(共31张PPT)
Module 2
Developing and Developed Countries
内容索引
核心素养测评
Step 1 以高考为导向·印证教材基础
Step 2 以核心为根本·探究课堂重点
Step 3 以检测为载体·提升语基能力
Step 4 以话题为主线·锤炼素养技能
1. measure vt. 测定; 测量; 评估; 有……长(宽、高等)
n. 尺寸; 措施
【文化金句】
Many youngsters now measure their status by how much public approval they get online, often through ‘likes’.
现在, 许多年轻人通过在网上得到的支持度, 通常是通过“点赞”, 来评价他们的地位。
【语块必记】
(1) be measured by/in 用……来衡量
(2) make . . . to one’s measure 按某人的尺寸做……
take measures (to do sth. ) 采取措施(做某事)
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①The new bridge under construction ________ (measure) twice as long as the
old one.
②Faced with such high housing prices, the government has to take ________
(measure).
③It’s generally acknowledged that education shouldn’t ___________only by
examination results, because sometimes, exam results are not _____________
of a student ’s abilities.
普遍认为不应该只是通过考试成绩来衡量教育, 因为有时考试成绩不是一个学
生的能力的真实考量。
measures
measures
be measured
a true measure
【误区释疑】
measure表示“某物有……长、宽、高等 ”时, 为不及物动词, 其后接表示事物长、宽、高等的名词, 不用于被动语态和进行时态; 如果表示此意的measure作后置定语, 要用现在分词的形式。
2. figure n. 数字; 图形; 人物; 身材 vt. 计算; 认为
【写作金句】 If you don’t understand something, you can research, study and talk to your friends and teachers until you figure it out, but don’t give up.
如果你不了解某个事物, 你可以研究、学习和朋友老师探讨, 直到弄明白, 但是不要放弃。
【语块必记】
(1)keep one’s figure 保持身材
(2)figure on 期待, 指望; 依靠; 打算
figure out 算出; 想出; 理解; 断定; 解决
figure in 把……计算/考虑在内
figure that. . . 认为……
【语境速测】 写出黑体部分的含义
①They figured it was better to stay where they were.
_____
②Mahatma Gandhi was both a political and a religious figure in Indian history.
_____
③The figures in the form show that economy last season was picking up. _____
④Going on a diet is not a good way to keep your figure. _____
认为
人物
数字
身材
【单句改错】
⑤I still can’t figure what it is that you want to have me repair.
______________
【巧学助记】
figure后面加out
3. crowded adj. 拥挤的
【文化金句】 With the Spring Festival around the corner, streets and shops are always crowded with people who are preparing for the important festival. 在春节前, 街上商店里挤满为这个重要的节日做准备的人们。
【语块必记】
(1)be crowded with 挤满
(2)crowd v. 挤满; 使拥挤; 聚集n. 人群; 观众
(3)a crowd of 许多, 一群
(4)crowd in (on sb. )/into one’s mind
(问题、想法等)涌上(某人的心头), 涌入(某人的脑海)
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①We should take measures to prevent accidents happening in ________ (crowd)
places such as schools and markets.
②Everyone in the restaurant ________ (crowd) around them and started singing.
完成句子
③Happy memories ____________________________________as I looked at the
photographs. ?
当我看到这些照片的时候, 幸福的往事涌上我的心头。
crowded
crowded
crowded in on me/crowded into my mind
4. be connected with与……有联系, 与……有关
【写作金句】 Health problems are closely connected with bad eating habits and a lack of exercise.
健康问题和坏的饮食习惯以及缺少锻炼密切相关。
【语块必记】
(1)connect v. 连接; 使……有联系; 为……接通电话; 插入插座
connect. . . to. . . 把……连接到……上
connect. . . with. . . 把……和……联系起来
(2)connection n. 连接; 联系
have connection with 和……有联系
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①The teacher figures that bad performances in the exams are closely _________
(connect) with laziness.
②The two cities are _________ (connect) by a railway built in 2010.
③Most animals have little __________(connect) with animals of a different kind,
unless they hunt them for food.
