高考三轮冲刺 决胜高考-高考模拟试卷 2（原卷与解析卷）

三轮复习 决胜高考
高考模拟试卷2(解析版)
黑龙江哈尔滨 邱尚瑛

普通高等学校招生统一考试
英语模拟试卷
（考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：150分）
注意事项：
1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2.作答时，务必将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷及草稿纸上无效。
3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分 听力
听力共两节，满分30分。
【温馨提示】 做题时，先要将答案标在试卷上。等录音内容结束后，将会有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节共5小题，每小题1.5分，满分7.5分；第二节共15小题，每小题1.5分，满分22.5分。
详见：《高考三轮 决胜高考--听力冲刺卷》（包括音频、听力原文+答案与解析）
https://book.21cnjy.com/store/73942.shtml (?https:?/??/?book.21cnjy.com?/?store?/?73942.shtml?)

第二部分 阅读理解 (共两节，满分40分)
第一节 (共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

A
A 2 billion year old Martian rock appeals to have at our time been full of water from the surface of the Red Planet.
“Here we have a piece of Mars that I can hold in my hands. That’s really exciting,” Carl Agee, director of the Institute of Meteoritics at the University of New Mexico, told the Associated Press.
Agee led a team of scientists who published their report on the newly discovered meteorite，nicknamed Black Beauly, The rock is estimated to have contained 6,000 parts per million water, and scientists believe it likely interacted with water at a time when most of the planet’s surface was believed to have been arid.
The baseball-size rock was discovered in the Sahara, and scientists say it contains more evidence of water than any of the other known Martian rock samples.
“It’s fairly fresh. It hasn’t been subjected to a whole lot of weathering，” University of Alberta meteorite expert Chris Herd told the AP.
Billions of years ago an eruption on the surface of Mars, likely caused by a volcano or planet collision, sent the rock into space, where it eventually made the journey to Earth, Agee and his team said the sample is “strikingly similar to the volcanic rocks examined by the NASA rovers Spirit and Opportunity on the Martian surface.”
Over the years, scientists have collected more than 60 Martian rock samples, with most being discovered in the Sahara and Antarctica. The new sample is much older than most of the other specimens, which are about 600 million years old or younger. The oldest known sample is an estimated 4.5 billion years old.
21. The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refers to “________”.
A. Mara B. the Red Planet C. Black Beauty D. the report
22. Where was the meteorite found?
A. In I he Sahara. B. In Antarctica. C. In Mars. D. In America.
23. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A. Black Beauty has the size of a baseball.
B. Blank Beauty contains the most evidence of water among the known Martian rock samples.
C. An eruption on the surface of Mars sent the rock into Earth directly.
D. Black Beauty is not the oldest known sample.
24. Where can we most probably read this text?
A. In a personal diary. B. In a science report.
C. In a travel magazine. D. In a geography textbook.
【答案与解析】 本文是一篇科学类报道，主要描述了有关在撒哈拉沙漠被发现的火星陨石----黑美人（Black Beauty）。
21. C 细节理解题，通过阅读这一段中的“… nicknamed Black Beauly, The rock is estimated to have contained 6,000 parts per million water? and scientists believe it likely interacted with，…”即可看出it指的是黑美人。故选C。
22. A 细节理解题，根据第四段第一句话的前半句即可得知“The baseball-size rock was discovered in the Sahara, …”，故选A。
23. C 细节理解题，根据所给答案快速阅读文章可知文章第四段提到了“黑美人有棒球那么大（The baseball-size rock）”和“这块岩石估计含水6000PPM（The rock is estimated to have contained 6,000 parts per million water）”；文章最后一句告诉我们“已知最古老的样本估计有45亿年的历史（The oldest known sample is an estimated 4.5 billion years old）”，显然比黑美人跟古老。因此可以排除C。再者，文章没有说“An eruption on the surface of Mars sent the rock into Earth directly（火星表面的一次喷发将岩石直接送入地球）”，事实上是先“将岩石送入太空，然后才到达地球”，不是直接送入地球（几十亿年前，火星表面的一次喷发，可能是由火山或行星碰撞引起的，将岩石送入太空，并最终到达地球）。故选C。
24. B 推理判断题，文章介绍的是有关火星陨石的一些专业的知识，故选B。
【文章大意】
一块有20亿年历史的火星岩石吸引着当代的我们，它充满了这个红色星球表面上的水。
新墨西哥大学陨石学学院院长卡尔·阿吉告诉美联社记者说：“我这里有一块可以拿在手中的火星，这真的很令人兴奋”。
阿吉领导了一个科学家小组，他们发表了关于新发现的被昵称为“黑美人”陨石的报告，这块岩石估计含水6000PPM。科学家相信，这表明在这个星球大部分干燥多尘的时候，地表附近的水会发生相互作用。
这个棒球大小的岩石是在撒哈拉沙漠被发现的，科学家说,黑美人比其他已知的火星岩石样品含有更多的水的证据。阿尔伯塔大学的陨石专家克里斯·克劳德告诉美联社记者：“它相当新鲜，没有经受过太多的风化。”
几十亿年前，火星表面的一次喷发，可能是由火山或行星碰撞引起的，将岩石送入太空，并最终到达地球。阿吉和他的团队说样品“与美国宇航局‘漫游者精神号’和‘机遇号’在火星表面探测到的火山岩非常相似”。
多年来，科学家们已经收集了60多个火星岩石样品，其中大多数是在撒哈拉和南极洲发现的。新样本比其他大多数样本都要古老得多，这些样本大约有6亿年或更年轻。已知最古老的样本估计有45亿年的历史。

