2020高考英语新题型—读后续写和概要写作课件78(共19张PPT)
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| 名称 | 2020高考英语新题型—读后续写和概要写作课件78(共19张PPT) |  | |
| 格式 | zip | ||
| 文件大小 | 1.6MB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | |||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2020-07-07 19:01:35 | ||
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文档简介
(共19张PPT)
概要写作
文本内容与结构解读
写作思路解读
写作思路微技能之主题词策略
表达微技能之高度概括篇
牛刀小试
参考范文欣赏
体裁：记叙文
主题： a deadly infectious disease
结构：
Para 1
Para 4
Para 2&3
Para 6
Para 5
1.文本内容与结构解读
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
On the 20th of January 1925 in Nome, North Alaska, Dr. Welch diagnosed a Sick boy, Billy, with diphtheria, a deadly infectious (传染的) disease mainly affecting children. The children of Nome would be helpless if it hit the town. Dr. Welch needed medicine as soon as possible to prevent the sickness from spreading. However, the closest supply was over 1,000 miles away. What’s worse, the town was cut off from the outside world a heavy snow --- the medicine seemed impossible.
By January 26, Billy and three other children had died. Twenty more were sick. Nome’s town officials came up with a plan. They would sent the medicine by train to Nenana. From there, dogsled (狗拉雪橇) drivers — known as “mushers” — would carry it to Nome in a relay (接力).
The race began on January 27. The first musher, Shannon, picked up the medicine from the train at Nenana and rode all night. His face was black from the extreme cold.
②
③
①
要把握好记叙文的文章脉络必须掌握好记叙文的六个要素：时间、地点、人物、起因、经过、结果。
On January 31, a musher named Seppala had to cross a frozen body of water called Norton Sound. It was the most?dangerous part of the journey. Norton Sound was covered with ice, which could break up without warning. If that happened, Seppala might fall into the icy water below. He and the sick children would all?die. But?Seppala made it across.
A huge snowstorm hit on February1. A musher?named Kaasen had to brave this storm. At one point, huge piles of snow blocked his way. He had to leave the trail to get around them. Conditions were so bad that it was impossible for him to?find the trail again. The only hope was Kaasen’s lead dog. The dog put his nose to the ground, trying to find the smell of other dogs that had traveled on the trail. If Balto failed, it would mean disaster for Nome. Minutes later, the dog finally found the trail.
At 5:30 am on February 2, Kaasen and his dog?arrived?in Nome. Within minutes, Dr. Welch had the medicine. He quickly gave it to the sick children. All of them recovered.
④
⑤
⑥
1.文本内容与结构解读
时间（when） the 20th of January 1925, January 26, January 27, January 31, February 1, February 2
地点（where） Nome,
North Alaska
人物
（who） Dr. Welch, the children of Nome, mushers
起因
（why） a deadly infectious disease, the town was cut off
经过
（how） a relay
结果（what） All of them recovered.
Para 1. On the 20th of January 1925 in Nome, North Alaska, Dr. Welch diagnosed a Sick boy, Billy, with diphtheria, a deadly infectious (传染的) disease mainly affecting children. The children of Nome would be helpless if it hit the town. Dr. Welch needed medicine as soon as possible to prevent the sickness from spreading. However, the closest supply was over 1,000 miles away.What’s worse, the town was cut off from the outside world a heavy snow --- medicine seemed impossible.
写作思路解读
On the 20th of January 1925, a deadly infectious disease endangered the children’s lives of Nome and a heavy snow made the medicine seem impossible.（要点1）
一个问题：disease
写作思路微技能：主题词是全文发展的核心，统帅全文。
Para 2. By January 26, Billy and three other children had died. Twenty more were sick. Nome’s town officials came up with a plan. They would sent the medicine by train to Nenana. From there, dogsled (狗拉雪橇) drivers — known as “mushers” — would carry it to Nome in a relay(接力).
Para 3. The race began on January 27. The first musher, Shannon, picked up the medicine from the train at Nenana and rode all night. His face was black from the extreme cold.
写作思路解读
After four deaths by January 26, the officials of the town decided to carry the medicine by dogsled and the plan began on January 27.
（要点2）
方案的提出和实施：plan
Para 4. On January 31, a musher named Seppala had to cross a frozen body of water called Norton Sound. It was the most?dangerous part of the journey. Norton Sound was covered with ice, which could break up without warning. If that happened, Seppala might fall into the icy water below. He and the sick children would all?die. But?Seppala made it.
