真题可知，动词的时态是必考点，现在完成时是主要考查点之一，并且该时态的考查主要集中在词汇运用和语法填空题中，考查学生在具体语境中灵活运用的能力，有一定难度。
考情分析
(绍兴：69；杭州：61；宁波：59；温州：43,50；)
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03
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学习并掌握现在完成时基本结构
学会区分现在完成时与一般过去时
学习并掌握过去分词变化规则
学习并掌握现在完成时用法
教学目标
01.现在完成时基本结构：
主语+have/has+动词的过去分词
01.现在完成时基本结构
2. 不规则动词变化需参看不规则动词表逐一熟记。参考《动词不规则变化表》
e.g. cut→cut→cut hit→hit→hit
1. 规则动词：规则动词过去分词的构成规则与规则动词过去式的构成规则相同。变化规则有四点：
02.过去分词变化规则
1. 现在完成时用来表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或后果。也就是说，动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在，强调的是对现在的影响。
03.现在完成时用法
与笼统地表示过去的时间状语连用，如already, never, ever, just, before, yet等。
03.现在完成时用法
already “已经”，用在肯定句的句中或句尾均可；
just“刚刚”，用在肯定句句中；
never“从没”，用在否定句句中；
⑤ before“以前”，用于句尾；
ever“曾经”，用在肯定句或疑问句的句中；
yet“已经”，用在疑问句的句尾；
“还”，用在否定句句尾，常以not … yet结构出现，意为“还没”；
用never, ever, already, just, yet, before填空
1. Have you ________ been to Paris?
2. I have ________ lost my wallet.
3. Since you have ________ seen the man ________，why did you believe him?
4. They haven’t arrived at the airport ________.
5. I have ________ seen him before, so I have no idea about him.
6. (2019 绍兴卷51） They have ______________created a mobile library.
ever
never
before
yet
never
already
just
03.现在完成时用法
2. 现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的、持续到现在的动作(用行为动词表示)或状态(be动词表示)，常与for(+时间段)，since(+时间点或过去时的句子)连用，但谓语动词常为stay, live, teach, learn, work, sleep, read, wait, keep等具有延续意义的动词。
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注意：for和since的用法
03.现在完成时用法
e.g. Lily is my classmate. We have known (know)
each other for 3 years.
丽丽是我的同学，我们认识三年了。
e.g. I have had (have) a fever since last night.
我从昨晚以来一直发烧。
e.g. I has lived (live) here since ten years ago.
十年前，我就住这儿了。
e.g. Since we began to use the Internet
our lives have changed (change) a lot.
自从我们开始使用因特网，
我们的生活改变了很多。
e.g. It is two hours since he left the classroom.
他离开教室已经2小时来了。
与表示一段时间的状语连用，如＂for+时间段＂，＂since+时间点＂。
选用for和since填空:
1. ________ two years 2. ________ two years ago 3. ________ several months
4. ________ 1999 5. ________ yesterday 6. ________ 4 o’clock
1. (2019 温州卷43) Adam has been working in the hospital _________ he left school.
2.His father has been in the Party ______ 10 years ago.
3.The film has been on ______ 20 minutes.
4.Mr. Green has worked here ______ he came to China.
5.His grandpa has been dead ______ several years.
since
since
for
since
for
for
since
for
since
since
since
03.现在完成时用法
2）转换成be + 名词的有：
join the army → be a soldier / be a member of the army
join the Party → be a Party member / be a member of the Party
go to school → be a student
e. g. He has been a soldier for 5 years.
他当兵5年了。
03.现在完成时用法
4）转换成be + 介词短语
go to school → be in school join the army → be in the army
e. g. He has been in school for 9 years.
他在这学校呆了9年了。
5）通过去掉短语中的结束性动词
get to know → know begin to study → study come to work → work
e. g. We have known each other for 10 years.
我们都认识10年了。
have/has been to + 某地 → 去过某地（已不在去过的地方）
have/has gone to + 某地 → 去了某地（现在不在说话现场）
have/has been in + 某地 → 在某地呆了多久（还在所说的地方）
e.g. 1. —Where is your father? —He has gone to Shanghai.
——你爸爸去哪了？——他去上海了。（现在不在说话的地方）
2. My father has been to Shanghai.
我爸爸曾经去过上海。（已不在去过的地方）
3. My father has been in Shanghai for two months. /since two months ago.
我爸爸在上海待了两个月。（还在所说的地方）
03.现在完成时用法
注意：常见结构的辨析
注意：如遇到地点副词，则介词to和in 要省去。
用have/has gone to, have/has been to, have/has been in填空：
1. Bill _________________ London , he will come back soon.
2. ---Where are the twins? ---They _____________________ the cinema.
3.I _________________Paris twice,but he _______never _______ there.
4.---________ you ever______________ America? No, never.
has gone to
have gone to
have been to
been to
has
been
Have
与表示包含过去和现在的一整段时间的状语连用，如lately, recently, in the past few years, these few years, these days, up to now, so far等。
03.现在完成时的用法
注意：现在完成时不能与单纯表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last week, in 2002, three days ago等
侧重点不同
现在完成时和一般过去时所表示的动作都发生在过去，但它们所强调的重点不同：现在完成时侧重于对现在的影响；而一般过去时侧重于某一动作发生在过去某个时间或某段时间，即现在完成时侧重于现在的结果，而一般过去时侧重于动作发生的时间。
04.现在完成时与一般过去时区别
时间状语不同
现在完成时常与already，yet，just，ever，never，before等副词以及“for+一段时间＂，＂since+过去时间/从句＂等时间状语连用；而一般过去时则常与＂时间段+ago＂，just now，yesterday，last week等表示过去的时间状语连用。
04.现在完成时与一般过去时区别
单项选择：
1. —I have seen the film “Titanic” already.
—When _______ you _______ it?
—The day before yesterday.
A. have; seen B. will; see C. did; see D. did; seen
2. Mr. Black _______ in China since five years ago.
A. lived B. has lived C. lives D. is going to live
3. We _______ trees last Sunday. So far we _______ over 3,000 trees there.
A. planted; planted B. planted; have planted
C. have planted; planted D. have planted; have planted
C
B
B
现在完成时基本结构：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词
过去分词变化规则：1. 规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的 构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。2. 不规则动词变化需参看不规则动词表逐一熟记。
现在完成时用法：
1. 现在完成时用来表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果。
2. 现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的、持续到现在的动作(用行为动词表示)或状态(be动词表示)，常与for(+时间段)，since(+时间点或过去时的句子)连用，谓语动词必须是延续性动词。
课堂小结
用括号里所给动词的适当形式填空：
1. (2019 杭州卷61）I’m very hungry. I hanven’t e____________ anything since 7:00 this morning.
2. (2019 绍兴卷69）Recently, Tani and his family____________________ (decide) to give away all the money.
3. (2019 温州卷50) She says she __________________ (浪费) the last few years of her running life.
4. (2019 宁波卷59)All of us have ___________ (spend) money and time on something.
5. Great changes ________________________ (take place) in those villages in the last ten years.
aten
have decided
have taken place
has wasted
课堂演练
spent
Thank you!