B
We've all seen movies in which a character has a retinal scan to prove his or her identity before walking into a top-secret installation. That's an example of a biometric system. In general, biometrics is a collection of measures of human physiology and behavior. A biometric system could scan a person's fingerprint or analyze the way he or she types on a keyboard. The purpose of most biometric systems is to authenticate a person's claimed identity.
Biometrics tend to be more convenient than other methods of identity authentication. You might forget your ID at home when you head out the door, but you'll still be able to use biometric devices. Imagine verifying your identity while at the store by swiping your finger across a sensor.
But along with convenience and security comes a concern for privacy. For biometrics to work, there needs to be a database containing the relevant information for each individual authorized by the system. For example, at that top-secret installation, every employee's biometric signature would have to be recorded so that the scanners could verify each person's identity.This might not present much of a problem on its own. If the only data the system stores relates to the actual biometric measurements, privacy violations are at a minimum. But by their very nature, biometric systems collect more information than just the users' fingerprints, retinal patterns or other biometric data. At a basic level, most systems will record when and where a person is at the time of a scan.
?You might think of fingerprint or retinal scanners when you hear the word biometrics, but the term has a broader definition. Facial recognition technology falls into the biometric category. There are already several cameras on the market that can detect faces. A few are able to recognize and remember a group of faces. You just take a picture of a friend, tag the photo and the camera will automatically tag any future photos of that friend. It's both cool and creepy.Imagine using this technology in public places to identify the people passing through. For example, a major city might install cameras at high-traffic areas to scan for terrorists or identify criminals. While the motivation for using that technology might be pure, it creates difficult privacy issues. The city would have a record of everyone who passed through that neighborhood. The technology treats everyone as a suspect as if it's only a matter of time before each of us commits a crime. And what happens if the technology makes a mistake and misidentifies someone? Weather conditions, clothing, hairstyles and even the cleanliness of the lens could affect the ability of the camera to identify people. Critics might ask: Why install a system that's unreliable?
What happens if a person suffers an illness or injury that changes his or her appearance? Such a change could present problems with biometrics. Adjusting the biometric system to accommodate the change could also result in a violation of the user's privacy. The system administrator now knows more details about the user.
A society with pervasive biometric systems would make anonymity a virtual impossibility. Should that society become oppressive or otherwise abusive to the population, the citizens would have few opportunities to react without revealing their own identities.
Groups like the Biometrics Institute are aware of privacy concerns and strive to create processes to limit the chance for biometric applications to violate a person's privacy. Other groups advocate that companies, governments and other organizations conduct a privacy assessment before installing a biometric system. With vigilance and caution, we may find a way to incorporate biometrics into our lives and still maintain our privacy.
25. According to paragraph 1, what can we infer about biometrics?
A. It hasn’t been applied to real life so far.
B. Its purpose is unknown.
C. It can only scan a person's fingerprint.
D. It collects measures of human physiology and behavior.
26. What advantage does biometrics have over other methods of identity authentication?
A. Not mentioned
B. More convenient
C. More efficient
D. Not mentioned
27. What is the nature of biometric systems ?
A. Collecting the information only about the users' fingerprints, retinal patterns or other biometric data.
B. Not mentioned
C. Recording when and where a person is at the time of a scan apart from biometric data.
D. Collecting the information only about some biometric data.
28. Which of the following can be the best title for the text ?
A. The convinence biometrics brings
B. The influence of biometrics on human beings
C. The future develpoment of biometrics
D. The negative effect biometrics has on our privacy
【答案与解析】
文章围绕生物特征识别系统这个话题展开论述，作者前面描述了生物特征识别系统给人类带来了各种好处，但后面出现转折，描述了生物特征识别系统侵犯了人们的隐私以及呼吁针对这个问题所采取的一些措施。
25. D 推断题，定位到文章第一段“In general, biometrics is a collection of measures of human physiology and behavior”，得知此题选D，一般来说，生物识别是收集测定人体生理和行为指标的。
26. B 事实细节题，问题是：生物识别技术比其他身份认证方法有什么优势？定位到文章第二段“Biometrics tend to be more convenient than other methods of identity authentication”，生物特征识别往往比其他身份认证方法更方便。因此，此题选B。
27. C 事实细节题，问题是：生物识别系统的本质是什么？定位到文章第三段“But by their very nature, biometric systems collect more information than just the users' fingerprints, retinal patterns or other biometric data. At a basic level, most systems will record when and where a person is at the time of a scan”，但就其本质而言，生物识别系统收集的信息不仅仅是用户的指纹、视网膜模式或其他生物识别数据。在基本级别上，大多数系统都会记录扫描时人员的时间和位置。所以，此题选C。
28. D 主旨大意题，通过对全文认真分析和理解，得知此题选D。
【文章大意】
我们都看过这样的电影：一个角色在进入一个绝密的装置前，通过视网膜扫描来证明他或她的身份。这是一个生物识别系统的例子。一般来说，生物测定学是人类生理学和行为学的一个集合。生物识别系统可以扫描一个人的指纹或分析他或她在键盘上键入的方式。大多数生物识别系统的目的是验证一个人声称的身份。
生物特征识别往往比其他身份认证方法更方便。出门时，你可能会忘记自己的身份证，但你仍然可以使用生物识别设备。想象一下，在商店里用手指划过传感器来验证你的身份。
但是，伴随着便利和安全，隐私也受到了关注。要使生物特征识别工作，需要有一个数据库，其中包含系统授权的每个人的相关信息。例如，在这个绝密装置中，每个员工的生物特征签名都必须被记录下来，这样扫描仪就可以验证每个人的身份。这本身可能不会带来太多问题。如果系统存储的唯一数据与实际的生物特征测量相关，则至少会侵犯隐私。但从本质上说，生物特征系统收集的信息不仅仅是用户的指纹、视网膜图案或其他生物特征数据。在基本级别上，大多数系统都会记录扫描时人员的时间和位置。
当你听到生物识别这个词时，你可能会想到指纹或视网膜扫描仪，但这个词有一个更广泛的定义。面部识别技术属于生物识别技术。市场上已经有几个摄像头可以检测人脸。一些人能够识别和记忆一组面孔。你只需给一个朋友拍张照片，给照片加上标签，相机就会自动给他将来的任何照片加上标签。既酷又恐怖。
想象一下，在公共场所使用这种技术来识别经过的人。例如，一个大城市可能会在交通繁忙的地区安装摄像头，以扫描恐怖分子或识别罪犯。虽然使用这项技术的动机可能是纯粹的，但它会造成难以解决的隐私问题。这座城市将记录所有经过那个街区的人。这项技术把每个人都当作嫌疑犯对待，好像我们每个人犯罪只是时间问题。
如果技术出了错，误认了某人，会发生什么？天气状况、衣服、发型甚至镜头的清洁度都会影响相机识别人的能力。批评者可能会问：为什么要安装一个不可靠的系统？如果一个人患病或受伤，改变了他或她的外表，会发生什么？这种变化可能会给生物特征学带来问题。调整生物识别系统以适应变化也可能导致侵犯用户隐私。系统管理员现在了解用户的更多详细信息。一个拥有普及生物特征识别系统的社会将使匿名成为一种虚拟的不可能。如果社会变得压迫或以其他方式虐待人口，公民将几乎没有机会在不暴露自己身份的情况下作出反应。
像生物识别研究所这样的团体意识到隐私问题，并努力创建流程，以限制生物识别应用程序侵犯个人隐私的机会。其他团体主张，公司、政府和其他组织在安装生物识别系统之前进行隐私评估。警惕和谨慎，我们可能会找到一种方法，将生物特征融入我们的生活，并仍然保持我们的隐私。

C
Every Wednesday，I go to Cantata Adult Life Services，a local retirement community in Brookfield，Illinois，US，with my classmates to do community service．
Our visits last about an hour，and we bring 25—30 students every time．We play board games and cards with the elderly while we’re there．
You can watch all the movies and TV shows you want about “life back then”，but nothing compares to talking to the people who were actually there．Just hearing their stories has touched me in a way I never thought possible．
Whether it was talking to 98-year-old “Hurricane Hilda” about her glory days as a roller skater or chatting with Lou about the times she danced with a famous actor，I was completely mesmerized by every single memory the elderly wanted to share with me．Even those who don’t have amazing memories make the experience fulfilling．I remember visiting Mrs Robinson．She couldn’t recall much about her past，but she told me she’d never forget how kind I was just to listen to her．It made me realize that it’s the little things that make life worth living．
If there’s one thing I’ve realized in my three years of visiting Cantata，it’s that presence——just being there—means more than anything to many of them．And despite how busy our lives are，there’s always time to make someone’s day．
29. Why does the author go to Cantata Adult Life Services regularly?
A. To play board games.
B. To visit the elderly.
C. To watch movies.
D. To share stories.
30. The underlined word “mesmerized” in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to“_______”.
A. confused B. annoyed C. encouraged D. attracted
31. What may be the most important to the elderly according to the author?
A. Staying with them.
B. The special old days.
C. Showing patience.
D. Amazing experiences.
【答案与解析】
本文属于故事类文章，讲述作者去敬老院做义工的经历，并从该经历收获了很多。
29.B 细节理解题。根据第一段Every Wednesday，I go to Cantata Adult Life Services，a local retirement community in Brookfield，Illinois，US，with my classmates to do community service．可知，作者去敬老院的目的是慰问老人，故选B。
30.D 猜测词义题。根据第四段I was completely mesmerized by every single memory the elderly wanted to share with me．Even those who don’t have amazing memories make the experience fulfilling(充实的)．可知，作者被老人的经历所吸引，故选D。
31.A 细节理解题。根据最后一段 If there’s one thing I’ve realized in my three years of visiting Cantata，it’s that presence——just being there—means more than anything to many of them．可知本题答案为A。
【文章大意】
每周三，我都会和同学们一起去伊利诺伊州布鲁克菲尔德当地的退休社区Cantata成人生活服务中心做社区服务。
我们的探访持续了大约一个小时，每次都会带上25-30名学生，我们在那里和老人玩棋盘游戏和打牌。
你可以看所有你想看的关于“昔日的生活”的电影和电视节目，但是没有什么比和那些在那儿的人交谈，仅仅是听到他们那些我认为从来都不可能做到的事情更能让我感动。
无论是和98岁的“飓风希尔达”谈论她滑旱冰的辉煌岁月，还是和卢聊她和一位著名演员跳舞的时光，我都被老人们想和我分享的每一个记忆深深地迷住了，即使是那些没有令人惊奇的记忆的人，也让这段经历变得充实。我记得去看望罗宾逊太太那次，她记不起自己的过去，但她告诉我她永远不会忘记我有多好，能一直在听她讲话。这使我意识到，正是这些小事才让生活变得有价值。
如果说我在三年的大合唱之旅中意识到一件事的话，那就是在场对他们中的许多人来说意义非凡。尽管我们的生活很忙，但总有时间来庆祝某人的一天。

