外研版选修8 Module 4 Which English ? Grammar 课件（50张PPT）

(共50张PPT)
选修八Module 4
Which English？
Grammar
Enjoy the songs and try to find the adverbial clauses in the lyrics (歌词).
Try to find the adverbial clauses in the lyrics (歌词).
1.You make me happy when skies are grey.
2.I'd be lying if I said I was OK.
3.As long as you are here with me, I don't care who you are...
What are “Adverbials?”
状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，通常由副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词和从句等担当。例如：
1.?Naturally, our grandparents were pleased to get our phone call .
2.? We worked hard, from sunrise to sunset .

3.? To help my disabled aunt, I spend an hour working in her house every day.
(副词)
(介词短语)
(不定式)
4.?Seen from a distance , the farm house looked deserted .
5.?I know how to light a camp fire because I had done it before .
状语的位置比较灵活，可以位于句首、句末或句中。
(过去分词)
（原因状语从句）
状语从句
What are “Adverbial Clauses?”
在复合句中担任状语成分的从句称为状语从句，修饰主句的谓语动词，形容词和副词等，或修饰整个主句的从句叫做“状语从句”
状语从句可分为：
1.时间状语从句
2.地点状语从句
3.原因状语从句
4.条件状语从句
5.让步状语从句
6.目的状语从句
7.结果状语从句
8.方式状语从句
9.比较状语从句
Analyze the types of adverbial clauses.
1.It will be a long time before we meet again.
2.It has been 20 years since we first saw each other.
3.I won't know where he is until I get a letter from him.
4.The moment /As soon as he comes, I will tell him the news.
5.When the film ended, the people went back.
6.As time goes by, it is getting hotter and hotter.
7.Strike while the iron is hot.
时间状语从句
一. 时间状语从句的引导词
1. when, while , as, before, after, until, till, since, ever since, once, as soon as ，
2. every time, next/last/each time, the first time, the moment, the minute, the instant
3. immediately, instantly, directly
4. hardly…when, no sooner…than, scarcely…when
when, while, as
_______________ we were talking, Mr. Smiths came in.
_____ they came home, I was cooking dinner.
I was about to go to bed _______ I heard someone knock at the door.
4. ________ we were watching TV, he was studying.
5. He is fat _______ his brother is thin.
6. ______ she sang, tears ran down her face.
While/ As/ When
When
when
While
while
As
连接词when、while、as的用法小结
1、when 的用法：
（1）when引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词可以是延续的，也可以是表短暂性动作的动词，可用于主句和从句动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作。如：
1.When the film ended, the people went back.
2.When I lived there, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays.
（2）可用作并列连词，其意义为“那时，这时”，相当于and at this/that time。常用于句式：
1.Sb. was doing something when…
2.Sb. was about to do sth. when…
(刚要……这时突然……)
3.Sb. was on the point of doing...when...
4.Sb. had done...when...
2、连接词while的用法
（1） while意思是“当……的时候”或“在某一段时间内”，引导的从句动作必须是持续性的，侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比。
People don’t talk so loudly while others are working.
（2）从句和主句的谓语动词都为延续性动词时, 只能用while; while还可作并列连词,表示”而”.
1. I was reading while he was watching TV.
2.He is fat while his brother is thin.

3．as 的用法：
(1) as 着重强调主句和从句的动作同时或几乎同时发生，如：
The students rose as the teacher entered the classroom.
(2)as还可以表示“随着……”，如：
As time goes by, it is getting colder and colder.
(3) As 还能表示“一边……一边”，如：
He looked behind from time to time as he went.
4．如果主句表示的是短暂动作，而从句用延续性动作的进行时态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作时，when, while与as 可互换使用。如：
When/While/As I was walking down the street, I came across an old friend of mine.
Before的用法
It will be half a year before I come back.
It won’t be half a year before we meet again.
We sailed four days and nights before we saw the land.
We hadn’t run a mile before he felt tired
It will be +一段时间 before......多久之后才...
It won’t be +一段时间 before......不久就....
肯定句 “ 才” 否定句 “就”
表示“一…就…”的句型
(1) as soon as
(2) the moment/ minute/ second
(3) immediately/ directly/ instantly
1.___________(他一来), I’ll tell him.
2.___________________(我一看见他), I recognized him.
3 I left_______________________(钟一敲五点).


