中考选择型阅读--词义猜测题解题技巧梳理（通用版）(共31张PPT)

(共31张PPT)
选择型阅读解题技巧梳理
—爆笑虫子独家秘诀
词义猜测题
The underlined word is closest in meaning to the word…
The underlined word…refers to/probably means…
The underlined word…could be replaced by…
What is the meaning of…
Which of the following words can take the place of the word…
The underlined word “it” in paragraph…refers to…
设问方式
1.定义法：一般通过定义、宾语从句、同位语从句来确定词义
信号词如下：
破折号——
is.. 是…
that is(to say)也就是说…
in other words用别的话说…
call叫…
mean意思是…
词义猜测方法
be considered to be 被认为是
refer to 指的是
be called 被称为
be known as被认为是
define解释..的含义
represent相当于 ,
signify表示
文章中一些重要的概念、术语、词汇通过以上词汇后面的语句进行解释
例如：
1.the word “adolescence” means the period children and adulthood.
2.The herdsman, who looks after sheep , earns about 650 yuan a year.（定语从句）
3.A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter.
（定语从句）
4.His uncle is a zoologist ,an expert who does research on animals. （定语从句）
5.We are on the night shift ---from midnight to 8 a. m---this week. 破折号
6.It will be very hard but also very brittle---that is, it will break easily. 破折号
A. easily broken B. soft inside C. very hard D. expensive
2.列举法：
信号词：such as, like, for example , for instance 例如
1.On the farm they mainly raise poultry , such as chickens, ducks and geese , for their eggs and meat.
The word “poultry”means______
A. 猎物 B.家禽 C.饲料 D.牲畜
2.You can take any of the periodical: Crazy English ,Reader, Teaching in School, or English Learning.
3.Today young couple often spend lots of their money on appliances, for instance , washing machines and color televisions.
3.通过同义词或近义词关系猜测词义
信号词：and, or
1.Cleaning up waterways is an enormous task. The job is so large. In fact, that the government may not be able to save some of the rivers and lake which have been polluted.
2.she has a low opinion of herself .when she is surrounded by many people , she is shy and defensive.
4.对比法：通过反义词或反义关系猜测词义
信号词：表转折but, while, however , on the contrary, otherwise,
与not搭配的活表示否定意义的词
1. He is so homely, not at all as handsome as his brother.
2. Most of us agreed, however, Bill dissented.
3.Twelve-year-old sally was an active girl, but her sister was quite sedate.
4.she is usually prompt for all her classes, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class.
A. on time B. late C. slowly D. quickly
5.Mrs. Smith is loquacious while her husband is the silent type.
A.多嘴多舌的 B.寡言的 C.沉默的 D.可爱的
5.因果法：从原因推测结果，从结果推测原因
信号词：because, as, since, for, so, thus, as a result,
of course, therefore, so/such…that 如此…以至于 等
1.You shouldn’t have blamed him for that , for it wasn’t his fault.
2.That museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day.
A. very large B. crowed C. noisy D. good
3.She did not hear what you said because she was completely engrossed in her reading.
A.心不在焉的 B.紧张的 C.全神贯注的 D.睡意浓的
4.The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow(浅的)
6.构词法：很多单词是由词根、前缀、后缀组成，
词根是单词最基本的部分，在词根上加上前缀或后缀可以改变原词的意义。
常用前缀：
dis- un- in- im- ir- less-（表否定）
dislike disappear unhappy incorrect impossible irregular homeless
re- (回、重新) review replace recycle
-able (能..的 ) movable passable
-er -ist (人) teacher worker scientist dentist
The color of Hawaii in summer are unforgettable.
7. 上下句语境提示
1）The official asked the man what his occupation was. The man told him that he worked as an engineer.
A. work B. study C.name D. interest
2）One of the things I always believe is that no matter how bad something is, you can take something positive out of it. It wasn’t until a few weeks after September 11 that I began to see that perhaps some good did come from this tragedy.
3）Please admit it. Don't think that our mistakes are caused by others. Be brave and face the fact that we have made the mistakes. Don't blame other people.
What does the underlined word "blame" mean
A.嫉妒
B.责备
C.表扬
D.羡慕
8.猜测代词所指代的名词
技巧：根据空格前、后句的名词提示
The robot sits at the child's desk in the classroom, and the child at home or in the hospital uses a tablet or a phone to start it, control its movement by touching the screen,
The underlined word "it" in Paragraph 3 refers to .