D
Julian Treasure cares very deeply for your ears. That’s why he’s given TED talks like “The 4 ways sound affects us” and “Why architects need to use their ears.” Treasure is on a mission to make policymakers, engineers, architects and, well, everyone think more about what they hear around them — because the way things sound have a tangible, measurable effect on how we feel, how we heal, how we work and how we live.
To this end, Treasure’s The Sound Agency has teamed up with Biamp Systems to create a white paper called “Building in Sound,” a look at the data linking sound and well-being.
“This paper is based on exhaustive review of academic papers, and reports from national governments and multinational bodies, going back some 40 years,” it begins. “The research examines the causes and impacts of sound on our health, recovery from illness or surgery, our ability to absorb information and learn, our productivity, and general sense of well-being.”
Read the paper in full, or check out some of the most fascinating facts below.
The estimated cost of noise pollution is $30.8 billion a year — and that’s just in Europe. The World Health Organization Europe’s 2011 report, “Burden of disease from environmental noise,” analyzes the relationship between environmental noise and health. In this study, they calculate the financial cost of lost work days, health care treatment, impaired learning and decreased productivity due to noise. The total they came up with is staggering, considering they’re looking at just one continent.
Each year, noise pollution takes a day off the life of every adult and child in Europe. This same study also looked at the cost of noise pollution in terms of lost life expectancy. Shockingly, they determined that every 365 days, one million years are taken off European’s collective life expectancy — averaging to a day per person.
If you can hear someone talking while you’re reading or writing, your productivity dips by up to 66%. Open floor-plan offices distract workers without them even noticing it. In a classic study published in the British Journal of Psychology in 1998, researchers found that employers were highly distracted when they could hear conversation around them, and less able to perform their duties. Another classic study found that noise in the office also correlated to increased stress hormone levels and a lower willingness to engage with others. According to Sound Agency case study, when sound masking technology was used in an office, there was a 46% improvement in employees’ ability to concentrate and their short term memory accuracy increased 10 percent.
The average noise level in many classrooms is not just associated with impaired learning — but with permanent hearing loss. Noise can deeply affect learning too. The WHO recommends a noise level in classrooms akin to that you’d find in a library — 35 decibels. However, a study in Germany found that the actual average noise volume in classrooms is 65 decibels — a level associated with permanent hearing loss. As Treasure outlines in this talk, for a student sitting in the fourth row of a traditional classroom, speech intelligibility is just 50 percent — meaning that they only hear half of what their teacher says.
A 20 decibel increase in aircraft noise is enough to delay a student’s reading level by up to 8 months. A study published in the American Journal of Epidemiology in 2006 looked at 2000 students between the ages of 9 and 10 in schools in The Netherlands, Spain and the U.K. — many in schools near airports. They found that aircraft noise was associated with impaired reading comprehension.
50% of teachers have experienced damage to their voice from talking over classroom noise. A study of teachers published in the Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Research in 2004, noted another side-effect of noise pollution in classrooms — 50% of teachers have suffered irreversible damage to their voices. Why? Because as the environment gets noisier, we speak more loudly.
The average noise level in some hospital wards not only impedes healing — but could legally require hearing protection. The WHO recommends noise levels in hospital wards to stay around 35 decibels. But a study in the US found the average noise level in hospital wards is actually closer to 95 decibels — just 10 decibels beyond the noise level at which U.S. federal law requires ear protection for prolonged exposure. Sleep is crucial for patient recovery, and yet with the constant beeps, tones and shuffling, the body feels that it is under threat. Not to mention that staff errors increase the greater the level of distracting noise.
3% of cardiac arrest cases in Germany have been explicitly linked to traffic noise. Treasure found this alarming fact in a 2009 press release from the Environmental Protection UK.
Noise pollution may possibly even contribute to crime. When the city of Lancaster, California, installed a sound system featuring birdsong along a half-mile stretch of a main road, there was a 15 percent reduction in reported crime, according to an article in The Wall Street Journal. Similarly, when the London Underground started playing classical music at a crime-heavy station, robberies fell by 33% while assaults on staff dropped 25%, says The Independent.
32. According to paragraph 1, what’s the mission of Julian Treasure ?
A. To make everyone better understand the sound around them and its effects on human beings
B. To publicize the benefits from the sound around us
C. Not mentioned
D. To encourage people to get involved in more sound
33. What does the underlined word “ staggering’’ probably mean ?
A. Disappointing
B. Shocking
C. Pleasing
D. Exciting
34. Among the nine ways that sound affects us, which one is related to heart disease?
A. The first way
B. The third way
C. The eighth way
D. The ninth way
35. What’s the passage mainly about ?
A. The advice on how to deal with noise pollution
B. The ways to protect our environment
C. The opinions on how to reduce noise pollution
D. 9 ways that sound affects our health, well-being and productivity
【答案与解析】
本文阐述了噪音污染通过九种途径对人们的身体健康产生负面的影响。
32. A 事实细节题，通过定位到文章第一段“Treasure is on a mission to make policymakers, engineers, architects and, well, everyone think more about what they hear around them — because the way things sound have a tangible, measurable effect on how we feel, how we heal, how we work and how we live.”，得知此题选A。朱利安.特雷热的使命是“让决策者、工程师、建筑师以及每一个人都更多地思考他们周围的声音，因为事物的声音方式对我们的感觉、对我们治愈的方式、对我们如何工作和我们如何生活都有着有形的、可测量的影响。”
33. B 猜测词义题，定位到“The total they came up with is staggering, considering they’re looking at just one continent.”，结合上下文语境，得知此题选B，Shocking的意思就是 staggering，惊人的。
34. C 事实细节题，根据题干：在声音影响我们的九种方式中，哪一种与心脏病有关？定位到文章倒数第二段“3% of cardiac arrest cases in Germany have been explicitly linked to traffic noise. Treasure found this alarming fact in a 2009 press release from the Environmental Protection UK.”，其中的cardiac arrest为心脏停搏，是本题要点。
35. D 主旨大意题，通过快速浏览，再认真阅读此篇文章得知此题选D，9种声音影响我们的健康、幸福和工作效率。
【文章大意】
朱利安·特雷热非常关心人们的耳朵。这就是他给泰德讲了“声音影响我们的四种方式”和“为什么建筑师需要用他们的耳朵”的原因。特雷热的使命是让决策者、工程师、建筑师以及每一个人都更多地思考他们周围的声音，因为事物的声音方式对我们的感觉、对我们治愈的方式、对我们如何工作和我们如何生活都有着有形的、可测量的影响。
为此，特雷热的声音机构与Biamp系统合作，创建了一个名为“在声音中构建”的白皮书，查看声音与幸福之间的数据链接。
“这篇论文是基于对学术论文的详尽回顾以及国家政府和跨国机构的报告，追溯到大约40年前，”文章开始说。“这项研究调查了声音对我们健康的原因和影响，从疾病或手术中恢复，我们吸收信息和学习的能力，我们的生产力，以及普遍的幸福感。”
阅读全文，或查看下面一些最引人入胜的事实。
噪音污染的估计成本是每年308亿美元，这只是在欧洲而已。世界卫生组织欧洲2011年的报告“环境噪音带来的疾病负担”分析了环境噪音与健康之间的关系。在这项研究中，他们计算了因噪音导致的工作日损失、医疗保健、学习障碍和生产力下降的财务成本。请考虑他们只是关注一个大陆，而得出的总数就令人震惊。
每年，噪音污染都会使欧洲每个成人和儿童的生活都有一天的不上班、不上学。这项研究还以预期寿命的损失来衡量噪音污染的成本。令人震惊的是：他们确定在100万年内，每365天就要从欧洲人的集体预期寿命中扣除——平均每人一天。
如果你在读或写的时候听到有人在说话，你的工作效率会下降66%。开放式平面办公室会分散员工的注意力，而他们自己甚至不会注意到。在1998年发表在《英国心理学杂志》上的一项经典研究中，研究人员发现，当雇主能够听到他们周围的谈话时，他们会高度分心，而不能履行他们的职责。另一项经典研究发现，办公室里的噪音也与压力荷尔蒙水平的增加和与他人交往的意愿的降低有关。根据Sound Agency的案例研究，当办公室使用声音屏蔽技术时，员工集中注意力的能力提高了46%，短期记忆的准确性提高了10%。
许多教室的平均噪音水平不仅与学习障碍有关，还与永久性听力损失有关。噪音也会对学习产生深远影响。世界卫生组织建议教室的噪音水平与图书馆的噪音水平相当——35分贝。然而，德国的一项研究发现，教室里的实际平均噪音是65分贝——这一水平与永久性听力损失有关。正如本次谈话中的特雷热所描述的，对于一个坐在传统教室第四排的学生来说，语言的清晰度只有50%——这意味着他们只能听到老师所说的一半。
飞机噪音增加20分贝，就足以使学生的阅读水平延迟8个月。2006年发表在《美国流行病学杂志》上的一项研究对荷兰、西班牙和英国的2000名9至10岁的学生进行了调查，其中很多人在机场附近的学校上学。他们发现飞机噪音与阅读理解障碍有关。
50%的教师声音由于课堂噪音而受到损害。2004年发表在《言语、语言和听力研究杂志》上的一项针对教师的研究指出，教室噪音污染的另一个副作用——50%的教师的声音受到不可逆转的损害。为什么？因为随着环境越来越嘈杂，我们说话的声音越来越大。
一些医院病房的平均噪音水平不仅妨碍愈合，而且可能需要听力保护。世卫组织建议医院病房的噪音水平保持在35分贝左右。但美国的一项研究发现，医院病房的平均噪音水平实际上接近95分贝——仅比美国联邦法律要求长时间接触耳朵保护的噪音水平高出10分贝。睡眠对患者的康复至关重要，但随着不断的哔哔声、音调和脚步声，身体会感到受到威胁。更不用说，工作人员的失误会增加更大程度的干扰噪音。
德国有3%的心脏骤停病例与交通噪音有明确联系。特雷热在2009年英国环保组织的新闻发布会上发现了这个令人担忧的事实。
噪音污染甚至可能导致犯罪。据《华尔街日报》的一篇文章称，当加利福尼亚州兰开斯特市在一条主干道半英里长的地方安装了一个以鸟鸣为特色的音响系统时，报告的犯罪率降低了15%。《独立报》称，同样地，当伦敦地铁在犯罪率很高的车站开始播放古典音乐时，抢劫案减少了33%，而对员工的袭击减少了25%。

