(共5张PPT)
Unit 4 HISTORY AND TRADITIONS
Section A Listening and Speaking
核心词汇
词汇一 be similar to
◆教材原句
Why do you think William said his hometown was similar to Qufu? 你认为为什么威廉说他的家乡和曲阜很像？
◆要点必记
be similar in 在……方面相似 be the same as 与……相同
be different from 与……不同 be different in 在……方面不同
◆词语积累
similarity n 相似点；类似
题组练·领悟方法
◆单句语法填空
（1）［词汇复现］A palace is a place. They are similar each other in appearance，but different in pronunciation.
（2） The two cars are very similar size and design.
（3）［2016·浙江卷］In many ways，the education system in the US is not very different
that in the UK.
◆单句写作
（4） My teaching style （和……相似）that of most teachers.
（5） Paul （在……方面相似）appearance to his brother.
to
in
from
is similar to
is similar in
词汇二 Achilles’ heel（喻）（希腊神话）阿喀琉斯的脚跟，致命的弱点
◆要点必记
英语中常用的习语：
pull one’s leg 同某人开玩笑 fish out of water 因环境不熟悉而感到不舒服或尴尬的人
fly off the handle 大发雷霆 be over the moon 欣喜若狂
laugh one’s head off 大笑不止，狂笑不已 be all ears 全神贯注地听，洗耳恭听
child’s play 很容易的事 green fingers 园艺技能
last straw 救命稻草 an early bird 早起的人
a wet blanket 扫兴的人或事 a lucky dog 幸运儿
a tough nut 难对付的人
◆单句写作
（1）“杰克还是不由自主地担心自己的求职面试。” “恐怕缺乏自信是他的致命弱点。”
—Jack still can’t help being anxious about his job interview.
—Lack of self-confidence is his ，I am afraid.
（2） 你是说真的，还是逗我玩的？ Are you for real，or are you just ?
（3） 被一群陌生人围着，她感到很不自在。
Surrounded by a crowd of strangers，she felt like a .
（4）“你为什么不邀请约翰参加你的生日聚会？” “哦，你知道他就会让人扫兴。”
—Why didn’t you invite John to your birthday party?
—Well，you know he’s .
Achilles’ heel
pulling my leg
fish out of water
a wet blanket(共40张PPT)
Unit 4 HISTORY AND TRADITIONS
Section B Reading and Thinking
核心词汇
词汇一 puzzle （1）n. 谜；智力游戏；疑问 （2）vt. 迷惑；使困惑
◆教材原句
Getting to know a little bit about British history will help you solve this puzzle.了解一点英国历史将有助于你解决这个难题。
◆要点必记
solve a puzzle 解决难题 in a puzzle 不知如何是好，感到困惑
puzzle over/about 苦苦思索 crossword puzzle 填字游戏
◆词语积累
puzzlement n. 迷惑，困惑 puzzled adj. 感到迷惑的 puzzling adj. 令人迷惑的
说明：-ing 形容词常说明事物的性质； -ed 形容词常说明人的感受或修饰人的表情、声音等。
题组练·领悟方法
◆单句语法填空
（1） The girl looked at me with a expression. Maybe the problem was quite . （puzzle）
（2） Facing the situation，the chief manager looked . （puzzle）
◆单句写作
（3） People have long （苦苦思索）how the Egyptians moved such huge rocks.
（4） Jack （感到困惑）that Nicholas didn’t seem to recognize him.
（5） I explained the （令人困惑的问题）carefully， but from his
（迷惑的表情），I knew he was still in （困惑）.
puzzled
puzzling
puzzling
puzzled
puzzled over/ about
was/felt puzzled
puzzling question
puzzled look
a puzzle
词汇二 join... to... 把……和……连接或联结起来
◆要点必记
join A to/and B 把A 和B 连接起来
connect... to/with/and... 把……与……连接起来（具体含义）
join in 参加；加入
join （with）sb. in doing sth. 和某人一起做某事
◆单句语法填空
（1）［词汇复现］Every individual or group is joined the world by the Internet.
（2） In the evening there was a barbecue，with the whole village （join）in the fun.
