人教版高中英语选修8 Unit 1 A land of diversity Reading-- Language points 课件（43张ppt）

(共43张PPT)
1. California is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population.
加州是美国的第三大州，而且是人口最多的州。
1) the third largest 第三大的
形容词最高级可以被序数词修饰，表示“第几最……”的含义。
The yellow river is the second longest river in China.
2). population un / cn. 人口
population 作主语表示整体人口时, 谓语动词用单数，但前有分数、小数或百分数(表示部分人口)时，谓语动词用复数。形容人口的多少通常用large / small.
( P1 L1)
对人口的多少进行提问时，可用_______, 如:
台山的人口是多少？
What’s the population of Taishan?
有多少人口------have a population of ….
China has a population of over 1.3 billion.
人口的增加或减少用grow (increase) 和 fall (decrease)
an increase / growth in population 人口增长
With the rapid development of urbanization, the population of the cities is growing fast.
随着城镇化的迅速发展，城市人口在快速增长。
what
城镇化
China is the_________________________________
(世界第三大国), but the population of it ____ the largest. It ______________________________ ( 有13亿多人口) and 70% of the population_____ peasants.
are
is
third largest country in the world
has a population of over 1.3 billion
练一练
2. It also has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the USA, having attracted people from all over the world. The customs and languages of the immigrants live on in their new home.
译：加州与众不同之处在于它也是美国最具多元文化的一个州，它吸引了来自世界各地的人们。这些移民的风俗习惯以及语言在他们的新家都得以延续。
(1) having attracted people from all over the world 是_________________ 形式做state的______, 其作用相当于which has attracted people from all over the world.
现在分词的完成时
定语
( P1 L1)
(2) It has the distinction of being …
意思是What it is known for is …
multi- “多、多方面、多方向”
multi-colored 多色的 multi-racial多民族的
multi-media 多媒体 multiparty多党制的
multi-purpose (多种用途) multi-purpose (多种用途)
(3) live on
①继续生活或存在(on做副词， 表状态的持续)
Picasso is dead but his paintings live on.
毕加索人已作古，但他的画作却万世流传。
She lived on for many years after her husband died.
丈夫死后她继续生活了多年。
② 以…为食；靠…为生(on 为介词，后接名词或动名词做宾语)
Most Asians live on rice. 大部分亚洲人以米饭为食。
3. diversity = variety 多样性、变化
__________ vt. 使…多样性，使…不同
_________ adj. 多样化的，多种经营的
a diversity of vegetables 多样的蔬菜
1. We should diversify the syllabus (教学大纲）to attract more students.
我们应该使教学大纲内容多样化，以吸引更多学生。
2. 台山与众不同之处在于它是中国第一侨乡和多元化的旅游城市。
Taishan has the distinction of being China’s First Hometown for Overseas Chinese and a diversified tourist city.
diversify
( P1 L3)
diversified
4. Exactly when the first people arrived in what
we now know as California, no one really knows
最早的一批人具体是在什么时候来到我们现在所知道的加州地区的，谁也说不清楚。
no one really knows 是主句, exactly when… California是knows的宾语从句。what we… California是宾语从句, 作介词in的宾语。即: No one really knows exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California.
what = the place(that/which)
① George Washington was born in ____is now the state of Virginia.
A. which B. where C. that D. what
D
( P2 L6)
1.Taishan is no longer a city ________ it used to be.