写作思路解读
On January 31, the musher had to cross a frozen body of water in danger of losing his life and it’s the dangerous part of the journey.（要点3）
运输过程中遇到的主要困难之一：a frozen body of water
Para 5. A huge snowstorm hit on February1. A musher?named Kaasen had to brave this storm. At one point, huge piles of snow blocked his way. He had to leave the trail to get around them. Conditions were so bad that it was impossible for him to?find the trail again. The only hope was Kaasen’s lead dog. The dog put his nose to the ground, trying to find the smell of other dogs that had traveled on the trail. If Balto failed, it would mean disaster for Nome. Minutes later, the dog finally found the trail.
写作思路解读
A huge snowstorm blocked the way on February 1 and the musher needed to depend on the lead dog to find the trail again. Luckily, he finally made it.（要点4）
运输过程中遇到的主要困难之二：A huge snowstorm
Para 6. At 5:30 am on February 2, Kaasen and his dog?arrived?in Nome. Within minutes, Dr. Welch had the medicine. He quickly gave it to the sick children. All of them recovered.
写作思路解读
The medicine finally on February 2 and the children of the town were saved.（要点5）
最后结果：recover
若将上述的所有要点连句成文，便得到了这样一段概要：
On the 20th of January 1925, a deadly infectious disease endangered the children’s lives of Nome and a heavy snow made the medicine seem impossible. After four deaths by January 26, the officials of the town decided to carry the medicine by dogsled and the plan began on January 27. On January 31, the musher had to cross a frozen body of water in danger of losing his life and it’s the dangerous part of the journey. A huge snowstorm blocked the way on February 1 and the musher needed to depend on the lead dog to find the trail again. Luckily, he finally made it. The medicine finally arrived on February 2 and the children of the town were saved. (121 w)
写作思路解读
点评：该概要尽管覆盖了文章的全部要点，但字数严重超标，此外，有些表达过于单一、冗长，又缺乏连贯性。这些与概要写作的评分标准要求相差甚远。那么我们该如何用自己的话进行改写，让文章更简洁精炼呢？
3.表达微技能之合并句子
在概要写作阅卷的评分标准中，五档（21—25分）的评分要求为：① 理解准确，涵盖全部要点；② 能准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇；③ 有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使所完成的概要结构紧凑；④ 完全使用自己的语言。这五个评分要求是有内在的逻辑关系的，可将其连接成一个句子：完全使用自己的语言，准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇，同时有效使用句子间的连接成分，使形成一篇结构紧凑、涵盖全部要点的概要写作。
3.表达微技能之合并句子
在此之外字数必须控制在60字左右。也就是说在找到全部要点的大前提下，必须使用相应手段使字数控制在60字左右，这也就要求概要的内容和形式都必须具备高度的概括性。
但是我们在进行概要写作时有时候会面对这样的问题：
1.一个要点需要涵盖的内容分布在多个句子之中，即使在进行初步的概括之后仍需要复数单句才能完整表达,记叙文要点信息尤为分散。
2.要点之间存在一定的相似性。这时候学会如何合并句子或者糅合存在相似性的要点就显得至关重要。
下面我们将以此文本为例，聚焦“合并句子”技能在概要写作中的运用。
1. On the 20th of January 1925, a deadly infectious disease endangered the children’s lives of Nome and a heavy snow made the medicine seemed impossible.
要点一是由“and”连接的并列句，主要信息为：疫情袭击小镇；大雪使药物供给困难。经整合即为：因为一场大雪，小镇所需控制疫情的药物供给变得困难。经重新整合如下：
A heavy snow made the medicine for the disease seem impossible, endangering the children’s lives in Nome .
要点一的整合是以“A heavy snow made the medicine seemed impossible.”为主句，运用“endangering the children’s lives in Nome” 的非谓语动词结构完成了并列句的合并。
2. After four deaths by January 26, the officials of the town decided to carry the medicine by dogsled and the plan began on January 27.
要点二同样是由“and”连接的并列句，主要信息为：小镇官员最后计划以狗拉雪橇来运输药品，并于计划提出次日开始实施。经重新整合如下：
The town officials finally put forward a plan of carrying medicine by dogsled, which began on the next day.
3.表达微技能之合并句子
3. On January 31, the musher had to cross a frozen body of water in danger of losing his life and it’s the dangerous part of the journey.
4. A huge snowstorm blocked the way on February 1 and the musher needed to depend on the lead dog to find the trail again. Luckily, he finally made it.
要点三和要点四在作用和存在的形式上存在一定的相似性，而且在原文中也是举例的形式存在的，因此我们不妨将要点三与要点四重新整合如下：
The dogsled drivers overcame a lot of difficulties, such as a frozen body of water and a huge snowstorm.