【知识拓展】“和……有联系”短语荟萃
be related to, be linked to/with, be relevant to, be associated with, have
something to do with等。
connected
connected
connection
5. Norway is at the top of the list, while the US is at number 7. 挪威高居榜首, 而美国则排在第七。
【文化金句】
Some people are in favour of online voting while others think it has some disadvantages.
一些人支持网上投票然而一些人认为它有一些坏处。
【句型公式】
【语境速测】 写出黑体部分的含义
①Some people waste food while others haven’t enough. ( )
②While online shopping has changed our life, not all of its effects have been
positive. ( )
③While I was looking through the news online, up came a video of a lovely
bear. ( )
④While there is life, there is hope. ( )
⑤(单句改错)Once a while he came to talk with his parents for while.
_______________________
然而; 可是
尽管, 虽然
当……时候
只要
once后面加in; for后面加a
6. It’s an agreement between towns or cities of similar size and age, and which have similar features such as tourism, industry, culture and entertainment. ?
它是那些规模和年代相似的城镇或城市之间的一份协议, 它们有相似的特征, 如旅游业、工业、文化和娱乐。
【写作金句】
I’m more than delighted to hear that you have made some friends of the same age in the new school.
听说你在新学校结交了一些同龄的朋友, 我感到非常高兴。
【句型公式】
(1)“of+抽象名词”=相对应的形容词
of+(great/much)+value/use/importance/help
=(very) valuable/useful/important/helpful
(2)of+(adj. )+size/age/color/weight/height/shape/kind。它们没有相对应的形容词, 用来描述人或事物的特征。若名词前有不定冠词a/an, a/an相当于the same。
【语境速测】 一句多译
①他给我的那本书很有价值。
The book he gave me is ____________. ?
=The book he gave me is ____________. ?
②年龄一样的两个女孩都在为她们的梦想努力。
The two girls ________are making efforts for their dream.
=The two girls ______________are making efforts for their dream. ?
of great value
very valuable
of an age
of the same age
【备选要点】
1. particular adj. 特别的; 特殊的; 个别的; 挑剔的
【文化金句】 Academy of Classical Learning is a particular form of educational institution in ancient China. 书院是我国古代特有的教育组织形式。
【语块必记】
(1)in particular 特别地
be particular about (over) sth.
对……很讲究/挑剔
(2)particularly adv. 独特地; 显著地; 特别地
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①The risk of developing bowel cancer was found among men, ___________
(particular) those who watched lots of television.
②Goods which are easily damaged, __ particular glasses, need special packing.
③She is so particular _____ her housework that servants will not work for her.
particularly
in
about
2. up to直到; 达到; 到……为止; 正在做……; 胜任; 由……决定
【语块必记】
be up to. . . 胜任……; 正在做……
live up to 不辜负, 做到
It is up to sb. to do sth. 由某人决定做某事
It is up to you. 随你的便。/由你来决定。
【语境速测】 写出黑体部分的含义
①In terms of a study, corn can lose up to 5% of their harvest for every day
temperatures climb above 30 ℃. _____
②We all agree that he is up to the position. _____
③What have you been up to recently? _____
④They have been learning English up to now, though in their advanced age.
_____
多达
胜任
忙于
直到
3. be/get close to接近, 靠近
close to 靠近, 几乎
keep a close eye/watch on 密切注视
close up/to 离……很近, 在近处
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①I’m very much a family man and need to be close __ those I love.
②Scientists need to keep a close watch ___ the link between cell phones and
cancer.
改错
③Teenagers should be encouraged to go outside and be closely to nature.
_______________?
to
on
closely改为 close
4. make efforts / make effort / make an effort努力
【文化金句】 “Ne Zha”, a new Chinese animated film, topped the Chinese mainland box office, which shows the Chinese film industry is making great efforts to attract more audience.
国产动画新片《哪吒之魔童降世》登上中国内地票房榜首, 这表明中国的电影业正在尽力吸引更多的观众。
【语块必记】
make every effort to do sth. 尽一切努力做某事
spare no effort 不遗余力
without effort 容易地; 不费力地
【语境速测】 完成句子
①The central government is calling on the whole nation to _____________
_____ a harmonious society and a new socialist countryside. 中央政府号召全
国人民努力建设和谐社会和社会主义新农村。?