2. Taishan is no longer _____ it used to be.

A. what B. where C. that D. there
E. which
C
A
定语从句, 先行词是area, that作关系代词
表语从句
5. However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.
然而,很可能至少在15,000年以前美洲土著人就住在加州了.
It is likely / possible / probable that …
sb / sth is likely to do sth
某人/物有可能做某事
注意: likely 在此为adj., 比较级常用more / less likely, 最高级常用most / least likely。
( P2 L7)
People with Type A blood are significantly more likely to catch coronavirus than those with Type O, Chinese academics have found.
中国学者发现，A型血液的人比O型的人更容易感染冠状病毒。
辨析: likely, possible, probable
按可能性程度, probable可能性最大, 其次为 likely, 最小为possible.但需要注意的是, likely的主语可以是人也可以是物, 但possible, probable却只能用形式主语it.
likely用于 ①It is likely that……
②sb or sth is likely to do sth.
possible用于 ①It is possible (for sb) to do sth.
② It is possible that……
probable常用于 it is probable that……
She is likely to succeed. 她有可能会成功.
= It is likely that she will succeed.
6.Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times.
科学家们认为这些迁居者通过一条史前时代曾经存在的一条大陆桥穿越北极地区的白令海峡到达美洲。
a. 本句的主句是Scientists believe，从句是that引导的宾语从句。
b. 宾语从句中which引导____________，修饰先行词 _____________。
a land bridge
定语从句
( P2 L8)
means n. 方法; 手段 (单复数同形)
means 作主语时，其谓语动词要按其所表达的意思来确定用单数或复数 。
e.g. ___________________ has been tried,
but none of them worked.
所有的方法都试了，但没有一个成功的。
Every possible means
______________________________, but none can handle the problem.
所有可能的方法都考虑过了，但没有一个能解决这个问题。
All possible means are considered
【归纳】
means
by this means 用这种方法
by all means 可以, 没问题, 当然行
by means of 依靠……办法,
借助……手段
by no means / not by any means
绝不, 一点也不 （注意放在句首时主句使用部分倒装）
a means of communication
一种通讯/交流工具
【联想】
mean v. 意思是；打算
mean to do sth. 打算做某事
mean doing sth. 意味着做某事
单句语法填空和完成句子：
1) Every possible means ______________ (try), but none has worked.
2) We express our feelings by means _____ words.
我们用语言表达情感
3) Some researchers point out that daydreaming is _____ means of relaxation.
of
a
has been tried
惩罚绝不是一个能帮助他们在精神上和身体上健康成长的明智选择。
________________________________________ to help them grow up mentally and physically.
2)________________________________________ to help them grow up mentally and physically.(倒装)
Punishment is by no means a wise choice
By no means is punishment a wise choice
means 方法、手段、工具, 单复数同形, 多和
介词by 搭配。
way 方法, 普通用语。可用于任何处理事物的
方式。多于介词in搭配。
method 方法, 理论, 指合乎逻辑或系统的方法。
多和介词with 搭配。
辨 析
1） in addition ------“此外，另外” 相当于besides, what's more. (其后一般接一个句子) 如：
In addition, we have to practice writing more to make it better.
7. In addition, many died from the diseases brought by Europeans.
此外，欧洲人带来了疾病，使许多人染病而死。
2）in addition to... ------除...之外（还有), 后面可接名词（短语）或动名词短语。不接句子。
1. 除了看电影之外，我们还去游泳。
In addition to watching the film, we went to swim.
2. 这个老师，还有他的学生，很喜欢这本书。
The teacher, in addition to his students, likes the book very much.(就远原则)
( P2 L12)
8. Of the first Spanish to go to California, the majority were religious men, …
在首批移居加州的人中，大部分是宗教人
士，……
1) majority n. 大多数 (常与a /the 连用)
e.g. _____________ were / was for( against) the plan. 多数人赞成（反对）这个计划。
The majority
majority单独作主语时，若强调整体，谓语动词用单数; 强调个体时，谓语动词用复数。
( P2 L20)
a / the majority of + n. 后可接不可数名词，也可接可数名词复数，谓语动词由后面的名词决定 。
e.g. ______________ the people ______ against the idea of building a new factory here.
多数人反对在这儿建新工厂。
The majority of
are
注意：表示以多少票的多数通过 / 当选时，用
by a majority of。
e.g. He was elected as our monitor by a
majority of 50.
他以50票的多数票当选我们的班长。
2) a / the majority of ------大多数, 大半
3) be in (the /a) majority 占多数、过半数
1).Those who are for the proposal _______.
in the majority B. are the majority
C. are in the majority D. is in the majority
2).The number of students in our class ___68 and the majority of them ___ clever and work hard.
is; is B. are; are C. is ; are D. are; is
3) Young people were in the majority at the meeting. (Translate)
√
√
majority
a/the majority of … 大多数, 大半
be in the/a majority 占大多数
have a majority over sb.
获得多于某人的……; 战胜某人
in the minority 占少数
major in 主修
major ---
adj. 主要的
vi. 专修; 主攻
n. 主修科目
minority
n. 少数
归纳拓展
9. That is why today over 40% of Californians
speak Spanish as a first or second language.
这就是为什么今天还有40%的加利福尼亚人仍然把西班牙语作为第二语言的缘故。
why在此引导表语从句。表语从句也可 由
what, where, when等引导。
( P2 L24)
【拓展】
this / that’s because...
这/那是因为…… (because从句表示原因)
this is the reason why …
这就是……的原因 (why引导的是定语从句)
the reason why...is/was that...
……的原因是……(why引导的是定语从句，
that引导表语语从句)
the reason that … is…
……的原因是…… (that引导同位语从句)
完成句子。
1) ____________ he is fond of swimming.
那就是他喜欢游泳的原因。
2) Mark came late for the meeting. ________________ his mother was ill.
迈克开会迟到了, 那是因为他妈妈生病了。
3) ______________ the injection needs repeating every year is that the virus often changes.
每年需要重新注射的原因是这种病毒经常变化。
That’s why
That was because
The reason why