当然此句中的“such as”也可以用“like, for example, for instance”等词替换，再做句型的相应调整。
5. The medicine finally arrived on February 2 and the children of the town were saved.
要点五同样是由“and”连接的并列句，主要信息为：药物最终送达，小镇病儿最终得救。“and”前后连接的两个句子存在一定的因果联系，因此可以整合如下：
The children of the town were saved as the medicine finally arrived.
要点五的整合中运用了一个由“as”引导的原因状语从句。
3.表达微技能之合并句子
一、运用从句、独立主格等技巧改写句子或将句子补充完整。
1. The meeting was over. All of us went home.?(运用独立主格结构合并句子)
The meeting _________, all of us went home.?
2. If the condition is favorable, he may succeed. (运用独立主格结构合并句子)
The condition ______________, he may succeed.?
3. Since there was no taxi, we had to walk. (运用独立主格结构合并句子)
_________ no taxi, we had to walk.
4. Almost all metals are good conductors, and silver is the best of all. (运用独立主格结构合并句子)
Almost all metals are good conductors, silver
__________________.
5.牛刀小试
being over
being favorable
There being
being the best of all
5.甚至当空中没有飞机的时候也能在唐山市外听见飞机的声。
The sound of planes could be heard outside the city of Tangshan even __________________________.
(运用状语从句将句子补充完整)
6. 很遗憾，因为我不是在那里出生的，所以我没有有色人种省份证。
Sadly I did not have a passbook ___________________________. (运用状语从句将句子补充完整)
7. He is a great boy. His name will be remembered.(运用非限制性定语从句合并句子)
_____________________________________________________.
5.牛刀小试
when no planes were in the sky
because I was not born there
He is a great boy, whose name will be remembered.
8. This is the factory. I worked in the factory ten years ago. (运用定语从句合并两个句子)
______________________________________________________________________________.
9. He can speak four foreign languages. He can speak English and Japanese. (合并句子)
_____________________________________________________________________________.
5.牛刀小试
He can speak four foreign languages like/ such as/ including English and Japanese.
This is the factory where I worked ten years ago. / This is the factory in which I worked ten years ago.
参考范文欣赏
In January, 1925, a heavy snow made medicine for the disease impossible, endangering the children’s lives in Nome. (要点1) The town officials finally planned to carry medicine by dogsled on January 26, which began on the next day. (要点2) The dogsled drivers overcame a lot of difficulties, like a frozen body of water and a huge snowstorm. (要点3、4) The children of the town were saved as the medicine finally arrived on February 2. (要点5) (73w)
概要写作
文本内容与结构解读
写作思路解读
写作思路微技能之主题词策略
表达微技能之高度概括篇
牛刀小试
参考范文欣赏
体裁：记叙文
主题： a deadly infectious disease
结构：
Para 1
Para 4
Para 2&3
Para 6
Para 5
1.文本内容与结构解读
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
On the 20th of January 1925 in Nome, North Alaska, Dr. Welch diagnosed a Sick boy, Billy, with diphtheria, a deadly infectious (传染的) disease mainly affecting children. The children of Nome would be helpless if it hit the town. Dr. Welch needed medicine as soon as possible to prevent the sickness from spreading. However, the closest supply was over 1,000 miles away. What’s worse, the town was cut off from the outside world a heavy snow --- the medicine seemed impossible.
By January 26, Billy and three other children had died. Twenty more were sick. Nome’s town officials came up with a plan. They would sent the medicine by train to Nenana. From there, dogsled (狗拉雪橇) drivers — known as “mushers” — would carry it to Nome in a relay (接力).
The race began on January 27. The first musher, Shannon, picked up the medicine from the train at Nenana and rode all night. His face was black from the extreme cold.
②
③
①
要把握好记叙文的文章脉络必须掌握好记叙文的六个要素：时间、地点、人物、起因、经过、结果。
On January 31, a musher named Seppala had to cross a frozen body of water called Norton Sound. It was the most?dangerous part of the journey. Norton Sound was covered with ice, which could break up without warning. If that happened, Seppala might fall into the icy water below. He and the sick children would all?die. But?Seppala made it across.
A huge snowstorm hit on February1. A musher?named Kaasen had to brave this storm. At one point, huge piles of snow blocked his way. He had to leave the trail to get around them. Conditions were so bad that it was impossible for him to?find the trail again. The only hope was Kaasen’s lead dog. The dog put his nose to the ground, trying to find the smell of other dogs that had traveled on the trail. If Balto failed, it would mean disaster for Nome. Minutes later, the dog finally found the trail.
At 5:30 am on February 2, Kaasen and his dog?arrived?in Nome. Within minutes, Dr. Welch had the medicine. He quickly gave it to the sick children. All of them recovered.
