核心素养测评十七 Module 5 Great People and Great Inventions of Ancient China
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
A
At 9: 30 am on a Wednesday morning, I received a notification (通知) that I’d already picked up my phone 30 times that day! “11 left until you go over your goal of 41 pickups, ” my screen read. “Put your phone down until 9: 52 am! Enjoy your time living in the moment. ”
These updates were sent via Moment, an app that tracks my screen time, created by Kevin Holesh in 2014 to fight his own device addiction. He was working as an independent app developer, spending hours each day staring at screens. After work, Holesh found that he was looking mindlessly online instead of talking to his wife or taking his dogs for a walk.
“I wanted a way of seeing how much time I was sinking into my phone, ” he said. “So I came up with something that could monitor my screen time. ” Holesh found that he was spending 75 minutes on his phone a day. He added a function to the app that informed him whenever his screen time was more than 40 minutes. “My phone would make a sound like a bee, and I’d go and do something else. It was like a little angel on my shoulder pushing me in the right direction, ” he said. Holesh figured that if the system worked for him, it would work for others, and later that year he made Moment a free app. To date, it has been downloaded 8 million times.
Besides, Moment also has a “coach” function, offering guided programs to help users focus and be more productive, for $ 7. 99 a month. “I am so much happier, I sleep better, I read more, I take better care of myself, and most of all I am present in my day-to-day life, ” Jack, a user said. Similar comments on Moment reflect a growing consciousness around “digital wellness”, the name given to lifestyle practices that encourage healthy device use.
【文章大意】本文是一篇科普类短文。文章主要介绍了Holesh为了戒掉自己对电子设备的依赖, 开发了一款应用软件Moment。
1. What does the inspiration of Moment come from?
A. The creator’s own experience.
B. The sound made by honey bees.
C. Complaints from family members.
D. The widespread digital addiction.
【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据文章第三段的I wanted a way of seeing how much time I was sinking into my phone. . . monitor my screen time. 可知, Holesh想知道自己花了多少时间沉迷于手机, 于是他想出了一个可以监控屏幕时间的东西, 从而可以推断出, 他开发Moment的灵感来自自己的经历。故选A。
2. What does Moment do at the expected screen time?
A. Monitor the screen and keep a record.
B. Make a noise to remind the user.
C. Turn off the phone immediately.
D. Force the user to take a rest.
【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据文章第三段的He added a function to the app that informed him whenever his screen time was more than 40 minutes. . . do something else. 可知, 当屏幕时间超过设定时间时, 该软件就会发出像蜜蜂一样的声音通知他, 从而可以推断出, Moment会在设定的屏幕时间发出噪音提醒使用者。故选B。
3. What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 4?
A. Persuade readers to buy the app.
B. Provide readers with some advice.
C. Recommend a coach to the readers.
D. Introduce more information of the app.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据文章第四段的Besides, Moment also has a “coach” function, offering guided programs to help users focus and be more productive, for $ 7. 99 a month. 可知, 本段作者主要向读者介绍Moment的其他功能。故选D。
4. In which part of a website will you find this text?
A. Fashion and Business.
B. Sports and Entertainment.
C. Health and Lifestyle.
D. Art and Design.
【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据文章最后一段Similar comments on Moment reflect a growing consciousness around “digital wellness”, the name given to lifestyle practices that encourage healthy device use. 及全文内容可知, 文章与鼓励健康使用电子设备的生活方式有关, 故可以推断出文章选自网站中的“健康与生活方式”部分。故选C。
【知识拓展】佳词积累
1. pick up 拿起
2. update n. &v. 更新
3. track v. 跟踪
4. addiction n. 上瘾
5. mindlessly adv. 不费心思地; 愚蠢地
6. to date 到目前为止
B
(2020·商洛模拟)
Imagine jet-setting from Tokyo to Paris, enjoying first-class travel, a four-course dinner and a city tour-all without leaving the ground. This is the future of air travel according to Japanese company First Airlines, which has used the power of virtual reality to create dream vacations.
