人教版必修2 Unit 2 The Olympic Games语法练习（无答案）

Book2
Unit2
语法学案
被动语态的特殊情况
It
is
said
that+从句及其他类似句型
　　一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe,
consider,
expect,
report,
say,
suppose,
think等可以用于句型“It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句”或
“主语＋be＋过去分词＋to
do
sth.”。有：
It
is
said
that…
据说,It
is
reported
that…据报道，It
is
believed
that…大家相信，It
is
hoped
that…大家希望，It
is
well
known
that…众所周知，It
is
thought
that…大家认为，It
is
suggested
that…据建议。　
例It
is
said
that
the
boy
has
passed
the
national
exam.
（＝The
boy
is
said
to
have
passed
the
national
exam.
）
二、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义
　　1.英语中有很多动词如
break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式
表达被动意义,主语通常是物。
　　例
This
kind
of
cloth
washes
well.
注意：主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。
试比较：The
door
won't
lock．
（指门本身有毛病）
　　
The
door
won't
be
locked．
（指不会有人来锁门,
指“门没有锁”是人的原因）
　　2.
表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语，如：happen,
last,
take
place,
break
out,
come
out,
come
about,
come
true,
run
out,
give
out,
turn
out等以主动形式表示被动意义。
　　例
How
do
the
newspapers
come
out?
这些报纸是如何引出来的呢？
　　3.
系动词没有被动形式,
但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel,
sound,
taste,
book,
feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。
　　　
例Your
reason
sounds
reasonable.
　三、非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义
　在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义
。
　　1．
在need，want，require,
bear等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。
The
house
needs
repairing（to
be
repaired）．这房子需要修理。
　　2．
形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式；而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。
例
The
picture-book
is
well
worth
reading．
（＝The
picture-book
is
very
worthy
to
be
read．）
　　3.
动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时，又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系,
不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。
　例
I
have
a
lot
of
things
to
do
this
afternoon．
(to
do与things是动宾关系，与I是主谓关系。)
试比较：I’ll
go
to
the
post
office.
Do
you
have
a
letter
to
be
posted?
(
此处用不定式的被动语态作定语表明you不是post动作的执行者。)
　　4.
在某些“形容词＋不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中，句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。
　　例This
problem
is
difficult
to
work
out
.（可看作to
work
out省略了for
me）.
　　5．
在too…
to…结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。
　　例This
book
is
too
expensive
(for
me)
to
buy.
　　6.
在there
be…句型中，当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时，不定式用主动式作定语，重点在人，用被动形式作定语，重点在物。
　　例There
is
no
time
to
lose（to
be
lost）．
（用
to
lose可看成for
us
to
lose；用to
be
lost，谁
lost
time不明确。）
　　7.
在be
to
do结构中的一些不定式通常应用主动表主动,
被动表被动。然而,由于古英语的影响,下列动词rent,blame,let等仍用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。
　　例
Who
is
to
blame
for
starting
the
fire?
四、被动语态与系表结构的区别
　　当“be+过去分词”作被动语态时表示主语承受的动作；作系表结构时表示主语的特点或所处的状态时，be后面的过去分词是表语，相当于形容词。其区分办法如下：
　　1．如果强调动作或句中有介词by引导出动作的执行者，该句一般为被动语态，否则为系表结构。
　　例The
glass
is
broken．
（系表结构）
　　
The
glass
was
broken
by
the
boy．
（被动语态）
　　2．如果句中有地点、频率或时间状语时，一般为被动语态。
　　例The
door
is
locked．
（系表结构）
　　
The
door
has
already/just
been
locked．（被动语态）
　　3．被动语态除用于一般时态和完成时态外，还可以用于其他各种时态，而系表结构中的系动词be只有一般时态和完成时态。
　　例
The
machine
is
being
repaired．
被动语态专项练习题【强化训练】:
A
1.Our
house_____,
　?
??
A
.
is
getting
paint　B
.
is
getting
painted　
C
.
is
got
painted　D
.
has
got
to
paint
2.He
arrived
in
Beijing,
where
he
_____his
friend
.
　?
??
A
.
was
met
by　B
.
was
met　C
.
was
meeting　D
.
met
by?
3.The
war
_____in
1937
　
??
A
.
was
broken
out　B
.
had
been
broken
out　
C
.
has
broken
out　D
.
broke
out?
4.The
mistakes
in
the
exercises
will
_____the
teacher.
　?
??
A
.
cross　B
.
be
crossing　C
.
be
crossed
by　D
.
cross
by?
5.My
brother
and
I
have
__________her
birthday
party.
　?
??
A
.
been
invited　B
.
been
invited
for　C
.
invited
to　D
.
been
invited
to?
6.It_______this
way
A
.
is
had
to
do　B
.
is
had
to
be
done　C
.
had
to
be
done　D
.
has
to
do?
7.It__this
way.?
??
A
used
to
do　B
.
used
to
be
done　C
.
is
used
to
do　D
.
is
used
to
doing?
8._____Chaplin.
　?
A
.
The
child's
name
was
called　B
.
The
child's
name
calls?
C
.
The
child
calls　
D
.
The
child
is
named?
9.The
sports
meeting____.
A
.
is
put
off　B.
is
to
put
off　C
.
is
to
be
put
off　D
puts
off?
10.Mary
realized
she_________
　?
A
was
making
fun
of
B
was
made
fun
C
.
was
being
made
fun
of
D
was
being
made
fun?
11.______to
say
a
thing
in
that
way
　?
??
A
.
It
is
considers
wrong　
B
.
It
is
considered
wrong
C
.
It
is
considered
it's
wrong　D
.
It
is
considering
wrong?
12.He
ordered
that
the
books
_______at
once.
　?
??