percentage [c]n. (常用作单数) 百分比，百分率
1) a percentage of后接名词时，其后谓语动词的数与所接名词相符合。
* Only a small percentage of the patients _____ children.
* A large percentage of the hotel’s income ____ from the visitors.
are
is
10.Today, Chinese-Americans live in all parts of California, although a large percentage have chosen to stay in the "Chinatowns" of Los Angeles and San Francisco.
今天，加州州各地都有美籍华人，尽管有很大比例的华人还是选择住在洛杉矶和圣弗朗西斯科（旧金山）的“中国城”里
( P2 L42)
2) —这洗手液的酒精含量的百分比是多少？
—百分之三十。
--- What percentage of alcohol does this
hand cleaner contain?
--- Thirty percent.
percentage 百分比，百分率 percent 百分之……
在具体的数词之后用percent，数词以外用percentage
80 ________ of the people are against it.
The highest __________ of the people are against it.
percent
percentage
boom n.（人口、贸易的）繁荣，迅速发展
vi 处于经济迅速发展时期、急速发展
1. At present, Taishan is having an economic boom, especially in property and recreation industry. Car sales is booming, too.
目前，台山正处于经济繁荣时期，尤其是在房地产和旅游业。汽车销售额也在剧增。
2. 旅游业开发之后，上川岛就繁荣起来了。
Shangchuan Island boomed after the recreation industry was developed.
11. The industry boom attracted Europeans including many Jewish people.
这个行业(影视业）的繁荣吸引了大量的欧洲人，包括许多犹太人。
( P3 L1)
12. It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups, …
人们认为很快民族就会大融合在一起，从而没有了非常明显的主要种族或文化群体之分。
a. It is believed that ... 表示“人们认为 ……”，其中it是 _________，真正的主语是后面的__________。
b. so ... that ... 如此……以至于……，其中 that引导_____________。
形式主语
that从句
结果状语从句
【拓展】
It is said that… 据说……
It is reported that … 据报道……
It is hoped that … 人们希望……
It is well-known that … 众所周知……
完成句子。
_____________ the retired old man _____________ many homeless children.
据说这位退休的老人收留了许多无家可归的孩子。
It is said that
has taken in
mix vt. / vi. 混合、掺和
(combine … so that they can’t be separated)
mix with --- （使）与…混[结]合;
与（某人）交往， 在（人群）中周旋;
mix A with B --- 把A 和B混合在一起
1. Oil doesn’t mix with water. 油和水不相交融
2. He _____________________________ to make orange
paint. 他把红色涂料和黄色涂料调合成橙色的涂料。
mixed red paint with yellow paint
3. 我们在工作中常要跟各种人打交道.
In our jobs, we often have to mix with all sorts of people.
4. 把少量粉末放入容器，加水混合。
Put a small amount of the powder into a container and mix with water.
1. The city is _________ of ancient and modern buildings.
这座城市既有古代建筑也有现代建筑。
a mixture
mix
mixture n. 混合物
mixed adj. 混合的, 复杂的, 男女混合的
2. Hearing the news, I had _____________.
听到这个消息，我的感情很复杂。

