中考英语被动语态专题复习学案（含答案）

被动语态专项训练
本节内容（presentation）（25-30mins）
被动语态的用法
主动句与被动句的关系
主动句：动作的执行者（主语）
+
谓语动词
+
动作的承受者（宾语）
被动句：动作的承受者（主语）+
be
+
动词的过去分词
+
by
+
动作的执行者
注意:
(1)有时
by短语可以省略。
(2)主动句的时态是由谓语动词来体现的，而被动句的时态是由be动词来体现的。掌握了被
动句的基本结构和主、被动句的相互转换关系，在考试中就可以不变应万变。
被动语态结构
一般现在时的被动语态：am／is／are
done
一般过去时的被动语态：was／were
done
现在进行时的被动语态：am／is／are
being
done
过去进行时的被动语态：was
/
were
being
done
现在完成时的被动语态：have
／has
been
done
过去完成时的被动语态：had
been
done
一般将来时的被动语态：will
be
done
／am(is,are)
going
to
be
done
过去将来时的被动语态：would
be
done
／was(were)
going
to
be
done
含情态动词的被动语态：情态动词＋be
done
重点难点：
①双宾语：
“动词+间接宾语+直接宾语”改为被动时,有两种变法。
His
teacher
gave
him
a
dictionary.
人：→He
was
given
a
dictionary
by
his
teacher.(间接宾语做主语)
物：→A
dictionary
was
given
to
him
by
his
teacher.(直接宾语主语)
（需用to或者for引出原句的间接宾语)。
【例题】She
bought
me
a
present.（改为被动结构）→
A
present________
________
_________me
by
her.
Keys:was
bought
for
重难点总结：
1)间接宾语（人）做主语，变被动语态时没有
to,for
;
直接宾语（物）主语，变被动语态
时要用to或者for引出原句的间接宾语
2)常见接双宾语的动词有：
give,borrow
,
buy,
lend
,
show,tell
,
pass,
offer,
build,
bring,
teach,leave,
sell
②感官动词和使役动词
在主动语态中，某些动词之后带有复合宾语，即宾语和宾语补足语，这个复合宾语由动
词不定式来充当，to被省略，但在被动语态中，这个to还要还原。
eg:I
often
hear
her
sing
this
popular
song
.
（主动语态）
She
is
often
heard
to
sing
this
popular
song
.（被动语态）
【例题】He
makes
the
girl
stay
at
home.（改为被动结构）→
The
girl________
________
_________stay
at
home.
Keys:
is
made
to
▲
有这种用法的常用动词有：使役动词make
,
let
,have。
感官动词
see
,
hear
,
watch
,
feel
,
notice等。
③be
+过去分词特殊用法
有些“be
+过去分词”的结构并不是被动语态，它们有可能是“系表结构（即系动词之
由过去分词来充当表语）。”
比较：（1）
??
（2）
【例题】The
library_______from
9
o’clock
to
five
o’clock
eveyday.
A.opens
B.is
opened
C.is
open
D.open
Keys:C
④不及物动词和短语
只有及物动词和可接宾语的动词+介词词组才可以有被动语态。
eg：
原则上，只有及物动词才有被动语态，但是，许多不及物动词加上介词或者副词，变
成及物动词短语，也可以用于被动语态。但是即后面的介词或副词不能丢掉。
eg:We
should
speak
to
old
people
politely.
（改为被动结构）→
Old
people
should
be
spoken
to
politely
by
us.
【例题】She
will
take
good
care
of
the
children．（改为被动结构）→
The
children
will
______
______
______
______
______
by
her．
Keys:
be
taken
good
care
of
⑤主动表被动
wash,
wear,
sell,
write,
drive,clean,read,cook,cut等。
eg:This
kind
of
cloth
washes
well./This
book
sells
well.
/The
pen
writes
very
smoothly.
在need,
require,
want,
worth
（形容词）,
deserve后的动名词必须用主动形式。
eg:My
bike
needs
repairing.
=
My
bike
needs
to
be
repaired.
eg:The
book
is
worth
reading.
补充：want/
need/
require
+doing
相当于want/
need/
require+
to
be
done.
to
be
done
3）特殊结构：make
sb.
heard
/
understood（使别人能听见/理解自己）等。
eg:She
raised
her
voice
to
make
us
hear
clearly.
⑥不用于被动语态
不及物动词或不及物动词短语：
appear,
die(死亡),disappear（消失）,
happen，break
out,
come
true,
take
place.
系动词无被动语态,如appear,
be
,become,
fall,
feel,
get,
grow,
keep,
look,
remain,
seem,
smell,
sound,
stay,
taste,
turn等。
eg:It
sounds
good./The
flower
smells
sweet./The
watch
looks
good.
⑦特殊句式
在汉语中，有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示
据说……
It
is
said
that
…
据报导……
It
is
reported
that
…
据推测……
It
is
supposed
that
…
希望……
It
is
hoped
that
…
众所周知……
It
is
well
known
that
…
普遍认为……
It
is
generally
considered
that
…
有人建议……
It
is
suggested
that
…
1)
It
is
reported
that
it
is
going
to
rain
tomorrow.
2)
It
is
well
known
that
Thomas
Edison
invented
the
electric
lamp.
课堂练习（practice）（20-35mins）
I.
Complete
the
following
sentences
as
required（根据所给要求完成句子）（错误率：
掌握情况：
）
1.
They
often
clean
their
classrooms
after
school.
(改为被动语态)
Their
classrooms
_______often
________by
them
after
school.
2.
Li
Lei
gave
Tom
a
new
pen
last
week.