A
.
would
be
printed　B
.
would
print　C
.
be
printed　D
.
print?
13.The
story
______in
China
.?
　?
??
A
.
was
taken
place　B
.
was
happened　?
C
.
took
place　D
.
has
been
taken
place?
14.The
house
_____my
parents
　?
??
A
.
is
belong
to　B
.
belong
to　C
.
belongs
to　D
.
is
belonged
to?
15.He_______by
his
teacher.
　?
??
A
:
happened
to
see
B
.
was
happened
to
see?
C
.
happened
to
be
seen　D
.
was
happened
to
be
seen?
16.Great
changes
_____in
our
province
.Many
tall
buildings.
　?
?A
.
have
been
taken
place,
have
been
set
up?
B
.
have
taken
place,
have
been
set
up?
?C
.
have
been
taken
place,
have
been
set
up?
D
.
were
taken
place,
were
set
up?
17.The
hall's
____but
it's
not
yet
____with
lamps.
　?
??
A
.
furnished,
finished　
B
.
been
finished,
been
furnished?
??
C
.
being
finished,
being
furnished　D
.
set
up,
full?
18.The
new
hall
is
the
tallest
building
in
this
town.
_____from
here?
　
??
A
.
Can
it
see　B
.
Can
it
be
seen　C
.
Can
it
seen　D
.
Can
see?
19.As
soon
as
we
got
to
the
airport,
we
found
that
the
plane_____.
　?
??
A
.
had
already
taken
off　B
.
already
took
off?
??
C
.
was
already
taking
off　D
.
was
already
taken
off?
20.
Some
of
the
hotels
in
my
hometown_________.
　?
??
A
.
have
now
been
rebuilding　B
.
are
now
rebuilding?
??
C
.
are
now
being
rebuilt　D
.
are
rebuilt
now?
21.
If
city
noises
____
from
increasing，people
____
shout
to
be
heard
even
at
dinner．?
??
A
.
are
not
kept；will
have
to　B
.
are
not
kept；have?
??
C
.
do
not
keep；will
have
to　D
.
do
not
keep；have
to
22.
The
fifth
generation
computers,
with
artificial
intelligence,
are
____and
perfected
now.?
?A
.
developed　B.
have
developed
C.
are
being
developed　D
.
will
have
been
developed?
23.
---
____
the
sports
meet
might
be
put
off．　
　
---
Yes，it
all
depends
on
the
weather．?
??
A
.
I've
been
told　B
.
I've
told　C
.
I'm
told　D
.
I
told?
24.
I
need
one
more
stamp
before
my
collection
___.?
??
A
.
has
completed　B
.
completes　C
.
has
been
completed　D
.
is
completed?
25.
Rainforests
___
and
burned
at
such
a
speed
that
they
will
disappear
from
the
earth
in
the
near
future.?
A
.
cut　B
.
are
cut　C
.
are
being
cut　D
.
had
been
cut?
B(选作)
26.
The
new
suspension
bridge
___
by
the
end
of
last
month.?
?
A
.
has
been
designed　B
.
had
been
designed
C
.
was
designed　D
.
would
be
designed?
27.When
a
pencil
is
partly
in
a
glass
of
water,
it
looks
as
if
it
____.?
??
A
.
breaks　B
.
has
broken　C
.
was
broken　D
.
had
been
broken?
28.
Great
changes
___
in
the
city,
and
a
lot
of
factories
___.?
??A
.
have
been
taken
place;
have
been
set
up
B
.
have
taken
place;
have
been
set
up
C
.
have
taken
place;
have
set
up
D
.
were
taken
place;
were
set
up?
29.
That
suit
__
over
60
dollars.?
A
.
had
costed　B
.
costed　C
.
is
costed　D
.
cost?
30.
---
Look!
Everything
here
is
under
construction.?
---
What's
the
pretty
small
house
that
__
for??
??
A
.
is
being
built　B
.
has
been
built　C
.
is
built　D
.
is
building?
31.---
Do
you
like
the
material??
---
Yes,
it
___
very
soft.?
??
A
.
is
feeling　B
.
felt　C
.
feels　D
.
is
felt?
32.
It
is
difficult
for
a
foreigner
____
Chinese．
??
A
.
write　B
.
to
write　C
.
to
be
written　D
.
written?
33.
I
have
no
more
letters
____
，thank
you．?
??
A
.
to
type　B
.
typing　C
.
to
be
typed　D
.
typed?
34.
Take
care!
Don't
drop
the
ink
on
your
shirt,
for
it
__
easily.?
??A
.
won't
wash
out　B
.
won't
be
washed
out?
C
.
isn't
washed
out　D
.
isn't
washing
out?
35.
Nobody
noticed
the
thief
slip
into
the
house
because
the
lights
happened
to
___.?
??
A
.
be
put
up　B
.
give
in　C
.
be
turned
on　D
.
go
out?
36.
The
computers
on
the
table
___
Professor
Smith.?
??
A
.
belongs　B
.
are
belonged
to　C
.
belongs
to　D
.
belong
to?
37.
---
What
do
you
think
of
the
book??
---Oh,
excellent.
It's
worth
___
a
second
time.?
??
A
.
to
read　B
.
to
be
read　C
.
reading　D
.
being
read?
38.
The
squirrel
was
lucky
that
it
just
missed
___.?
??
A
.
catching　B
.
to
be
caught　C
.
being
caught　D
.
to
catch?
39.
This
page
needed
___
again.?
A.
being
checked　B.
Checked
C.
to
check　D.
to
be
checked?
40.
___
many
times,
the
boy
still
didn't
know
how
to
do
the
exercises?
??
A
.
Having
taught　B
.
Having
been
taught　C
.
taught　
D
.
Teaching?
自我反思：
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