核心素养测评十九 Module 1 Life in the Future
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
A
Imagine you enter a car with no steering wheel or no brake. Under a voice-activated command, you say an address. “The fastest route will take us 15. 3 minutes. Should I take it? ” You say “yes” and you are on your way. The car responds (做出回应)and starts moving all by itself. All you have to do is to sit back and relax.
How strange would it be if, one day in the future, everyone had such a car? No crazy driving, no quarrels, no cutting in; traffic laws would be respected and driving much safer. On the other hand, imagine the cost savings for local police enforcement (强制执行) and town budgets(预算) without all those speeding and parking tickets.
A new technology has the possibility to change modern society thoroughly. There’s no question that self-driving vehicles could be good. The accident statistics would drop: about 94% of road accidents in the U. S. are caused by man. Older drivers and people with disabilities would travel a lot. Keeping safe speeds and being electric, self-driving cars would sharply reduce pollution levels and depend on alternative energy. Roads would be quieter, people safer.
But we must also consider the effect of the new technology on those who now depend on driving for their living. The American Trucking Association lists about 3. 5 million professional truck drivers in the US. The companies developing self-driving vehicles should be partnering with state and federal authorities to offer retraining for this large workforce (劳动力).
New technologies will, and should, be developed. This is how society moves forward. However, progress can’t be one-sided. It is necessary for the companies and state agencies involved to consider the results of these possible changes to build a better future for all.
【文章大意】作者陈述了将来出现无人驾驶的汽车之后的利弊。
1. What would be the effect of the wide use of driverless cars?
A. More policemen would inspect the streets.
B. People would never feel angry about the traffic.
C. It would save local governments a lot of money.
D. Traffic regulations would be a thing of the past.
【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第二段的“. . . imagine the cost savings for local police enforcement and town budgets without all those speeding and parking tickets. ”可知, 如果未来每人都有一辆无人驾驶的汽车, 没有超速和停车的罚单, 对于当地警察的强制执行以及城市预算的费用会减少很多。由此可知选C。
2. How would driverless cars be good for the elderly and the disabled?
A. They would drive a car by themselves.
B. They could enjoy more travelling.
C. They would suffer no road accidents.
D. They could go anywhere they want.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第三段的“Older drivers and people with disabilities would travel a lot. ”可知, 无人驾驶的汽车能让老年人和残疾人多旅行。故选B。
3. What would be the bad effect of driverless cars?
A. The world would be full of unemployed drivers.
B. Many drivers would have to find new ways of making a living.
C. Drivers would have a hard time adapting to new road conditions.
D. Some departments of society would disappear.
【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第四段可知无人驾驶的汽车会影响职业司机, 研发自驾汽车的公司将会联合州和联邦政府为那么多劳动力提供再培训。由此可知选B。
4. What does the author suggest businesses and the government do?
A. Make new technologies helpful to everyone.
B. Improve people’s living standard.
C. Make new technologies affordable to everyone.
D. Make full use of new technologies.
【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据最后一段可知, 作者建议应该研发新技术, 但是有关的公司和国家机构应该考虑这些新技术带来的变化, 进步不能是片面的。由此可知, 作者建议新技术应该对所有人都有益。故选A。
【知识拓展】佳词积累
1. brake n. 车闸
2. voice-activated adj. 声控的
3. cut in 突然插到……前面
4. speed n. 速度 v. 超速
5. partner n. 伙伴 v. 与……合伙
6. involved adj. 有关的
B
For centuries, people have moved to and lived in cities. These urban centres are places to find work, friends and fun. It’s no surprise that they continue to grow as more and more people flood in hoping to make the most of the chances they offer but adding to the congestion and pollution that already exist.
According to a report by the United Nations, 54 per cent of the world’s population lives in urban areas and it predicts that by 2050, this figure will have increased to around 70 per cent. But as more and more people move from the countryside to the city to get better chances, they can end up with nowhere to live.
This is true in places such as Rio de Janeiro, where the people from the countryside can’t rent or buy a home, and they end up building their own communities and houses on unoccupied land. These are called shanty towns—poor communities where the houses are built out of cheap materials and often don’t have any electricity or water supply.