②I must ____________________well so that I can get into a good college. ?
我必须不遗余力地学好, 这样我就可以进入一所好大学。
③No one can succeed ____________. ?
不努力没有人能成功。
make efforts to
build
spare no effort to learn
without effort
核心素养测评十四 Module 2 Developing and Developed Countries
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
A
(2020·内江模拟)
One thing you do not expect an oil minister to do is to block the development of his own country’s oil fields. But that is exactly what Alberto Acosta did when he was appointed Ecuador’s Oil Minister.
For a relatively poor country whose main income is from oil exports, this idea seemed like madness. Ecuador is not rich by economic (经济)standards, but in terms of the diversity of plant and animal life, it is one of the richest places on Earth. For this, scientists studied trees in the Yasuni National Park in Ecuador’s undamaged rain forest, and they found over 650 different species (物种)of tree in just one acre—more than the total number in all of the US and Canada combined. Mr Acosta said he would rather the oil companies did not destroy these natural riches. His idea is to leave the oil reserves beneath Yasuni Park untouched, in return for compensation of half their value, which will be done by the international society. The oil is worth more than $7 billion.
Ecuador is not the only country trying to get richer nations to pay for not exploiting (开发)their forests. Both Nigeria and Guatemala are hoping they will be able to make similar deals. A spokesperson for local environmental groups explained, “This is fantastic though the plan has met with problems, both from within Ecuador and from outside. If only people in developed countries appreciated that these forests absorb a lot of the CO2 that their industries produce. I just wish they would take a longer-term view of this problem. Protecting biodiversity and preventing climate change means temporary loss, otherwise, we will all be losers—with consequences I’d rather not even think about. ”
【文章大意】厄瓜多尔为了保护自然, 石油部长Mr Acosta阻止开采这个国家公园下面的石油。这篇文章旨在告诉我们发展中国家不要为了一时的利益而破坏大自然。
1. What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A. His total number of tree species.
B. Ecuador’s oil storage quantity.
C. Ecuador’s diversity in wildlife.
D. His undamaged rain forest.
【解析】选C。词义猜测题。根据语境可知, this指代前面一句中的in terms of the diversity of plant and animal life, it is one of the richest places on Earth。由此可知, this指的是“厄瓜多尔这个国家的野生动植物种类多”。故选C。
2. What was Mr Acosta’s real aim to prevent some oil fields being developed?
A. Importing more oil.
B. Protecting the environment.
C. Building more natural parks.
D. Compensate the Yasuni Park.
【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第二段的内容可知, 在厄瓜多尔的Yasuni国家公园里一英亩就有650多种不同的树种, 所以Mr Acosta阻止开采这个国家公园下面的石油的真正目的是保护环境。故选B。
3. What does the spokesperson indicate in the last paragraph?
A. Destroying nature means punishing ourselves.
B. Natural forests can stop climate change totally.
C. Developed countries will become losers.
D. It’s impossible to carry out Acosta’s plan.
【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据最后一段这位发言人的话可知, 他反对砍伐森林, 保护生态多样性虽然意味着有暂时的损失, 否则我们会成为真正的输家。故选A。
【知识拓展】背景链接
厄瓜多尔, 全称厄瓜多尔共和国(The Republic of Ecuador), 南美洲国家联盟的成员国之一, 位于南美洲西北部的国家, 北与哥伦比亚相邻, 南接秘鲁, 西滨太平洋。面积256370平方千米, 赤道横贯国境北部, 厄瓜多尔就是西班牙语“赤道”的意思。矿物以石油为主, 森林面积约占全国面积的68%。
B
Moscow city authorities have begun using comics with characters from Russian fairytales to explain to migrants how they should behave. They say a 100-page guide is needed to “maintain a positive image” of the city and could help reduce “tensions” between natives and migrants. But some people have pointed out that foreign immigrants and natives may be viewed as opponents in the manual (手册). They think immigrants and natives should live together in harmony.