第二节 (共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多项。
The world’s fastest runners come from Jamaica. In the past decade most of the sprint events have been dominated by male and female runners from the Caribbean island. Usain Bolt, Asafa Powell and Verona Campbell－Brown are among Jamaica’s world record holders and Olympic gold medalists.
___36_____ In former times sprinters were poor people who came from the slums. When they saw they had talent they got scholarships at American colleges. They experienced world class training there but，nevertheless，did not feel at home. Today，Jamaica has the money to employ top coaches，so Jamaican sprinters stay at home. Here they are more relaxed and can perform better.
In Jamaica，children start running at a very early age. When they get to school，teachers and athletic coaches watch them run and walk. Then，depending on their talent they are sent to track and field clubs.__37__ At school track meets crowds of teenagers get together to compete with each other. Running is very important in Jamaica and winning a national title or a school championship is something really big. __38__Another reason for Jamaica’s success on tracks around the world is food. A typical breakfast includes salt fish with yams，bananas and maybe a cup of tea. It contains carbohydrates which runners need to perform well. __39__ They have long legs and little fat. Their narrow hips allow them to lift their knees higher when they run. Many scientists have been researching African and Caribbean runners in order to find out if they have a special gene that makes them faster than the others. __40__
The success of Bolt，Powell and others has triggered hype among Jamaican children. These are their idols and they want to be just like them.
A．A tough competition may be one of the reasons why Jamaicans are so good.
B．Nutritionists argue that the diet of Jamaican children is one of the keys to success.
C．Jamaican athletes are also built differently from non-blacks.
D．Running has changed in Jamaica.
E．Most of the country’s world class runners started out in the two leading track clubs.
F．Hard training and iron will is essential to be among the best in the world.
G．However，there is no evidence of such a gene.
【答案与解析】
本文主要讲了牙买加跑步运动员跑步快的原因。
36.D 根据后文内容可推断出跑步使得牙买加人的生活发生了变化，所以选D。
37.E 根据前后文内容，空前讲“they are sent to track and field clubs”，空后讲“At school track meets crowd...”，由此可以推断出此处选E。
38.A 根据后一段中“Another reason”可知前文讲的是其中的一种原因，再结合前文内容就可以推断出此处选A。
39.C 根据后文内容可知这一段讲的是牙买加运动员身体的特征，以及后文中“... they have a special gene that makes them faster than the others”。由这两点可推出此处应选C。
40.G 这一段主要讲了研究人员认为基因对于牙买加运动员在跑步这一方面有一定的影响，所以此处选的也应与基因有关，所以选G。
【短文大意】
世界上跑得最快的选手来自牙买加。在过去的十年里，大多数短跑项目都是由加勒比岛的男女选手主宰的。乌塞恩·博尔特、阿萨法·鲍威尔和维罗纳·坎贝尔·布朗是牙买加世界纪录保持者和奥运会金牌得主之一。
牙买加的跑步的情况已经改变了。从前，短跑运动员是来自贫民窟的穷人。当他们看到自己有天赋时，就获得了美国大学的奖学金。他们在那里接受过世界级的训练，但却没有宾至如归的感觉。现在，牙买加有足够的资金聘请顶级教练，所以牙买加短跑运动员留在家。在这里，他们更放松，表现更好。
在牙买加，孩子们很早就开始跑步了。当他们上学时，老师和体育教练看着他们跑步和走路。然后，根据他们的天赋，他们被送到田径俱乐部。大多数国家的世界级跑步者都是从两个领先的田径俱乐部开始的。在学校跑道上，成群结队的青少年聚在一起互相竞争。在牙买加，跑步是非常重要的，赢得国家冠军或学校冠军是非常重要的。艰难的竞争可能是牙买加人如此优秀的原因之一。
牙买加在世界各地赛道上取得成功的另一个原因是食物。典型的早餐包括含山药的咸鱼、香蕉，也许还有一杯茶。它含有跑步者需要表现良好的碳水化合物。牙买加运动员的体格也不同于非黑人。他们的腿长，脂肪少，臀部窄，跑步时可以把膝盖抬高。许多科学家一直在研究非洲和加勒比的跑步者，以找出他们是否有一个特殊的基因，使他们比其他人跑得更快。然而，没有证据表明有这种基因。
由于天花乱坠的广告宣传在牙买加引发的炒作使博尔特、鲍威尔和其他人的成功在牙买加儿童中引起了轰动，这些人都是孩子们的偶像，孩子们想和他们一样获得成功。

