初中英语-英语中主谓一致的用法 课件(共44张PPT)

(共44张PPT)
英语中主谓一致的用法
主谓一致的定义
主谓一致是指谓语在人称和数上必须和主语的人称和数保持一致。这是英语语法中必须遵循的基本规则，也是英语和汉语区别很大的地方。
主谓一致的三大原则
一、语法一致原则
二、意义一致原则
三、就近原则
一、语法一致原则
主语为单数或不可数形式，则谓语动词也用单数形式；
主语为复数形式，则谓语动词也用复数形式。
I
often
help
him
and
he
often
helps
me.
We
often
help
each
other.
二、意义一致
主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，则谓语动词用复数；
主语形式为复数，而意义为单数，则谓语动词用单数。
The
crowd
were
surrounding
the
government
official.
Maths
is
hard
to
learn.
三、就近原则
就近原则即谓语动词的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语。
There
is
a
pen
and
two
pencils
on
the
desk.
主谓一致的具体应用
一、单数形式的名词与谓语动词的一致
二、复数形式的名词与谓语动词的一致
三、并列主语与动词的一致
四、“单数形式的名词+with/as
well
as…+名词”结
构与动词的一致
五、“表部分的名词+of+名词”结构与动词的一致
六、短语、从句或句子作主语与动词的一致
七、名词化的形容词和过去分词作主语与动词的
一致
八、代词与动词的一致
九、数词与动词的一致
一、单数形式的名词与谓语动词的
一致之单形集体名词
1.单形集体名词被视为一个整体时，用作单数名词
Our
family
has
a
reunion
every
year.
2.
单形集体名词被视为若干个体时，则要求复数动词
His
family
are
waiting
for
him.
3.
有些单形集体名词，即所谓的“群体名词”，如police，cattle等，要求复数动词
The
police
have
caught
the
murderer.
单数形式的名词与谓语动词的一致之
“more
than”
1.
“More
than
one
+
单形名词”结构虽有复念，但习惯上多用单数谓语
More
than
one
question
was
asked.
2.
“more
+复形名词+than
one”多要求复数动词
More
members
than
one
have
protested
against
the
proposal.
3.
“a+单形名词+or
two”结构多要求单数动词
A
servant
or
two
or
three
was
to
accompany
them.
4.
“one
or
two
+复形名词”结构要求复数动词
One
or
two
reasons
were
suggested.
5.
“many
a
+单形名词”结构要求单数动词
Many
a
fine
man
has
died
in
the
battle.
单数形式的名词与谓语动词的一致之
“两个形容词+一个单形名词”
在“两个形容词+一个单形名词”结构中，单数名词如有复念（即代表两个事物），则用复数动词
The
red
and
the
white
rose
are
both
beautiful.
English
and
French
grammar
are
not
very
difficult
to
learn.
二、复数形式的名词与谓语动词的一
致
复形名词（大多以s结尾）在句中作主语通常
要求谓语复数动词，具体应用要注意如下几点：
1.
含双数概念的复形名词要求复数动词
Are
your
kitchen
scales(天平)
accurate?
2.
含复数概念的复形名词要求复数动词
The
customs
(关税)were
paid.
My
funds
(资金)are
a
bit
low
at
present.
3.
含单数概念的复形名词要求用单数动词
His
works
(工厂)is
rather
small.
4.
表时间，距离，钱额的复数名词用单数动词
Ten
years
is
a
moment
in
history.
Ten
thousand
dollars
is
a
large
sum.
5.
外来的复形名词要求用单数动词
This
data
is
very
interesting.
6.
以-ics结尾表学科的复形名词要求用单数动词
Politics(政治)
is
often
a
topic
for
discussion.
Statistics
(统计学)
is
a
principal
course
at
the
business
school.
注意：
这类名词用于表示具体的、实际的内容时，则往往要求复数动词。
What
are
your
politics(政治观点)?
Statistics(统计数字)
prove
nothing
in
this
case.