These are, of course, not the future cities we want to see. Some serious urban planning is needed to make our cities of the future good, safe and modern places to live in. This involves improving the housing conditions, the chances for education and employment and so on.
Something urban planners are looking at now is the creation of “smart cities”. According to John Rossant, founder and chairman of the non-profit organisation New Cities Foundation, technology is the way forward. He thinks that it’s generally accepted that “cloud computing, ubiquitous internet, robust 5G networks etc, will change our cities. ” He says technology is really “a game changer”, in urbanization (城市化). It would collect large amounts of data about how a city is working and may improve how a city functions.
【文章大意】未来城市的发展会是什么样的? 随着人们移居城市追求更好的工作和生活, 城市人口增长, 城市发展将面临很多机遇和挑战。
5. Why will a larger population be living in a city by 2050?
A. Because more people will move into it to get more good opportunities.
B. Because more people will have more children.
C. Because the countryside will disappear.
D. Because the government encourages the development of cities.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第一段的“It’s no surprise that they continue to grow as more and more people flood in hoping to make the most of the chances they offer. . . ”以及第二段的“more and more people move from the countryside to the city to get better chances”可知, 随着人们移居城市追求更好的工作和生活, 城市继续扩大, 人口继续增长。故选A。
6. What can we know about shanty towns?
A. They have good quality housing built for poor people.
B. They are filled with people living under poverty.
C. They are built by the government.
D. They are developed and modern.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第三段的“These are called shanty towns—poor communities where the houses are built out of cheap materials and often don’t have any electricity or water supply. ”可知。
7. What name is given to a city that uses technology to help it function properly?
A. Traditional cities. B. Future cities.
C. Smart cities. D. Developing cities.
【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知, 利用高科技使城市运转, 这样的城市被称作“smart cities智能城市”。故选C。
【知识拓展】长难句分析
It’s no surprise that they continue to grow as more and more people flood in hoping to make the most of the chances they offer but adding to the congestion and pollution that already exist.
分析: it作形式主语, that they continue to grow 是真正的主语从句。as引导原因状语从句, 在状语从句中, hoping to make the most of the chances they offer和 adding to the congestion and pollution that already exist是两个现在分词短语作状语。在这两个现在分词短语中又有两个定语从句, 它们分别是they offer和that already exist。前者修饰先行词chances, 后者修饰congestion and pollution。
翻译: 它们继续变大是不足为奇的, 因为越来越多的人涌进来, 希望利用它们提供的机会, 但是却增加了已经存在的拥挤和污染。
Ⅱ. 完形填空
(2020·哈尔滨模拟)
I used to go to the gym a lot, so when I started to get pains in my neck, I just assumed I had pulled something. But when I couldn’t 1 my neck or look left, right, up or down, I went to the doctor and I was told that I had a rare type of cancer that 2 the throat. It was 3 . At the time I was 4 twenty. ?
Having cancer and getting 5 influenced a lot of things. The side effects from my treatment were really bad. I couldn’t work, and I wasn’t able to go out with my friends. I would rather not go through it. 6 , the youth support volunteers encouraged me to keep going, which gave me the motivation to 7 treatment. Besides, my family was really there to 8 me, and it drew us 9 . ?
During my treatment, I 10 new friends through Teenage Cancer Trust’s social events. They were 11 people who had been through cancer as well. The conversation between us 12 more easily as we had things in common. I 13 them to stay optimistic. ?
As I 14 working out, now I want to become a health 15 to guide young people suffering from cancer. They often lose or gain a lot of weight, which can affect their 16 . So I can use my 17 to help them get back to fitness. I lost much weight and I’m trying to 18 it so I can be an inspiration for them. In a way, I see having cancer as a 19 thing. It was a test for me and I am now going down a better 20 . ?