◆单句写作
（3） one section of pipe （把……和……连接起来） the next.
to
joining
Join
to/and
词汇三 break away（from sb./sth.）（1）脱离 （2）背叛 （3）逃脱
◆教材原句
Finally，in the 20th century，the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK， which resulted in the full name we have today... 最后，在20 世纪，爱尔兰南部脱离英国，形成了我们今天的全称……
◆要点必记
break down 出故障；垮掉；失败 break into 强行闯入
break in（强行进入）打断，搅扰 break through 突破
break out （战争、火灾等）突然发生，爆发
break up（团体）解散；（关系）破裂
◆单句写作
（1）With so many problems unsettled，a few countries wanted to
（脱离）the Union.
（2） The boy （挣脱）his mother and ran away.
◆单句语法填空
（3） The Union first consisted of several countries，one of which broke away it later because of conflicts.
（4） It was the fact that his car broke on the way this afternoon that made him late for the meeting.
（5） The fire broke during the day，and therefore almost no one was injured.
break away from
broke away from
from
down
out
词汇四 result in 导致，造成
◆教材原句
Finally，in the 20th century，the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK， which resulted in the full name we have today... 最后，在20 世纪，爱尔兰南部脱离英国，形成了我们今天的全称……
◆要点必记
result in 导致，造成
result from 由于
as a result 因此，结果
as a result of 由于
◆单句语法填空
（1） The terrible accident resulted careless driving.
（2）［词汇复现］The accident resulted heavy losses because many cultural relics were destroyed.
（3） He studies very hard. As result，he now speaks brilliant English.
（4） He has a preference for literature as a result the influence from his mother.
◆句型转换
（5） His failure resulted from not working hard enough.
= _______________________________________________________________________
from
in
a
of
Not working hard enough resulted in his failure.
词汇五 refer to... as 把……称为……
◆教材原句
People from the UK are called “British”， which means the UK is also often referred to as Britain or Great Britain. 来自英国的人被称为“British”，这意味着英国也经常被称为不列颠或大不列颠。
◆要点必记
（1）refer to 指的是；提到；涉及；参考
refer to his experiences 谈到他的经历 refer to the problem about society 涉及社会问题
refer to a dictionary 查字典 refer to your notes 参考一下你的笔记
refer... to... 把……提交……；把……归功于……；把……称作……
（2）for future reference 供日后参考
◆单句语法填空
（1） Who do you think the teacher is referring ?
（2） The scientist referred to the discovery the most exciting new development in this field.
（3）Write down the phone number of that restaurant for future （refer）.
◆单句写作
（4） Some scientific stories this book （提及）have come true now.
（5） When reading，you’d better avoid （查阅字典）too often.
（6） Coal （通常被称作）a fossil fuel.
（7） Put down the names of the products in your notebook （供日后参考）.
to
as
reference
refers to
referring to your dictionary
is usually referred to as
for future reference
词汇六 belong to （1）属于（某人）（2）是（俱乐部、组织等）的成员 （3）是（某族类或纲目）的一部分
◆教材原句
The four countries that belong to the United Kingdom work together in some areas. 所属英国的四个部分在一些领域进行了合作。
◆要点必记
belong vi. 应在（某处）；适应 belongings n. （pl.）所有物；财产，财物
personal belongings 个人财物，私人用品
◆学法点拨
（1）belong to 既不能用于被动语态，也 不能用于进行时态。但可用belong to 的现在分词形式作后置定语。 （2）to 是介词，后面可跟名词或代词作 宾语。
◆单句写作
（1） Professor Williams keeps telling his students that the future （属于）the well-educated.
（2） He was upset that the valuable watch （属于他的）was lost yesterday.
◆单句语法填空
（3） The old house （belong）to my grandfather was still in good condition.
（4） I just escaped from the flood and all my （belong）were swept away.
（5）［词汇复现］If someone belongs a particular group，he or she is a member of that group.
belongs to
belonging to him
belonging
belongings
to
词汇七 as well as（1）同（一样也） （2）和；还
◆教材原句
They use the same flag，known as the Union Jack，as well as share the same currency and military defence. 他们使用同样的国旗，即英国国旗，还使用同样的货币和军事防御。
◆要点必记
A as well as/together with/along with B + 谓语动词+ 其他，谓语动词的单复数由 A 决定
◆学法点拨
not only A but also B 不但 A ……而且 B ……（强调B ）
A as well as B 不但 B ……而且 A …… （强调A ）
◆单句语法填空
（1） Peter as well as his friends （like） to listen to classical music.
（2） Not only he but also his brothers （work）like mad at the moment.