7.
以-s结尾的某些表疾病的复形名词要求用单数动词
German
measles(风疹)
is
a
dangerous
disease
for
pregnant
women.
8.
有些复形名词既可用单数动词也可用复数动词
Where
is
/
are
your
manners(礼貌)?
9.
复形书名一般要求用单数动词
The
Newcomers《新来的人们》
is
one
of
Thackeray’s
finest
books.
三、并列主语与动词的一致
并列主语是指主语为and、or等并列词连接的名词作主语，其谓语的单复数要看情况而定，具体用法如下：
当“名词+and+名词”结构表示一种事物或一种概念时，应用单数动词
Fish
and
chips(炸鱼土豆片)
is
a
popular
supper.
The
poet
and
writer(诗人兼作家)
has
come.
注意：有时并列主语用单数或复数动词都可
Time
and
tide(岁月)
wait
/
waits
for
no
man.
2.
“each
/
every
/
no+单形名词+
each
/
every
/
no+单形名词”结构要求单数动词
Every
hour
and
every
minute(每一小时，每一分钟)
is
important.
3.
“名词/代词+or+名词/代词”结构应根据or后的名词/代词确定单/复数动词
He
or
I
(他或是我)
am
in
the
wrong.
He
or
his
brothers(他或他的兄弟们)
were
to
blame.
4.
“either+名词+or+名词”结构应根据or后的名词/代词确定单/复数动词
Either
the
shirts
or
the
sweater(这些衬衣，要不就是这件毛衣)
is
a
good
buy.
5.
“not
only+名词+but
(also)
+名词”结构要求动词应与but
(also)后的名词一致
Not
only
the
students
but
also
their
teacher(不仅是学生，他们的老师也)
is
enjoying
the
film.
6.
“neither+名词+nor+名词”结构要求动词与nor后面的名词一致
Neither
you
nor
your
brother(你和人你的兄弟都不)
is
in
fault.
Neither
he
nor
they(你和他们都不)
are
mistaken.
7.
“there
be”结构的动词应与最靠近它的名词的单复数一致。
There
is
a
desk
and
some
chairs
in
the
room.
There
are
some
chairs
and
a
desk
in
the
room.
四、“单数形式的名词+with/as
well
as…+名词”结构与动词的一致
“名词+介词或介词短语with
/
together
with
/
along
with
/
including
/
except
/
besides
/
as
well
as
/
added
to…+名词”结构作主语，谓语一般与第一个名词一致。
A
teacher,
with
his
students,
is
seeing
a
film.
I
as
well
as
they
am
ready
to
help.
五、“表部分的名词+of+名词”结构与动词的一致
1.
“one
of
+
复形名词”结构后的定语从句要求谓语动词应用复数；但当“one
of”前有限定词如the、the
only、the
very等修饰时，结构后的定语从句要求谓语动词应用与one一致，用单数谓语。
This
is
one
of
the
best
books
that
have
appeared.
She
is
the
one
of
those
women
who
doesn’t
know
a
thing
about
furniture.
2.
“a
pair
of
+复形名词”
结构多要求用单数谓语，但“复数名词+of
a/this/that
pair”结构多用复数谓语。
A
pair
of
gloves(一双手套)
is
a
nice
present.
Socks
of
this
pair(这双袜子)
are
different
in
size.
3.
“(a)
part
of+
名词”结构中，若名词为单形，一般要求用单数动词，若名词为复形，则复数动词。
(A)
part
of
the
story(故事的一部分)
is
not
true.
A
part
of
the
apples(部分苹果)
are
bad.
4.
“a
group(一组)
/
crowd(人群)
/
flock(一群)
/
file(一列)…
of
+复形名词”结构可用单数动词，也可用复数动词。前者强调整体，后者强调各个组成部分。
This
group
of
students(这一组学生)
is
to
be
sent
to
Italy.
This
group
of
students(这组学生都)
are
to
be
sent
to
Italy.
5.