【文章大意】作者经历了癌症后加入志愿者队伍, 帮助那些患癌症的年轻人恢复健康。
1. A. scratch B. hold C. lift D. pull
【解析】选C。此处指我不能抬起我的脖子, 不能上下左右地看。scratch抓, 擦; hold抓住; lift举起, 抬起; pull拉。
2. A. demanded B. injected
C. displayed D. affected
【解析】选D。我去看医生, 医生告诉我我患了一种罕见的癌症, 它影响我的喉咙。demand要求; inject注射; display展示; affect影响。
3. A. scary B. clumsy C. lucky D. exciting
【解析】选A。被告知得了癌症, 这是吓人的。scary吓人的; clumsy笨拙的; lucky幸运的; exciting令人激动的。
4. A. also B. still C. only D. even
【解析】选C。那时我只有20岁。also也; still仍然; only只有; even甚至。
5. A. experiment B. treatment
C. donation D. experience
【解析】选B。此处指患癌症和接受治疗影响了许多事情。根据下一句的treatment可以猜出答案。experiment实验; treatment治疗; donation捐赠; experience经历, 经验。
6. A. Actually B. Eventually
C. Fortunately D. Gradually
【解析】选C。此处指幸运的是, 青年支持志愿者们鼓励我坚持下去。actually实际上; eventually最后; fortunately幸运的是; gradually逐渐地。
7. A. focus on B. carry on
C. take on D. depend on
【解析】选B。此处指(他们的鼓励)激励我继续治疗。focus on集中于; carry on继续; take on雇用, 呈现; depend on依靠。
8. A. realize B. believe
C. support D. consult
【解析】选C。此处指我的家人也支持我。realize实现, 意识到; believe相信; support支持; consult咨询。
9. A. closer B. further C. cleverer D. worse
【解析】选A。此处指家人的支持使我们关系更加亲密。close亲密的; far远的; clever聪明的; bad糟糕的。
10. A. shared B. exchanged
C. avoided D. made
【解析】选D。此处指我在治疗期间结交了新朋友。make friends交朋友。
11. A. lovely B. young C. mature D. smart
【解析】选B。根据前面一句中的Teenage Cancer Trust’s social events可知, 作者结交的朋友都是患过癌症的年轻人。lovely可爱的; young年轻的; mature成熟的; smart聪明的, 时髦的。
12. A. flowed B. hit
C. applied D. discussed
【解析】选A。因为我们有很多共同点所以我们的谈话很顺畅。flow流出, (谈话、文体等)流畅; hit打击; apply申请, 应用; discuss讨论。
13. A. inspired B. discouraged
C. warned D. wished
【解析】选A。我激励他们保持乐观。inspire激励; discourage使气馁; warn警告; wish希望。
14. A. admit B. imagine C. admire D. love
【解析】选D。此处指因为我热爱锻炼, 我想成为一个健身教练来指导患癌症的年轻人。admit承认; imagine想象; admire钦佩; love热爱。
15. A. patient B. coach C. minister D. doctor
【解析】选B。health coach健身教练。
16. A. delight B. process
C. trouble D. health
【解析】选D。他们经常体重减少或者体重增加, 这都影响他们的健康。delight高兴; process过程; trouble麻烦; health健康。
17. A. grades B. qualification
C. impression D. problem
【解析】选B。此处指我能利用我的(健身教练的)资格帮助他们恢复健康。grade年级, 成绩; qualification资格, 合格证书; impression印象; problem问题。
18. A. recall B. return C. regain D. review
【解析】选C。我的体重减了很多, 我想再次增加体重。recall回忆; return回来, 归还; regain重新获得; review复习。
19. A. positive B. negative
C. depressed D. moved
【解析】选A。在某种程度上, 我把患癌症看作是一件好事。positive积极的, 正面的; negative消极的; depressed感到沮丧的; moved感动的。
20. A. role B. concern
C. behavior D. path
【解析】选D。患癌症对我来说是一次考验, 我现在正沿着一条更好的路前行。role作用, 角色; concern关心; behavior行为; path小径, 路。
【知识拓展】佳词积累
1. pain n. 疼痛
2. neck n. 脖子
3. go through 经历
4. draw sb. close 把某人拉近
5. motivation n. 动力, 积极性
6. work out 锻炼
Ⅲ. 语法填空
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Simpsons, a 31-year-old TV show, has seen some very famous faces and made some correct predictions.