A. the desk
B. the tablet
C. the robot
D. the phone
难度：两颗星
1.But for us, most mistakes we make are about study or the friendship among classmates.
The underlined word "us"" in the first paragraph refers to .
A. parents
B. babies
C. teachers
D. students
考察 ---代词指代
思路：从空格后面有关人的名词提示:classmates
2. My grandmother has gray hair. She is a kind woman. She is holding my younger sister.
She has short black hair.
The underlined word ＂she＂ refers to（指代） .
A. Peter's younger sister
B. Peter's mom
C. Peter's grandma
D. Peter's father
考察 ---代词指代
思路：从空格前面有关人的名词提示:my younger sister
3.I don't have any friends at school. I think nobody likes me. I never play with my classmates after class. I feel lonely sometimes.
The underlined word "lonely" means " " in Chinese
A.孤独的
B.尴尬的
C.沮丧的
D.认真的
考察 ---中文词义猜测
思路：从空格前语境提示：没有朋友、不和同学玩
4.Man can only drink or use the water from rivers, lakes and the underground. But now the water shortage becomes a big problem. And people are trying their best to find more ways to get fresh water.
What does the underlined word "shortage" mean
A. Something is valuable.
B. Something is not enough.
C. Something is important.
D. Something is not difficult.
考察 ---中文词义猜测
思路：有提示词and. 通过and后面近义关系猜测词义
5."There are a lot of bystanders." Cordon said. "They see what's happening, but they are afraid to tell anyone.“
The underlined word "bystanders" means .
A.欺凌者
B.旁观者
C.过路的人
D.打架的人
考察 ---中文词义猜测
思路：提示词-said，通过said后面解释来猜测词义
1.The wallpaper of my computer is usually green because it's good for my eyes. But green sometimes means people are not experienced. "Green hands" means you're a new worker.
What does the underlined word "experienced” mean in Chinese
A.成熟的
B.成功的
C.熟悉的
D.老练的
练一练
2.Some things should be read slowly throughout. Examples（例子）are instructions for making or doing something. Math books, science and story-books are full of important information. You must read these things slowly to understand and remember every important idea.
The underlined word throughout means .
A.开始
B.结束
C.始终
D.穿过
难度：四颗星
1.SCIENCES Biology/Chemistry
Students can choose which class to attend.
In biology this week, the topic is Human Body. Students will learn about how it works. Alternatively, students can study chemistry. This class takes place in the science lab, and this week students learn about H2 and O2.
The underlined word "Alternatively" in closest in meaning to " " .
A. As another choice
B. For this reason
C. At the same time
D. In other words
考察 ---中文词义猜测
思路：根据标题-两个选择 或 生词前后两种课程选择
2.They use their sharp teeth to force poison（毒素） into the insects they catch for food. This poison can make an insect lose the ability to move, and the helpless insect is then devoured by the spider.
What is the meaning of the underlined word "devoured"
A. Eaten.
B. Caught.
C. Killed.
D. Saved.
考察 ---相同词义猜测
思路：根据前句语境同义句提示
3.However, there is another way of travelling— poorism. People have a tour in the poorest areas of the world. Some people may take one-day poorest tour, and some even pay to stay in very poor neighborhoods to experience the lowest living standards in the world.
What's the meaning of the underlined word "poorism" in the second paragraph
A.贫困
B.穷人
C.穷游
D.可怜的人
考察 ---中文词义猜测
思路：根据后句 解释 可推出答案
4.Eyes are delicate. They can be scratched or cut easier than skin（皮肤）. If the particle is not washed out by tears, you might have to go to the doctor.
The underlined word" delicate" in Paragraph 3 means .
A. easily hurt
B. quite important
C. easily protected
D. quite special
考察 ---词义猜测
思路：根据后句 对眼睛的 解释 可推出答案
1.It's hard to avoid looking like a fool on April Fool's Day. On April 1st each year, people play tricks on each other. Classmates sometimes tie each other's shoelaces（鞋带）to their chairs. Newspapers report on fake news（like "UFO" lands in New York City）and announce fake contests（such as "Win an elephant!"）.
What does the underlined word "fake" in the first paragraph mean in Chinese
A.假的
B.真实的
C.可笑的
D.有趣的
练一练
2.But shyness is not the kind of thing that most people can get over overnight．Overcoming shyness takes time and needs practice.
What does the underlined word "overnight" in Paragraph 5 most probably mean
A. Correctly.
B. Suddenly.
C. Slowly.
D. Finally.