Russians and immigrants have repeatedly clashed in Moscow recently. Many immigrants from ex-Soviet republics in Central Asia, the Caucasus and North Caucasus, arrive in Moscow every year, attracted by the capital’s job opportunities and relatively high salaries. A significant number of them work in the Russian capital illegally.
The new guide in Russian seeks to explain the “dos” and “don’ts” to immigrants. They are urged not to cause trouble, by staring at women, or eating or talking loudly on the streets. They are also warned that the police may routinely stop them to check their documents.
In the manual, Russia’s famous “Three warriors” are meant to represent the city’s law enforcement agencies, while Prince Yuri Dolgoruky (a historical character) is used for tours around Moscow. Meanwhile, Vasilisa the Wise and The Snow Maiden test the reader on Russia’s language and history. A special section of the book explains the importance of following Moscow’s strict residency and employment rules, stressing that immigrants could otherwise be deported (驱逐出境) or banned from entry.
“The old conflict between Russian heroes and non-Slavic invaders appears again, ” Yevgeny Varshaver, a migration expert told BBC Russian. He also suggested that the language used in the book would be “difficult” to understand for some immigrants who were not native Russian speakers.
【文章大意】莫斯科出台了用带有俄国神话人物的连环画向移民解释应该怎样举止。
4. What can we learn about the manual?
A. It may not make immigrants and natives live in harmony.
B. It is full of funny stories from fairy tales.
C. It aims to protect the rights of locals and immigrants.
D. It sets strict and cruel rules to immigrants.
【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第一段可知, 莫斯科当局是用带有俄国神话人物的连环画向移民解释应该怎样举止。但是一些人指出这个手册把本国人和移民看做是对立的, 所以这个手册不会使他们和谐相处。故选A。
5. People from other countries come to Moscow . ?
A. to enjoy the fine climate
B. to have a new lifestyle
C. to find occupations with good income
D. to experience a new culture
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第二段的Many immigrants. . . arrive in Moscow every year, attracted by the capital’s job opportunities and relatively high salaries. 可知, 其他国家的人来到莫斯科是为了在莫斯科找到工作, 并且有相对高的工资。故选C。
6. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A. The book will make it easy for foreign immigrants to read.
B. Foreign immigrants may find the manual interesting to read.
C. The Russian language is hard for foreign immigrants to learn.
D. Foreign immigrants may have difficulty reading the manual.
【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据最后一段的He also suggested that the language used in the book would be “difficult” to understand for some immigrants who were not native Russian speakers. 可知, 这本手册对于一些移民来说是很难理解的。故选D。
7. Which of the following would be the best title of the text?
A. Ways to help foreign immigrants to settle in Russia.
B. More and more foreign immigrants work in Moscow.
C. Moscow fairy tale comics to help immigrants behave.
D. Characters from Russian fairy tales attract public attention.
【解析】选C。主旨大意题。莫斯科出台了带有俄国神话人物的连环画向移民解释应该怎样举止。故选C。
【知识拓展】长难句分析
A special section of the book explains the importance of following Moscow’s strict residency and employment rules, stressing that immigrants could otherwise be deported or banned from entry.
分析: stressing that immigrants could otherwise be deported or banned from entry, 是现在分词短语作伴随状语。stressing后面的宾语从句用的是虚拟语气, 相当于省略了if虚拟条件句, 即if they didn’t follow Moscow’s strict residency and employment rules。
翻译: 这本书专门有一部分解释了遵守莫斯科的严格的居住和工作制度, 同时强调否则他们就被驱逐出境或禁止入境。
Ⅱ. 完形填空
Denver, Colorado is one of the fastest growing cities in America. It also has one of the biggest populations of 1 young people. A Denver coffee shop is seeking to solve the problem. The Purple Door Coffee Shop employs and 2 homeless young people, giving them a second 3 to make a new start. ?
For many years, Kevin Persons lived on the 4 . Today, he is working in a bar, serving coffee. He is also working to move off the streets and into a home. ?
He says it is a 5 to get a job even when you have a house nowadays; but when you don’t have a house trying to get a job it is much harder. What makes it a little 6 is the mission of the Purple Door Coffee shop. It does not just 7 a cup of coffee; it turns lives 8 . ?