（3）［词汇复现］He gave me some good tips as well some warnings.
（4） Dr Smith，as well as his wife and daughters， （be）going to visit Beijing this summer.
◆一句多译
他不但种花，而且种菜。
（5） He grows vegetables flowers.
（6） He grows vegetables flowers.
likes
are working
as
is
as well as
not only
but also
词汇八 defence n. 防御；保卫
◆要点必记
（1）in defence of 为……辩护；捍卫，保卫 build up a defence 筑起一道防线
defence against 抵御…… in one’s defence 站在某人一边；为某人辩护
come to one’s defence 出来保护某人
（2）defend vt. 保护；保卫
defend... from/against... 保护……免受伤害；保卫……
defend oneself against... 为自己辩护
◆误区警示
defence 后接“入侵者”或“造成危害者” 时，介词用against；若接“被保护者”，则介词用of。
◆单句语法填空
（1） The town walls were built as a defence enemy attacks.
（2） Two rescue workers came to his （defend）when the accident happened.
（3） All the policemen have been trained to defend themselves the sudden attacks.
◆单句写作
（4） Mr Green stood up （为……辩护）the little boy，saying that he was not the one to blame.
（5） Thousands of young men came forward，willing to （保卫他们的国家）.
（6） I have to say （为她辩护）that she knew nothing about the incident at first.
against
defence
from/against
in defence of
defend their country
in her defence
词汇九 legal adj. 法律的；合法的
◆教材原句
...all have different education systems and legal systems. ……都有不同的教育体系和法律体系。
◆要点必记
（1）legal rights 合法权利 the legal profession/system 法律专业/ 体系
take legal advice 听取法律方面的建议 over the legal limit 超出法律允许范围
legal documents 法律文件 a legal adviser 法律顾问
（2）illegal 非法的，违法的
◆单句语法填空
（1） The judge said that it was not legal （attack）other people with violence.
（2） He was arrested for possession of （legal）drugs.
◆单句写作
（3） 他们参与了非法活动。
They were involved in .
（4） 今天，越来越多的妇女学会站起来捍卫她们的合法权利。
More and more women today have learned to arise .
to attack
illegal
illegal activities
in defence of their legal rights
词汇十 surround vt. 围绕；包围
◆教材原句
...you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history. ……你都会被四个不同群体的证据所包围，他们在不同的历史时期接管了英国。
◆要点必记
be surrounded by/with... 被…… 环绕/ 包围
◆词语积累
surrounding adj. 周围的，附近的（只用于名词前）
surroundings n. （复数）环境
◆单句写作
（1） The garden （由……包围着）a hedge in which many small creatures can live.
◆单句语法填空
（2）［词汇复现］The poet was surrounded a crowd of people， eager to hear his speech.
（3） Mrs White found her husband （surround）by letters and papers and looking very worried.
（4） （surround）by the clear waters，this forest provides visitors with a wonderful chance to see some endangered birds in the wild.
（5） They live in a beautiful village，with many trees and flowers （surround） it.
is surrounded by/with
by
surrounded
Surrounded
surrounding
词汇十一 evidence n. 证据；证明
◆要点必记
（1）good/clear/strong evidence 充分的 / 明显的/ 有力的证据 gather/collect evidence 收集证据
look for/search for evidence 寻找/ 搜寻证据 hide evidence 隐藏证据
There is evidence that... 有证据表明…… medical/scientific evidence 医学/ 科学证据
give evidence（出庭）作证
（2）evident adj. 明显的，显然的 It is evident that... 很明显……
◆误区警示
一件证据
a piece of evidence（√） an evidence（×）
◆单句语法填空
（1） Evidence has been found through years of study children’s early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up.
（2） All the scientific evidence （show）that increasing use of chemicals in farming
（be）damaging our health.
（3） It is （evidence）that smoking is harmful to health.
◆单句写作
（4） （有 证 据 表 明）the ship sank in a bomb attack.
（5） （很明显）the man is highly thought of in the company.
that
shows
is
evident
There is evidence that
It is evident that
词汇十二 achievement n. （1）［C］成就，成绩 （2）［U］达到
◆教材原句
Some of their great achievements included building towns and roads. 他们的一些伟大成就包括建设城镇和道路。
◆要点必记
（1）quite an achievement 了不起的成就
a sense of achievement 成就感
make an achievement/make achievements 做出成就
（2）achieve success 获得成功
achieve one’s aim/goal 达到目的/ 实现目标
◆单句语法填空
（1） They felt a great sense of to see their children’s . （achieve）
◆单句写作
（2）［词汇复现］The evidence shows that they _______________________________ （已经做出巨大成就）in many ways.