Passengers avoid the costly airport transfer, the baggage fees or busy airport terminal(航站楼)-and instead enjoy the privileges of business or first-class travel and an expensive tour of Paris-all while remaining motionless in Tokyo. As well as Paris, First Airlines also offers the virtual destinations of New York, Rome and Hawaii.
After boarding, guests can settle down for the two-hour flight on their advanced Airbus seat-surrounded by decoration that is modeled on the inside of an aircraft, for maximum realism. There is flight service and VR, foods, music for every destination. Passengers will be served a delicious meal by air stewards, alongside drinks and other desserts. The menu depends on the destination of choice-Manhattan clam chowder and cheesecake for New York and salmon tartar and onion soup for Paris. After landing at the destination, guests can enjoy a 360-degree tour of the destination-all thanks to projection(投影)mapping and video.
It makes for a supposedly stress-free vacation, perfect for those whose ability to travel abroad is limited by cost or health. Virtual reality is becoming increasingly present everywhere at all times in the world of travel-allowing travelers to appreciate the wonders of the world, all without leaving their house.
At just 4, 980 yen($ 46)for business class and 5, 980 yen($ 56)for first class-these two-hour flights are far more affordable than their real-life flights. Tokyo citizens eager to experience First Airlines can book a trip on the website, with reservations currently being taken until May.
【文章大意】本文是一篇科普类文章。根据日本公司第一航空公司的说法, 描述了航空旅行的未来, 它利用虚拟现实的力量创造了梦幻般的假期。
5. What can we learn about the future of air travel from Tokyo to Paris?
A. It is high-flying.
B. It is money-saving.
C. It is power-wasting.
D. It is time-consuming.
【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第二段中Passengers avoid the costly airport transfer, the baggage fees or busy airport terminal-and instead enjoy the privileges of business or first-class travel and an expensive tour of Paris-all while remaining motionless in Tokyo. 可知, 从东京到巴黎, 我们能了解到未来的航空旅行是省钱的。故选B。
6. When can passengers enjoy the beauty of the destination?
A. Upon arrival.
B. During the flight.
C. After boarding the plane.
D. On getting off the plane.
【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第三段可知, 一到达, 旅客就能享受到目的地的美。故选A。
7. The flight is perfect for travelers who . ?
A. do little physical exercise
B. work under great pressure
C. desire to travel a long distance
D. have health or money troubles
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第四段第一句It makes for a supposedly stress-free vacation, perfect for those whose ability to travel abroad is limited by cost or health. 可知, 对于那些有健康或金钱问题的旅行者来说, 这种航班是完美的。故选D。
8. What can be the best title for the text?
A. A Scientific Fantasy
B. The Power of Virtual Reality
C. Japan’s Virtual Air Travel Abroad
D. Appreciation of the Global Wonders
【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第一段Imagine jet-setting from Tokyo to Paris, enjoying first-class travel, a four-course dinner and a city tour-all without leaving the ground. This is the future of air travel according to Japanese company First Airlines, which has used the power of virtual reality to create dream vacations. 可知本文主题是Japan’s Virtual Air Travel Abroad。故选C。
【知识拓展】佳词积累
1. transfer n. 转移; 改变 2. privilege n. 特权
3. destination n. 目的地
4. supposedly adv. 据说
长难句分析
Virtual reality is becoming increasingly present everywhere at all times in the world of travel-allowing travelers to appreciate the wonders of the world, all without leaving their house.
分析: 本句是一个简单句。Virtual reality是句子的主语。
译文: 在旅行的世界里, 虚拟现实越来越多地随时出现在任何地方——让旅行者不出家门就能欣赏世界的奇观。
Ⅱ. 阅读填句
根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The basic computer mouse is an amazingly clever invention with a relatively simple design that allows us to point at things on the computer and it is very productive. Most of us use the computer mouse daily without stopping to think how it works until it gets dirty and we have to learn how to clean it. 1 Other computer pointing devices include light pens, graphics tablets and touch screens, but the mouse is still our workhorse. ?
2 As computer screens became popular and arrow keys were used to move around a body of text, it became clear that a pointing device that allowed easier motion through the text and even selection of text would be very useful. The introduction of the mouse was really helpful. ?