The owners of the two-year-old nonprofit 9 three to four young adults per year. Shelters such as Urban Peak, where Kevin was staying, 10 young people who are ready to commit to working. ?
Madison Chandler, co-founder of Purple Door, and her partner meet with their workers 11 each week. They talk about topics 12 from mental health, finance to customer service. They also 13 a life coach to make sure the workers have the 14 and skills that will 15 them up for success. ?
Kevin 16 that he is learning what he needs to 17 the struggles of homelessness and live a full life. ?
For Madison Chandler, providing these young adults with 18 and education and helping them become confident and 19 is worthwhile. The most 20 part of her job is helping them achieve a life for themselves that they have dreamed of. ?
【文章大意】本文主要介绍美国丹佛的一家咖啡店帮助无家可归的年轻人的事情。
1. A. homeless B. hopeless
C. powerless D. useless
【解析】选A。homeless无家可归的; hopeless无望的; powerless没力的; useless无用的。根据下文的homeless young people可知。
2. A. treats B. trains C. requires D. controls
【解析】选B。treat对待, 治疗; train培训; require需要, 要求; control控制。根据下文可知, 这家咖啡店雇用无家可归的年轻人, 提供给他们工作。工作前一定要进行培训。故选B。
3. A. change B. charity
C. chance D. compromise
【解析】选C。change改变; charity慈善; chance机会; compromise妥协。雇用无家可归的年轻人, 是给他们一次重新开始的机会。
4. A. roof B. bridge C. bank D. street
【解析】选D。roof房顶; bridge桥; bank岸, 银行; street街道。根据这一段的He is also working to move off the streets and into a home. 可知, Kevin Persons住在大街上很多年了。
5. A. dream B. goal C. privileg D. struggle
【解析】选D。dream梦想; goal目标; privilege特权; struggle挣扎, 奋斗, 困难。句意: 现在你有房子找工作都是难事, 但是你没有房子找工作更难。
6. A. nicer B. larger C. easier D. stronger
【解析】选C。nice美好的; large大的; easy容易的; strong强壮的, 强大的。根据前面一句中的harder可知此处表示相反的意思, 故选C。
7. A. share B. study C. solve D. serve
【解析】选D。share分享; study学习; solve解决; serve提供, (为……)服务, 任(职), 端上。这是一家咖啡店, 所以它提供咖啡。
8. A. away B. around C. on D. in
【解析】选B。turn away打发走; turn around转身, 改变意见, 使变得完全不同; turn on打开电器等; turn in上交。句意: 它不仅提供一杯咖啡, 它还使生活完全不同。
9. A. hire B. fire
C. exchange D. contact
【解析】选A。hire雇用; fire开火, 解雇; exchange交换; contact联系。根据上下文可知, 店主每年雇用三到四位年轻人。
10. A. recommend B. suggest
C. remind D. indicate
【解析】选A。recommend推荐, 建议; suggest建议, 暗示; remind提醒, 使想起; indicate暗示, 指示。句意: 像Kevin住的Urban Peak这样的收容中心推荐愿意工作的年轻人。
11. A. particularly B. individually
C. accidentally D. proudly
【解析】选B。particularly尤其; individually分别地, 各自地, 独特地; accidentally偶然地, 意外地; proudly骄傲地, 自豪地。句意: Madison Chandler, Purple Door的共同创立者, 和她的合伙人分别会见他们的员工。
12. A. spreading B. ranging
C. including D. extending
【解析】选B。spread from. . . to. . . 从……传播/蔓延到……; range from. . . to. . . (文章或讲话)涉及, 包括, (在一定幅度内)变化, 变动; include包括, 后面不需要from; extend from. . . to. . . 从……延伸到……。句意: 他们谈论从心理健康, 财政到顾客服务各种话题。
13. A. advertise B. teach C. provide D. promote
【解析】选C。advertise宣传; teach教; provide提供; promote提升。句意: 他们给工人们请来人生导师来确保工人们得到使他们成功的支持和技能。
14. A. supply B. imagination
C. production D. support
【解析】选D。supply供应品; imagination想象; production生产; support支持。使工人们成功, 应该提供他们支持和技能。故选D。
15. A. set B. pick C. lift D. give
