高中英语人教版必修五Unit 1 Great Scientists词汇学案

一、词汇变形
Book5 Unit1 Great Scientists
词汇导学案



1. paint (v. & n.)颜料 --- painter (n.) 画家
2. science(n.)科学--- scientific (adj.) 科学的
---scientifically(adv.)---scientist (n.) 科学家
3. conclude (v.) 推断出---conclusion (n.) 结论
---conclusive adj. 结论性的
4. analyse (v.) 分 析 --- analysis (n.)
5. physician (n.) 医生
--- physical (adj.) 身体的---physically (adv.) 6.attend(v.出席，照顾)---attendance（n）出席人数---attendant (n.)服务员
7. announce(v.)通知 announcement (n.)
8. certain (adj.) uncertain(adj.)不确定的
---certainty (n.)确实
9. construct (v.) 建设 construction (n.)
10. contribute (v. )贡献 contribution (n.)
11. caution (n.) 谨慎 cautious (adj.)
二、重点单词
12. responsible (adj.)负责的
---responsibly(adv.)
----respond(v.)反应---response(n.)
--- responsibility(n.) 责任
13. instruct (v. )指导，命令--- instructive (adj. )
提供知识的；有益的--- instruction (n.)
14. move(v.)---movement (n.)运动15.bright(adj.)---brightness(n.)---brighten(v)
16. private(adj.)私人的
---privately ---privacy(n.)隐私17.enthusiastic(adj.)---enthusiasm(n.)热情18.pollute(v.)---pollution(n.)---pollutant(n.) 19.dead (adj.) 死的--- die (v.)
---death (n.) ---deadly (adj.) 致命的
20.challenge(v.) challenging(adj.)挑战的



1. conclude vt.& vi. 断定，推断；使结束，终止 n. conclusion
conclude...by doing/with... 以……结束
conclude *He concluded his speech by wishing everyone a safe trip home. conclude...from... 从…中推断
conclusion n. 结束，结尾（=end） bring …to a conclusion
结论，推论 in conclusion(=to conclude=finally) 最后 make a conclusion 下结论
arrive at/come to/draw/reach a conclusion 得出结论
(1)Let me ___ _(用一句谚语结束我的演讲)where there is a will，there is a way. (2)After waiting for half an hour，I ___ (得出结论，他不会来了)． (3) (最后)，I would like to thank you for your coming to meeting.
2. attend vt. &vi. 出席；参加；照料，护理，上学
attend a lecture /a party /a meeting / an interview

attend school

Dr. Smith attended her in hospital.

attend to 照料(tend, take care of) Nurses are busy attending to the wounded.
处理 (deal with/handle) *I have something important to attend to.
接待 (serve) Excuse me, sir. Are you being attended to?
1) *欢迎对这个话题感兴趣的任何人听这一讲座。__ _
辨析义：attend; take part in; join in
join 加入(团体、组织、群体)，成为一员 join a club 加入一个俱乐部
join in/ take part in 指参与某活动，take part in 稍微正式 Can I join in (the game)?take part in a discussion /game/celebration
attend 多指参加、出席婚礼、会议等 attend(=be present at) the meeting



2) I even ___ _the local fishing club and started ____ _the monthly meetings.(参加)
3) The number of foreign students (attend) Chinese universities has been rising.
3. expose vt. 暴露，揭露，使曝光，使面临 exposed adj.无遮掩的 exposure n.暴露，揭发使具体事物 *Being exposed to sunlight will do
暴露 harm to one’s skin.
使某人/物坏的方面 I threatened to expose him to the police.
暴露
使人暴露于险境 Nurses are exposed to many dangers.




使人暴露于某事物
（抽象）
*We want to expose the kids to as much art and culture as possible.












1) Children (expose) to multiple languages may be better natural communicators.
2) In some Middle Eastern countries, your flesh is not permitted.
3) *接触英语很多年，我英语特别好。（非谓语）
__
4. challenge vt.挑战，邀请…比赛；质疑； 考验…的能力； n 挑战；（比赛）邀请
challenge a view

*I challenged him to a game of chess.

*The job doesn’t really challenge her. take up/accept/face the challenge
1) *In the coming three years, our school life will be (challenge).
2) *面对任何挑战，我们学生要学会自信。（非谓语）_ .
5. cure n. 治愈；痊愈 vt. 治愈；治疗 curable adj. 可治愈的治愈 The doctor cured her of cancer.
纠正，消除 *Many bad habits are difficult to cure. 治愈 *Prevention is better than cure.预防胜于治疗疗法；药物 a cure for AIDS 治疗艾滋病的方法对策 a cure for rising prices 抑制物价上涨的对策
1) The doctor can't ____ her __ the cancer.医生治不好她的癌症。
2) This is ___ SARS.这是一种新的 SARS 治疗方法。
1) Basketball players wear socks and sneakers which are specially designed to absorb energy. (译)
2) The little girl ___ _(全神贯注地阅读着一篇故事)．
3) *She sat on the chair, ____ _(他坐在椅子上，专注地看书) 4)*_ _ (absorb) in painting, John didn’t notice evening coming. 6.suspect vt. 怀疑； n.嫌疑犯
suspect: vt. (believe sth. bad has happened) suspect that.../ suspect sb. of sth. doubt: vt.(feel uncertain, question) I doubt if/whether…./ I don’t doubt that… 1)I strongly suspected ___ _ he was lying to me.
2) I had (怀疑)whether or not I should attend the meeting.
3) A driver (怀疑)of drink driving should provide specimens(样本) for testing.
4) They suspected him a theft.
7.handle n. 把手，柄 v.（与手有关）处理，应付，
Handle with care.