3 It all starts with mouse ball. As the mouse ball in the bottom of the mouse rolls over the mouse pad, it presses against and turns two shafts. The shafts are connected to wheels. The wheels have a pair of LED. One LED sends a light beam to the LED on the other side. As the wheels move, the light beam gets through to the LED on the other side. 4 ?
So far we have only discussed the basic computer mouse. One problem with this design is that the mouse gets dirty as the ball rolls over the surface and picks up the dirt. 5 The newer optical mice avoid this problem by having no moving parts. ?
A. How does the mouse work?
B. At last you have to buy a new one.
C. Eventually you have to clean your mouse.
D. The computer mouse was invented in 1964 by Douglas Englehart of Stanford University.
E. We learn to point at things before we learn to speak, so the mouse is a very natural pointing device.
F. Although the computer mouse is so small, it has many functions when we edit a long article in particular.
G. The LED detects a changing pattern of light, converts the pattern into an electronic signal, and sends the signal to the computer.
【文章大意】本文主要介绍鼠标。
1. 【解析】选E。段中句。E项表示“我们在学会说话前就学会了指东西, 所以鼠标是天生的指点设备”, 后面一句又提到了其他的指点设备。故选E。
2. 【解析】选D。段首句。这一段主要讲了鼠标的发明。故选D。
3. 【解析】选A。段首句。这一段详细地介绍了鼠标是怎样运转的。故选A。
4. 【解析】选G。段末句。前面两句提到一个LED把光束传到另一个LED。轮子移动时, 光束就到达了另一边的LED。所以G项承接上文, 意思是: LED发现光的变化, 把这种变化的光转变成电子信号, 然后把信号发给电脑。
5. 【解析】选C。段中句。空前面一句提到, 当鼠标上面的球滚动染上灰尘时, 它就变脏。填空处承接上句, 表示“变脏后要清理”。故选C。
Ⅲ. 短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文, 请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误, 每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加: 在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧), 并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除: 把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改: 在错的词下划一横线, 并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意: 1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2. 只允许修改10处, 多者(从第11处起)不计分。
The First Lesson of the New Term, a TV programme about how to protect oneself in times of emergency, is meant to provide school students the knowledge on self-protection. It will help students in case of naturally disasters such as earthquakes, fires, snowstorms or floods. Many example show that enough knowledge about self-protection along with enough courage and willpower are to help many survive.
This is good to see this programme is the most important activity of a national campaign to make students to pay attention to their personal safety. Chinese Education Ministry had called on all schools nationwide to give lessons on self-protection in times of emergency every term so that we can survive. The programme, that is popular among students, will work as expecting.
答案:
1. 【解析】第一句students后面加with。provide sb. with sth. 提供某人某物。
2. 【解析】第二句naturally→natural。此处需要用形容词修饰名词disasters。
3. 【解析】第三句example→examples。根据前面的many可知此处需要用example的复数形式。
4. 【解析】第三句are→is。此处that enough knowledge. . . help many survive是that引导的宾语从句, 宾语从句中的主语是enough knowledge about self-protection, 所以谓语用单数形式。
【知识拓展】名词/代词+along with/with/as well as. . . +谓语
名词/代词作主语, 后面有along with, as well as, except, besides, in addition to, instead of, rather than, together with, with 等引起的介词短语或其他从属结构时, 谓语动词同主语一致。例如: Catty, along with her husband, has just arrived。
5. 【解析】第四句This→It。it作形式主语, 真正的主语是后面的动词不定式。
6. 【解析】第四句去掉pay前面的to。make(使, 让) +宾语+省略to的不定式。
7. 【解析】第五句had →has。根据上下文可知, 此处讲述目前的情况, 所以用现在完成时。
8. 【解析】第五句we→they。此处指all schools, 所以用they。
9. 【解析】第六句that→which。which在此处引导非限制性定语从句, that不能引导非限制性定语从句。
10. 【解析】第六句expecting→expected。as expected相当于as it is expected。
阅读理解
(2020·广州模拟)
Photography has opened our eyes to beauties, things we literally could not have seen before the invention of the frozen image. Items previously considered not worth an artist’s paint, have been revealed and honored by the photograph: things as ordinary as a fence post, a chair, a vegetable. And as technology has developed, photographers have explored completely new points of view: those of the microscope, the eagle, the cosmos.