（3） His laziness makes it impossible for him to （获得成功）.
（4） He finally （实现他的目标）of being a scientist after years of struggle.
achievement
achievements
have made great achievements
achieve success
achieved his goal
词汇十三 include doing sth. 包含做某事
◆教材原句
Some of their great achievements included building towns and roads. 他们的一些伟大成就包括建设城镇和道路。
◆要点必记
include vt. 包括 including prep. 包括，包含 included adj. 被包括的
◆误区警示
including 是介词，后接名词、代词或动名词；included 是形容词，意为“包括在内的”，作后置定语。
包括两名同学： including two schoolmates two schoolmates included
◆单句语法填空
（1）［2018· 全国Ⅲ 卷］The classroom is a place for learning and that includes
（learn）from textbooks，and mistakes as well.
（2） In total 200 students went for the picnic， （include）some from No. 3 Middle School.
（3） The container contains many kinds of fruits，apples （include）.
（4） There were five of us， （include）a photographer and a cosmonaut.
（5） As an adult you have a responsibility to look out for your children， which includes
（have）some fun together.
learning
including
included
including
having
词汇十四 location n. 地方
◆教材原句
...left behind lots of new vocabulary，and also the names of many locations across the UK. ……留下了很多新词汇，以及英国许多地方的名字。
◆要点必记
（1）the location of the factory 工厂的位置
the exact/precise location 确切位置
（2）locate vt. 坐落于；位于；找出……的 位置
be located in/on 坐落于，位于 locate Berlin on the map 在地图上找到柏林
◆单句语法填空
（1）［词汇复现］The ancient people built towers in different （locate）for military defence.
（2） China （locate）in the east of Asia with the area of 9，600，000 square kilometres.
◆单句写作
（3） Mount Huang （位于）Anhui Province.
（4） The centre many historical sites. （这个中心位于很容易到达许多古迹的地方。）
locations
is located
is located in
is located within easy reach of
词汇十五 battle （1）n. 战役；搏斗 （2）vi. & vt. 搏斗；奋斗
◆教材原句
They conquered England after the well-known Battle of Hastings in the 11th century. 他们在11 世纪著名的黑斯廷斯战役后征服了英格兰。
◆要点必记
a long/lengthy battle 旷日持久的斗争 a tough/hard battle 艰难的斗争
fight a... battle 打……的仗 win/lose a battle 打赢/ 输掉一场仗
accept the battle 应战 battle against/with 与……战斗
battle for 为……而战，为……而奋斗
◆汉译英
（1） 和困难作斗争________________________________
（2） 争夺时间之战 ________________________________
（3） 为争取同等权利而战________________________________
（4） 为正义而斗争 ________________________________
（5） 为生存而战________________________________
◆单句写作
（6） She has （与……抗争）cancer for two years.
（7） The police are （与……进行艰苦的斗争）crime.
battle against difficulties
battle against time
battle for equal rights
battle for justice
battle for life
battled against
fighting a tough battle against
词汇十六 date back （to）追溯到
◆教材原句
...as it is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times. ……因为它是一个古老的港口城市，它的历史可以追溯到罗马时代。
◆要点必记
（ 1）date back to“追溯到”，相当于 date from，后接时间点。
（ 2）两者都不能用于被动语态和进行时 态，而通常用于一般现在时。
（3）常用现在分词形式作定语。
◆归纳拓展
out of date 过时 up to date 最新的，新式的 to date 迄今，到目前为止
◆单句语法填空
（1） The art of paper-cutting in China may date back the second century.
（2） On the top of the mountain stands an ancient temple （date） from the Tang Dynasty.
◆单句写作
（3） My family has a vase，which is said to （追溯到）the Ming Dynasty.
（4） The building （追溯到）Roman times has been rebuilt recently.
（5） The dictionary is （过时）：many new words have been added to the language since it was published.
to
dating
date back to
dating from
out of date
词汇十七 keep your eyes open（for）留心；留意
◆教材原句
If you keep your eyes open，you will be surprised to find that you can see both its past and its present.