Do you remember in 2000, 1. The Simpsons predicted that Donald Trump would one day be President of the United States? Back then, it seemed 2. (possible)—nothing but a joke. However, 17 years later, the joke became a 3. (real). ?
Trump’s 4. (become) President is just one of the fun predictions
5. (make) by the long-running TV show that have come true. Other predictions include America’s Ebola breakout and the invention of Face Time. ?
However, the TV show predicted one most recent major event in an episode(一集) 20 years ago. In December, 2017, in a deal worth￡40 billion, Walt Disney agreed 6. (take) control of 20th Century Fox.
Aside from the fact 7. this is a large amount of money, this news is even more shocking because of The Simpsons. In the episode titled “When You Dish Upon A Star” which aired on November 8, 1998, one scene 8. (show)the outside of the 20th Century Fox studio. Under the famous logo it reads “A Division of Walt Disney Co”. ?
Unbelievable, right?
Our only question is—what other 9. (amaze) happenings will The Simpsons predict next? Let’s wait 10. the answer patiently. ?
【文章大意】《辛普森一家》的神预言让我们难以置信。
1. 【解析】when。when引导定语从句修饰2000, 关系副词when在定语从句中作时间状语。
2. 【解析】impossible。根据破折号后面的nothing but a joke(只是一个笑话)可知, 此处指在那时好像是不可能的。
【知识拓展】im-前缀
im-前缀常放在以字母p, m开头的形容词前面。如: impolite无礼的; impractical不实际的; immoral 不道德的; immature不成熟的。
3. 【解析】reality。根据空前面的不定冠词a可知, 此处需要用名词。
4. 【解析】becoming。Trump’s becoming President在此处作主语, 名词所有格后面接动词的-ing形式。
5. 【解析】made。made by the long-running TV show是过去分词短语作定语修饰predictions。make和predictions之间是被动关系, 且此动作发生在过去, 所以用过去分词。
6. 【解析】to take。agree to do sth. 同意做某事。
7. 【解析】that。that在此处引导同位语从句, 作fact的同位语。
8. 【解析】showed。空处缺谓语。根据前面的1998可知此处用一般过去时。
9. 【解析】amazing。此处表示“发生的惊人的事情”。amazing表示“惊人的”。
10. 【解析】for。wait for等候。
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必修4
Module 1 Life in the Future
内容索引
核心素养测评
Step 1 以高考为导向·印证教材基础
Step 2 以核心为根本·探究课堂重点
Step 3 以检测为载体·提升语基能力
Step 4 以话题为主线·锤炼素养技能
1. command n. 命令; 指令; 指挥; 掌握 vt. &vi. 命令; 指挥
【写作金句】
I have a good command of English so I think I am suitable for the job.
我精通英语, 所以我认为我适合这份工作。
【语块必记】
(1)at sb. ’s command 受某人支配
in command of 指挥, 控制
under the command of sb. 在某人的负责/指挥下
take command of 控制, 负责……的指挥
have a good command of 精通, 很好地掌握
(2)command sb. to do sth. 命令某人做……
command that. . . (should) do 命令……
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①The police arrived and took command __ the situation.
②For the first time of years she felt __ command of her life. ?
③The committee commanded that work on the building ____________(come)
to an end. ?
④My father commanded me _______(have) a good command of French and
Spanish. ?
of
in
(should) come
to have
【误区释疑】
command后面跟从句时, 从句谓语动词用“(should+)do”, 具有相同的用法的动词还有; insist, order, suggest, advise, recommend, request, require, ask, demand, urge等。
2. charge n. 费用; 价钱; 负责, 掌管 vt. &vi. 使承担责任; 收费, 要价; 控告; 充电
【写作金句】
Knowing that you are interested in Chinese, I want to invite you to attend the Chinese classes this Sunday morning, which are free of charge.