What is it that delights the human eye and allows us to claim that a photograph is beautiful? Photography depends on the trinity of light, composition, and moment. Light literally makes the recording of an image possible, but in the right hands, light in a photograph can make the image soar. The same is true with composition. What the photographer chooses to keep in or out of the frame is all that we will ever see—but that combination is important. And the moment that the shutter(快门) is pressed, when an instant is frozen in time, provides the whole image with meaning. When the three—light, composition, and moment—are in balance, there is visual magic.
Light, composition, and moment come together in a photograph to bring us the ultimate reality: a view of the world unknown prior to the invention of the camera. Before photography, the basic artistic rules of painting were rarely broken. Images were made to please, not to capture reality. But as photography evolved, painterly rules were often reacted in the pursuit of fresh vision. Photographers became interested in the real world, good and bad, and it was the accidental detail that was celebrated. Photography invited the world to see with new eyes—to see photographically—and all of the arts have drawn new inspiration from this change.
With these basic tools, photographers have evolved from scientists longing to “fix” an image—any image—to artistic revolutionaries. Photographs have created a new way of seeing, changed our ideas of beauty and, most importantly, made art more democratic(民主的). They have given us visual proof that the world is more wonderful than we imagined, and that there is beauty, often overlooked, in nearly everything. ?
【文章大意】摄影让我们捕捉到这个世界中的真实, 让我们看到我们想象不到的美。作者认为摄影取决于三个方面: 光线、成像和时间。
1. Before the invention of photography, which of the following was least likely to appear in an artistic work?
A. A great person.
B. A common insect.
C. A grand building.
D. A beautiful landscape.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第一段的Items previously considered not worth an artist’s paint, have been revealed and honored by the photograph: things as ordinary as a fence post, a chair, a vegetable. 可知, 以前一些普通的东西不会成为艺术家的画作, B项指的是常见的昆虫, 由此可知这是普通的, 故选B。
2. What is the function of Paragraph 2?
A. To argue that photographic beauty is subjective.
B. To explain the evolution of the concept of beauty.
C. To describe the elements that make a successful photo.
D. To illustrate different types of photographic techniques.
【解析】选C。推理判断题。第二段主要告诉我们怎样拍出美丽的照片。作者认为摄影取决于三个方面: 光线、成像和时间。只有这三方面的完美结合才能拍出好照片。故选C。
3. How has photography affected other art forms?
A. It has reduced their popularity.
B. It has forced them to change their rules.
C. It has changed their methods of composition.
D. It has provided them with new points of view.
【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第三段可知, 在照相机发明以前, 基本的艺术绘画原则是: 创作是为了高兴而不是捕捉现实。但摄影对现实感兴趣, 它让我们从新的视角去看世界, 所有的艺术从这个变化中获得了灵感。由此可知选D。
4. What does the author mean by saying photography has “made art more democratic”?
A. It has expanded the concept of artistic beauty.
B. It has challenged the status of traditional art forms.
C. It has enabled the development of new artistic tools.
D. It has allowed more people to take part in creative activities.
【解析】选A。推理判断题。摄影让我们捕捉到这个世界中的真实, 让我们看到我们想象不到的美, 而以前的绘画只是画一些美的东西, 这里表示扩大了艺术美的概念”。故选A。
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Module 5
Great People and Great Inventions of Ancient China
内容索引
核心素养测评
Step 1 以高考为导向·印证教材基础
Step 2 以核心为根本·探究课堂重点
Step 3 以检测为载体·提升语基能力
Step 4 以话题为主线·锤炼素养技能
1. equal adj. 平等的; 相等的; 胜任的 v. 等于; 比得上
n. 同等的人或物
【文化金句】
However different we look, we are equal.
无论我们看起来多么不同, 我们是平等的。
【语块必记】
(1) be equal to sth. /doing sth. (in sth. )
(在……方面)与……相等; 能胜任……; 与……匹敌
equal sb. /sth. in (doing) sth.
