高考英语二轮专题复习：长难句分析 课件（31张PPT）

(共32张PPT)
“一划二括三会意，读懂高考长难句”

I think that that “that” that that student wrote on the blackboard was wrong.
Never trouble trouble till trouble troubles you.
Learning contents：
Five basic sentence structures .
How to extend these simple sentences into long sentences
Three steps to analyze a long sentence.
Exercises on long sentences.
我父亲年纪很大。
*My father very old.
My father is very old.
每个句子必须有一个谓语。
part 1：Five basic sentence structures
1.主—系—表（SVP）结构
This girl is beautiful.
That man is a police.
That car is mine.
These flowers smell fragrant.
She looks tired.
be动词（am,is,are）和感官动词（sound,feel,see,watch,look seem等）常用于主系表结构
2. 主—谓（SV）结构
Everyboby laughed.
James is sleeping.
The guests have arrived.
Prices are going down.
在SV结构中，谓语动词通常是不及物动词。
3. 主—谓—宾（SVO）结构
I like ice cream.
Nobody could answer the question.
These boys love basketball.
在SVO中，通常用及物动词，随后须跟宾语。
4. 主—谓—宾—宾（SVoO）结构
Mary lent me her car.
Someone left you this note.
在SVoO中，及物动词之后须跟两个宾语（间接宾语和直接宾语），这种动词又叫“双宾语及物动词”。
5. 主—谓—宾语—补（SVOC）结构
We made him our spokesman.
They elected him president.
They painted the walls green.
在SVOC中，及物动词之后须跟宾语和宾语补足语，这种动词又叫“复杂宾语及物动词”。
任何一个成分都为分句结构所必需，缺少任何一个都会破坏结构的完整性。从这个角度看，状语在句中通常并不是不可缺少的成分
Judge the sructure of these sentences
Jane arrived.
Jane looks fine.
Jane loves John.
Jane gave John a kiss.
Jane called John honey.
SV
SVC
SVO
SVOO
SVOC
基本句型的扩大
1. 分句的并列
2. 使用从属分句
3. 增加修饰成分
Section Two: How to extend these simple sentences into long sentences
He works hard.
He works hard for a company.
Living with his son, he works hard for a company which was founded in 2002.
Living with his son, he works hard for a company which was founded in 2002 and most of his workmates show great respect for him.
He works hard for a company which was founded in 2002.
(介词短语prepositional
phrases)
(从句clauses)
(非谓语non-predicate verbs)
(并列结构parallel structures)
我们发现教室里坐满了学生和教师，他们在听一个讲座。
我们发现教室里坐满了学生和教师。
We find the classroom
full of students and teachers.
We find the classroom full of students and teachers，____________________________
非限制性定语从句
由短变长
who are listening to a lecture.
我们发现教室里坐满了学生和教师，他们在认真听陈老师，我们以前的英语老师的一个重要讲座。
We find the classroom full of students and teachers，who are listening __________to an important lecture________________________
given by Ms Chen, our former
English teacher .
过去分词短语作定语
attentively
同位语
我们发现教室里坐满了学生和教师，他们在认真听我们以前的英语老师陈老师关于如何处理长难句的重要讲座。
We find the classroom full of students and teachers，who are listening attentively to an important lecture given by Ms Chen,
our former English teacher,________________________
on how to deal with long and complex sentences .
prepositional phrases（介短）
clauses（从句）
non-predicate verbs（非谓语）
A long sentence
1. trunk(主干部分): S.+V.+(O.)…
2. modifiers
修饰语部分
3. parallel structures （并列结构）
(A and/or B; A, B, and/or C)
小结：
Section Three:
Three steps to analyze a long sentence.
一划 (二括) “三会意”
（以近五年高考真题长句为例）
一划: 划主干(trunk), 给主谓宾.(S.V.O.)划___。
2. Bed that are too small, shower heads(淋浴喷头) that are too low, and restaurant tables with hardly any leg-room（腿部空间）all make life difficult for those of above average height.
1. Charles Darwin, over 150 years ago, imagined a world that is far busier, nosier and more intimate(亲密的) than the one we can see and hear.(2017年全国二卷)
二括: 给修饰语(modifiers)介短, 非谓和从句加( )。
1. Two of the authors of the review made a study published in 2014 which showed a five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes. (2018全国一卷语法填空)
2. For many older people who lived in the country, driving was very important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out without having to rely on others. (2017全国二卷D篇)
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In an effort to prevent language loss, scholars from a number of organizations, including UNESCO and National Geographic, have for many years been recording dying languages and the culture which they reflect. (2014年全国一卷阅读D篇)
Many scholars are making efforts to ______
promote global languages.
rescue the disappearing languages.
search for languages communities.
set up languages research organizations.
三会意：抓主题，去修饰，逻辑关系要注意。
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高考长难句分析口诀
长难句，看仔细。
一划二括三会意。
主谓宾，先注意。（一划）
(介短非谓和从句)。（二括）
抓主题，去修饰。（三会意）
逻辑关系要注意。
Section Three: Practice(一划，二括，三会意)
1. Back in 1983, as two scientists reported, young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get.(2017年全国二卷)
What does a plant do when it is under attack?
It makes noise.
It gets help from other plants.
C. It stands quietly.
D. It sends out certain chemicals.
D
Section Three: Practice(一划，二括，三会意)
2. When you have bought a fish and arrive home, you’d better store the fish in the refrigerator if you don’t cook it immediately (2016年全国三卷7选5阅读)
When buying fish, you should first smell it.
The fish will go bad within hours.
Do not buy it.
The easiest is to steam it.
This is how you can do it.
It requires a little knowledge.
The fats in fish are thought to help prevent heart disease.
______
Section Three: Practice(一划，二括，三会意)
3. In his first years of high school, he would look pityingly at music students, ____ across the campus with their heavy instrument cases, turning up at school for practice hours before anyone else had to be there. (2017年江苏卷完形填空)
1. A. traveling B. marching C. pacing D. struggling
D
长难句初体验：
The opinion that breakfast is the most vital meal of the day is so widespread that an increasing number of people from big cities are surprised to learn that there is a lack of scientific evidence showing how breakfast may directly cause changes in our health.
The opinion that breakfast is the most basic meal of the day is so widespread that an increasing number of people are surprised to learn that there is a lack of scientific evidence showing how breakfast may directly cause changes in our health.
Try again!(一划，二括，三会意)
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Best wishes to you!
We all know that choice is more important than effort, but few of us know that effort is the most important choice.
Nothing is impossible! Even the word?itself says “I'm Possible”!
Persistence?produces?miracles!
坚持铸就奇迹！