As soon as he comes
The moment I saw him
immediately the clock struck 5
(4)no sooner…than
hardly/scarcely…when
A. 时态：主句用过去完成时（had + p.p.）
从句用一般过去时
B. 倒装： no sooner/hardly/scarcely放句首，主句要倒装
1.No sooner ______________________it started to rain(他刚一到家）.
2.Hardly ________________________the telephone rang（她刚一进入房间).

had they reached home than
had I entered the room when
考点:名词短语引导时间状语从句
1.Every time I was in trouble, he would come to help me.
2.Next time you come, do remember bring your son here.
3.?The first time I met the girl. I felt in love with her.
4.?You are welcome to come back any time you want to.
5.The last time she saw James, he was lying in bed.
?
every time,each time,next time,the first time,any time 等名词短语引导状语从句不加介词。
Analyze the types of adverbial clauses.
1.Just stay where you are.
2.Wherever you are, I will be right here waiting for you.
地点状语从句
二. 地点状语从句的引导词：
where, wherever
where指“在某个地方”，
wherever指“无论哪里，在任何一个地方”
1.If you are traveling____the customs are really foreign to your own，please do as the Romans do.
A.in which? B.what C.when D.where
2.In peace，too，the Red Cross is expected to send help___there is human suffering.
A.whoever? B.however?
C.wherever D.whatever?
D
C
3.--Mom，what did your doctor say？ --He advised me to live____the air is fresher.
A.in where? B.in which?
C.the place where? D.where
4.When he reads a book, his habit is to make a mark_______the meaning is unclear to him.
A.there B.wherever C.the place D.in which
D
B
Analyze the types of adverbial clauses.
1 .We camped there because it was too dark to go on.
2.Since the town is far from here, you may go there by bus.
3 .Now that you are all here, let’s try and reach a decision.
4. He must be still studying now, for the light in his room is still on.
5.Jenny was very sad over the loss of the photos she had shot at Canada, as this was a memory she especially treasured.
原因状语从句
三.原因状语从句的引导词：
because, as, since，for
now that（既然）
because直接原因，非推断．语气最强．回答why
since表示“既然”，语气较弱；强调对方已经知晓，无需加以说明的原因，只可以放在句首。
As“由于”，语气最弱，表示往往是十分明显的原因，常放在句首，比较口语化。
For 放句中，对前面一句话的内容的补充说明 。
用because, as, since 与for填空:
Why are you crying, Mary?
--- ________ I’ve broken your necklace, mom.
2. __ I had a cold, I was absent from school.
3.He must be ill,_____he is absent today.
4.____ we are all here, let’s begin our class.
Because
As
for
Since
Analyze the types of adverbial clauses.
1. You can leave now if you like.
2 .I won’t wait for him unless he rings me tomorrow.
3 .As long as you’re happy, it doesn’t matter what you do.
4.In case anything important happens, please call me up.
5.You can have my bicycle for a few
days on condition that you return it by
Sunday.
条件状语从句
四. 条件状语从句的引导词:
if, unless, as/ so long as（只要）, in case(万一）,on condition that(条件......),
用if, unless, as/ so long as（只要）,on condition that填空:
1.The WTO cannot live up to its name ____ it does not include a country that is home to one fifth of mankind.
2 .It is known to all that _____ you exercise regularly, you won’t keep good health.