第三部分 语言知识运用 (共两节，满分45分)
第一节 完形填空 (共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I told my friend Graham that I often cycle the two miles from my house to the town center but unfortunately, there is a big hill on the route. He replied, “You mean___41___” He explained that I should be glad of the___42___ exercise that the hill provided.
My ___43___ to the hill has now changed. I used to___44___ as I approached it but now I tell myself the following. This hill will exercise my heart and lungs. It will help me to___45___ and get fit. It will mean that I live longer. This hill is my friend. __46__, I have a smile of___47___ as I reach the top of the hill.
Problems are there to be faced and___48___. We cannot achieve anything with a(n) ___49___ life. Helen Keller was the first deaf and blind person to___50___ a University degree. She wrote, “Character cannot be___51___ in ease and quiet. Only through___52___ of trial and suffering can the soul be strengthened, vision cleared, ambition inspired and success achieved. ”
One of the main___53___ of success in life is our attitude towards adversity. At times we all face hardships, problems, accidents and difficulties. ___54___ we cannot choose the adversity, we can choose our attitude towards it.
Douglas Bader was 21 when in 1931 he had both legs amputated following a flying accident. He was___55___ to fly again and went on to become one of the leading flying aces. He was a (n) ___56___ to others during the war. He said, “Don’t listen to anyone who tells you that you can’t do this or that. That’s nonsense. ___57___ your mind and you’ll never___58___ crutches or a stick, then have a go at everything. Go to school join in all the games you can. Go___59___ you want to. But never, never let them___60___ you that things are too difficult or impossible. ”
41. A. slowly B. fortunately C. carefully D. quickly
42. A. abundant B. proper C. extra D. necessary
43. A. attitude B. access C. entrance D. affection
44. A. climb B. confuse C. comment D. complain
45. A. put on weigh B. gain weight C. lose weight D. take my weight
46. A. Gradually B. Finally C. Rarely D. Approximately
47. A. satisfaction B. devotion C. decoration D. caution
48. A. understood B. clarified C. defeated D. overcome
49. A. tough B. difficult C. easy D. reasonable
50. A. gain B. accept C. accomplish D. admire
51. A. founded B. produced C. constructed D. developed
52. A. happiness B. experiences C. difficulties D. pressures
53. A. emphasis B. conflicts C. factors D. powers
54. A. While B. As C. Because D. If
55. A. devoted B. determined C. commanded D. forced
56. A. appreciation B. qualification C. inspiration D. destination
57. A. Open up B. Make up C. Come to D. Come into
58. A. reject B. deliver C. abandon D. use
59. A. anywhere B. everywhere C. nowhere D. somewhere
60. A. advise B. attempt C. request D. persuade
【答案与解析】
41. B 根据后面作者的朋友解释作者应该高兴可知，作者的抱怨在其朋友看来却是幸运，fortunately。故选B。
42. C 因为是上班途中经过一座山, 这种锻炼不是主观上愿意的, 所以只能说是额外的，extra。故选C。
43. A 从前文可知，作者在此所谈论的是态度，attitude。故选A。
44. D 根据后面的but以及语境可知，作者刚开始是有抱怨的，complain。故选D。
45. C 依据常识选答案：根据常识，锻炼会让人减轻体重，lose weight。故选C。
46. B 从上下文和所给选项很容易选出Finally，故选B。
47. A 前文说作者最初是有抱怨的, 经过朋友开导以后, 作者最终转变了态度, 到达山顶后是满意的微笑，satisfaction。故选A。
48. D 根据语境辨析词义：问题是需要面对和克服的，overcome。故选D。
49. C 根据后文举的事例可知，生活太安逸就会一事无成，easy。故选C。
50. A 文中举了海伦凯勒是第一位获得大学学位的聋哑人的事情，获得gain。故选A。
51. D 根据语境辨析词义：性格不能在闲适和安静中养成，developed。故选D。
52. B 根据语境辨析词义：只有经过磨练和苦难的体验灵魂才能变强。故选B。
53. C One of the main___13___ of success in life生活中成功的主要因素之一，因素，factors。故选C。
54. A While we cannot choose the adversity, we can choose our attitude towards it. 虽然我们不能选择逆境，但我们可以选择对逆境的态度。四个选项中，只有While可用在这种情况下；故选A。
55. B 根据固定搭配选出：be determined to do sth.决心做某事，determined。故选B。
56. C 根据语境辨析词义：Douglas Bader身残志坚, 所以在战争期间, 他给别人以精神力量，inspiration。故选C。
57. B 根据常用短语选：make up one’s mind下定决心。故选B。
58. D … you’ll never use crutches or a stick, then have a go at everything. use。从前面一句（下决心吧)可知这句话的意思是：你就再也不用拐杖，再也不用柱棍儿了，……。使用use，故选overcome D。
59. A 根据语境辨析词义：上句说去学校, 参加你能参加的游戏。所以本句是：去你想去的任何地方，anywhere。故选A。
60. D 根据语境辨析词义：承接上句去你想去的任何地方，但是永远不要让他们说服你，事情太难或不可能。根据语境，此处想表达不要相信事情太难或不可能，结合选项只能选D，persuade。
【温馨提示】
首先要抓主题，理清逻辑关系。作者骑自行车上班要越过一座小山，向朋友抱怨时，朋友却说这有助于锻炼身体。作者的态度为之改变，并由此想到了其他的人和事，表达出文章的主题，既笑对逆境。文章第一、二段以叙述的形式讲述了作者态度的转变；第三、四、五段结合一些事例阐明了作者的观点，其中夹叙、夹议。

第二节 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分 )
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
During my childhood, my father always encouraged me to work hard to reach my goals in life. Each day he would find something to keep me 61_______ (occupy), but he never let me forget to have fun and enjoy being young.
One day my father and I 62_______(work) in the garage when he said, “Courtney, I want 63_______ (tell) you a secret. This is just between you and me, and you cannot tell it even to your mother.” I got very excited, 64_______(think) what he would possibly tell me，“I’m never going to grow up,” he said. He went on to explain that being an adult wasn’t all that great. he said it was true that people could get more 65_______ (free) and more independence after they grew up, but at the same time, they had to take more responsibility, more commitment, and more challenges.
66_______ (actual) my father wanted me to live my life to the 67_______ (full). He believed no matter 68_______ a person’s age was, he or she should set some time aside 69_______ fun.
Until today, I still keep my father’s secret. Both my father and I have become mature throughout life, but neither of 70_______ has ever lost our child-like heart.
【参考答案】
61. occupied ? 62. were working ??63. to tell ??64. thinking ? ?65. freedom?
66. Actually ??67. fullest ??? 68. what ?? 69. for ?? ? 70. us
【短文大意】
在我的童年，父亲总是鼓励我努力工作，以达到我的人生目标。每天他都会找些东西让我忙，但他从不让我忘记快乐和享受年轻。
有一天，我和父亲在车库里工作，他说：“考特尼，我想告诉你一个秘密。这只是你和我之间的事，你甚至不能告诉你妈妈。“我很兴奋，想着他可能会告诉我什么，”他说，“我永远不会长大。”他接着解释说，作为一个成年人并没有那么好。他说，的确，人们长大后可以获得更多的自由和独立，但与此同时，他们必须承担更多的责任、承担更多的责任和挑战。
事实上，我父亲希望我生活得最充实。他相信，无论一个人的年龄多大，他或她都应该留出一些时间来娱乐。
直到今天，我仍然保守我父亲的秘密。我父亲和我一生都变得成熟了，但我们谁也没有失去过孩子般的心。