如果你留心，你会惊奇地发现你能看到它的过去和现在。
◆要点必记
（1）keep at it 坚持干，继续苦干
keep up 保持；继续 keep up with 跟上；保持同步；和……保持联系 keep back 阻止；隐瞒
keep away （from）避免接近（……） keep sb. from doing... 阻止某人做……
keep off 使……不接近 keep on 继续
（2）keep fit 保持健康
keep one’s promise 履行诺言 keep in touch with 与……保持联系
◆单句语法填空
（1）［词汇复现］You must keep your （eye）open if you are going to make your trip to the United Kingdom enjoyable and worthwhile.
（2） Keep your eyes open a boy in a red sweater.
（3） You’re walking so fast that I can’t keep up you.
（4） Put the pizza in the bottom of the oven to keep the cheese burning.
eyes
for
with
from
◆单句写作
（5） If you （留心），you can learn a great deal.
（6） I know it’s hard，but （坚持下去）! Don’t give up!
（7） I got the feeling he was （隐瞒了一些事情）.
（8） Many people cannot （跟上） the develop-ment of technology.
keep your eyes open
keep at it
keeping something back
keep up with
重点句式
句式一 if any 如果有的话
◆教材原句
So what is the difference between them，if any? 如果有区别的话，那么它们之间的区别是什么？
◆要点必记
if so 如果是这样的话 if not 如果不是这样；不然，否则
if necessary 如果有必要 if possible 如果可能的话
if ever 如果曾经有的话
◆单句写作
（1） Take the doctor’s advice. （如果是这样的话）， you will overcome distractions in class.
（2） I want to avoid the rush hour traffic （如果可能的话）.
（3） Problems， （如果有的话），should be solved without delay.
（4） Take more exercise. （不然的话），you will be overweight.
（5） The island is seldom， （如果曾经有的话）， visited by ships.
（6） I’ll stay up all night， （如果有必要的话），to get it finished.
If so
if possible
if any
If not
if ever
if necessary
句式二 There be+ 主语+ 非谓语动词.
◆教材原句
There is so much more to learn about the interesting history and culture of the United Kingdom. 关于英国有趣的历史和文化， 还有很多要学习的。
◆要点必记
There be+ 主语+ to do（表示动作尚未发生） There be+ 主语+doing（表示主动和进行）
There be+ 主语+ done（表示被动或完成）
◆误区警示
当主语与其后的不定式是被动关系时， 不定式用主动形式和被动形式均可，有些没有意义上的区别，有些则有区别。
There is no time to lose/to be lost. 时间不容耽搁。
◆单句语法填空
（1） There are still millions of people （suffer）from hunger nowadays.
（2） There will be some volunteers （help）in remote areas.
（3） There is still some support （give）by the local people.
（4） There is a castle （build）in the 11th century.
（5） Last night，there were millions of people （watch）the opening ceremony live on TV.
◆句型转换
（6） There are some students on the playground. They are playing basketball.
→ There are some students on the playground basketball.
suffering
to help
given
built
watching
playing(共31张PPT)
Unit 4 HISTORY AND TRADITIONS
Section C Discovering Useful Structures
词汇一 charge （1）n. 收费；指控；主管 （2）vt. 收费；控告；充电
◆教材原句
...where we could get our car battery charged.……在那里我们可以给汽车电池充电。
◆要点必记
搭配 1 take charge of 主管；负责 free of charge 免费（=for free）
in/under the charge of 由……负责/ 掌管
搭配2 charge sb. for sth. 因某事/ 某物向某人收费
charge sb. with sth. /doing sth. 指控某人（做）某事
比较： 人+ in charge of + 事 事+ in the charge of + 人
◆单句语法填空
（1） —How much do you charge me it?
—No. In fact it is free charge at the weekend.
（2） He was charged murder and sentenced to death.
◆单句写作
（3）［词汇复现］The man （负责）the gallery announced that an exhibition of paintings would be held.
（4） He is old，so his son will （负责）the farm.
（5） The programme is （由…… 负责/ 掌管）Mr Zhang.
（6）［词汇复现］The man （被指控） theft，but he made a protest.