知道你对汉语感兴趣, 我想邀请你这个周日早上去上一些免费的中文课。
【语块必记】
【巧学助记】
【语境速测】
一句多译
上个月我们的经理不在时, 史密斯先生负责整个工厂了。
①Last month when our manager was absent, Mr Smith ________________
____________. ?
②Last month when our manager was absent, Mr Smith _________________
____________. ?
③Last month when our manager was absent, ________________________
________Mr Smith. ?
took charge of the
whole factory
was in charge of the
whole factory
the whole factory was in the
charge of
【单句改错】
④The man was charged of stealing electric bicycles in the neighborhood.
_______________________________
⑤The storekeeper commanded that the salesgirl should charge the customer
with 40 dollars for the T-shirt.
________
of改为with, 或charged改为accused
去掉with
3. attach vt. &vi. 系; 贴; 连接; (使)附属; (使)隶属
【写作金句】
We attach importance to education and encourage constant learning and thinking.
我们重视教育, 鼓励不断地学习和思考。
【语块必记】
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①Now you can buy cameras that attach __ your wrist, ear, bike helmet and
eyeglasses.
②The middle school ________ (attach) to Beijing Normal University is
well-known across the country.
完成句子
③Nearly everyone _________________, whether it is the sea, canals, rivers
or the village pond. ?
几乎每个人都喜欢水, 不管是大海、运河、河流还是村里的水塘。
to
attached
is attached to water
4. run out(某物)用完; 不多了; 没有了
【写作金句】
With my money running out, I had to go to the bank to withdraw some of my savings out.
我的钱快花完了, 我不得不去银行取一些积蓄。
run out of 用完, 耗尽, 没有
run across 跑着穿过; 偶然碰见
run after 追捕; 跟踪; 追求
run away 跑开; 逃走
run into 撞上; 偶然遇见; 遇到(困难等)
in the long run 从长远来看
【语境速测】 选用以上短语的适当形式填空
①Some people who are charged with breaking a law just think they _________
good luck. ?
②My ink _______during the test, so I had to borrow a pen from the teacher. ?
③Seeing the police, the thief ________. ?
④When I _____________a new word, I often look it up in the dictionary but I
know _____________this learning method will not help me improve. ?
run out of
ran out
ran away
run into/across
in the long run
5. get rid of摆脱; 去除; 除掉; 处理掉
【写作金句】
It is easy for people to slide into the bad habits such as smoking and drinking, which are hard to get rid of.
人们很容易染上一些难以去掉的坏习惯, 如吸烟、喝酒。
【语块必记】
(1)rid sb. /oneself of sth. 使某人/自己摆脱/除去某事
(2)get away from 避免; 离开; 逃离
get away with 做某事不受惩罚
get across 使被理解; 通过
get down to 开始着手做……
get over 克服
get through 通过, 完成, 接通(电话)
【语境速测】 用get动词短语的适当形式填空
①The doctor attaches importance to ____________electronic cigarettes because
they also make smokers addicted to them. ?
②Don’t try to cheat in the examination because you will never ____________
it. ?
③We’ve just moved into a bigger house and there’s a lot to do so we must
__________it. ?
getting rid of
get away with
get down to
【单句改错】
④Try your best to rid yourself poverty and you will live a better life.
_______________
yourself后面加of
6. I’m too busy enjoying my life now to worry about the future! 我现在忙于享受生活, 而无暇为未来担忧! ?
【文化金句】
The young men who rely on their parents too much to live on their own are called “giant babies”.
过分依赖父母而不会独立生存的年轻人被称为“巨婴”。
【句型公式】
(1)too. . . to do sth. “太……而不能做某事”
(2)某些形容词与too. . . to. . . 句型连用时, too(=very)表示肯定的意义。这些形容词多为表示情感的词, 如glad, pleased, surprised, delighted, happy, easy, willing, ready, eager, anxious等。
(3)在too前加上only, but, all, simply或just时, “too. . . to”结构表示肯定意义, 此时too带有赞赏的感彩。
(4)“too. . . to. . . ”结构和never, not等否定副词连用时, 表示肯定意义, 意为“无论……也不过分, 越……越好”。
【语境速测】 完成句子
①He is ________________________________without it. ?