第四部分写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文，文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删改或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（Λ），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词旁边写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Someone asks me what on the earth happiness means? I can’t give you the exactly definition of it, and I’m sure if you love and help others, you’ll get it.
I’ll never forget an old lady. She lives a small house alone. It’s said that her husband and her son died in a traffic accident. How bitter her life is! But the old lady often helped others with a smile. Wherever it snows, she is always the first to clean the paths. She looks after several children living nearby. I am one of those. I often remember the stories she told about us and her kind smile. Perhaps she is lucky, but I think she is a happy person. Her life full of laughter and love.
【参考答案】
Someone asks me what on the ∧ earth happiness means? I can’t give you the exactly exact definition of it, and but I’m sure if you love and help others, you’ll get it. I’ll never forget an old lady. She lives ∧ in a small house alone. It’s said that her
husband and her son died in a traffic accident. How bitter her life is! But the old lady often helped helps others with a smile. Wherever Whenever it snows, she is always the first to clean the paths. She looks after several children living nearby. I am one of those them. I often remember the stories she told about ∧ us and her kind smile. Perhaps she is lucky unlucky, but I think she is a happy person. Her life ∧ is full of laughter and love.
【解析】
1.去掉the 考查固定搭配，on earth表示究竟，中间没有定冠词。
2. exactly → exact 考查形容词用法，形容词修饰名词。
3. and → but 考查逻辑关系，此处表示转折，用but。
4. lives后面加in 考查不及物动词用法，live是不及物动词，后面接宾语时要加介词in。
5. helped → helps 考查时态，本文主要用现在时态，并且often也提示了是经常发生的动作，所以用一般现在时。
6. Wherever → Whenever 考查状语从句的用法，根据句意，无论何时下雪，她都是第一个清扫道路的人。
7. those → them 考查代词的用法，此处指代上文出现过的children，故用them。
8.去掉about 考查介词的用法，tell是及物动词，后面可以直接接宾语, 此处不需要介词。
9. lucky → unlucky 考查上下文逻辑关系，根据句意，也许她是不幸的，但是我认为她是个幸福的人。
10. life后面加is 本句缺谓语，full是形容词, 不能作谓语, 所以添加系动词。

书面表达（满分25分）
你的学校红星中学将于下周末举行第二届校文化节，学生会主席李华代表学校全体师生邀请北京大学大学外籍教授John Smith先生做关于中美文化差异的讲座。信的内容包括：
讲座时间：10月18日13点到15点
讲座地点：2号教学楼102教室
联系方式：englishsetting@163.com (?mailto:englishsetting@163.com?)
要求：
1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.信的开始与结尾已给出，所以不计入词数。
Dear Professor Smith,
I’m Li Hua, _________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
We are looking forward to your reply.
Sincerely yours,
Li Hua


【参考范文】
Dear Professor Smith,
I am Li Hua, chair of the Students’ Union of Hong xing Middle School. Our school will have the Second Culture Festival next weekend and I am writing to invite you to give us a lecture about the cultural differences between America and China, which will begin at 13 o’clock and end at 15 o’clock on Oct. 18th in Classroom 102 of the second teaching building.
As an expert in international culture, you must have a good knowledge of the cultural differences between America and China, so we hope you could help us increase our knowledge and clear some cultural confusion.
Could you please contact us in advance at englishsetting@163.com (?mailto:englishsetting@163.com?) if you could come to our culture festival?
We are looking forward to your reply.
Sincerely yours,
Li Hua









22





三轮复习 决胜高考
高考模拟试卷2(原卷版)
黑龙江哈尔滨 邱尚瑛

普通高等学校招生统一考试
英语模拟试卷
（考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：150分）
注意事项：
1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2.作答时，务必将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷及草稿纸上无效。
3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分 听力
听力共两节，满分30分。
【温馨提示】 做题时，先要将答案标在试卷上。等录音内容结束后，将会有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节共5小题，每小题1.5分，满分7.5分；第二节共15小题，每小题1.5分，满分22.5分。
详见：《高考三轮 决胜高考--听力冲刺卷》（包括音频、听力原文+答案与解析）
https://book.21cnjy.com/store/73942.shtml (?https:?/??/?book.21cnjy.com?/?store?/?73942.shtml?)

第二部分 阅读理解 (共两节，满分40分)
第一节 (共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

A
A 2 billion year old Martian rock appeals to have at our time been full of water from the surface of the Red Planet.
“Here we have a piece of Mars that I can hold in my hands. That’s really exciting,” Carl Agee, director of the Institute of Meteoritics at the University of New Mexico, told the Associated Press.
Agee led a team of scientists who published their report on the newly discovered meteorite，nicknamed Black Beauly, The rock is estimated to have contained 6,000 parts per million water, and scientists believe it likely interacted with water at a time when most of the planet’s surface was believed to have been arid.
The baseball-size rock was discovered in the Sahara, and scientists say it contains more evidence of water than any of the other known Martian rock samples.
“It’s fairly fresh. It hasn’t been subjected to a whole lot of weathering，” University of Alberta meteorite expert Chris Herd told the AP.
Billions of years ago an eruption on the surface of Mars, likely caused by a volcano or planet collision, sent the rock into space, where it eventually made the journey to Earth, Agee and his team said the sample is “strikingly similar to the volcanic rocks examined by the NASA rovers Spirit and Opportunity on the Martian surface.”
Over the years, scientists have collected more than 60 Martian rock samples, with most being discovered in the Sahara and Antarctica. The new sample is much older than most of the other specimens, which are about 600 million years old or younger. The oldest known sample is an estimated 4.5 billion years old.
21. The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refers to “________”.
A. Mara B. the Red Planet C. Black Beauty D. the report
22. Where was the meteorite found?
A. In I he Sahara. B. In Antarctica. C. In Mars. D. In America.
23. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A. Black Beauty has the size of a baseball.
B. Blank Beauty contains the most evidence of water among the known Martian rock samples.
C. An eruption on the surface of Mars sent the rock into Earth directly.
D. Black Beauty is not the oldest known sample.
24. Where can we most probably read this text?
A. In a personal diary. B. In a science report.
C. In a travel magazine. D. In a geography textbook.