3. 乒乓球分为单打 、 双打 、 混合双打和团体比赛四种
赛式。
Table tennis includes single, double, mixed doubles
and team competitions.
mixed feelings
e.g.
nationality n. 国籍, 民族
1) —你是哪个国家的人？
—中国人。
— What is your nationality?
(=what country are you from ？)
— I’m Chinese.
2）She has American nationality but lives in China.
她拥有美国国籍，但住在中国。
3) Now more and more foreigners hope to take
Chinese nationality.
现在越来越多的外国人希望加入中国国籍。
racial adj. 种族的 ------race n.种族，民族
racial prejudice 种族偏见
racial discrimination 种族歧视
we should not have racial discrimination.
我们不应该有种族歧视。
Useful expressions in the passage
【paragraph 1】
1.第三大州
2.人口最多
3.有……的特征/特质
4.多元文化的
5.继续存在
6.文化的多样性
【paragraph 2】
1.很可能
2.穿越北极的白令海峡

3.借助大陆桥
the third largest state
have the largest population
multicultural
have the distinction of
live on
the diversity of culture
It is likely that …
cross the Bering Strait in the Arctic
by means of a land bridge
Useful expressions:
4.在史前时期
5.受了很多苦
6.被迫成为奴隶
7.艰难度过这些恐怖时期

【paragraph 3】
1 和…打仗
2 大部分人
3 (牧师的)职责
4. 传授天主教
5.向墨西哥宣战
in prehistoric times
suffer greatly
be forced into slavery
survive these terrible times
fight against…
the majority
ministry
teach the Catholic religion
declare war on Mexico
【paragraph 5】
1 第一批到达的人
2 实现他们…的梦想

3 谋生
4. 尽管很艰苦
5.选择成为第31个联邦政府的州


【paragraph 6】
1.很大比例的
the first to arrive
achieve their dream of doing
make a life
despite the hardship
elect to become the thirty-first federal state
a large percentage of
【paragraph 7】
1 意大利
2 丹麦
3 保持他们的丹麦文化

4. 很好地建立了起来
5.这个行业的繁荣

【paragraph 8】
1. 在20世纪初
Italy
Denmark
keep up their Danish culture
be well established
the industry boom
at the beginning of the 20th century
【paragraph 10】
不久以后
明显主要的种族或文化群体

…和…的混合物
before long
distinct major racial or cultural groups
a mixture of A and B
堂上练习
现在的人，大部分似乎喜欢玩电脑而不喜欢看电视。(a majority of )

2. 最快的交通工具是飞机。(means)

3. 很有可能他不会按时参加晚会。(It is likely that ...)

4. 大家都相信汉语将会在全世界得到更广泛的传播。(It is believed that...)
练习：根据括号内的提示将下列句子翻译成英语。
A majority of people today seem to prefer playing computer to watching TV.
The quickest means of transport is by plane.
It is likely that he will not take part in the party on time.
It is believed that Chinese will be spread even more widely in the world.
5. California is a state ________________________
_____________ (移民比例很高)．
6. They went to the West and _________________
________________ (决心去开始新生活)．
7. Tom was ill.____________________________
______________ (那就是他开会迟到的原因)．
8. The burglars entered the house _______________________ (借助梯子)．
with a high percentage
of immigrants
decided to make
a new life there
That was why he came late for
the meeting
by means of a ladder