(改为被动语态)
Tom_____
_______
a
new
pen
by
Li
Lei
last
week.
A
new
pen
_____
_______
_____
Tom
last
week
by
Li
Lei.
3.
A
lot
of
people
in
China
can
speak
English
now.
(改为被动语态)
English
______
____
______
by
a
lot
of
people
in
China
now.
4.We
have
done
many
things
to
protect
our
environment.
(改为被动语态)
Many
things________
________
________to
protect
our
environment
.
5.They
will
publish
these
story-books
next
month.
(改为被动语态)
These
story-books
_____
_____
_____
next
month.
6.
The
workers
will
widen
some
roads
in
our
city
next
year.
(改为被动语态)
Some
roads
will
_______
_______
in
our
city
next
year.
7.He
said
he
would
plant
some
trees
the
next
year.
(改成被动语态)
He
said
some
trees
_______
_______
______by
him.
8.People
in
our
village
threw
away
a
great
number
of
plastic
bags
last
year.
(被动语态)
A
great
number
of
plastic
bags______
_______away
in
our
village
last
year.
9.A
Dutch
artist
Florentijin
Hofman
had
designed
the
famous
big
yellow
rubber
duck.(改为被动语态)
The
famous
big
yellow
rubber
duck_______
________
________by
a
Dutch
artist
Florentijin
Hofman.
10.
We
don't
allow
people
to
smoke
anywhere
in
the
building.
(改为被动语态)
People
to
smoke
anywhere
in
the
building.
Keys:1.are
cleaned
2.was
given/was
given
to
3.can
be
spoken
4.has
been
done
5.will
be
published
6.be
widened
7.would
be
planted
8.were
thrown
9.had
been
designed
10.are
allowed
II.
Choose
the
best
answer(选择最恰当的答案)（错误率：
掌握情况：
）
1.
Ben
__________
ill
for
about
a
week.
Let’s
go
to
see
him
together.
A)
has
fallen
B)
has
felt
C)
has
come
D)
has
been
2.
Emotional
(心理)
support
________to
people
with
health
problems
in
this
area
recently.
A)
provides
B)is
provided
C)has
provided
D)
has
been
provided
3.
Storm
Sandy________thousands
of
cars
so
a
number
of
Thanksgiving
travelers
failed
to
rent(租)
a
car.
A)
had
damaged
B)
is
damaging
C)
will
damage
D)
has
damaged
4.I
________
the
new
detective
story,
so
I
don’t
know
anything
about
it.
A)
don’t
read
B)
haven’t
read
C)
won’t
read
D)
hadn’t
read
5.It’ll
be
a
great
honour
if
I
________
to
the
charity
evening
party
next
week.
A)
invite
B)
will
invite
C)
will
be
invited
D)
am
invited
6.Alice,
you
______
on
the
phone
now,
please
come
to
my
office
as
quickly
as
possible.
A)
want
B)
are
wanting
C)
are
wanted
D)
have
wanted
7.The
Greens
didn’t
catch
the
train.
When
they
got
to
the
station,
the
train________.
A)
left
B)
was
left
C)
has
left
D)
had
left
8.
They
____________in
Beijing
for
the
meeting
for
another
three
days.
A)
have
stayed
B)
stayed
C)
are
staying
D)
will
stay
9.
The
famous
singer
________
from
his
hometown
for
nearly
five
years.
A)
left
B)
went
away
C)
has
been
D)
has
been
away
10.
The
European
Union
______
the
2012
Nobel
Peace
Prize
on
Oct.
12,
2012.
A)
awards
B)
is
awarded
C)
awarded
D)
was
awarded
11.
She
didn’t
go
to
see
the
film
Lost
in
Thailand
(《泰囧》)with
us
because
she
________
it
already.
A.
sees
B.
saw
C.
has
seen
D.
had
seen
12.
By
5
o’clock
yesterday
afternoon,
we
________
more
than
3,500
yuan
at
the
charity
sale.
A)
collected
B)
have
collected
C)
would
collect
D)
had
collected
13.
Lei
Feng
________
for
his
warm
heart
and
kind
deeds.
We
should
learn
from
him.
A)
knows
B)
is
known
C)
was
known
D)
has
known
14.
I
felt
very
nervous
on
the
plane
because
I
________
before.
A)
hadn’t
flown
B)
haven’t
flown
C)
didn’t
fly
D)
wouldn’t
fly
15.
When
the
parents
arrived,
the
students
________
their
classrooms.
A)
have
cleaned
B)
had
cleaned
C)
cleaned
D)
are
cleaning
16.
Xi
Jinping
________
president
of
the
People's
Republic
of
China
(PRC)
in
March,
2013.
A)
elect
B)
is
elected
C)
elected
D)
was
elected
17.
The
22nd
Winter
Olympics
will
________
in
Sochi
early
this
year.
A)
be
held
B)
held
C)
hold
D)
being
held
18.
Nowadays
Chinese
________
in
quite
a
few
countries
such
as
Singapore,
South
Korea,
Japan,
etc.
A.
speak
B.
speaks
C.
speaking
D.
is
spoken
19.
We
will
shorten
the
communicating
time
after
the
new
bridge________.
A)
will
complete
B)
completes
C)
will
be
completed
D)is
completed
20.
I’m
glad
you’ve
come
back
from
the
United
States.
Please
tell
me
how
long
you
________there.
A)
have
stayed
B)had
stayed
C)have
been
staying
D)stayed
keys：1-5
DCABD
6-10
CDDDD
11-15
DDBAB
16-20
DADDD