（7） Somehow they didn’t us （因……向……收费） delivery this time.
for
of
with
in charge of
take charge of
in the charge of
was charged with
charge
for
词汇二 announce vt. 宣布；通知；声称
◆教材原句
When we finally reached the service desk to ask for audio guides，we heard it announced that there were no audio guides left. 当我们最终到达服务台询问语音导游时，我们听到服务台宣布没有语音导游了。
◆要点必记
announce sth. to sb. =announce to sb. sth. 向某人宣布某事
announce that... 宣布……
As is announced... 据报道……
It is announced that... 据报道……
◆误区警示
announce sb. sth. （×） announce sth. to sb. （√）
用法相同的动词还有suggest，explain， report，say 等。
◆词语辨析
announce 与declare
· announce 指把人们关心或感兴趣的事公布于众；
· declare 指在正式场合宣布官方的立场或态度等。
◆词语积累
announcement n. 宣告，宣布；通知
make an announcement 宣布通告
◆单句语法填空
（1） The spokesman of the Foreign Ministry announced the news the reporters.
（2）We are pleased （announce）that all five candidates are successful.
（3） is announced in today’s newspaper，they have succeeded in solving many problems about the new technique.
（4） She made her （announce）after talks with the president.
to
to announce
As
announcement
◆单句写作
（5） They （向我们宣布）that they would publish a new book.
（6） At the end of their meeting， （据宣布）an agreement had been reached.
◆辨析填空（announce/declare）
（7）［2013·天津卷］We have launched another man-made satellite，which is
in today’s newspaper.
（8） Jane that she would rather resign than change her decision.
announced to us
it was announced that
announced
declared
词汇三 amount n. 金额；数量
◆教材原句
We found ourselves very surprised by the large number of visitors and the amount of noise at the entrance of the National Gallery. 我们发现自己对国家美术馆入口处的大量游客和噪音感到非常惊讶。
◆要点必记
a large/small amount of 大量的/ 少量的……（+ 不可数名词）
◆比一比
“许多、大量”的多种表达
（1） A large amount of + 不可数名词+ 单数谓语动词+ 其他.
Large amounts of + 不可数名词+ 复数谓语动词+ 其他.
（2） A large quantity of + 可数/ 不可数名词+ 单数谓语动词+ 其他.
Large quantities of + 可数/ 不可数名词+ 复数谓语动词+ 其他.
(3) A good/great many （A large/great number of 、Quite a few） + 可数名词复数+ 复数谓语动词+ 其他.
（ 4）Many a + 可数名词单数 + 单数谓语 动词+ 其他.
（5） A lot of/ Lots of （Plenty of ）+ 可数名词复数/ 不可数名词+ 谓语动词+ 其他.
（谓语动词的单复数根据of 后的名词确定）
◆单句写作
（1） 他们在这个问题上花费了大量的时间。（amount）
————————————————————————————————
———————————————————————————————
They spent a large amount of time on this problem. /
They spent large amounts of time on this problem.
◆单句语法填空
（2）With more forests being destroyed，a large amount of good earth （be）being washed away each year.
（3） There （be）large amounts of valuable information about the Olympic Games.
（4） To my disappointment，a large amount of money （waste） so far.
（5） A number of high buildings （arise）where there was nothing a year ago but ruins.
is
are
has been wasted
have arisen
词汇四 approach （1）n. 方法；途径；接近 （2）vt. 接近；接洽；着手处理 vi. 靠近
◆教材原句
It was hard to approach the painting as there were so many people around. 因为周围有那么多人，很难接近那幅画。
◆要点必记
（1）approach the house 走近房子 see/hear sb. /sth. approaching 看到/ 听到某人/ 某物接近
be easy/difficult to approach 容易接近/ 难以接近 approach the problem/matter 处理问题
（2）the approach of... ……的来临
at the approach of 在……快到的时候 an approach to （doing）sth. （做）某事的方法（to 是介词）
adopt/take an approach 采用一种方法
◆单句语法填空
（1）［词汇复现］The best approach to （explore）the puzzle is to keep your eyes open.
（2） Many kinds of birds fly south the approach of winter.
（3） All the approaches the palace were guarded by troops.
（4） The approach the summer vacation brings the kids much happiness.
exploring
at
to
of
◆单句写作
（5） The school has decided to （采用一种不同的方法）to discipline.
（6） （ …… 快到的时候）the interview，he became rather nervous and upset.
（7） John，a popular teacher，has （一种…… 的方法）making his literature classes lively.