【解析】选A。set sb. up资助某人; pick sb. up用车接某人; lift sb. up举起某人, 使某人心情好起来; give sb. up放弃某人。此处指帮助他们成功。
16. A. admits B. regrets
C. recognizes D. claims
【解析】选C。admit承认; regret后悔; recognize, 辨认出, 认识到; claim声称。句意: Kevin意识到他现在正在学习他需要的东西来摆脱无家可归的困难的境地, 过上充实的生活。
17. A. keep B. await C. leave D. recall
【解析】选C。keep保持; await等候; leave离开, 告别; recall回忆。根据上下文可知, Kevin在工作, 想摆脱那种无家可归的生活。
18. A. employment B. development
C. movement D. adjustment
【解析】选A。employment雇用; development发展; movement移动; adjustment调整。根据第一段的The Purple Door Coffee Shop employs可知。
19. A. humorous B. independent
C. determined D. stubborn
【解析】选B。humorous幽默的; independent独立的; determined坚定的; stubborn倔强的, 固执的。根据空前面的confident以及后面一句中的helping them achieve a life for themselves that they have dreamed of可知, 提供给年轻人工作和教育, 并帮助他们自信独立是值得的。
20. A. encouraging B. astonishing
C. amusing D. rewarding
【解析】选D。encouraging鼓舞人心的; astonishing令人吃惊的; amusing有趣的; rewarding值得的。根据前面一句中的worthwhile可知。worthwhile和rewarding都表示“值得的”。
【知识拓展】佳词积累
1. seek to do sth. 试图做某事
2. mission n. 使命; 宗旨; 代表团
3. nonprofit adj. 非营利的
n. 非营利组织等
4. worthwhile adj. 值得的
5. dream of 梦想
Ⅲ. 语法填空
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Most new people were born in developing countries. These countries 1. (find) in much of Africa, South America and some parts of Asia. In the developed countries of Europe and North America, the population is growing very 2. (slow). This is 3. women in these countries have, on average, only one or two children. In the developing countries, many women have five 4. more children. In 1950, around one quarter of the world’s population lived in the developed countries. By 2050, these countries will be home to only around one
5. (ten) of the world’s people. ?
In the developing countries, more than one billion people are still living below the poverty line. These people do not have enough food 6. (eat) and they live in poor housing. Children get little time at school and people suffer from many 7. (kind) of diseases. ?
At the 8. (begin) of the 21st century, the world’s population was around six billion people. The U. N. has said that the world’s population will level off (平稳下降) at 12. 5 billion by 9. year 2100. Other groups think the world’s population will continue to grow, 10. (reach) 14 billion before it becomes stable (稳定的), or even falls. ?
【文章大意】本文主要告诉我们现在发展中国家增添了很多人口, 并且有些人仍然生活贫困。
1. 【解析】are found。此处指现在的现状, 所以用一般现在时。句意是: 这些国家被发现是在非洲、南美和亚洲的部分地区。主语These countries和find之间是被动关系, 所以用一般现在时的被动语态。
2. 【解析】slowly。副词修饰谓语is growing。
3. 【解析】because。前面一句提到欧洲和北美的发达国家人口增长慢, 此处表示原因, 所以用because。
4. 【解析】or。or在此处表示“或者”。
5. 【解析】tenth。one tenth表示十分之一。
【知识拓展】英语中分数的表达
分子是“一”时, 分母用序数词; 分子大于“一”时, 分母用序数词加s。其中, 四分之一、四分之二等可以用one quarter/fourth, two quarters/fourths表达; 二分之一可以用one/a half表达。
6. 【解析】 to eat。此处动词不定式作定语。have sth. to do表示“有要做的事情”, 此处have enough food to eat表示“有足够吃的食物”。
7. 【解析】kinds。根据空前面的many可知用名词的复数形式。
8. 【解析】beginning。at the beginning of在……之初。
9. 【解析】the。此处特指2100年, 所以用定冠词the。
10. 【解析】reaching。现在分词表示自然的结果。
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