(在……方面)比得上……; 与……匹敌
without equal/have no equal 无与伦比
(2)equality n. 平等
(3)equally adv. 均等地, 平等地
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①The graduate is equal to ________(finish) the office work alone.
②We Chinese people have persistently urged the _______(equal) of nations,
big or small.
③Men and women must be treated _______(equal) in education and
employment.
finishing
equality
equally
2. order n. 秩序; 次序; 命令; 订购; 点的饭菜
vt. 命令; 订购; 点(饭菜)
【文化金句】
Only in a society full of order and love can people live in peace.
只有在充满秩序和仁爱的社会里人们才能和平生活。
【语块必记】
(1)in order of 以……的顺序
in/out of order 有/无序的
in order to do. . . /that. . . 为了……
place an order for sth. (with sb. ) (向某人)订购某物
(2)order sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事
order+that从句 命令…… (从句的谓语动词用should+动词原形, 其中should可以省略)
order sb. sth. =order sth. for sb. 为某人订购某物
【语境速测】 完成句子
①_________________________, we signed the waitress to come over and
_____________. ?
为了尽快就餐, 我们示意女服务员过来拿我们点的菜单。
②The books are ___________so please arrange them __________alphabet. ?
这些书都乱了, 请按字母顺序放好。
In order to have dinner soon
take our order
out of order
in order of
③The officer _____________________________________________________
____ behind the wall. ?
军官命令士兵隐藏在墙后面。
④________________________________________________________________
_____?
我为妈妈订了一个生日蛋糕。
ordered the soldiers to hide/ordered that the soldiers (should)
hide
I ordered a birthday cake for my mother. /I ordered my mother a birthday
cake.
3. stress vt. 强调; 施压于; 使紧张 n. 强调; 压力; 重音
【写作金句】 My teacher often stresses the need of shouldering responsibilities at work.
我的老师经常强调在工作中需要承担责任。
【语块必记】
(1) lay/put/place stress on sth. =stress sth.
把重点放在……上; 强调……
under stress 在压力之下
under the stress of 为……所迫
(2)stressed adj. 紧张的; 感到有压力的
(3)stressful adj. 压力大的; 令人紧张的
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①The captain ordered the pilot to finish the ________ (stress) flight successfully.
②Though the teacher lays stress ___ the importance of relaxation before an
exam, I feel _______ (stress) more or less.
stressful
on
stressed
完成句子
③It turns out that living with people who earn equal pay with you can
____________. ?
结果证明, 和同你收入一样的人一起生活会减少压力。
④The lecturer _______ that if people worked ___________for a long time, they
would become ill. ?
演讲者强调, 如果人们长期在压力下工作, 他们就有可能生病。
reduce stress
stressed
under stress
4. contribution n. 贡献, 捐献; 稿件
【写作金句】
I hope I will make great contributions to our country.
我希望我能为我们的国家做出巨大贡献。
【语块必记】
(1)make a contribution/contributions to
为……做贡献
(2)contribute v. 贡献, 捐献; 投稿
contribute. . . to. . . 把……贡献/投稿给……
contribute to 有助于, 促成, 导致
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①Located where the Belt and Road begins, Xi’an will make more ____________
(contribute) to the construction of economy.
②We hope our suggestions will contribute to _______ (solve) the problem.
③Two major factors contribute __ this phenomenon that more and more
people are addicted to smartphones.
contributions
solving
to
【知识拓展】
contribute to中to为介词, 后跟名词或动名词, 类似短语还有:
lead to 导致
get down to 着手做
object to 反对
pay attention to 注意
look forward to 期盼
devote to 奉献于
5. bring up 养育; 抚养; 提出; 呕吐
【写作金句】 It is really a hard thing for our parents to bring us up, so we should be considerate of them and do more housework. 父母抚养我们长大不容易, 所以我们要体贴他们, 多做家务活。
【语块必记】
bring about 引起; 产生; 导致; 带来
bring sth. back 带回某物; 使想起某事
bring down 让……降下来; 使倒下
bring in 引入; 赚得
bring out 取出; 使显出
【语境速测】 写出黑体部分的含义
①Brought up in a big city, he found it quite difficult to fit in in the countryside.