他太依恋他的智能手机以至于没有它就不能生活。
②I’m ______________you will come to our school. ?
听说你要来我们学校我感到非常高兴。
③As a saying goes, it’s ___________________. ?
俗话说, 亡羊补牢为时未晚。
too attached to his smartphone to live
too glad to hear
never too late to mend
【备选要点】
1. alternative adj. 替换的; 供选择的 n. 可供选择的事物
【语块必记】
have no alternative but to do sth. 除了做某事别无选择
an alternative to. . . ……的替代品
have the alternative of doing sth. 有做某事的选择
【知识拓展】 表示“别无选择只好做某事”的短语:
(1)can’t but do sth.
(2)have no choice but to do sth.
(3)can’t help but do sth.
(4)can’t choose but do sth.
(5)do nothing but do sth.
【语境速测】 完成句子
①With coal and oil running out, we _____________________________
________________, such as sunlight, wind and water for power. ?
由于煤和石油正在耗尽, 我们除了开发可替换能源, 如太阳能、风能和水力外
别无选择。
②Snack has become ______________three meals for some young people. ?
零食已经成为一些年轻人一日三餐的替代品。
③We __________________________________. ?
我们可以选择学习俄语。
have no alternative but to explore
alternative energy
an alternative of
have the alternative of learning Russian
2. shape vt. 造成……形状; 塑造 n. 形状; 体形
【语块必记】
(1)shape. . . into. . . 把……加工/塑造成……
be shaped like 外形像
(2)be in good/bad shape 情况良好/不佳; 健康良好/不佳
out of shape 变(走)样; 不成样子; 身体不舒服, 生病
in the shape of 某种形状的, 呈……的形状
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①A new road, _______ (shape) like an L, is being built in our hometown.
②The children enjoy shaping the snow ____ figures of people and animals.
③The runner who got the first prize was __ good shape, and some people out
__shape admired him for his figure. ?
shaped
into
in
of
3. rely on(=rely upon=depend on/upon)依靠, 依赖; 信任
【写作金句】 When running into difficulty, we should rely on ourselves. 遇到困难时, 我们应该依靠我们自己。
【语块必记】
(1)rely on/upon sb. to do sth. =rely on/upon sb. /sb. ’s doing sth. 相信(依赖)某人做某事
rely on sb. for sth. 依靠某人提供某事物
rely on it that. . . 指望/相信……
(2)reliable adj. 可依靠的; 可依赖的
【知识拓展】
在rely on it that. . . 结构中, it作形式宾语, 代替that引导的真正的宾语从句。类似的还有:
①depend on it that. . . 放心好了, 请相信……
②take it for granted that. . . 认为……是理所当然的
③appreciate it+if从句 如果……, 将不胜感激
④like/hate it+when从句 喜欢/痛恨……的时候
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①Nowadays the children rely more on their parents __________(do)
everything for them. ?
②You may rely on __ that the work will be finished ahead of time.
③People say Daniel is _______ (rely) and honest; somehow, I don’t feel I
can trust him.
doing/to do
it
reliable
4. Not all predictions come true. ?
并不是所有的预言都会成为现实。
【句型公式】
(1)all, both, each, every, everybody, everything, complete, completely, always, whole, wholly, entirely, altogether等具有总括意义的代词、形容词和副词与否定词not连用, 构成部分否定, 表示“不都, 并非都”。
(2)no, none, never, nobody, nothing, neither, no one, nowhere, no more, no longer等表示否定意义的词与肯定式谓语一起使用构成全部否定。
【语境速测】 一句多译
①不是所有人都支持这个计划。
________________for the plan. ?
=________________for the plan. ?
=______________for the plan. ?
完成句子
Not all people are
All people are not
Some people are
②_____________that we need can be bought with money. ?
我们需要的一切并非都能用钱买到。
③A man of learning is __________a man of wisdom. ?
有学问的人并非总是有智慧的人。
④_______ is difficult for one who sets his mind on it.
世上无难事, 只怕有心人。
Not everything
not always
Nothing