B
We've all seen movies in which a character has a retinal scan to prove his or her identity before walking into a top-secret installation. That's an example of a biometric system. In general, biometrics is a collection of measures of human physiology and behavior. A biometric system could scan a person's fingerprint or analyze the way he or she types on a keyboard. The purpose of most biometric systems is to authenticate a person's claimed identity.
Biometrics tend to be more convenient than other methods of identity authentication. You might forget your ID at home when you head out the door, but you'll still be able to use biometric devices. Imagine verifying your identity while at the store by swiping your finger across a sensor.
But along with convenience and security comes a concern for privacy. For biometrics to work, there needs to be a database containing the relevant information for each individual authorized by the system. For example, at that top-secret installation, every employee's biometric signature would have to be recorded so that the scanners could verify each person's identity.This might not present much of a problem on its own. If the only data the system stores relates to the actual biometric measurements, privacy violations are at a minimum. But by their very nature, biometric systems collect more information than just the users' fingerprints, retinal patterns or other biometric data. At a basic level, most systems will record when and where a person is at the time of a scan.
?You might think of fingerprint or retinal scanners when you hear the word biometrics, but the term has a broader definition. Facial recognition technology falls into the biometric category. There are already several cameras on the market that can detect faces. A few are able to recognize and remember a group of faces. You just take a picture of a friend, tag the photo and the camera will automatically tag any future photos of that friend. It's both cool and creepy.Imagine using this technology in public places to identify the people passing through. For example, a major city might install cameras at high-traffic areas to scan for terrorists or identify criminals. While the motivation for using that technology might be pure, it creates difficult privacy issues. The city would have a record of everyone who passed through that neighborhood. The technology treats everyone as a suspect as if it's only a matter of time before each of us commits a crime. And what happens if the technology makes a mistake and misidentifies someone? Weather conditions, clothing, hairstyles and even the cleanliness of the lens could affect the ability of the camera to identify people. Critics might ask: Why install a system that's unreliable?
What happens if a person suffers an illness or injury that changes his or her appearance? Such a change could present problems with biometrics. Adjusting the biometric system to accommodate the change could also result in a violation of the user's privacy. The system administrator now knows more details about the user.
A society with pervasive biometric systems would make anonymity a virtual impossibility. Should that society become oppressive or otherwise abusive to the population, the citizens would have few opportunities to react without revealing their own identities.
Groups like the Biometrics Institute are aware of privacy concerns and strive to create processes to limit the chance for biometric applications to violate a person's privacy. Other groups advocate that companies, governments and other organizations conduct a privacy assessment before installing a biometric system. With vigilance and caution, we may find a way to incorporate biometrics into our lives and still maintain our privacy.
25. According to paragraph 1, what can we infer about biometrics?
A. It hasn’t been applied to real life so far.
B. Its purpose is unknown.
C. It can only scan a person's fingerprint.
D. It collects measures of human physiology and behavior.
26. What advantage does biometrics have over other methods of identity authentication?
A. Not mentioned
B. More convenient
C. More efficient
D. Not mentioned
27. What is the nature of biometric systems ?
A. Collecting the information only about the users' fingerprints, retinal patterns or other biometric data.
B. Not mentioned
C. Recording when and where a person is at the time of a scan apart from biometric data.
D. Collecting the information only about some biometric data.
28. Which of the following can be the best title for the text ?
A. The convinence biometrics brings
B. The influence of biometrics on human beings
C. The future develpoment of biometrics
D. The negative effect biometrics has on our privacy

C
Every Wednesday，I go to Cantata Adult Life Services，a local retirement community in Brookfield，Illinois，US，with my classmates to do community service．
Our visits last about an hour，and we bring 25—30 students every time．We play board games and cards with the elderly while we’re there．
You can watch all the movies and TV shows you want about “life back then”，but nothing compares to talking to the people who were actually there．Just hearing their stories has touched me in a way I never thought possible．
Whether it was talking to 98-year-old “Hurricane Hilda” about her glory days as a roller skater or chatting with Lou about the times she danced with a famous actor，I was completely mesmerized by every single memory the elderly wanted to share with me．Even those who don’t have amazing memories make the experience fulfilling．I remember visiting Mrs Robinson．She couldn’t recall much about her past，but she told me she’d never forget how kind I was just to listen to her．It made me realize that it’s the little things that make life worth living．
If there’s one thing I’ve realized in my three years of visiting Cantata，it’s that presence——just being there—means more than anything to many of them．And despite how busy our lives are，there’s always time to make someone’s day．
29. Why does the author go to Cantata Adult Life Services regularly?
A. To play board games.
B. To visit the elderly.
C. To watch movies.
D. To share stories.
30. The underlined word “mesmerized” in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to“_______”.
A. confused B. annoyed C. encouraged D. attracted
31. What may be the most important to the elderly according to the author?
A. Staying with them.
B. The special old days.
C. Showing patience.
D. Amazing experiences.

D
Julian Treasure cares very deeply for your ears. That’s why he’s given TED talks like “The 4 ways sound affects us” and “Why architects need to use their ears.” Treasure is on a mission to make policymakers, engineers, architects and, well, everyone think more about what they hear around them — because the way things sound have a tangible, measurable effect on how we feel, how we heal, how we work and how we live.
To this end, Treasure’s The Sound Agency has teamed up with Biamp Systems to create a white paper called “Building in Sound,” a look at the data linking sound and well-being.
“This paper is based on exhaustive review of academic papers, and reports from national governments and multinational bodies, going back some 40 years,” it begins. “The research examines the causes and impacts of sound on our health, recovery from illness or surgery, our ability to absorb information and learn, our productivity, and general sense of well-being.”
Read the paper in full, or check out some of the most fascinating facts below.
The estimated cost of noise pollution is $30.8 billion a year — and that’s just in Europe. The World Health Organization Europe’s 2011 report, “Burden of disease from environmental noise,” analyzes the relationship between environmental noise and health. In this study, they calculate the financial cost of lost work days, health care treatment, impaired learning and decreased productivity due to noise. The total they came up with is staggering, considering they’re looking at just one continent.
Each year, noise pollution takes a day off the life of every adult and child in Europe. This same study also looked at the cost of noise pollution in terms of lost life expectancy. Shockingly, they determined that every 365 days, one million years are taken off European’s collective life expectancy — averaging to a day per person.
If you can hear someone talking while you’re reading or writing, your productivity dips by up to 66%. Open floor-plan offices distract workers without them even noticing it. In a classic study published in the British Journal of Psychology in 1998, researchers found that employers were highly distracted when they could hear conversation around them, and less able to perform their duties. Another classic study found that noise in the office also correlated to increased stress hormone levels and a lower willingness to engage with others. According to Sound Agency case study, when sound masking technology was used in an office, there was a 46% improvement in employees’ ability to concentrate and their short term memory accuracy increased 10 percent.
The average noise level in many classrooms is not just associated with impaired learning — but with permanent hearing loss. Noise can deeply affect learning too. The WHO recommends a noise level in classrooms akin to that you’d find in a library — 35 decibels. However, a study in Germany found that the actual average noise volume in classrooms is 65 decibels — a level associated with permanent hearing loss. As Treasure outlines in this talk, for a student sitting in the fourth row of a traditional classroom, speech intelligibility is just 50 percent — meaning that they only hear half of what their teacher says.
A 20 decibel increase in aircraft noise is enough to delay a student’s reading level by up to 8 months. A study published in the American Journal of Epidemiology in 2006 looked at 2000 students between the ages of 9 and 10 in schools in The Netherlands, Spain and the U.K. — many in schools near airports. They found that aircraft noise was associated with impaired reading comprehension.
50% of teachers have experienced damage to their voice from talking over classroom noise. A study of teachers published in the Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Research in 2004, noted another side-effect of noise pollution in classrooms — 50% of teachers have suffered irreversible damage to their voices. Why? Because as the environment gets noisier, we speak more loudly.
The average noise level in some hospital wards not only impedes healing — but could legally require hearing protection. The WHO recommends noise levels in hospital wards to stay around 35 decibels. But a study in the US found the average noise level in hospital wards is actually closer to 95 decibels — just 10 decibels beyond the noise level at which U.S. federal law requires ear protection for prolonged exposure. Sleep is crucial for patient recovery, and yet with the constant beeps, tones and shuffling, the body feels that it is under threat. Not to mention that staff errors increase the greater the level of distracting noise.
3% of cardiac arrest cases in Germany have been explicitly linked to traffic noise. Treasure found this alarming fact in a 2009 press release from the Environmental Protection UK.
Noise pollution may possibly even contribute to crime. When the city of Lancaster, California, installed a sound system featuring birdsong along a half-mile stretch of a main road, there was a 15 percent reduction in reported crime, according to an article in The Wall Street Journal. Similarly, when the London Underground started playing classical music at a crime-heavy station, robberies fell by 33% while assaults on staff dropped 25%, says The Independent.
32. According to paragraph 1, what’s the mission of Julian Treasure ?
A. To make everyone better understand the sound around them and its effects on human beings
B. To publicize the benefits from the sound around us
C. Not mentioned
D. To encourage people to get involved in more sound
33. What does the underlined word “ staggering’’ probably mean ?
A. Disappointing
B. Shocking
C. Pleasing
D. Exciting
34. Among the nine ways that sound affects us, which one is related to heart disease?
A. The first way
B. The third way
C. The eighth way
D. The ninth way
35. What’s the passage mainly about ?
A. The advice on how to deal with noise pollution
B. The ways to protect our environment
C. The opinions on how to reduce noise pollution
D. 9 ways that sound affects our health, well-being and productivity