“a
number
of
/numbers
of
+
复形名词”结构应用复数动词；而“the
number
of
+复形名词”结构应用单数动词。
A
large
number
of
people(许多人)
have
come
to
see
the
exhibition.
The
number
of
the
chairs(椅子的数量)
in
the
room
is
ten.
6.
“an
average
/
total
of
+复形名词”结构应用复数动词；而“the
average
/
total
of
+复形名词”结构应用单数动词。
An
average
of
3000
letters
(平均3000封信)
a
month
are
received
by
the
newspaper’s
office.
A
total
of
3000
letters(总共3000封信)
were
received
last
month.
The
average
of
letters(信件的平均数)
received
each
month
is
3000.
The
total
of
letters(信件的总数)
received
last
month
was
3000.
7.
“a
lot
/
mass
/
heap/plenty…of
+名词”结构要求谓语动词与of后的名词的单复数一致。
A
mass
of
people
were
seen
working
there.
A
lot
of
money
is
spent
on
travel.
8.
“a
large
quantity
of
+不可数名词或复数名词”、“a
large
amount
of
+不可数名词”结构要求单数谓语动词；“large
quantities
of
+不可数名词或复数名词”、“large
amounts
of
+不可数名词”结构要求复数动词。
A
large
quantity
of
students
is
coming.
Large
amounts
of
water
are
wasted.
9.
“this
/
that
/
a
/
what
kind
of
+名词”结构要求单数动词；而
“these
/those
kind
of+名词”、“these/
those
/what
kinds
of+名词”结构多要求复数动词。
This
kind
of
apple(这种苹果)
is
sour.
These
kind
of
apple(s)(这些苹果)
are
sour.
What
kind
of
apple(哪种苹果)
is
sour?
What
kinds
of
apple(哪些种类的苹果)
are
sour?
These
kinds
of
apple(s)(这些种类的苹果)
are
sour.
10.
“most
/
百分数/分数/the
rest/
the
remainder
+
of
+名词”结构要求动词与of后面的名词的单复数一致。
The
rest
of
the
story(故事的其余部分)
needs
no
telling.
He
stayed
in
the
classroom
and
the
rest
of
the
boys(其他的男孩们)
were
out
at
play.
Three-fourths
of
the
surface
of
the
earth(地球表面的四分之三)
is
sea.
Three-fourths
of
the
people
(四分之三的人)were
illiterate.
Most
of
his
time(他的大部分时间)
is
spent
on
traveling.
Most
of
his
students(他的大部分学生)
like
him.
11.
“worth
of
+
名词”结构不论名词是单形还是复形，一般皆要求用单数动词，与worth一致。
The
worth
of
this
painting(这幅画的价值)
is
estimated
at
a
half
million
dollars.
The
worth(价值)
of
men
like
Galileo
is
not
always
understood
while
they
are
alive.
注意：当worth表示金额时，其后的动词往往与其前表金额的名词的数形一致。
Thousands
of
pounds’
worth(以千镑计的数额)
of
damage
have
been
done
to
the
apple
crop.
六、短语、从句或句子作主语与动词的一致
短语、从句或句子作主语时，一般要求用单数动词。
No
news
is
good
news.
(no
news
为名词短语
)
Children’s
interfering
in
their
parents’
right
to
remarry
has
become
a
social
problem.(主语为一动名词复合结构)
That
he
likes
Mary
is
known
to
many
of
his
friends.(主语为一名词性从句)
“How
do
you
do?”
is
not
a
question
but
a
greeting.(主语是一句子)
注意：主语为what
引导的主语从句时，谓语动词应与从句所指代的内容的单复念一致。
What
he
says
(他所说的)
is
not
important.
What
I
want(我所需要的)
are
details.
当what
引导的主语从句中谓语为复数时，全句的谓语动词也应是复数。
What
make
the
river
more
beautiful
are
the
flowers
growing
in
the
water.