（8） The expert is a person （容易接近）.
adopt a different approach
At the approach of
an approach to
easy to approach
词汇五 ensure vt. 保证；确保；担保
◆教材原句
She had a copy of the painting boxed to ensure that it was delivered safely. 她把这幅画的副本装在盒子里，以确保它能安全送达。
◆要点必记
ensure=make sure 确保 ensure the safety of 确保……的安全
ensure（that）…确保…… make sure of 确保……
◆学法点拨
在日常英语中，人们一般说make sure，而不说ensure。
◆单句语法填空
（1） The hospital tries （ensure）that people are seen quickly.
（2） These road facilities are used （ensure）the safety of cyclists.
◆单句写作
（3） Please （确保）all the windows are closed. The storm is coming.
（4） The police’s duty is to （确保……的安全）citizens.
to ensure
to ensure
make sure
ensure the safety of
词汇六 generous adj. （1）慷慨的，大方的 （2）丰富的
◆教材原句
Carl and his friends stayed with a generous family... 卡尔和他的朋友们住在一个慷慨的家庭里……
◆要点必记
（1）be generous to sb. 对某人慷慨
be generous with sth. 在某方面大方，不吝啬某物
It’s generous of sb. to do sth. 某人做某事真是慷慨。
（2）generously adv. 慷慨地，大方地
generosity n. 慷慨，大方 mean adj. 吝啬的，小气的
◆单句语法填空
（1） These volunteers are very generous the old men.
（2） The young man is very generous his time in helping others.
（3） It is generous of you （lend） your portable computer to me.
◆单句写作
（4） He didn’t selfishly keep for himself the money inherited from his uncle. Instead，he
（作出慷慨的捐赠）to help the community.
（5） （你真慷慨）to share your food with me，Jack.
to
with
to lend
made a generous contribution
It is/was generous of you
词汇七 position n. 位置；姿态；职位
◆教材原句
They watched over the lake with their cameras and binoculars，which were positioned on the hill. 他们站在山上，用相机和双筒望远镜眺望湖面。
◆要点必记
（in）first/second position 第一名/ 第二名 in/out of position 在/ 不在适当的位置
put/place sb. in a good/an awkward position 使某人处于有利的/ 尴尬的境地
in a position of power/strength 处于有权力/ 有实力的地位
◆误区警示
当position，situation，point，case，stage 等表示抽象地点的名词作先行词且关系词在从句中作状语时，定语从句常用where 引导。
◆单句语法填空
（1）［词汇复现］Ensure that everything is position when we come back to the room.
（2） I’m sorry if I put you an awkward position.
（3） If a container catches liquid，it is in a position the liquid falls into it.
◆单句写作
（4） 3：0 的胜利使这支足球队的排名升至第三。
The 3–0 win moved the football team up to .
（5） 大家都就位了吗？ Is everybody ?
（6） 这使他和他的同事陷于困境。This him and his colleagues .
in
in
where
third position
in position
put
in a difficult position
单元语法 过去分词（短语）作定语
分词概述
分词是动词的一种非谓语形式。分词有两种形式，一种是现在分词（v. -ing），一种是过去分词（v. -ed）。现在分词一般表示主动和进行，过去分词一般表示被动和完成。分词在句中可作定语、状语、补足语和表语。
要点一 过去分词（短语）作定语时的位置
◆要点必记
单个的过去分词作定语时，常放在被修饰词之前；过去分词短语作定语时，常放在被修饰词之后。
◆单句写作
（1） It is not healthy to eat （罐装食品）.
（2） The （尴尬的父亲）stood there saying nothing.
（3） The problem （在会议上被提及的） needs considering.
（4） The information （他朋友所提供的） is of great use.
canned food
embarrassed father
mentioned at the meeting
provided by his friend
要点二 过去分词作定语表示的语态和时间
◆要点必记
（ 1）及物动词的过去分词作定语，表示被 动和完成。
（2）不及物动词的过去分词作定语没有被动意义，只表示完成。
◆误区警示
某些表示人的情绪变化的使令性动词， 其过去分词作定语，表示人的某种心情、感受或者表情等，意为“……的”，这些动词的过去分词往往已经成为一个形容词了。
◆单句语法填空
（1） They’d like to rent a （furnish）house.
（2） The police are searching for an （escape）prisoner.
（3） I waved at the （excite）children and said goodbye to them.
（4） His mother is a （retire）teacher and she is very patient with children.
（5） There is a （satisfy）expression on her face. Clearly，the employee，left a good impression on her.
◆单句写作
（6） （这位失望的母亲）covered her face with her hands and began to cry.