④
⑤
⑥
1.文本内容与结构解读
时间（when） the 20th of January 1925, January 26, January 27, January 31, February 1, February 2
地点（where） Nome,
North Alaska
人物
（who） Dr. Welch, the children of Nome, mushers
起因
（why） a deadly infectious disease, the town was cut off
经过
（how） a relay
结果（what） All of them recovered.
Para 1. On the 20th of January 1925 in Nome, North Alaska, Dr. Welch diagnosed a Sick boy, Billy, with diphtheria, a deadly infectious (传染的) disease mainly affecting children. The children of Nome would be helpless if it hit the town. Dr. Welch needed medicine as soon as possible to prevent the sickness from spreading. However, the closest supply was over 1,000 miles away.What’s worse, the town was cut off from the outside world a heavy snow --- medicine seemed impossible.
写作思路解读
On the 20th of January 1925, a deadly infectious disease endangered the children’s lives of Nome and a heavy snow made the medicine seem impossible.（要点1）
一个问题：disease
写作思路微技能：主题词是全文发展的核心，统帅全文。
Para 2. By January 26, Billy and three other children had died. Twenty more were sick. Nome’s town officials came up with a plan. They would sent the medicine by train to Nenana. From there, dogsled (狗拉雪橇) drivers — known as “mushers” — would carry it to Nome in a relay(接力).
Para 3. The race began on January 27. The first musher, Shannon, picked up the medicine from the train at Nenana and rode all night. His face was black from the extreme cold.
写作思路解读
After four deaths by January 26, the officials of the town decided to carry the medicine by dogsled and the plan began on January 27.
（要点2）
方案的提出和实施：plan
Para 4. On January 31, a musher named Seppala had to cross a frozen body of water called Norton Sound. It was the most?dangerous part of the journey. Norton Sound was covered with ice, which could break up without warning. If that happened, Seppala might fall into the icy water below. He and the sick children would all?die. But?Seppala made it.
写作思路解读
On January 31, the musher had to cross a frozen body of water in danger of losing his life and it’s the dangerous part of the journey.（要点3）
运输过程中遇到的主要困难之一：a frozen body of water
Para 5. A huge snowstorm hit on February1. A musher?named Kaasen had to brave this storm. At one point, huge piles of snow blocked his way. He had to leave the trail to get around them. Conditions were so bad that it was impossible for him to?find the trail again. The only hope was Kaasen’s lead dog. The dog put his nose to the ground, trying to find the smell of other dogs that had traveled on the trail. If Balto failed, it would mean disaster for Nome. Minutes later, the dog finally found the trail.
写作思路解读
A huge snowstorm blocked the way on February 1 and the musher needed to depend on the lead dog to find the trail again. Luckily, he finally made it.（要点4）
运输过程中遇到的主要困难之二：A huge snowstorm
Para 6. At 5:30 am on February 2, Kaasen and his dog?arrived?in Nome. Within minutes, Dr. Welch had the medicine. He quickly gave it to the sick children. All of them recovered.
写作思路解读
The medicine finally on February 2 and the children of the town were saved.（要点5）
最后结果：recover
若将上述的所有要点连句成文，便得到了这样一段概要：
On the 20th of January 1925, a deadly infectious disease endangered the children’s lives of Nome and a heavy snow made the medicine seem impossible. After four deaths by January 26, the officials of the town decided to carry the medicine by dogsled and the plan began on January 27. On January 31, the musher had to cross a frozen body of water in danger of losing his life and it’s the dangerous part of the journey. A huge snowstorm blocked the way on February 1 and the musher needed to depend on the lead dog to find the trail again. Luckily, he finally made it. The medicine finally arrived on February 2 and the children of the town were saved. (121 w)
写作思路解读
点评：该概要尽管覆盖了文章的全部要点，但字数严重超标，此外，有些表达过于单一、冗长，又缺乏连贯性。这些与概要写作的评分标准要求相差甚远。那么我们该如何用自己的话进行改写，让文章更简洁精炼呢？
3.表达微技能之合并句子
在概要写作阅卷的评分标准中，五档（21—25分）的评分要求为：① 理解准确，涵盖全部要点；② 能准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇；③ 有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使所完成的概要结构紧凑；④ 完全使用自己的语言。这五个评分要求是有内在的逻辑关系的，可将其连接成一个句子：完全使用自己的语言，准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇，同时有效使用句子间的连接成分，使形成一篇结构紧凑、涵盖全部要点的概要写作。
3.表达微技能之合并句子
在此之外字数必须控制在60字左右。也就是说在找到全部要点的大前提下，必须使用相应手段使字数控制在60字左右，这也就要求概要的内容和形式都必须具备高度的概括性。
但是我们在进行概要写作时有时候会面对这样的问题：
1.一个要点需要涵盖的内容分布在多个句子之中，即使在进行初步的概括之后仍需要复数单句才能完整表达,记叙文要点信息尤为分散。
2.要点之间存在一定的相似性。这时候学会如何合并句子或者糅合存在相似性的要点就显得至关重要。
下面我们将以此文本为例，聚焦“合并句子”技能在概要写作中的运用。
1. On the 20th of January 1925, a deadly infectious disease endangered the children’s lives of Nome and a heavy snow made the medicine seemed impossible.