七、名词化的形容词和过去分词作主语与动词的一致
名词化的形容词和过去分词作主语与动词的一致应取决于主语的数念。主语如表单念，就用单数动词；主语如表复念，就用复数动词。具体如下：
1.
主语表单念，谓语用单数。
The
true(真实，表单念)
is
to
be
distinguished
from
the
false.
The
accused(被告，表单念)
was
released.
2.
主语表复念，谓语用复数。
The
poor
(穷人，表一类人)are
looked
down
upon
by
the
rich.
3.
名词化的形容词或过去分词为复数形式，谓语用复数。
The
newlyweds(新婚夫妇，本身为复形)
are
now
spending
their
honeymoon
abroad.
八、代词与动词的一致
1.
all
/
some
/
any
/
most用作主语时，随其数念用单数或复数动词。
All(事情，单念)
is
ready
and
all(人，复念)
are
here.
I
don’t
think
any
is
left.我认为没什么剩下。
I
don’t
think
any
of
them(他们中没人)
have
seen
her.
Most
of
the
building
was
destroyed
but
most
were
saved.
2.
“each
of
+
复形名词”结构要求单数动词，但“复形名词+
each”结构要求复数动词。
Each
of
the
jobs(每一份工作)
was
planned
by
Billy.
we
each(我们每个人)
have
a
copy
of
this
dictionary.
3.
every和everyone
一般要求用单数谓语；either一般要求用单数谓语，但在非正式文体中,
“either
of
+复形名/代词”
结构可用复数动词。
Either
method(任一种方法)
is
practical.
Either
of
them(他们中任一人)
are/is
enough
to
drive
me
mad.
4.
Many
之后通常需用复数谓语，但在many’s
(was)
the
time/thing…(that)…这一固定结构中应用单数谓语。
Many’s
the
time
(很多次)(that)
I’ve
thought
of
leaving.
Many
was
the
time(很多次)
I
ate
at
that
restaurant.
5.
neither/none
可用单数或复数动词
Neither
of
the
books
is
/are
satisfactory.
None
of
us
know
/
knows
for
certain.
6.
疑问代词what作主语时，谓语与其所含的数念一致。当说话人不确知what的数念或不强调数念时，应用单数动词。
What’s
on
the
table?桌上是什么？
What
are
on
the
table?
桌上是些什么？
What’s
in
the
sky?
天上是什么？
九、数词与动词的一致
1.
语法一致
Two
and
two
are
four.(主语是Two
and
two
)
Four
from
seven
is
three.(主语为four)
Three
times
one
is
three.(主语为three,
times被看成介词)
261
divided
by
9
equals
29.(261是主语)
2.
意念的一致
Two
and
two
is
four.(将主语two
and
two
看成一个数目，故谓语单数)
One
half
of
the
world’s
population
are
Asians.(集体名词population在此指成员)
即学即练
1.
Large
quantities
of
water
____every
day
here
while
it
is
in
great
need
in
some
faraway
area.
A.
are
being
wasted
B.
is
wasted
C.
have
been
wasted
D.
was
wasted
A
2.
The
writer
and
actor
____
invited
to
give
us
a
report
yesterday.
A.
are
B.
have
been
C.
was
D.
were
3.
Zhang’s
family
____
rather
big
and
his
family
____
fond
of
music.
A.
is;
are
B.
is;
is
C.
are;
is
D.
are;
are
C
A
4.
____
of
the
land
in
that
district
____
covered
with
trees
and
grass.
A.
Two
fifth;
is
B.
Two
fifths;
are
C.
Two
fifth;
are
D.
Two
fifths;
is
5.
Since
then
the
number
of
people
taking
driving
lessons
____
20%.
A.
has
increased
to
B.
increased
by
C.
has
increased
by
D.
have
increased
by
D
C
6.
Although
many
of
the
houses
in
the
small
town
____
still
in
need
of
repair,
there
____lots
of
improvement
in
their
appearance.
A.
are;
has
been
B.
is;
have
been
C.
is;
are
D.
are;
was
A