( )
②He was drunk and brought up what he had eaten at midnight. ( )
③The professor brought up the problem of education and stressed the need to
reform it. ( )
④Though they brought down the price of houses, they brought in a lot.
( )
抚养
呕吐
提出
使下降; 赚得
6. Mencius believed that the reason why man is different from animals is that man is good. ?
孟子认为人区别于动物的原因就在于人性本善。
【文化金句】 The reason why we should read classical works is that we can learn a lot from the past. 我们应该阅读古典作品的原因就是我们能从过去学到很多。
【句型公式】
(1)The reason why. . . is that. . . (……的)原因是……其中why 引导定语从句; that引导表语从句。
(2)That/This is because. . . 那/这是因为……; because引导表语从句, 表示原因。
(3)That/This is why. . . 那/这就是……的原因; why引导表语从句, 表示结果。
【语境速测】 一句多译
因为有人说他的坏话他生气了。
①He got angry _______some people spoke ill of him.
② ______________he got angry ________some people spoke ill of him. ?
③He got angry. ________________some people spoke ill of him. ?
④Some people spoke ill of him. ____________he got angry. ?
because
The reason why
was that
That was because
That was why
【备选要点】
1. condition n. (-s)状况; 条件; 环境
【语块必记】
(1)be in good/bad/poor condition
状况良好(健康)/恶劣(不健康)
be out of condition 身体不适; 状况欠佳
(2)on condition (that) 在……条件下; 倘若
(3)on/under no condition 决不
【语境速测】 单句改错
①People’s living condition improved gradually.
_____________________
②The reason why the old house is in a good condition is that it is well preserved.
______
③On no condition the determined men give in tomorrow.
__________________
condition改为conditions
去掉a
condition后面加will
【误区释疑】
(1)condition表示“(工作、生活或住房等)条件”时, 通常要用复数形式; 表示“状况”时, 则为不可数名词。
(2)on/under no condition位于句首时, 句子要用部分倒装, 即将句子中的助动词、系动词、情态动词等置于主语之前。
2. Treat others in the way you want to be treated. ?
己所不欲, 勿施于人。
【句型公式】
(1)way表示“方式; 方法”时, 其后常接in which或that引导的定语从句, 也可以将in which或that省略掉, 此时关系词在从句中作状语。
(2)way后接定语从句时, 如果关系词在从句中作主语或宾语则用关系代词that/which, 作宾语时还可以省略。
(3)way表示“方式; 方法”时, 其后还可接动词不定式或of doing sth. 的形式。
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①The research suggests that stress may change the way ____ people make
choices in predictable ways.
②And you should keep it in mind that comparing notes with your classmates
frequently is a good way __________(improve) your study. ?
【单句改错】
③The way which he brought up the suggestion was acceptable. 词汇复现
_____________________________________________
that
to improve
去掉which或者在which前面加in或者which改为that
3. Cars were first used at the end of the nineteenth century, and were no faster than a horse. ?
人们最早使用汽车是在19世纪末, 而且当时的汽车跑得并不比马快。
【句型公式】
no +比较级+than. . . 和not+比较级+than的区别:
(1)no+比较级+than. . . “与……一样不……”表示该形容词或副词的相反含义, 是对比较的两个对象都进行否定, 相当于该形容词或副词原级的反义词使用as. . . as结构的意思。例如:
no better than = as bad as与……一样不好
no faster than = as slow as与……一样不快
(2)not +比较级+than “不如……”, 即表示在程度上前者不如后者。
【语境速测】 完成句子
①He is ____________an ordinary English teacher. ?
他只不过是个普通的英语老师。
②He was a kid really, _____________eighteen or nineteen. ?
他实际上还是个孩子, 最多不过十八九岁。
no more than
not more than
同义句转换
③She is not so clever as him, but she works harder.
→She is __________________he is, but she works harder. ?
④Neither this novel nor that one is interesting.
→This novel is ______________________that one. ?
not more clever than
no more interesting than