第二节 (共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多项。
The world’s fastest runners come from Jamaica. In the past decade most of the sprint events have been dominated by male and female runners from the Caribbean island. Usain Bolt, Asafa Powell and Verona Campbell－Brown are among Jamaica’s world record holders and Olympic gold medalists.
___36_____ In former times sprinters were poor people who came from the slums. When they saw they had talent they got scholarships at American colleges. They experienced world class training there but，nevertheless，did not feel at home. Today，Jamaica has the money to employ top coaches，so Jamaican sprinters stay at home. Here they are more relaxed and can perform better.
In Jamaica，children start running at a very early age. When they get to school，teachers and athletic coaches watch them run and walk. Then，depending on their talent they are sent to track and field clubs.__37__ At school track meets crowds of teenagers get together to compete with each other. Running is very important in Jamaica and winning a national title or a school championship is something really big. __38__Another reason for Jamaica’s success on tracks around the world is food. A typical breakfast includes salt fish with yams，bananas and maybe a cup of tea. It contains carbohydrates which runners need to perform well. __39__ They have long legs and little fat. Their narrow hips allow them to lift their knees higher when they run. Many scientists have been researching African and Caribbean runners in order to find out if they have a special gene that makes them faster than the others. __40__
The success of Bolt，Powell and others has triggered hype among Jamaican children. These are their idols and they want to be just like them.
A．A tough competition may be one of the reasons why Jamaicans are so good.
B．Nutritionists argue that the diet of Jamaican children is one of the keys to success.
C．Jamaican athletes are also built differently from non-blacks.
D．Running has changed in Jamaica.
E．Most of the country’s world class runners started out in the two leading track clubs.
F．Hard training and iron will is essential to be among the best in the world.
G．However，there is no evidence of such a gene.

第三部分 语言知识运用 (共两节，满分45分)
第一节 完形填空 (共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I told my friend Graham that I often cycle the two miles from my house to the town center but unfortunately, there is a big hill on the route. He replied, “You mean___41___” He explained that I should be glad of the___42___ exercise that the hill provided.
My ___43___ to the hill has now changed. I used to___44___ as I approached it but now I tell myself the following. This hill will exercise my heart and lungs. It will help me to___45___ and get fit. It will mean that I live longer. This hill is my friend. __46__, I have a smile of___47___ as I reach the top of the hill.
Problems are there to be faced and___48___. We cannot achieve anything with a(n) ___49___ life. Helen Keller was the first deaf and blind person to___50___ a University degree. She wrote, “Character cannot be___51___ in ease and quiet. Only through___52___ of trial and suffering can the soul be strengthened, vision cleared, ambition inspired and success achieved. ”
One of the main___53___ of success in life is our attitude towards adversity. At times we all face hardships, problems, accidents and difficulties. ___54___ we cannot choose the adversity, we can choose our attitude towards it.
Douglas Bader was 21 when in 1931 he had both legs amputated following a flying accident. He was___55___ to fly again and went on to become one of the leading flying aces. He was a (n) ___56___ to others during the war. He said, “Don’t listen to anyone who tells you that you can’t do this or that. That’s nonsense. ___57___ your mind and you’ll never___58___ crutches or a stick, then have a go at everything. Go to school join in all the games you can. Go___59___ you want to. But never, never let them___60___ you that things are too difficult or impossible. ”
41. A. slowly B. fortunately C. carefully D. quickly
42. A. abundant B. proper C. extra D. necessary
43. A. attitude B. access C. entrance D. affection
44. A. climb B. confuse C. comment D. complain
45. A. put on weigh B. gain weight C. lose weight D. take my weight
46. A. Gradually B. Finally C. Rarely D. Approximately
47. A. satisfaction B. devotion C. decoration D. caution
48. A. understood B. clarified C. defeated D. overcome
49. A. tough B. difficult C. easy D. reasonable
50. A. gain B. accept C. accomplish D. admire
51. A. founded B. produced C. constructed D. developed
52. A. happiness B. experiences C. difficulties D. pressures
53. A. emphasis B. conflicts C. factors D. powers
54. A. While B. As C. Because D. If
55. A. devoted B. determined C. commanded D. forced
56. A. appreciation B. qualification C. inspiration D. destination
57. A. Open up B. Make up C. Come to D. Come into
58. A. reject B. deliver C. abandon D. use
59. A. anywhere B. everywhere C. nowhere D. somewhere
60. A. advise B. attempt C. request D. persuade

第二节 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分 )
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
During my childhood, my father always encouraged me to work hard to reach my goals in life. Each day he would find something to keep me 61_______ (occupy), but he never let me forget to have fun and enjoy being young.
One day my father and I 62_______(work) in the garage when he said, “Courtney, I want 63_______ (tell) you a secret. This is just between you and me, and you cannot tell it even to your mother.” I got very excited, 64_______(think) what he would possibly tell me，“I’m never going to grow up,” he said. He went on to explain that being an adult wasn’t all that great. he said it was true that people could get more 65_______ (free) and more independence after they grew up, but at the same time, they had to take more responsibility, more commitment, and more challenges.
66_______ (actual) my father wanted me to live my life to the 67_______ (full). He believed no matter 68_______ a person’s age was, he or she should set some time aside 69_______ fun.
Until today, I still keep my father’s secret. Both my father and I have become mature throughout life, but neither of 70_______ has ever lost our child-like heart.

第四部分写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文，文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删改或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（Λ），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词旁边写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Someone asks me what on the earth happiness means? I can’t give you the exactly definition of it, and I’m sure if you love and help others, you’ll get it.
I’ll never forget an old lady. She lives a small house alone. It’s said that her husband and her son died in a traffic accident. How bitter her life is! But the old lady often helped others with a smile. Wherever it snows, she is always the first to clean the paths. She looks after several children living nearby. I am one of those. I often remember the stories she told about us and her kind smile. Perhaps she is lucky, but I think she is a happy person. Her life full of laughter and love.

书面表达（满分25分）
你的学校红星中学将于下周末举行第二届校文化节，学生会主席李华代表学校全体师生邀请北京大学大学外籍教授John Smith先生做关于中美文化差异的讲座。信的内容包括：
讲座时间：10月18日13点到15点
讲座地点：2号教学楼102教室
联系方式：englishsetting@163.com (?mailto:englishsetting@163.com?)
要求：
1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.信的开始与结尾已给出，所以不计入词数。
Dear Professor Smith,
I’m Li Hua, _________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
We are looking forward to your reply.
Sincerely yours,
Li Hua











22