handle the vehicle
She is a difficult horse to handle.
Some customers are hard to handle.

1) Don’t handle the vase as if it were made of steel. (译)
2) *While enjoying the conveniences of the Internet, we should learn how to handle the problems it has caused.
8. blame vt. 责备；谴责；把……归咎于 n．过失；责备 (搭配义)
v. n .
blame sb. for sth./doing sth.因为某事责备某人blame sth. on sb. 把某事归咎于某人be to blame (for)(主动表被动) 对…负有责任 take / bear/accept the blame 承担责任(=take /bear the responsibility)put / lay / place the blame (for sth) on sb把责任归咎于…
1) She ____ him ___ _ the failure of their experiment. 2)People often blame their misfortune ___ _ others.
3) He stole the money but he’s trying to put the blame me.
4) *__ (blame) for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits.
9. contribute vt.&vi.作贡献，捐献；投(稿) contributor n. 捐款人，撰稿人，起作用的因素
contribute v contribution n.
贡献钱，力， 主意为某事发生做贡献为出版社做贡献
1) *Immigrants(移民) have contributed to the British culture in many ways. (=have made a great contribution to)
2) I contributed (=made a contribution of) $100 to the church.
3) *I’d appreciate it if you could buy me an English dictionary, which will contribute to
improvement of my English study.
4) He contributes a lot of articles to the magazine.
5) This is a magazine with contributions from well-known travel writers.
6) It will contribute to ___ (create) a good environment to read books in our class.
7) Speed is a ____ _ (contribute) factor in many automobile accidents. 8)She continues to contribute ___ a sports magazine.
三、重点短语
1. put forward 提出; 推荐；把钟表拨快;将……提前
Put your watch forward; it five minutes slow. 把你的表拨快，它慢了五分钟。We have put forward our wedding by one week. 我们把婚礼提前了一个星期。put aside 节省，储蓄，储存 put up with 忍受 put on 穿上，演出put back 放回，拨回 put out 熄灭，扑灭 put off 延期，推迟put up vt. 张贴;举起;建造;提高 vi. 提供食宿
1) With the help of the firefighters, the big fire was ___ _ soon.
2) Don’t _ _ until tomorrow what can be done today.
3) He can’t ___ her any longer because of her bad temper.
4) My watch is fast；it needs by five minutes
2. apart from 除……之外；此外＝except/except for/besides take...apart 将……拆开 tell A and B apart 分辨出 A 与B
1)This essay is good __ (除了有些拼写错误)． 2) (很难区分开他们两个)
3)I often (拆卸旧玩具车)when I was a child
3. make sense 有意义，讲得通
1.make sense of 理解，明白 2.make no sense 没有道理；没有意义
3.in a sense 在某一方面；就某种意义来说 4.in no sense 决不是，决非
5.There is no sense in doing sth. 做什么没有道理/没有必要
6.a sense of humor/direction/beauty/duty 幽默感/方向感/美感/责任感
1)She doesn’t talk much，but what she says (言之有理)． 2)Can you __ (听懂他说的话)?
3) (在一定意义上)，learning the law is like learning a new language.
4) (没必要再跟他说了)．You’re wasting your breath.
四、重点句型
1. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. every time 充当连词,引导时间状语从句，意为“每当……”， 常见的有：
each time，the first/last time，next time ,the minute/the moment/ immediately/directly 1)He brings her flowers he goes to see her.(每次)
2) he did the experiment, he succeeded(.第一次) 3)*I left ___ the clock struck 5. (一…就)
2. Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense. (一)only 修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，放在句首时，句子要部分倒装，即把助动词、情态动词或系动词 be 放在主语之前。
1) Only when you accept your mother’s advice___ (你可以做好)
2) Only when the war was over his research work（他才开始）
(二) if only 要是……该多好，但愿。if only 从句可单独使用，这时要用虚拟语气：表示与过去相反的愿望用 had done ；与现在相反的愿望用 did/were ； 表示与将来相反的愿望用“would/could/might＋动词原形
3) If only I to Beijing. 我要是去了北京就好了。
4) If only he __ tomorrow. 他要是明天能来就好了。








expose
(基本义)
使暴露

n.

v.

n.

v

n.

v

cure vt.

cure n.

contribute (基本义) 贡献