（7） The gardener began to pile up （落叶）.
（8） His father once was （一位受人尊敬的校长）.
furnished
escaped
excited
retired
satisfied
The disappointed mother
the fallen leaves
a respected headmaster
要点三 过去分词（短语）作定语与定语从句的关系
◆要点必记
过去分词（短语）作定语时，相当于一个定语从句。
◆学法点拨
（1）个别单个的过去分词也可作后置 定语， 如shown，adopted，left，given， involved，wanted，gained，concerned 等。
（2）过去分词修饰something，everything， anything，nothing，nobody 等不定代词或指示代词 those 时，要放在这些词的后面。
◆误区警示
·过去分词（done）表示动作已完成；
·现在分词的被动式（being done）强调动作正在进行。
◆单句语法填空
（1） The works （show）at the exhibition are priceless.
（2） He planned to use the money （leave）to buy a second-hand motorbike.
（3） Our teacher asked us to use the words （give）to make up sentences.
（4） The experience （gain）through this journey will help me get over difficulties in life in the future.
（5） Is there anything （plan）for tonight?
（6） If you have something （want），I will buy it for you.
（7） The product （test）out now is from our company.
（8） The problem （discuss）yesterday has something to do with our work.
shown
left
given
gained
planned
wanted
being tested
being discussed
◆单句写作
（9） （所有相关的专家）will attend the conference.
（10） He is one of （被邀请的人）.
◆同义句转换
（11） What do you think of the play which was put on by the students?
=What do you think of the play ?
（12）The girl who is dressed in white will make a summary about the meeting.
=The girl will make a summary about the meeting.
All the experts concerned
those invited
put on by the students
dressed in white
过去分词作宾补
◆要点必记
过去分词作宾语补足语说明宾语的性质或状态，宾语与过去分词之间为被动关系，即宾语是过去分词动作的承受者。能够接过去分词作宾语补足语的动词主要有两类：一类是感官动词，另一类是使役动词。在高中阶段过去分词作宾语补足语的情况通常有以下几种：
（ 1）用在表示某种状态的动词 keep， leave 等的宾语的后面
（ 2）“have/get+ 宾语 + 过去分词”的两 种含义：让别人做某事；遭遇某种不幸。
（ 3）在“make+ 宾语 + 过去分词”结构中 过去分词表示结果
（ 4）常用在感官动词 watch，see，hear， notice，feel 等的后面作宾语补足语；此外，find 也有此用法
（ 5）用在 want，wish，like，expect，order 等 表示“希望、愿望、命令”的动词的后面作宾语补足语
（ 6）在“with+ 宾语 + 过去分词”结构中， 宾语与过去分词之间是被动关系
◆误区警示
现在分词、过去分词、动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别：
（1）用哪种形式
根据宾语和宾补之间的关系来确定用哪种非谓语动词形式。
主动关系——现在分词
被动关系——过去分词
（2）感官动词后的宾补
感官动词hear，see，notice，feel 等既可以接分词也可以接省略to 的动词不定式作宾补。
现在分词——主动、进行的动作
过去分词——被动、完成的动作
动词不定式——动作的全过程
◆单句语法填空
（1） He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them （interest）in his lectures.
（2） When we saw the road （block）with snow，we decided to spend the holiday at home.
（3） The judges gave no hint of what they thought，so I left the room really （worry）.
（4） Before driving into the city，you are required to get your car （wash）.
（5） Even the best writers sometimes find themselves （lose）for words.
（6） Now that we’ve discussed our problem，are people happy with the decisions （take）?
（7） I heard them （sing）in the room when I passed by.
（8） His parents saw him （award）the winner’s medal.
interested
blocked
worried
washed
lost
taken
singing
awarded
◆单句写作
（9） 他们把门锁了好长一段时间。They for a long time.
（10） 不要让窗户像这样一直破着。Don’t like this all the time.
（11） 我昨天让人修了我的自行车。I yesterday.
（12）玛丽的手表在前几天被人偷了。Mary the other day.
（13）我提高了嗓门以便让别人听到我的话。I raised my voice to .
（14）当我们到学校时，我们看见门锁着。When we got to school，we .
（15）小偷被带了进来，双手被绑在背后。The thief was brought in， .
kept the door locked
leave the windows broken
had my bike repaired
make myself heard
had her watch stolen
saw the door locked
with his hands tied behind his back