要点一是由“and”连接的并列句，主要信息为：疫情袭击小镇；大雪使药物供给困难。经整合即为：因为一场大雪，小镇所需控制疫情的药物供给变得困难。经重新整合如下：
A heavy snow made the medicine for the disease seem impossible, endangering the children’s lives in Nome .
要点一的整合是以“A heavy snow made the medicine seemed impossible.”为主句，运用“endangering the children’s lives in Nome” 的非谓语动词结构完成了并列句的合并。
2. After four deaths by January 26, the officials of the town decided to carry the medicine by dogsled and the plan began on January 27.
要点二同样是由“and”连接的并列句，主要信息为：小镇官员最后计划以狗拉雪橇来运输药品，并于计划提出次日开始实施。经重新整合如下：
The town officials finally put forward a plan of carrying medicine by dogsled, which began on the next day.
3.表达微技能之合并句子
3. On January 31, the musher had to cross a frozen body of water in danger of losing his life and it’s the dangerous part of the journey.
4. A huge snowstorm blocked the way on February 1 and the musher needed to depend on the lead dog to find the trail again. Luckily, he finally made it.
要点三和要点四在作用和存在的形式上存在一定的相似性，而且在原文中也是举例的形式存在的，因此我们不妨将要点三与要点四重新整合如下：
The dogsled drivers overcame a lot of difficulties, such as a frozen body of water and a huge snowstorm.
当然此句中的“such as”也可以用“like, for example, for instance”等词替换，再做句型的相应调整。
5. The medicine finally arrived on February 2 and the children of the town were saved.
要点五同样是由“and”连接的并列句，主要信息为：药物最终送达，小镇病儿最终得救。“and”前后连接的两个句子存在一定的因果联系，因此可以整合如下：
The children of the town were saved as the medicine finally arrived.
要点五的整合中运用了一个由“as”引导的原因状语从句。
3.表达微技能之合并句子
一、运用从句、独立主格等技巧改写句子或将句子补充完整。
1. The meeting was over. All of us went home.?(运用独立主格结构合并句子)
The meeting _________, all of us went home.?
2. If the condition is favorable, he may succeed. (运用独立主格结构合并句子)
The condition ______________, he may succeed.?
3. Since there was no taxi, we had to walk. (运用独立主格结构合并句子)
_________ no taxi, we had to walk.
4. Almost all metals are good conductors, and silver is the best of all. (运用独立主格结构合并句子)
Almost all metals are good conductors, silver
__________________.
5.牛刀小试
being over
being favorable
There being
being the best of all
5.甚至当空中没有飞机的时候也能在唐山市外听见飞机的声。
The sound of planes could be heard outside the city of Tangshan even __________________________.
(运用状语从句将句子补充完整)
6. 很遗憾，因为我不是在那里出生的，所以我没有有色人种省份证。
Sadly I did not have a passbook ___________________________. (运用状语从句将句子补充完整)
7. He is a great boy. His name will be remembered.(运用非限制性定语从句合并句子)
_____________________________________________________.
5.牛刀小试
when no planes were in the sky
because I was not born there
He is a great boy, whose name will be remembered.
8. This is the factory. I worked in the factory ten years ago. (运用定语从句合并两个句子)
______________________________________________________________________________.
9. He can speak four foreign languages. He can speak English and Japanese. (合并句子)
_____________________________________________________________________________.
5.牛刀小试
He can speak four foreign languages like/ such as/ including English and Japanese.
This is the factory where I worked ten years ago. / This is the factory in which I worked ten years ago.
参考范文欣赏
In January, 1925, a heavy snow made medicine for the disease impossible, endangering the children’s lives in Nome. (要点1) The town officials finally planned to carry medicine by dogsled on January 26, which began on the next day. (要点2) The dogsled drivers overcame a lot of difficulties, like a frozen body of water and a huge snowstorm. (要点3、4) The children of the town were saved as the medicine finally arrived on February 2. (要点5) (73w)