if
unless
3.You can have my bicycle for a few
days ______________ you return it by
Sunday.
4.__________we do not give up our dreams.nothing is impossible.
on condition that
As/So long as
1.Even if /Even though it’s hard work, I enjoy it.
2 No matter what / Whatever happens, we shall never lose hope.
3 No matter how / However difficult the task may be, I will finish it on time.
4 Whether you believe it or not, it is true.
5. Although/Though he was very patient, (yet) he didn’t like waiting that long.
Analyze the types of adverbial clauses.
让步状语从句
五. 让步状语从句的引导词:
though, although, even if/ though, while, no matter…, whatever, however…, whether…or…, as
注意：although/though不能和but连用，但是主句前可用yet或still。
Though/Although it sound strange,(yet) it is true.
as引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管，虽然 ”。但从句要倒装。句型为：
adj./adv./单数n（不加冠词）/v+as+主语+谓语
1. Child as she is, she can help her mother.
2.Fast as he runs, he is the last one.
3.Try as you may, you might fail as well.
4.Late as it was, they kept on working.
Analyze the types of adverbial clauses.
He got up early in order that he could catch the bus.
2.Take this medicine so that you can
recover soon.
3.Take a taxi in case you are late for the meeting.
目的状语从句
六. 目的状语从句的引导词:
so that, in order that (为了）
in case （以免， 以防）
Conclusion:1.目的状语从句中的谓语动词常与情态动词can.could,may,might,should连用。如：
Take this medicine so that you can recover soon.
2.in order that可放句首，也可放句中，so that只放句中。
Analyze the types of adverbial clauses.
1. was caught in a shower, so that all my clothes got wet.
2.It’s so cold that the lake has frozen.
3.There are so many books there that don’t know which one to borrow.
4.It’s so good a book that I’ve read it again and again.
5.It was such a cold day that there was nobody on the street.
结果状语从句
七.结果状语从句的引导词:
so that, so…that, such…that
so that引导结果状语从句时，从句中不带情态动词。如：
He didn't plan his time well so that he didn't finish his work in time.
so…that和such…that常用的搭配有：
so +adj./adv.+ that 从句
so +adj.+ a/an +可数名词单数形式+that
so +many/much/few/little +n. +that
such + a/an +adj. +可数名词单数+that
such +adj. +可数名词复数/不可数名词+that
Jenny is such a clever girl that all the teachers liked her very much.=
Jenny is ____________ that all the teachers liked her very much.
He had ___ few friends ____ he often feels lonely.
so clever a girl
so
that
Analyze the types of adverbial clauses.
His brother is as handsome as he (is).
The movie was not so/as good as I had expected.
The driver drives faster than he used to .
The more knowledge we learn, the happier we will be.
比较状语从句
八.比较状语从句的引导词:
as, than, as…as, not so/as…as,
the+比较级…, the+比较级…
He stood up as if (he wanted ) to leave.
She always talks to me as if she were my sister.
When in Rome do as the Romans do.
Analyze the types of adverbial clauses.
方式状语从句
九.方式状语从句的引导词:
as（像，如), as if/ though(仿佛、似乎), just as（就像）
Solid foundation
1.Nowadays, most parents have possessions for their children, ________they are rich or not.
2.Share a book with a child who might need it, share a story with someone who would treasure it, and listen patiently to someone else's story________they share it with you.
3.Despite this, some people became so absorbed in the activity_____they completely forgot to look at the clock.
whether
when/as
that
4.Though reading a lot, according to Sandra, she didn't really start writing______she attended her first creative writing class in college.
5.________you choose to do with your summer, try something new.
6.The first thing she did_____she got up every morning was water the tulip.(郁金香）
7.Some school teachers complained, “ Many kids haven't got any hobbies---______you call playing computer games a hobby.
until
Whatever
after
unless
Ability Improvement
My classmates Michael studied very hard____ he went to senior high school. Every day he worked____everyone else in my class left the classroom. He said he wouldn't stop trying_____he got satisfying scores in his studies. Hard_________he tried, he made little progress. But he didn't lose heart at all_______he believed as long as he persisted he would succeed one day. ______ time went by, he made improvements in his studies and he was admitted to a university in Beijing at last. We had a get-together_______we started our new life in university. Everyonehad got offers from universities,_____we had a very good time. When we stood_______we used to play and study. we couldn't help thinking of our happy old
after
until
unless
as/though
because
As
before
so
where
days. We believed we would never forget each other,__________we would go or whatever we would do.
wherever
Voice Your Opinion
According to the new College Entrance Exam Reform, besides Chinese, mathsand English exams ,you have to take another three subject exams.Which subject exams will you want to take? Which three subjects do you want to learn besides Chinese,maths andEnglish ? why?
Homework
假如你是李华，刚刚参加完一个夏令营从纽约回来，在纽约期间，你住宿在Smith先生家，得到了他很多的帮助。请你用英文给他写一封邮件表达谢意。内容包括：
1.表示感谢；
2.回顾Smith先生对你的帮助与照顾；
3.希望他来中国玩。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
3.适当运用所学的状语从句